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Lidiya Prokoptseva 05/12/2015 | 3240
Having your own vegetables straight from the garden is wonderful. And the earliest ones are even better! Already in early May, you can harvest the first harvest of herbs and vegetables.
Read the article about what to plant to get your first vitamins as early as possible.
Variety of early vegetables
Radish ready to serve root vegetables within 18-20 days after germination. The cold resistance of this crop is so great that it can be sown very early, without even waiting for the soil to completely thaw. If the bed has been dug up since the fall, it is enough to level it with a rake, draw rows and start sowing. Lightweight covering material used to create more comfortable conditions growth, will protect from sudden temperature changes during the day and fluctuations in soil moisture. And in early May you will be able to enjoy fresh, crispy root vegetables. And to extend the time of use of radishes, it is recommended to sow several of its varieties. different periods maturation.
An excellent addition to radish salad would be spinach. In our country it has not yet received proper distribution, but in many countries the beginning of May is called “spinach season.” Sown in the very first days of spring, it will give a quick and abundant harvest.
Also responds positively to early sowing peas. Sown in early dates, it is less susceptible to pests and will produce its sweet harvest in the first half of June. Sugar pea varieties, which can be eaten straight from the juicy pods, are the first to ripen. Vegetable varieties - a little later.
If you sow seedlings broccoli in early March, in June you can get its first harvest. And after cutting off the main head, after a few days you can collect the second and third (from the side shoots) harvest. A lot has been said about the benefits of this variety of cabbage. Possibility of obtaining early harvest- another plus. Of all varieties broccoli- the most precocious.
The earliest vegetables are perennials
Annual vegetables need a certain time to sprout and gain strength. Perennial crops that have overwintered in the soil quickly begin to grow with the beginning of spring. Asparagus will be the first to emerge from the ground. Sown last year, it will show vigorous shoots in May. Cut off asparagus sprouts young, until they exceed 15-20 cm. Of course, you shouldn’t cut off all the shoots; you need to leave about a third of them so that the plant can continue to develop normally. Every year the asparagus will grow more and more, giving an ever larger harvest.
Sorrel- this is already a traditional symbol of the onset of spring for the gardener. You can forget about it for the whole summer by planting it in secluded corner plot. But in the spring, the first green cabbage soup on the table marks the beginning of the gardening season. It can be sown from spring to mid-summer, and harvested from next spring. To sorrel in the spring it sprouted faster, and subsequently was less affected by pests, a bed with it in early spring(you can directly on the snow) sprinkle generously with ash.
One of the first to ripen in spring rhubarb. This crop belongs to the same family as sorrel, but its consumer properties are closer to apples. Rhubarb similar in taste and chemical composition. And they use it in the same way as apples: they cook compote, put it in pies and pancakes. And children just love to gnaw on the peeled juicy petioles. So that the leaves, and accordingly rhubarb petioles grew thicker and more massive, it is recommended to break off its flower arrows.
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The set of crops and varieties also depends on the microclimate of the site, soil quality, and burial depth. groundwater, the possibility of using protected soil. Diseases and pests will play an important role when choosing. Of course, personal preferences should not be discounted.
The most affordable and early ripening crops- so-called “green”: salad, Chinese cabbage, watercress, dill, cilantro, parsley and green onions. Within a month and a half, early, spring-summer cucumbers and zucchini are ready. And the nightshade plants will require the greatest care: tomatoes, eggplants, peppers grown through seedlings. Sowing begins with them. When purchasing seeds, you will have to decide on the variety. It is better to resolve this issue before going to the seed store.
We all want to get the harvest as quickly as possible, and our summer is short, so we are of particular interest early ripening varieties. At the same time, let us not forget that early radish will be ready from germination in three weeks; early cabbage will produce an elastic head of cabbage no sooner than in 90 days, early zucchini and cucumbers— 37-40 days; early ripening eggplants even in warm weather it takes about 90-100 days, the same amount of time is required early sweet pepper for ripening. This is only for the formation of technical ripeness, and they turn orange and red only after 20 days. For tomatoes, 100 days is the normal period; until full ripeness, its fruits contain solanine, which makes tomatoes inedible. The substance is destroyed only before the onset of biological ripeness.
