Diction is the degree of distinctness in the pronunciation of sounds, syllables and words.
The development of diction, the ability to speak beautifully is necessary in Everyday life, both when communicating with friends and relatives, and in conversation with work colleagues, business partners and customers. I very often, by the nature of my work, have to prepare speeches and presentations, before going out to the audience I have to pronounce the text more than once or twice, as well as “knead the speech”, train intonation, thereby placing accents in the speech.
In addition, I activate diction exercises and mental activity I give confidence and ease in communicating with people. Even the simplest exercise - reading aloud for 10-15 minutes a day brings very favorable results.
Today, there are many exercises that will help you speak beautifully and clearly. If you want to achieve significant results, then it is better to pay attention to this issue every day for 10-20 minutes.
It is not necessary to perform all the exercises at once, you can choose exactly what you think is necessary. It is better to pronounce long texts in front of a mirror, so you can evaluate and adjust your speaking style. In the future, you can train, combining with some other chores at home or at work (if you are alone in the office).
The main approaches for the development of diction:
EXERCISE #1. PATENT TWISTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DICTION
Tongue twisters have been known to us since childhood. These are rhythmic sentences, with a set of words where a certain sound or several sounds often occur. Frequent pronunciation of tongue twisters will help teach you how to articulate the desired sound correctly. Regular exercise will make speech quick and clear.
You should start with simple tongue twisters. To begin with, the pace of pronunciation should be low, try to clearly pronounce words and sounds. Gradually, the speed must be increased. When you achieve perfection in pronouncing simple tongue twisters, you can take more complex structures. In addition, you can practice and change the accents of the pronunciation of words in tongue twisters, then asking a question, then answering the same tongue twister. This will help develop good speech diction.
An addition to tongue twisters will be the placement of an obstacle in the mouth that prevents proper articulation. This technique can be seen in the movie "Carnival" (it is also described in many books on teaching public speaking). There, the heroine uttered tongue twisters, putting nuts in her mouth. You can substitute nuts wine stopper. If you learn to clearly pronounce words with interference, then in its absence, the speech apparatus will begin to work better, and diction will improve.
Our voice does not sound at all like it seems to us. Therefore good exercise for the development of diction there will be a correction of speech defects on dictaphone records. Read an excerpt from the book, and then listen to the result. Note all the shortcomings and defects, next time try to correct them. Registration is required prior to receipt. perfect result. Now it is easy to do this using a computer, tablet, voice recorder or mobile phone.
EXERCISE #3. BREATH TRAINING
Shortness of breath is a known problem that we face even in everyday life. And on reports or public speaking, this looks losing, since the sentence turns out to be intermittent, the effect of the spoken words is not always expressed in in full. Diaphragm training will help get rid of this. One of the exercises for developing diction is to draw a vowel sound as you exhale. At first, breathing will be enough for a few seconds, but with constant training, you can reach 25 seconds. The next step in the exercise is to change the pitch of the voice. Breathing can also be trained by inflating balloons.
EXERCISE №4. REPETITION OF DIFFICULTY SOUND COMBINATIONS
Using hard-to-pronounce sound combinations, words and phrases, you can significantly improve diction.
1. Say difficult combinations of sounds at first slowly, then faster:
Tlz, jr, vrzh, mkrtch, kpt, kft, ksht, kst, kshch, kzhda, kkzhde, kzhdo, kzhdu, kshta, kshte, kshtu, kshto.
2. Say words with difficult consonant combinations slowly at first, then faster:
Stay awake, philosophize, postscript, invigorate, transplantation, supersonic, tousled, counter-break, explosion point, protestantism, stir up, over-alarmed, hit the barrel, department, hose, supersonic, ornate, philosophize, monster, snort a lot.
3. Practice pronunciation of long consonants:
A) To Clara, to whom, to the throat, to the tour, to Galya, to Katya, to Kiev, to the end, to the city, distant, get involved, give, kindle, vent, get rid of, without a fur coat, ruthless, immortality, restore, confirm, repel;
B) Top - up, leading - introduction, push - push, hold - support, drag - pull, water - introductory, litter - quarrel.
4. Work on the combination of sounds can be carried out in the form of a game, using onomatopoeia:
A) Hammer nails: Gbdu! Gbdo! Gbde! Gbdy! Gbda! Gbdi! Gbde!
