Siberia is one of the most mysterious and harsh regions Russian Federation. Here is the famous Lake Baikal, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is equal to the area of the Netherlands. On its territory is located Vasyugan swamp - the largest in the world. The area of Siberia is about 9.8 million square meters. km, which is more than half of the entire territory of Russia. It is located in the northeastern part of Eurasia. What regions is its vast territory divided into?
Regions of Siberia: list
Siberia includes the following territories. First, these are the republics: Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia. Secondly, Transbaikal, Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky, Khabarovsk. And also the official division of Siberia includes the regions: Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Tyumen.
Territory of Western Siberia
No less vast territory is occupied by the regions Western Siberia. The list will include the following territories: Altai Territory, Tyumen, Tomsk, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions, part of Khakassia, and Kurgan region. One of the most ancient territories, which was inhabited by people about 1.5 million years ago, is Altai. Its length from west to east is about 600 km. The largest rivers not only in Russia, but throughout the world flow here. These are the Ob, Biya, Katun, Charysh. For example, the area of the Ob basin is about 70% of the entire Altai Territory.
Regions of Siberia: Eastern part
The territory of Eastern Siberia includes the lands of Buryatia, Zabaikalsky, Irkutsk region, as well as Tyva, Khakassia, Yakutia. The development of this area dates back to the 18th century. Then, by decree of Emperor Peter I, a prison was built on the territory of modern Khakassia. This time, namely 1707, is considered the date of the annexation of the Republic of Khakassia to the territory of Russia. The locals that the Russians discovered in Siberia were shamans. They believed that the Universe is inhabited by special spirits - masters.
The Republic of Buryatia with its capital in the city of Ulan-Ude is considered one of the most picturesque regions of Siberia. Here are huge mountain ranges Mountains occupy an area four times the area of the plains. A significant part of the Buryat border runs along the waters of Lake Baikal.
The Republic of Sakha is ahead of all regions of Siberia and the Far East in its size. Moreover, Yakutia is also the largest region of Russia. More than 40 percent of its territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. About 80% of the territory of Yakutia is occupied by taiga.
Omsk and Tomsk regions
The main city of the Omsk region is Omsk. Geographically, this area is a flat area with a continental climate. Here are taiga forests, forest-steppes and steppes. The forest occupies about 24% of the entire territory of the region. The territory with the center in the city of Tomsk is one of the most inaccessible. After all, most of it is represented by taiga forests. There are a large number of deposits of valuable natural resources: oil, gas, metals and peat.
Tyumen and Novosibirsk regions
The Tyumen region is located on a flat territory. In terms of its area, among the administrative subjects of Russia, it is located in third place, in the Arctic, tundra and forest-tundra regions. Here lie the main reserves of oil and gas in Russia. The Novosibirsk region is famous for its rivers. About 350 rivers are located on its territory, and the main water artery, the Ob, also flows. There are also more than 3 thousand lakes here. areas - continental. For the first time it was inhabited by representatives of the Mongoloid tribes in the 7th-6th centuries. BC e.
Transbaikalia
The regions of Siberia amaze with their beauty and therefore are always attractive for tourists. One of these territories is the Trans-Baikal Territory. It is located on the eastern and southeastern territory of Lake Baikal. Its center is the city of Chita. There are very long and severe winters here, and the warm season, on the contrary, is fleeting.
Far East and Western Siberia
On the Far East most of the Russian rivers are located, the mouths of which flow into the Pacific Ocean. Only about 5% of the population of Russia lives here. Sometimes the region of Transbaikalia is also referred to this territory. Since the regions of Siberia are known for their vastness, disputes often arise over the division of its lands.
Western Siberia is located on a vast West Siberian Plain. Its area is about 2.6 million square meters. km. It also contains a large number of natural resources- mineral. There are about 2 thousand river arteries here.
Siberia. This is a historical and geographical area within the Asian part of Russia, which was settled in the Stone Age. In natural terms, Western Siberia stands out and Eastern Siberia. Eastern occupies the territory from the Yenisei to the ridges of the Pacific watershed. The climate is mostly severe, sharply continental.
Regions of Siberia
Siberian customs
The customs and traditions of the local population are rooted in cultural heritage ancient peoples inhabiting the territory of modern Baikal region in the past. Some of the customs are echoes of ancient shamanic and Buddhist rites. Among them is the developed obo cult, the cult of mountains, the worship of the Eternal Blue Sky (Khuhe Munhe tengri). It is necessary to stop near the obo and respectfully present gifts to the spirits. If you do not stop at the obo and do not make a sacrifice, there will be no luck. According to the Buryats, each mountain and valley has its own spirit.