Early harvest- the most desirable, but not the richest in sugars, pectin, pigments, and organic acids that create taste. Long ripening in warm sunlight contributes to their accumulation in large, brightly colored fruits of tomato, pepper, and eggplant. All this means that in the presence of protected soil, as well as in areas with a warm climate, it is worth paying attention to later varieties.
Precocity to a certain extent related to the nature of plant growth and branching. More compact low growing tomatoes, cucumbers with little branching begin to bear fruit earlier than tall ones. But this dependence is not direct.
The dream of any breeder - a variety that can set fruit early and feeding them while continuing to increase leaf mass is the key to long-term fruiting.
Currently, among cucumber sprinters only F1 Ant, F1 Grasshopper, F1 Mazai: they have short side shoots appear after the earliest harvest from the main stem. And only 4-6 days behind them are F1 Hit of the Season, F1 Maryina Roshcha, Green Wave, Burevestnik, Junior Lieutenant and some others. Among the very early tomatoes are the low-growing Upstart, F1 Urban. Large-fruited ones are 5-10 days behind: Rosy Cheeks and F1 Bolshevik, as well as F1 Arbat, F1 Kulinar - with denser fruits.
Champions of early ripening among tomatoes- representatives of the cherry group. They are not the closest relatives to ordinary tomatoes, and they have their own gradation. Thus, low-growing pink crumbs weighing 15-20 grams ripen on the 75-80th day after germination (Arctic cherry). Even tall cherry tomatoes have the sweetest and most aromatic fruits, unsurpassed leaders in dry matter content, and are ready for consumption in 90-95 days (Dessert), that is, earlier than early large tomatoes.
Among early sweet pepper- low-growing Eroshka with light green fruits at technical ripeness and Yunga with dark green fruits (both turn red at biological ripeness), as well as Chardash, whose peppers grow yellow from the very beginning and then become more orange. Also early, but taller - Barguzin, Nafanya and Kudesnik. Fans know that even among the sissies of eggplants there are early ripening ones. Little Robin Hood (with elongated pear-shaped fruits from 170 to 300 g) ripens even near Magadan.
Early cabbage— Express, Cossack, you can get it in the middle zone already in mid-June. And even though the heads of cabbage are not large and dense, they are a valuable addition to our modest diet at the beginning of summer.
On a note:
— Hybrid gloxinia can be propagated vegetatively or by seeds. During seed propagation, the offspring, as a rule, are heterogeneous in the manifestation of the characteristics of the original specimens. At vegetative propagation(leaf or apical cuttings) the original characteristics are preserved, except for rare cases of spontaneous mutations.
Early vegetables on personal plots– not many can boast of this.
Growing early vegetables will help you build your profitable business, seasonal, but very profitable.
So we’ll tell you how to grow early vegetables in your dacha.
Early radish
The value of radish is that it is the earliest vegetable in the garden.
Radishes are photophilous and require loose fertile soil and abundant watering.
As soon as soil moisture allows, radish seeds are sown in furrows 8-10 cm apart from each other, and in the furrow - at a distance of 4-5 cm.
Seedlings are often damaged by jumping flea beetles. It is destroyed by pollinating the seedlings with tobacco and even road dust, as well as spraying with garlic infusion. It is better to water radishes in the evening.
The “crust” on the soil is loosened or after sowing the bed is sprinkled with loose humus or river sand.
Better early ripening varieties of radish are “Rubin”, “Zhara”, “Zarya”.
To obtain seeds from radishes of early varieties, the leaves are cut off, leaving leaf petioles 4-5 cm high, the root is trimmed and planted rarely, after 40-50 cm. With regular watering, by autumn you will collect pods with radish seeds.
Early cucumbers
First way
15 days before transplanting the seeds into the ground, moisten the sawdust with a strong solution of potassium permanganate and the next day plant cucumber seeds in them. Keep the seedlings on the windowsill, where there is most light. At the end of April, carefully remove the cucumber sprouts from the sawdust, place them in furrows, watered with warm water before planting, and sprinkle with soil up to the cotyledons.
Cover the shoots with frames and film, which are slightly moved apart in sunny weather. To prevent sparrows from pecking at the flowers, fence the ridge with frames in early June. Water with warm water.
From aphids, mites and powdery mildew Spray the cucumbers with infusion of garlic and onion, 300 g per bucket of water.