B) Imitate a horse's stomp: Ptku! Ptko! bird! Birds! Ptke! Birds!
C) Throw imaginary plates to your partner: Kchku! Wow! Kchke! Kchka! Kchky! Kchki!
5. Say phrases consisting of stressed syllables, first slowly, then quickly:
At that hour, a thrush sang here. That year there was a hail. The oak was old. Everyone loved Peter. Instantly the club is full. The moss hid the mushroom. Grandpa got old. Your guest took the cane. Waves splash - splash sparkle! Jump a hundred miles.
Diction is a clear, precise, distinct pronunciation of words, phrases, sentences. It determines the intelligibility of speech and its perception by other people. Developed diction needed in everyday life when communicating with others, for successful career growth in many areas of business, and what can we say about people whose profession requires them to have a delivered speech (singers, announcers, speakers, actors, etc.).
Another question - how to develop diction - contains a deeper meaning, so we will consider several ways to comprehensively improve this skill.
The development of diction involves work on the production of voice and correct breathing. To do this, you can perform a number of exercises on your own:
- We develop breathing. Stand up straight, put your feet shoulder-width apart, put one hand on your chest, and the other on your stomach. Breathe slowly, feeling the air flow. You should push your stomach forward, while the chest should remain motionless. This is how you design the diaphragm.
- While in the same position, inhale as much air as possible with a sharp movement of the nose. Hold your breath for 3-5 seconds and exhale sharply through your mouth.
- Breathe in as much air as possible through your mouth. As you exhale, pronounce the consonants (a, o, y, s, e, and), as if stretching them out. You will end up with a continuous stream of smooth transitions (“ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!! Try to make each letter sound loud and clear.
- Keep your mouth closed throughout this exercise. Inhale as hard as you can through your nose. As you exhale, try to “moo”, tightening the letter “m”. Control that this action lasts a long time, and the sound is as loud as possible.
- Breathe in more air, and as you exhale, "roar" by pronouncing the letter "r". Not the fact that it will work the first time, but after several attempts you will see the result.
Breathing should be practiced regularly. These exercises will not take more than 15-20 minutes a day (spend no more than 3 minutes on each task). Practice in front of a mirror and make sure you do it right. Our body does not always do exactly what we want it to do.
We develop diction
Simultaneously with the production of the voice, diction and speech can be developed. For these purposes, tongue twisters are best suited. But before pronouncing them, you need to properly stretch the muscles of the tongue, face, articulatory apparatus and lips. The following exercises will help you do this:
- Stick your tongue out as far as you can. Then return it to its original position. Continue to perform these manipulations for 2-3 minutes.
- Push your cheek with your tongue. You should seem to "prick" her. Do the same with the second cheek. Continue doing the steps for 4 minutes.
- Keep your mouth closed. Start moving your tongue as if brushing your teeth with it. inside. Do this continuously and intensely for 3 minutes.
- Stick out your tongue and perform rotational movements with it. Do 20 times to the right and the same to the left.
- In this exercise, we develop the muscles of the lips. We stretch them into the shape of a duck (tube), then stretch a wide smile. We alternate these movements for 2 minutes.
- Puff out your cheeks. Start twisting the resulting imaginary "bubble" in a circle. Perform the action for at least 3 minutes.
- Lightly bite your lower teeth on your upper lip and vice versa. Practice in front of a mirror to control yourself. The exercise lasts at least 3 minutes.
- Very effective method- this is the construction of all kinds of faces. Make faces, bulge your eyes, show your tongue. Do whatever you can think of with your face, let yourself be fooled. It is better to do this in front of a mirror for 3 minutes.
It is very useful to do these exercises before public speaking to stretch the muscles and articulatory apparatus.
After warming up, you can proceed directly to tongue twisters. Here are some of the most effective:
- The tycoon Yegor was sunbathing on the mountain, a magnet fell on the tycoon Yegor.
- Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass. Don't cut wood, but drink wood.
- Tell me about phrases. About what tongue twisters? About tongue twisters, about tongue twisters, about my tongue twisters!
- Tell me about sausages! About what about sausages? Maybe about shopping? Ah, yes, about shopping.
- The transplantation of the hose was amateurish.
To develop intelligible speech, you can use not only these tongue twisters. For diction, any that you can find will do. Say them more often, but only after warming up. There are invented ones, having learned which you will definitely significantly improve your diction. You can also do it yourself.