The Buryats have a custom to “splash” the spirits of the area. As a rule, before drinking alcohol, they drip a little on the table from a glass or with one finger, usually ring finger, lightly touch the alcohol and sprinkle it upwards. Accept the fact that in the most unexpected places during the trip you will have to stop and “splash” alcohol.
There are certain rules when visiting Buryat yurts. When entering a Buryat yurt, one should not step on the threshold of the yurt, it is considered impolite. Weapons and luggage, as a sign of their good intentions, must be left outside. You can not enter the yurt with any burden. The northern half of the yurt is considered more honorable; guests are received here. You can not sit arbitrarily without an invitation on the northern honorary side. The eastern half of the yurt (as a rule, to the right of the door, the entrance of the yurt is always facing south) is considered female, the left half is male. This division continues to this day.
The practice of hospitality. Bringing tea to the guest, the hostess, as a sign of respect, gives the bowl with both hands. The guest must also accept it with both hands - by this he shows respect for the house.
At tailagans or shamanic rites, one should not strive to touch shamanic clothes, a tambourine, and even more so to put on oneself from shamanic attributes in order to be photographed. There is a belief that some items, especially those associated with magic, carry a certain amount of power. It is strictly forbidden common man for the sake of entertainment, say aloud shamanistic prayers (durdalga).
Siberian cuisine. A special local highlight is the low-salted Baikal omul, Siberian dumplings and Siberian meat are also widely known.
“Siberia… Far and close at the same time. If you get by train - far away, on foot - and even further. Closer by plane. And very close - with the soul, ”wrote the Russian publicist Yegor Isaev. With Mazda6 we were lucky enough to look into the very heart of Siberia, its former capital - the glorious city of Tobolsk.
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- Moscow city
- City of Tobolsk
Not of this world
Still, it is no coincidence that the ancestors believed that the lot of Russia was "not of this world." Whatever one may say, our primary task was not to arrange our life in the way that our neighbors in the West did, because Holy Russia looked forward to only one thing - a return to the Kingdom of Heaven. All ancient Russian culture is the way to Heaven. Great-grandfathers knew: a person will not build paradise on earth, even if you crack. Here are the cities, our cities are solid metaphysics. Perhaps, perhaps the most “non-worldly” of all Russian cities is Tobolsk. Nowhere did legends and prophecies come true as they did in the history of the Tobolsk land. No other provincial city has linked so many glorious and famous people, as connected the old capital of Siberia - the city of Tobolsk. Yes, under what circumstances! But more on that later.
Winter Tobolsk greeted us sternly: in a frosty spirit, in snow-white clothes, with an angry face. And he did not flirt with the cheerful Siberian sun at all.
Winter Tobolsk greeted us sternly: in a frosty spirit, in snow-white clothes, with a gray angry face. And contrary to expectations, he did not flirt with the vigorous Siberian sun at all. Resembling a gray-haired, grumpy old man who smells of a stove and shag, Tobolsk seemed to frown at us, checking for lice: what are you, whose will you be, what did you complain about? Then the “old man” will blush and spread in a good-natured smile, then the sun will peek out, and the sedate views of the Irtysh will open, and wide tables will appear, richly laid according to Siberian law. In the meantime, our Mazda6 quietly crept along the snow-covered streets of the ancient city, and we carefully looked at the local decoration, breathing in with all our hearts amazing story these places.
"Born unknown soul famous"
The very fact of the emergence of this city and its background give rise to a lot of mysteries that begin with the personality of the one who is considered to be the "conqueror of Siberia" - Ermak Timofeevich Alenin. Scientists have not yet come to a unanimous opinion what kind of character in Russian history this is, which only had seven names. Few people know that Yermak was also called Yermolai, Herman, Yermil, Vasily, Timothy and Yeremey. Who is this husband by origin, various chronicles tell in different ways. “Unknown by birth, famous in spirit,” says one of them. For the majority, he comes from the estates of the Stroganov industrialists on the Chusovaya River, who later went to “field” on the Volga and Don and became a Cossack chieftain. According to another version, he is a purebred Don Cossack from the Kachalinskaya village, according to the third version, he comes from the Pomors of the Boretsky volost, according to the fourth, he is a representative of a noble Turkic family.
In one of the chronicles
a description of the appearance of Yermak Timofeevich is given: “the great man is courageous, and humane, and transparent, and is pleased with all wisdom, flat-faced, black-bearded, middle age (that is, growth), and flat, and broad-shouldered.”