Second way
Plant cucumber seeds into small paper cups(roll paper onto 100 gram glasses). Place the elongated shoots in large paper cups and cover them with soil up to the cotyledons.
Before planting in the ridge, harden off outdoors. Plant in cups.
Third way
Dry cucumber seeds can be planted under frames or under double film in early May on a warm sunny day and watered with warm water.
Two potato harvests
For many years I have been getting two potato harvests from one area. Even last dry summer we managed to harvest two harvests.
At the end of February, seed potato tubers should be brought indoors, filled into 3-liter jars and placed in the light, but not in the sun. Thus, they produce short but strong sprouts in 60 days (with 30-day germination, the sprouts are fragile and easily break off when planted). At the end of April - beginning of May (as soil conditions allow), cut the tubers and plant them finely under a shovel every 40 cm in two rows, leaving paths for walking between them, two halves of a tuber per hole.
Shoots appear in 7-10 days, by June 10 the potatoes bloom, and by June 15-20 they form normal tubers that can be dug up on June 20. The usual care is loosening and weeding after germination. If the weather is hot - frequent watering, after 1-2 weeks, loosening after watering until the tops close, collecting Colorado potato beetles.
From a bed 4 m long you get two full buckets of potatoes, which means you can dig up to 40 buckets from a hundred square meters, and in a dry summer. To replant potatoes from May 15, also fill 3-liter jars with seed tubers and put them on the north side for germination. Planting should be done after harvesting early cabbage, i.e. July 5 (also under the shovel every 40 cm in 2 rows).
After harvesting the garlic and family onion, June 10-12, and after harvesting the potatoes (June 25), I planted potatoes, but not on a flat surface, but at the bottom of deep furrows, also with 2 halves of a tuber per hole. This ridge produced more tubers in the hole than those planted 20 days earlier. The care was the same as for early potatoes. I inspected the plantings more often and collected Colorado potato beetles.
We dug up the second harvest on September 28, after frost. The tubers are mostly medium in size. 1.5 buckets of potatoes were collected from a 4-meter bed. This is the best planting material, because the tubers were formed in September in cool weather and did not undergo degeneration, which happens on hot days during normal May planting.
Consolidation of planting and sowing of vegetables
The yield in the garden can be increased by using compacted plantings of those vegetables that do not oppress each other. So, for many years now I have been sowing carrot and radish seeds in one row, and along the edges of such a bed I plant onions in one row.
Last year, I successfully grew a bed of onions, planted not as usual with row spacing of 20 cm, but twice as thick with row spacing of 10 cm. I grew onions per feather only in one row and sold them, and grew carrots along the edges of this ridge.
Onions and carrots grow side by side, mutually protecting each other from moths, carrot and onion flies and their larvae.
Along the edges of a ridge of cucumbers, you can grow beans or radishes, sown before the cucumbers.
I consider the beginning of June to be the most successful time for planting potatoes, and before that time I grow a radish crop for the second time in a potato bed.
For many years I have been planting garlic between rows, that is, in the middle of a strawberry bed. We also plant garlic on both sides of the tulip bed.
Along the edges of the bean bed I plant beets and carrots in one row.
This year, for the first time, I’m thinking of experimenting with planting cucumbers between cabbage rows, planting one row of onions along the edge of a tomato ridge, and before sowing the cucumbers, plant radishes on one side of the ridge along the edge, and a row of carrots on the other.
The practice of gardeners may suggest others successful combinations vegetables, but we must remember that there are vegetables that inhibit each other. So, cabbage is incompatible with strawberries, tomatoes, and beans. Cucumbers should not be planted with potatoes, and onions and garlic with peas and beans.
Potatoes are incompatible with tomatoes, cucumbers and melons.
We do not have the most favorable climate in the world and we have to somehow come to terms with the fact that we cannot harvest several crops per year and provide ourselves with fresh vitamins both in winter and summer. In the spring, dacha supplies of even the most shelf-stable vegetables and fruits begin to gradually melt and many of us, thoroughly saturated with vitamin deficiency, strive to nourish ourselves as quickly as possible.
Today we will tell you which plants can provide us with vitamins before others.
All the options that we have selected can be on your table within 4-8 weeks after planting. And this is simply record time!