Here are some more effective exercises for developing diction:
- Read your favorite poem, sharply emphasizing the intonational ending of each word.
- Open a regular Russian dictionary. Choose the words that seem the most difficult for you to pronounce. Repeat them until you can pronounce each of them without difficulty.
- Stand in front of a mirror and recite an excerpt from your favorite prose work. Control pronunciation, emotionality, facial expressions.
- If tongue twisters seem too easy for you, put a few small nuts in your mouth before pronouncing them. Now speak as close as possible to the correct pronunciation.
- Read an excerpt from your favorite book with your mouth closed.
- If you play sports, the following exercise will suit you. Put on your headphones and repeat everything they say on the player (lyrics or audio book) while you run. This makes pronunciation difficult. But do not shout too loudly so as not to frighten others.
Competent speech cannot be developed by performing only the above exercises. Do you want to check how delivered and developed your speech is? Put yourself in the place of your listener. Are you erudite and self-confident enough to want to listen to you for hours? If the answer is no, you have work to do.
We figured out how to develop diction, now we will try to develop our speech and make it rich. There are some methods for this:
You can achieve noticeable results in the development of your diction and at the same time deliver a speech in about 3 months, taking into account everyday activities.
Stanislavsky on the development of diction
According to Stanislavsky, the word is the most concrete expression of a person's thoughts. He talks about how to develop diction in three sections of the second volume of The Actor's Work on Oneself. Below are the rules and exercises based on the recommendations of Stanislavsky:
- Often we attend lectures, seminars, trainings, but we simply fall asleep on them because we are bored. At the same time, the lecturer speaks clearly and understandably, he does not have speech defects. The problem lies in emotional coloring. Read and speak expressively.
- You need to be able to speak in different tones. The following exercise will help develop this skill. Read the poem aloud in such a way that one line sounds loudly, the second - quietly, and so on until the end of the work.
- You can train in the manifestation of different emotions by reading the same phrase, but with different emotional connotations. For example, you can say the same thing with sadness, joy, despair, anger, surprise.
It is not as difficult to deliver diction and speech as it is to learn to work with emotions.
listen to yourself
How to understand that diction and voice have improved that you are working in right direction? Of course, you need to listen to yourself. Record your speech on a voice recorder and evaluate what has changed, what you have achieved, and what else needs to be corrected. Draw conclusions about how to develop diction specifically in your case, what to put pressure on, and what to pay less attention to.
It is desirable to evaluate the voice with a “fresh head”, that is, a few hours after speech training, having completely rested and being in good mood. Then the assessment will be more objective, and you will understand how to develop diction and avoid new mistakes. Record your voice until the pronunciation seems perfect to you.
We figured out how to develop your diction, how to properly train speech and make it emotional. Practice regularly, and even at home you will be able to achieve significant results and no longer dwell on the problem that worries you - how to set and train diction.
6 6 731 0
Some people think that they have no problems with diction, and this is true. However, when they come, for example, to get a job on television or as a radio presenter, they can immediately be answered that for this it is necessary to improve diction. What methods can easily and quickly improve the level of diction? There are several ways to help solve this problem in a short time.
You will need:
First Steps to Persuasive Speaking
To speak confidently, beautifully and harmoniously, you need to perform a number of certain exercises. The first step is to learn how to pronounce explosive sounds well and clearly. Of course, if deaf consonants are inaudible, then the level of diction will drop significantly. Due to the fact that the voiceless sounds themselves, in their structure, are quite quiet and incomprehensible, they must be pronounced much better than other vowels.
For example: p, t, k.
Speak deaf sounds without a voice, but with great activity, as if exploding these sounds. After the exercise, say the same sounds, but with a voice. This can be done by using consonants that follow the deaf ones.
For example, by, then, to, etc.
After the exercises done, connect voiced vowels and hissing.
A book and reading aloud is a great helper in improving diction
Second and very big mistake many is the incorrect pronunciation of the letter "G".
Cuckoo cuckoo bought a hood
Lisping speech is an unforgivable mistake. Of course, if a person has an improperly developed bite or has a piercing in the tongue, then this is forgivable. However, it often happens that neither one nor the other is observed, respectively, the weak language is the culprit.
To solve this problem it is necessary to do exercises not only for hissing sounds. For example, you need to learn how to pronounce the sound “C” accurately and clearly.