August 15, 1787
in a family of nobles in Tobolsk in the family of the vice-governor Alexander Vasilyevich Alyabyev, the great Russian composer Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev was born.
Another question: why did he go to Siberia anyway? For modern historians, three different versions have the right to life, each of which at the same time has its own weaknesses. Did Ivan the Terrible bless the Cossacks on the campaign to join new lands to their possessions, did the Stroganov industrialists equip Yermak to protect their towns from the raids of the Siberian Tatars, did the ataman arbitrarily go on a raid "for zipuns", that is, for the purpose of personal gain - historians argue still. Whatever the case, according to archival documents The ambassadorial order, Khan Kuchum, the owner of the Siberian Khanate, had an army of about ten thousand. How Yermak could conquer Siberia with a detachment, according to various sources, from 540 to 1636 people, remains a mystery. Although the Remezov Chronicle mentions the figure "5000", but here we are talking about the size of the stocks taken by the retinue ("for the opening of 5000 people") and only indicates that these stocks were very large.
angel palm
Let's return to the city from which Russian Siberia began. Its future capital arose in 1587, in a picturesque place on the banks of the Irtysh, seventeen kilometers from the former capital of the Khanate, where the significant battle of Yermak took place on the Chuvash Cape. According to legend, Tobolsk is blessed with the Holy Trinity, which is why it was founded on this Holiday. The first urban building was the Trinity Church, and the cape was named Trinity. Subsequently, this part of the city, located on the mountain, became known as the Upper Posad, and the one below - the Lower. The lower city has not changed much since pre-revolutionary times. The only touch is that the domes of churches and bell towers have thinned out, and the buildings have not changed much. To be convinced of this, it is enough to look at the old photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky.
Although by default Tobolsk was considered the capital of Siberia late XVI century, this title was officially secured by the Petrine reform of 1708, when Tobolsk became the administrative center of the largest Siberian province in Russia, which included the territory from Vyatka to Russian America. Up until the 18th century geographical maps Tobolsk is sometimes referred to as the "city of Siberia".
“The Siberian city of Tobolsk is like an angel! His right hand is a ward discharge. On the hand of having a lower tenure, left hand- the cathedral church and the wall of the stone pillar, the right side is the ravine to the Irtysh, the left side is the ridge and the Kurdyumka River, the right wing is the Tobol to the steppe, the left is the Irtysh. This angel is the joy of all Siberia and a fair decoration, and peace and silence with foreigners. These words belong to the boyar son, a native of Tobolsk, writer, historian, architect, builder, cartographer, icon painter Semyon Ulyanovich Remezov. It was he who designed and built the first stone Kremlin on Siberian soil. According to one version, when dying, Remezov bequeathed to grind his bones into powder, which was to be used as building material during the restoration of the Tobolsk Kremlin. Such is the "love for the native ashes."
The "Silver Age" of Tobolsk began in the first half of the 17th century - in 1621 the city became the center of the emerging Siberian diocese. The construction of a vast bishop's court and a wooden St. Sophia Cathedral began. With the growing importance of Tobolsk as the most important administrative, spiritual and cultural center of Siberia, the role of the Tobolsk Kremlin grew as a symbol of the greatness of the Russian state, covering more and more new lands. Maybe I experienced the notorious tourist complex, but, it should be noted, being on Cape Troitsky in the historical part of the Upper City, looking at the endless Siberian landscapes, you experience unforgettable sensations: the memory of the former heyday of this city and the legendary ancestors, the whole history of the fatherland, and indeed Time itself seemed to be frozen in these harsh places.
One of the legends speaks about the special grace given to the city by God. In the autumn of 1620, on the way to Tobolsk, the first diocese in Siberia, an angel of God appeared in a dream to the newly appointed Archbishop of Tobolsk, St. Cyprian. He covered the lower city with his luminous palm and commanded to build churches in the Lower Posad so that they would repeat it. The angel promised that in this case the grace of God would descend on the city and special people would be born here - “God-kissed”. And so it happened. One after another, they were built in Tobolsk according to the trace of the palm of the angel of the church: “And they flashed like sparks of God on the fingertips of the sacred palm.
The Russian exile began from Tobolsk. The first Tobolsk exile is the Uglich bell.
They did not have time to build a church only on the symbolic fifth finger. But the higher will turned out to be stronger, and another branch of Christianity completed and fulfilled the prophetic dream of Cyprian. It was not otherwise than according to the Highest Providence that it was built on the fifth finger catholic church, who completed the drawing "The Palms of an Angel" in Nizhny Tobolsk.