Moreover, many of them are quite frost-resistant and are ready for planting almost immediately, as soon as the ground thaws a little. In other plants it is not necessary to wait for the fruits to ripen; the stems and leaves can be edible. Such plants can be served at almost any stage of their growth. In short, while waiting for the roots, it’s not a sin to feast on the tops...
The ripening time and growth rate of the listed plants will vary slightly depending on your region and weather conditions in a specific year. Also, many qualities of the finished product depend on the selected type and variety of plant.
1. Beetroot- will allow you to enjoy delicious botvinya already 40-50 days after planting. Surprisingly, the root vegetable and its leaves have completely different vitamin and amino acid compositions. But both are useful.
2. Broccoli(40-60 days) – Leaves and top parts are edible, catch them before they bloom.
3. Spinach(30-55 days) - extremely healthy, rich in vitamins and microelements, and also helps us stay slim and beautiful.
4. Carrot(50-70 days) – did you know that even a small twig carrot tops provides the body's daily need for selenium!? An incredibly useful herb! It’s not for nothing that our ancestors added it to their dishes with all their might, from salads to fish soup. Carrot tops were also brewed into tea. And women used it as a hair rinse, adding shine and strength.
5. Kohlrabi(40-50 days) - perfectly replaces cabbage in many dishes, including stewed and boiled.
6. Green onions (40-50 days) is what we ourselves start with every spring... on the window, of course.
By the way, there are other vegetables that are easy to grow in a window; we collected them in our video:
7. Peas(50-60 days) – both the fruits and the leaves and stems of the plant are suitable for food. They all have a pleasant sweetish taste.
8. Watercress- like other greens, you can start growing them in the winter on the windowsill, in the spring on the balcony, and move into the garden closer to summer. One of the most unpretentious plants, however, like many types of greens.
9. Radish(21-35 days) – very early and very fast. Radishes begin to be planted in the very early spring, sometimes even in frozen ground. Today there are an unusually large number of varieties, for every taste and even color.
10. Turnip(35-50 days) - both leaves and roots are edible. Turnips have been familiar to many since childhood; they have always been popular in Rus'. It was eaten steamed, fried, boiled and salted. Unfortunately, in modern world this vegetable has given way to potatoes and tomatoes, vegetables that are not only less healthy, but also take longer to grow.
11. Arugula(20-40 days) – very good in salads, where it is mainly used. Arugula has a unique taste, with a slight bitterness. But many people really like it.
12. Park Choi(40-55 days) - we devoted an entire article to this interesting vegetable (you can read it).
13. Leaf salad (40-60 days) - the most popular in Middle lane a type of greenery that grows quite quickly, is useful, and early.
14. Mustard(21-45 days) – piquant taste and great benefits not only as food, but also as a fertilizer (after all, growing mustard helps enrich the soil with nitrogen).
15. Cucumbers(55-70 days) - although they are the “longest” of all those listed in our article, they are still faster than most of their vegetable comrades. In addition, they allow you to enjoy their taste quite early (if you plant seedlings in April, you can get a harvest already in June).
Some tips:
Always carefully read the information on seed packets.
- choose early varieties, but suitable for the climate of your region.
— write down information about the characteristics of cultivation and the varieties you like in a notebook or notebook. This will allow you to avoid mistakes and choose only the best next year.
There is almost no care for firstborns in the garden beds. And they won’t take up the land for a long time - the earliest vegetables can be harvested 7-20 days after germination! After them, you can easily plant seedlings of more heat-loving tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. in the same bed.
Radish is the number one vegetable
What is a garden without radishes! Every gardener sows radishes first in early spring. Now varieties such as “ Soffit"(resistant to coloration), " Rhodes" (ultra-early), " Ultra", well-known varieties of radishes - " 18 days», « French breakfast" Among the new products, one of the most precocious is “ Queen of the Market", ripens in 19 days. Red-crimson root vegetable weighing 250-350 grams. The variety has excellent taste. The “Red Round Early” radish variety is remarkable - from germination to ripening 18-25 days.
Daikon
Daikon, or Japanese radish - white vegetable with a taste reminiscent of radish. Daikon produces larger, longer (from 30 cm to 1 m) root crops than radish, weighing from 2 to 4 kg, and representatives of certain varieties grow to gigantic sizes - 30 kg or more! Daikon is notable for the fact that, unlike radish, it is edible throughout the growing season.