It is also necessary to learn how to relax the muscles of the mouth and strain the tongue. You can do it like this:
- smile so that you can see your teeth;
- pull out the tongue a little;
- blow some air with your mouth onto the tip of your tongue to hear a small whistle (such a whistle is similar to the pronunciation of the letter "C").
Need to see your mistakes directly
good exercise is reading and talking in front of a mirror.
This is necessary so that you yourself see your mistakes and see for yourself how your mouth muscles work. If you pronounce sounds and words, phrases in front of a mirror with diligent force, that is, make movements more plastic and strong, open your mouth more, etc., then over time you will hear that the level of your diction has increased significantly. And after such exercises, it will be much easier for you to pronounce certain sounds.
Use third party items
Do exercises with foreign objects.
- For example, you can put small nuts in your mouth and speak tongue twisters with nuts in your mouth, while pronouncing each sound well.
- You can also use, for example, a pen. Hold the pen with your lips or teeth, and then also start reading tongue twisters by yourself.
It is worth considering that the first time is unlikely to succeed, but you do not need to give up ahead of time. With long training, everything will work out. In addition, the first time should not be in a hurry.
It is better to pronounce each word at a slow pace, but clearly and clearly.
Roto-pharyngeal gymnastics
Exercise challenge- activate the work of the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx, strengthen their neuromuscular base, release the neck and neck muscles from muscle clamping.
A good effect in the development of phonation breathing, the education of a speech voice is given by a speech uttered to oneself. It can be used not only in breathing exercises and exercises with texts, but above all in intrapharyngeal articulation (exercise 10-13).
Very useful exercises with the pronunciation of nasal consonants with a pinched nose. They reflexively cause a strong raising of the palatine curtain, activate it, eliminate congestion, because the air wave that has encountered an obstacle (pinched nose) during normal pronunciation of the text involuntarily “throws” the sound forward and relieves tension from the larynx. During the initial training, it is more convenient to speak only the first half of the tongue twister with a pinched nose, immediately pronounce it freely, then pronounce the second half of the text with the same techniques (Ex. 14–15).
Exercises.
1. “I want to yawn, but I don’t yawn.”
Become straight, legs slightly apart, body position - “on a peg”. The beginning of a yawn: I want to yawn, but I do not yawn. The tongue lies flat against the lower front teeth; slightly opening your mouth, pull in the air, widely opening the pharynx; during a yawn, the tongue, strongly bending down, is pulled back and tenses; the palatine curtain at the same time is raised, forming smooth edges of the vault. Hold the larynx in such a tense position for 4-5 seconds, then lower the palatine curtain, relaxing the muscles of the larynx. Repeat 3-4 times. This exercise strengthens the soft palate, expands the larynx, is the prevention of acute respiratory infections.
2. Examine the cavity of the pharynx in front of the mirror, while exhaling to “AH - AH - AH, OH - OH - OH, EC - EC - EC", while the vowels are articulated without a sound, while the sound “X” should be heard distinctly.
3. "I want to pronounce the sound" A ", but I can not."
The starting position is the same; the lower jaw is lowered down as when pronouncing the sound "A"; the tongue lies flat on the bottom of the mouth, pulling back. The palatine curtain is strongly raised and tense, (silent articulation of the sound "A"). Hold the larynx in this position for 4-5 seconds. Repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
4. "I want to pronounce the sound" P ", but I can not."
The starting position is the same; the lips are tightly closed and tense, the teeth are open, the tongue lies below, strongly pulled back by the root of the tongue, while the pharynx opens. The velum of the palate is actively raised and tense, forming an even vault and a high dome. Trying to pronounce the sound “P” with a strong tension of the lips, as if to break through the barrier, but not to perform this movement.
5. Rinsing the larynx with vowel sounds - E - A - O– U - Y - I. The starting position is the same. Only the muscles of the larynx take part in articulation, the lips remain motionless. Mentally follow the work of the pharynx.
6. The starting position is the same. Lower your head down and try to open the pharynx as wide as possible. Repeat 5 times.
7. The starting position is the same. Quietly tilt your head back, while not pulling your neck (feeling of a “thick neck”), and try to open your pharynx wider. Repeat 5 times.
8. The starting position is the same. Turn your head to the right and left, trying to open the pharynx as wide as possible. Repeat 5 times.