Indeed, Tobolsk gave the world a large number of famous people for such a relatively small town. Here are just a few of them: artist Vasily Perov, composer Alexander Alyabyev, philosopher Gavriil Batenkov, scientist Dmitry Mendeleev, the elder Grigory Rasputin, the founder of the Geneva School of Linguistics, linguist Sergei Kartsevsky, the inventor of television, the scientist Boris Grabovsky, the chief architect of the Ostankino Tower and the Luzhniki Stadium, Nikolai Nikitin, the actress Lidia Smirnova, the actor Alexander Abdulov.
The birthplace of Alexander Abdulov is Tobolsk, not Fergana, as many publications claim about the life of the actor. Alexander's father, Gavriil Danilovich, served as director and chief director at the Tobolsk Drama Theater.
The wooden house where the Abdulov family lived is still preserved in the foothills of the city. Gavriil Abdulov worked in Tobolsk from 1952 to 1956. And here in 1955 he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
Tobolsk native
the great encyclopedic scientist Dmitry Mendeleev is known as a chemist, physicist, metrologist, economist, technologist, geologist, meteorologist, teacher, balloonist, instrument maker.
During your exile
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky met in Tobolsk with the wives of the Decembrists, one of whom presented the writer with the old Gospel, which he kept all his life. In the final scene of Crime and Punishment (a conversation between the exiled Raskolnikov and Marmeladova), the surroundings of Tobolsk are recognizable.
Born in the village of Pokrovskoye, Tobolsk district, in the family of a coachman Efim Vilkin and Anna Parshukova. In the 1900s, among certain circles of St. Petersburg society, he had a reputation as an "old man", a seer and a healer.
Historically, in Russian Empire it was Tobolsk that became the first "exiled" city. And the first to go into exile was ... the Uglich bell, which sounded the alarm during the city uprising after the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible and the only legitimate heir to Tsar Fedor Ioannovich. Following the bell, Archpriest Avvakum, the Decembrists (along with their wives), Dostoevsky, Korolenko, the last Emperor Nicholas II, and tens of thousands of other exiles and convicts of the Russian Empire visited here.
Tobolsk suffered the fate of many pioneer Siberian cities. The gradual decline of the city is mainly associated with the transfer of the Siberian tract, when the nature of the development of Siberia changed and there was a shift in the population and economic life south, in the forest-steppe. The Trans-Siberian Railway passed through neighboring Tyumen, and from the second half of XIX century Tobolsk began to lose its former influence ...
Now a little more than a hundred thousand inhabitants live in Tobolsk. The city revives and even promises to grow again. In addition to the fact that the city-forming petrochemical plant "Tobolsk-Neftekhim" operates here, not far from the city, large enterprise for the production of polypropylene "Tobolsk-Polymer". The old capital of Siberia is in danger of becoming not only a tourist Mecca, but also a major industrial center. The history of Siberia continues, miracles are yet to come...
Lanterns in Tobolsk are a separate issue. Walking through the streets of the city, sometimes it seems that there are as many of them as there are stars in the sky. The thing is that in the city there is an enterprise for the manufacture of lanterns "Yugor", known far beyond the borders of Tobolsk and the Tyumen region. Yugorsky light is familiar to many cities of Russia. Siberian lanterns illuminate not only Tobolsk, but also the Moscow Kremlin and Sochi beaches...
Our shot has ripened everywhere
In 1582 Yermak won main battle on the Chuvash cape on the Irtysh, defeated Kuchum and occupied the capital of the Khanate - the city of Siber. From here arose the familiar name of our great expanses between the Urals and Pacific Ocean. True, after two years of possession, the Cossacks again lost their conquests back to Kuchum, but a year later they returned forever. And fifty years after the death of Yermak, the centurion Peter Beketov founded the Yakut prison on the banks of the Lena - the future city of Yakutsk. Four years later, another ataman, Ivan Moskvitin, was the first European to reach the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk. Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikov founded a winter hut here, which later grew into the first Russian port - the city of Okhotsk. Through severe frosts, thousands of kilometers of impenetrable taiga and swamps - in just half a century. Colonization North America Europeans walked for four hundred years - from the 16th to the 19th century. And even the Russians helped them in this. Alaska, Kodiak Island and the Aleutian Islands were explored and mapped in the middle of the 18th century thanks to the Second Kamchatka Expedition of Vitus Bering and Alexei Chirikov. Know ours!