Besides taste qualities Daikon also has the ability to cleanse the liver and kidneys, dissolving stones in them. Ripens quickly - in 35-40 days early ripening variety daikon " Sasha" You will sow in the second half of April and harvest at the end of May. The weight of each early ripening root crop will be 250-300 g, and the plant yield will be 4-6 kg per m 2.
Chervil - juicier than parsley, earlier than dill
Chervil is the earliest herb. The taste is reminiscent of parsley, but its greens are juicier. For salads, it can be harvested within seven days after germination. The main crop of leaves is harvested 4-6 weeks after sowing. And since chervil does not grow back well after cutting, it is sown several times with an interval of 10-15 days, before the onset of heat.
Chervil is cold-resistant and unpretentious. It is better to sow with sprouted seeds, then the shoots appear faster and more friendly. In protected soil, the crops are not covered with soil, but are only covered with a film to prevent them from drying out.
The very first peas
You can sow peas as soon as the soil thaws. In addition, a whole series of new varieties has now been created. The earliest ripening and shortest - " Tropar"(45-50 days), yields up to one and a half kilograms of peas with square meter. The early-ripening hybrid ripens a couple of days later." Sowinter"(50-55 days).
Peas are not picky about soil and are disease resistant. It should be planted with a distance between seeds in a row of 10 cm, and between rows of 20-25 cm. In this case, you will get 40-50 plants per 1 m2. Early ripening varieties, which are less leafy, need to be placed more densely: 60-80 plants per 1 m2.
Not just turnips
We remind you about such qualities of a half-forgotten vegetable as early ripening, cold resistance and high yield. Turnips will come in very handy in a vegetable garden. Having once fallen out of favor due to its specific, islandy-bitter taste, the legendary root vegetable has every chance of returning to Russian tables - salad turnips of the “Geisha” variety have appeared, devoid of this drawback, and very tasty. The harvest will be fully ready in 40-45 days.
Chinese cabbage
Chinese cabbage, or pak choi, is tasty at any stage of ripening and already 20-30 days after planting the seedlings, it asks to be served on the table. Russian scientists have already developed the first two varieties adapted for Russia. Ultra-early ripening variety “Swallow”. The first harvest of its greenery is carried out 15 days after germination, when 7-10 leaves appear. Another variety is Vesnyanka - the first collection of leaves begins 20-25 days after germination.
Broccoli
The nutritional value of its young leaves is equal to that of spinach. In all countries of the world, this cabbage has its place in garden beds, but in our country it is still rare.
The broccoli variety “Tonus” is distinguished by its tasty large inflorescences. Very early ripening: dark green heads ripen 35-40 days after planting. As soon as you cut off the central one, many new ones, somewhat smaller in size, grow from the axils of the leaves. Withstands frosts down to -7°C.
Two in one - lettuce and asparagus
A “guest” from the East promises to enrich our diet - asparagus salad. The main value of asparagus salad is that it contains sedatives that improve sleep and digestion, reduce blood pressure...
Adapted to Russian conditions so far there is only one variety of asparagus salad - “Svetlana”. This plant is early ripening and cold-resistant. The leaves and juicy stem are used for food. The requirement is regular watering.
Cabbage mustard
The culture received its name for the mildly spicy taste of the leaves, reminiscent of table mustard. Her variety “Volnushka” is early ripening, with spring sowing matures in open ground in a month.
Sow in a row at a distance of 10-15 cm (depth up to 1 cm). When the first leaves appear, thinning by 4-5 cm and fertilizing with urea (20 g per 10 liters of water) are carried out. The soil is kept loose and clean. Harvesting begins when the plants reach 10-15 cm in height.
Vegetable chrysanthemum
Not just a flower, but a special spicy green crop, well known in Japan. Chrysanthemum greens are good for salads, and as a seasoning for soups and any main courses, especially stewed vegetables.
Seeds are sown in early spring (in March), and at the end of April the plants can be transplanted into both the flowerbed and the garden bed. When the chrysanthemum reaches a height of 20 cm, young leaves can be collected. A month after the emergence of shoots, buds form, and from this time, once a week until autumn, flowers and buds are collected for canning. The leaves are always young and tender. This is such a convenient and unpretentious culture. You sow once and you have lush greenery and beautiful flowers all summer long.