9. The starting position is the same. Tilt the body body forward and backward, trying to open the pharynx as wide as possible. Repeat 5 times.
10. Stand straight, legs slightly apart, arms hanging freely along the body (body position “on a peg”): several times in a row, slowly and quietly pronounce explosive consonants k-g, k-g, k-g... g-k, g-k, g-k... Then mentally pronounce the vowels a-uh-oh. During the mental pronunciation of vowels, focus all attention on the work of the pharynx. Repeat 4-6 times.
11. The starting position is the same; repeat the previous exercise, but during the mental pronunciation of vowels, tilt your head down until the chin touches the sternum; return to starting position (head straight).
12. Do the same exercise, mentally pronouncing the vowels uh-oh slightly tilting the head back, as well as while tilting the head to the right and left shoulder, then return to the starting position. It is useful to do these and similar exercises after hygienic and vibrational massages in the neck and chest area.
13. The starting position is the same; make soft, free, slow circular movements of the head from right to left and left to right, pronouncing in turn the following combinations of consonants with vowels: gmi - gma - gmo - gmu; zmi - zma - zmo - zmu; bma - bmo - bzhu; vmi - vma - vmo - to him; rot - gna - gno - wildebeest; know - know - know - know; bni - bna - bno - bnu; vni - vna - vno - vnu.
Repeat 5 times. In the future, you can use the texts of tongue twisters and proverbs in these and similar exercises.
14. "Our Polkan from Baikal lakal."
Pronounce this text, holding your nose with the thumb and forefinger of your right hand, then pronounce it freely, without clamping; do the same with the second half of the text: "Polkan lapped, Baikal did not shallow."
15. “On the shallows we lazily caught burbot, / on the shallows we caught tench.
Didn't you kindly pray for love / and beckoned me into the fogs of the estuary.
It is performed similarly to the previous exercise. This exercise is especially useful for frequent colds or for a bad habit of speaking through the nose.
Setting the correct sound position
16. "Moan".
Starting position: lie down with your body on the table, relax, hang your hands like whips from the table top down; the head lies on the table cheek down; legs bent at the knees are also relaxed touching the floor; the lower abdomen rests against the edge of the table top.
Imagine that everything hurts you: your head, your throat ... You need to call someone from your relatives who are in the same room, draw their attention to yourself. The vocal effort, especially associated with the physical tension of the larynx, causes pain. Say: “mmmm…mmmmmm….mmm…” The groan should be similar to a slight lowing that arose at the “tips” of the covered lips. Breathing should be active enough. Do not strain the larynx, only the respiratory muscles and lips are active.
17. "Cradle"
Sit comfortably and freely, maintaining the correct posture. Imagine that you are lulling a baby. You are tired, you yourself want to sleep, but the baby still does not fall asleep. Lull him with a quiet moo through closed lips: “mmmm…mmm…. MMM…" but don't sing. The sound is born at the "tips" of the lips. Swing a little to the beat of the cradle.
Then complicate the exercise by releasing the vowel sound "a" at the end of each consonance: “mmmm…mmm…mmm…”. Vowel sounds seem to be blown out through slightly collected lips, as if for a whistle.
18. "Roll call in the forest."
Imagine that you are in a forest. Call friends nearby: "Aaaah-ayyyl" The voice should sound softly, without tension, resembling a distant echo on the echo. Do not open your mouth too wide, sounds should not occur in the oral cavity, but at the “tips” of the lips. No one answered ... Call a little more actively: “Hey-hey-hey!» No one again... Call even louder: "Oooh-hoo-hoo!" Make sure that the sound remains on the lips.
19. "Coal miners".
Imagine that you are selling coals. At first, quietly, without tension, monotonously, on one note, draw the word “uuuu-gliiiiiii, uuuuu-gliiiiiii, uuuuu-gliiiiiiiiii…”. Sounds should appear at the “tips” of the lips, then you can increase the strength of the sound, gradually bringing it up to the loudest sound, and back, gradually reducing the sound, bring it to a quiet sound. Make sure that the sound remains on the lips. Feel how, leaning on the diaphragm, it forms a sound wave, where the strength of the sound depends on the density of the tension of the diaphragm and the ability to keep the chest in an expanded position for as long as possible.