Last link
August 6, 1917 at 6 o'clock in the afternoon Tobolsk met bell ringing the ship on which they arrived last in exile Russian emperor Nicholas II and his family. The exiled royal persons were settled in the governor's house, located not far from the pier. The family occupied the second floor of the building; on the first floor, a dining room and rooms for servants were arranged. In April 1918, the Romanovs, by order of the Council of People's Commissars and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, were transported to Yekaterinburg, and Tobolsk went down in history as "the city that did not kill the tsar." Currently, the city administration is in this house, which promises to release the historical monument soon to organize a museum of the royal family here.
Siberian "Mazdovod"
Mazda6 has become the main guide to the Siberian land, and we would like to put a special bow to the earth as a token of gratitude for the impeccable work in the severe Siberian winter. In addition, the “six” periodically hypnotized local residents, deservedly attracting the enthusiastic glances of local “Mazdovodov”, of which there were quite a lot in the Siberian expanses. One young man from Tobolsk on the previous Mazda model could not stand it and, having caught up with us at the traffic lights, he literally showered us with persistent questions about the new car. Eyes burned, curiosity ate, and the conversation dragged on, I had to turn on the emergency gang. Of course, we could not give up the coveted steering wheel to him, so it was not easy to part with him ...
Book Atlas des Enfans: Liempire Rousse, Imprimé à luniversité Imperiale de Moscow, 1771.
Here I don't even know what to say. I have not found any other information about this city. I wonder where the authors got this fact from? On the other hand, the book was printed in the printing house of Moscow University. Dedicated to some kind of Kriegs commissar Glebov. Probably passed the censorship. So they didn't just write.
It turns out that the same book was published under a different title: Experience of Russian geography. Imperial Moscow University, 1771. And there it is dedicated to all the governors of the then Russia, according to the list. And each sent a copy to correct errors and inaccuracies
Opening cities is my specialty, heh!
That's not all. The city of Tyumen used to be called differently. Again, this is not written anywhere else.
Book: Abulgachi-Bayadur-Khan Genealogical story about the Tatars, translated into French from a handwritten Tatar book, the work of Abulgachi-Bayadur Khan, and supplemented by a great number of reliable and curious notes about the direct current state of North Asia with the required geographical land maps, and from French into Russian at the Academy of Sciences. Published at the end of the 18th century. And part of the map from there. And the city of Siberia is very clearly visible on it.
The first Siberian king had, according to the chroniclers of the 17th century, a very interesting name - Ivan. Though there was Magmet's law. That's very interesting, what exactly is the law and not faith. This is not the first time I have come across this definition - the law. It is different from the concept of faith. And this is a completely different view of the events of that time.
Someone Genghis killed Ivan. Also Tatar. Miller, in his Description of the Siberian kingdom and all the cases that took place in it,: St. Petersburg: At Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1750. - Tatars are the first and most important people of Siberia.
In addition to them, on the Irtysh River, as follows from the text, the Chud people live.
The city of Siberia was founded by King Mamet somewhere at the end of the 15th century, judging by the text. And the kingdom of Siberia for many years was part of the kingdom of Kazan.
By the way, a very interesting point. Ivan the Terrible became the first tsar in Russia, and before that we had only princes. But the Siberian, Astrakhan, Kazan and Crimean rulers were originally called kings. Why so, it is not clear. There was something, which we now don’t even know about, that put these lands and their rulers higher than the Russian principalities in the then table of ranks. Yes that Kazan and Siberia. There was the Kasimov kingdom, right next to Moscow. And there was a king and not a prince.
At the end of the text interesting fact- the names of the sons of Kuchum do not coincide with the names recorded in our current history. I already wrote about the Siberian princes.
And now, if you re-read the entire text and estimate how much time has passed from Genghis to Kuchum, it turns out that it is not much. Years 100-150.
And finally. The then historian does not make any connection between Genghis and the Tatars, with whom Russia was constantly at war. And this is actually correct. I'll write about it anyway.
Between Ural mountains in the west and the channel of the Yenisei in the east is a vast territory called Western Siberia. Below is a list of cities in this area. The area occupied by the region is 15% of the entire territory of Russia. The population is 14.6 million people, according to 2010 data, which is 10% of the total population in the Russian Federation. It has a continental climate with severe winters and warm summers. On the territory of Western Siberia there are tundra, forest-tundra, forest, forest-steppe and steppe zone.