Exercises to relieve tension in the occipital muscles:
20. Stand straight, legs slightly apart, arms hanging freely along the body: tilting your head back with a slight movement, pronounce the following sound combinations: GAI, MAI, NAI, WAI, GIVE.
21. The starting position is the same; raising your shoulders up, pronounce sound combinations: AMBA, AN DA, AVDA, AL GA.
22. The starting position is the same: “rolling” the thrown back head to the right, then to the left, pronounce the following sounds: MMMMM, NNNN, LLLL, RRRR.
Exercises to remove clamps of the lower jaw
23. Become straight, legs slightly apart. The position of the body "on the peg", right hand support the elbow of the left hand, so that the left fist rests on the lower jaw, creating resistance to it.
24. Gently lowering the lower jaw, pronounce the following sound combinations: AAAM, AAAN, AAAL.
25. Stand straight, legs slightly apart, grab the lower jaw with the chin with the right hand, put the palm of the left hand on the back of the head: pronounce the words with the shock "A", while creating and relieving pressure while pronouncing the words steam, gift, heat, card, school desk, stick, fortune teller etc.
26. Sitting on a chair at the table, put your chin on the table, hands lie freely on your knees. Without lifting your chin from the table, pronounce the following sound combinations as if upward: AMBA, AN DA, AR DA, ARBA, ALGA.
27. Become straight, the position of the body is “on a peg”, hands hang freely along the body; check the freedom of the neck muscles by turning the head to the right, to the left, tilting the head up, down.
28. Say aloud, trying to speak quietly, the following sound combinations:
MMMMMMMAM, MMMMMMMEM, MMMMMMMOM;
NNNNNNNAN, NNNNNNNAN, NNNNNNNON;
ZZZZZZZAM, ZZZZZZZEM, ZZZZZZZOM; ZZZZZZZAN, ZZZZZZZEN, ZZZZZZZON;
VVVVVVAM, VVVVVVEM, VVVVVVOM; WWWWWWWWAN.
VVVVVVVEN, VVVVVVVON
LLLLLLAM, LLLLLLLM, LLLLLLAM;
LLLLLLLAN, LLLLLLLLAN, LLLLLLLLON.
While pronouncing these combinations, lightly stroke the neck and upper chest (straight or to the sides to the armpits) either with the left or with the right hand from top to bottom.
Articulation gymnastics for lips.
29. Pull the lips into a tube, stretch in a smile - the corners of the lips up (repeat 5-6 times).
30. Pull the lips into a tube, stretch in a smile - the corners of the lips down (repeat 5-6 times).
31. Pull lips into a tube - movement of the tube to the right, left, up, down, circular movements of the tube clockwise and counterclockwise (the lower jaw is motionless).
32. Slide your upper lip along upper teeth, exposing the teeth, while the lip is pressed tightly against the teeth (repeat 5-6 times).
33. Slide the lower lip over the lower teeth, exposing the teeth, while the lip is pressed tightly against the teeth without protruding (repeat 5-6 times).
34. Variable sliding of the upper and lower lips over the upper and lower teeth (repeat 5–6 times).
35. Simultaneous sliding of the upper and lower lips over the upper and lower teeth (repeat 5-6 times).
36. Make a sound on the exhale P-P-P-P-P...
37. Make a sound on the exhale B-B-B-B-B…
38. Exhale alternately sounds P and B: P-B-P-B-P-B-P-B-BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB…(track, so that the lips are pressed to the teeth, and the cheeks do not swell).
Articulatory gymnastics for the tongue.
39. Tongue lies flat on the lower lip (mouth slightly open); pull the root of the tongue as far back as possible, return to its original position (repeat 5-6 times).
40. Massage with the tip of the tongue of the hard palate along and across, with circular movements of the tongue to the right and left side(lower jaw is immobile).
41. Mouth closed, teeth open; the tongue moves to the right, to the left, resting with the tip on the right and left cheeks (the lower jaw is motionless).
42. Tongue lies flat on the lower lip (mouth slightly open); touch the upper alveoli with the tip of the tongue, take the starting position; touch the tip of the tongue to the middle part of the hard palate, take the starting position; touch the back of the hard palate with the tip of the tongue, take the starting position (repeat 5-6 times).
43. Mouth closed; touch, barely touching with the tip of the tongue, the upper front teeth - I.P .; strongly rest with the tip of the tongue on the upper front teeth - I.P. (repeat 5-6 times).
44. Massage the outer side of the gums with the tongue clockwise and counterclockwise; the lower jaw is motionless (repeated 5-6 times in one and the other side).
45. Mouth ajar; touch the tip of the tongue to the upper lip, right corner of the mouth, lower lip, left corner of the mouth; the same in reverse; the lower jaw is immobile (repeated 5–6 times).
46. Mouth open to sound A, the distance between the teeth is 2 fingers, stick out the tongue with a sting (make sure that it does not lie on the lower lip, but is on weight); the tongue moves to the right, to the left, as if trying to reach the right and left ears; the tongue moves up and down, as if trying to reach the tip of the nose and chin; circular movements of the tongue to the right and left sides.
47. Stick out the tongue spatulate as far as possible, roll it into a tube and pull it into the oral cavity with the root of the tongue as deep as possible, drawing in air (repeat 5-6 times).
48. Pronounce deaf sounds without the participation of the voice, and voiced sounds with the participation of the vocal folds: T-T-T-T-T; D-D-D-D-D; DDDDDDD…; T-T-T-T-T-T; D-D-D-D-D; TR-TR-TR-TR-TR; DR-DR-DR-DR-DR; TR-DR, TR-DR, TR-DR, TR-DR, TR-DR; RRRRRRRRR… RrRrRrRrRr..; RRRRR-RrRrRrRrRi, RRRRR-RiRrRiRiRi, RRRRR-RiRiRiRiRi; C-C-CCC; 3-3-3-3-3; P-3, P-3, P-3, P-3, P-3; SSSSS, 33333..; H-H-H-H-H; Shch-shch-shch-shch; Ch-Sch, Ch-Sch, Ch-Sch, Ch-Sch, Ch-Sch; SHCHSHCHSHCH..; F-F-F-F-F; Sh-Sh-Sh-Sh-Sh; SH-F, SH-F, SH-F, SH-F, SH-F; K-K-K-K-K; Y-Y-Y-Y-Y; X-X-X-X-X; K-G-X, K-G-X, K-G-X, E-A-O; K-G-X, K-G-X, K-G-X, E-A-O; K-G-X, K-G-X, K-G-X, E-A-O.
Articulation gymnastics for the lower jaw:
49. Mouth closed, lips closed; lower the lower jaw down to the distance of the sound A, take the starting position (repeat 5-6 times).
50. The lower jaw is slightly lowered down; smooth movement of the lower jaw to the right, left, forward, backward; circular movements of the lower jaw to the right and to the left (avoid sudden movements).
51. Take with the right hand left hand under the elbow, and with the fist of the left hand, support the lower jaw. Lower the lower jaw down against the resistance of the fist without sound and with sound combinations: ON, ON, HA; YES, YES, YES; MAY, MAY, MAY; GUY, GUY, GUY; GIVE, GIVE, GIVE(these exercises are good for removing the submandibular clamp).
You can't ignore your speech. In the vast majority of cases, people starting to deal with this issue are horrified by the way she talks.
I mean specifically the pronunciation. After all, we all grow up in a certain language group, where a specific local dialect or frank surzhik prevails.
For this reason, we have prepared a small material on the topic diction development. We were inspired to do this by indignation, caused by such words of some TV presenters as: “pasatrel” instead of “looked”, “skaal” instead of “said”, etc.
But at all times clear diction and correct speech were considered a sign of education and development of a person.
That is why you cannot be or count on if such simple things as diction are at an indecently low level.
By the way, we already talked about. Pay attention to them.
Let's take one last step. You must have heard the saying: “They meet by clothes, but see off by mind”. This is largely a fair observation. The same goes for diction.
When you first meet a stranger, he first of all pays attention to your appearance and manner of speaking.
If your words are chaotic, and their sound resembles a tape chewed in a tape recorder, then it is unlikely that a person will be imbued with sympathy or trust after the first communication.
Therefore, the importance of good diction for any person is difficult to overestimate.
How to improve diction
Before moving on to specific advice, you need to find out the meaning of the term itself.
Diction(from Latin dictio - pronunciation) - a clear pronunciation of sounds in accordance with the phonetic norms of the language.
To date, in many major cities there are various organizations that offer courses to improve diction and voice production.
Perhaps for some this is the only way to work on yourself. However, we are sure that with a little effort of will, you can even fix pronunciation problems at home.