Novosibirsk
This city was founded in 1893. It is considered the largest city in Western Siberia and ranks third in terms of population in Russia. It is often called the Siberian capital. The population of Novosibirsk is 1.6 million people (as of 2017). The city is located on both banks of the Ob River.
Novosibirsk is also a major transport hub of Russia, the Trans-Siberian Railway. The city has many scientific buildings, libraries, universities and research institutes. This suggests that it is one of the cultural and scientific centers of the country.
Omsk
This city of Western Siberia was founded in 1716. From 1918 to 1920, the city was the capital of White Russia - a state under Kolchak, which did not last long. It is located on the left bank of the Om River, at its confluence with the Irtysh River. Omsk is considered a major transport hub, as well as the scientific and cultural center of Western Siberia. There are many cultural attractions that the city is interesting for tourists.
Tyumen
This oldest city in Western Siberia. Tyumen was founded in 1586 and is located 2000 kilometers from Moscow. It is the regional center of two districts: Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets, and together with them makes up the largest region in the Russian Federation. Tyumen is the energy center of Russia. The population of the city is 744 thousand people, according to 2017 data.
The Tyumen region is home to large-scale production of oil products, so it can rightfully be called the oil and gas capital of Russia. Companies such as Lukoil, Gazprom, TNK and Schlumberger are based here. Oil and gas production in Tyumen accounts for 2/3 of all oil and gas production in the Russian Federation. Mechanical engineering is also developed here. A large number of factories are concentrated in the central part of the city.
The city has a lot of parks and squares, greenery and trees, many beautiful squares with fountains. Tyumen is famous for its magnificent embankment on the Tura River, this is the only four-level embankment in Russia. There is also the largest drama theater here, there is international Airport and a major railway junction.
Barnaul
This city in Western Siberia is the administrative center of the Altai Territory. It is located 3400 kilometers from Moscow, at the place where the Barnaulka River flows into the Ob. It is a major industrial and transport center. The population for 2017 was 633 thousand people.
In Barnaul, you can see many unique sights. This city has a lot of greenery, parks and, in general, it is very clean. Altai nature, mountain landscapes, forests and a large number of rivers are especially pleasant for tourists.
The city has many theatres, libraries and museums, making it the educational and cultural center of Siberia.
Novokuznetsk
Another city in Western Siberia, belonging to the Kemerovo region. It was founded in 1618 and was originally a fortress, at that moment it was called Kuznetsk. The modern city appeared in 1931, at that moment the construction of a metallurgical plant began, and the small settlement was given the status of a city and a new name. Novokuznetsk is located on the banks of the Tom River. The population for 2017 was 550 thousand people.
This city is considered an industrial center; there are many metallurgical and coal mining plants and enterprises on its territory.
Novokuznetsk has many cultural attractions that can interest tourists.
Tomsk
The city was founded in 1604 in the eastern part of Siberia, on the coast of the Tom River. In 2017, the population was 573 thousand people. It is considered the scientific and educational center of the Siberian region. Mechanical engineering and metalworking are well developed in Tomsk.
For tourists and historians, the city is interesting for its monuments of wooden and stone architecture of the 18th-20th centuries.
Kemerovo
This city in Western Siberia was founded in 1918 on the site of two villages. Until 1932 it was called Shcheglovsk. The population of Kemerovo in 2017 was 256 thousand people. The city is located on the banks of the rivers Tom and Iskitimka. It is the administrative center of the Kemerovo region.
Coal mining enterprises operate on the territory of Kemerovo. The chemical, food and light industries are also developed here. The city has an important economic, cultural, transport and industrial significance in Siberia.
Mound
This city was founded in 1679. The population for 2017 was 322 thousand people. People call Kurgan "Siberian gates". It is located on the left side of the Tobol River.
Kurgan is an important economic, cultural and scientific center. There are many factories and enterprises on its territory.
The city is known for the production of its buses, the BMP-3 and Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicles, and its medical achievements.
For tourists, Kurgan is interesting for its cultural attractions and monuments.
Surgut
This city of Western Siberia was founded in 1594 and is considered one of the first Siberian cities. In 2017, the population was 350 thousand people. This is a major river port in the Siberian region. Surgut is considered an economic and transport center; the energy and oil industry is well developed here. The city has two of the most powerful thermal power plants in the world.
Since Surgut is an industrial city, there are not many attractions here. One of them is the Yugorsky bridge - the longest in Siberia, it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
Now you know which cities in Western Siberia are considered the largest. Each of them is unique, beautiful and interesting in its own way. Most of them were formed due to the development of the coal, oil and gas industries.