The main thing here is to have perseverance, a desire to change, and regular practice. Everything else is a matter of time.
Therefore, we offer you the most effective methods diction improvement. Check them out and get started now.
Diction exercises
A classic example of working on oneself is the ancient Greek orator Demosthenes. This eminent Greek had a very bad pronunciation and was extremely ashamed of it.
I must say that this was the time when oratory, rhetoric and eloquence were valued almost as the highest values of the individual.
In order to overcome himself and achieve success, Demosthenes put small stones in his mouth and tried to recite famous poets as clearly as possible.
Then he ran up the steep slope of the mountain, and when his breath was not enough, he again read poetry, making incredible efforts on himself.
His last exercise was to shout over the surf. As the waves hit the shore, he spoke with all his might to an imaginary audience, continuing to recite poems to them.
These amusing and seemingly silly pursuits led to Demosthenes becoming one of the most prominent and famous orators in the world. To date, not a single book on the art of eloquence is complete without mentioning it.
So no matter how bad your speech today is, you can fix it, so go for it!
Now let's move on to the exercises themselves.
Training of the articulatory apparatus
- "Fence" - close your teeth and smile broadly. Hold this position for ten seconds and return to the starting position. Make sure that the upper and lower row of teeth are clearly visible. Repeat the exercise several times.
- "Tubule" - without opening your teeth, pull your lips forward. At the same time, you can pull the sound “oooo” for ten seconds. Repeat the exercise.
- "Needle" - open your mouth and stretch your sharp tongue as far as possible. Hold this position for five seconds. Then relax your muscles. Repeat several times.
- “Damn” - show your reflection your tongue by placing it on your lower lip and making it as wide as possible. Repeat.
- "Licking lips" - relax the lower jaw and try to keep it in one position. Lick your upper lip, stretching out your tongue as much as possible. Repeat the same action with the lower lip.
- "Swing" - touch the tongue alternately with the upper and lower lips. Do the exercise at a slow pace and try not to move your chin.
- "Hamster" - close your lips and press the inside of your tongue on your cheek for five seconds. Repeat the manipulation with the other cheek.
Breathing training
Therefore, pay at least a little attention to this, especially since there is nothing complicated here. Breathing gymnastics There are hundreds of them, which one to choose is up to you.
- Stand straight, feet shoulder-width apart. Take a deep breath, and then, slowly exhaling the air, calmly read any quatrain. Repeat several times.
- Learn to breathe with your belly. We will not go into the subtleties of the physiological structure of the diaphragm, but simply explain: while inhaling, imagine that the air enters the stomach, and not the lungs. This is a very important, and perhaps the main point in breathing exercises.
- If you walk a lot, try reciting poems while walking so that your breathing does not interfere with you. The body itself will prompt the necessary rhythm.
- This exercise can be done in any position of the body. Take a deep breath, and then, slowly exhaling the air, draw the sound "mmmm". Alternate it with the sounds "m-m-m-e-e-e", "m-m-m-o-o-o", "m-m-m-u-u-u", "m-m -m-a-a-a", "m-m-m-s-s-s", "m-m-m-i-i-i".
It is important to understand here that when doing exercises for diction, breathing plays not some kind of mystical role, but quite a physiological one. Therefore, the most important thing is that your realize the importance of breathing exercises.
Watching your breath for at least a few minutes a day, you will be surprised at the results.
Patter for the development of diction
The tongue twisters that are used to develop diction are very different. You can find a lot of them on the Internet. In principle, it does not play a big role which tongue twisters you use.
The main thing is that they train the pronunciation of all the letters of the alphabet.
Below we give classic tongue twisters that activate all the muscles of the speech apparatus of a Russian-speaking person.
Keep in mind that all pictures are optimized for social networks, so you can safely save them to your wall.
By the way, you may like the popular tongue twister about the Japanese:. Be sure to read it!
And for true connoisseurs, we have prepared in Russian.
Finally, here is a poem famous poet Valery Bryusov, which is often used by announcers to prepare for a speech. It includes hard-to-pronounce words that help to do high-quality gymnastics of the speech apparatus.
And if you do not like tongue twisters, then for the development of diction it will be enough to read this verse regularly.
Storm from the shore
If this article was useful for you and you like it, save it in the social. networks and subscribe to any convenient way. It's always interesting with us!
Liked the post? Press any button: