Complete with the pumping station, the owner of the house or summer cottage receives a water pressure switch for the pump. It allows you to fill the hydraulic tank automatically, saving the owners from unnecessary trouble, but requires the most careful attention. The fact is that this key must, firstly, be correctly connected, and secondly, it must be adjusted for the needs of a particular house and its plumbing system. Neglecting these important points can lead to failure of the entire pumping station, as well as to reduce the terms of its operation. Before connecting and setting up the equipment, it is necessary to understand the principles of operation of the device and the accumulator.
Purpose, device and principle of operation
The relay is the main element for regulating the water supply in the pumping system. Thanks to him, the entire system of pumping equipment is turned on and off.
It is this node in the water supply system that is responsible for the water pressure. Thanks to the relay, there is a balance between a large supply and a weak one.
The relay is designed on the principle of opening the contact group when the water pressure changes. It is directly connected to the pump via output contacts. The diagram below shows the main components of the water pressure switch device.
Water pressure switch circuit
Two mains contacts are used to electrically start the device. With the help of a pumping contact group, the relay is switched on and off. There are two nuts on the top of the device. They are designed to regulate the supply of pressure. Each nut is responsible for the strength of the water pressure in the system. When adjusting the relay, it should always be remembered that the shutdown of the device should be triggered at an average water supply pressure in the pump. The differential adjustment nut adjusts the water flow between high and low pressure.
With the help of a relay, the switching on and off of the device supplying water to the hydraulic tank is automatically regulated. At the same time, experts use a number of concepts, such as:
- Switch-on pressure or lower pressure (Рin), at which the relay contacts for submersible or borehole pump close, the device turns on and water begins to flow into the tank. The manufacturer's standard setting is 1.5 bar.
- Switch-off pressure or lower pressure (Poff), at which the contacts of the device open and the pump is switched off. The manufacturer's standard settings are 2.5-3 bar.
- Differential pressure (ΔР) - the difference between the previous two indicators.
- The maximum allowable shutdown rate at which the pumping station can be shut down. The manufacturer's standard setting is 5 bar.
The hydraulic accumulator is a tank in which an additional rubber container, called a "pear", is built-in. A certain amount of air is pumped into this "pear" through the most ordinary automobile nipple. The higher the pressure in the "pear", the more it presses on the water accumulated in the tank, pushing it into the water supply system. This ensures that the water pressure is sufficient for comfortable use.
They are arranged somewhat differently diaphragm accumulators, however, their principle of operation is about the same. The tank is divided into two parts by a special membrane, on one side of which there is water, on the other - air, which presses on the water, etc.
Relay classification
The relay is of two types according to the principle of operation - mechanical and automatic. When buying this mechanism, you need to consider what functions this device should perform.
In addition, automatic relays, although easier to operate, are less durable than mechanical ones. Therefore, most buyers opt for the mechanical version.
In addition, the relays are sold as built-in inside the pumping station or separately from it. Therefore, it is possible to select a relay according to individual characteristics that will improve the operation of all equipment.
Mechanical type
- Mechanical pressure switch SQUARE with dry running protection. The pressure generated by this device is between 1.3 and 5 bar. The required current for effective operation of the relay is 10 A.
- Pressure switch Cristal. The current required for the operation of this device is 16 A. The admissible pressure limit in the water supply system is 4.5 bar.
Electronic
Electronic relays are more susceptible to breakdowns due to the fact that when water is supplied, various small particles appear in it, which disable the equipment. To prevent this from happening, a special filter is placed at the supply inlet, which purifies the water and does not prevent the device from breaking. An electronic device is better than a mechanical one in that it does not allow the pumping station to run idle.
The electronic relays, after pressing the button to turn off the water supply, works for another 16 seconds. This function is necessary for the device to work for a longer time.
The electronic relay is easier to install and configure. To reconfigure its operation, the entire system does not need to be disassembled, you just need to configure the necessary parameters on the electronic scoreboard using the appropriate buttons.
- Pressure switch PS-15A with dry running. This electronic device operates in a pressure range of 1 to 5 bar. The current strength is 12 A. In addition to the listed characteristics, the device has built-in factory settings and full protection from dry running.
- Pressure switch PS-2-15. Has factory settings and protection against dry running. Possible pressure limit in the water supply system 5.6 bar, current 10 A.
Installation and connection of the relay: instruction
To install the relay, you first need to mechanically assemble the entire system, then connect these devices to the electrical network.
Electrical part
According to this diagram, connect electrical wires to the common network to terminals L1 and L2. Connect the pump terminals to the M terminals, and connect the ground to the corresponding terminals.
The wires must be connected to special terminals
Then carry out the work according to the wiring diagram below for the electrical and mechanical part of this connection.
After connecting the mechanical part, you need to connect an electrician
But such a connection system does not save the pumping station from dry running. Therefore, the pump should be installed in the correct position, that is, an order of magnitude higher than the positioned check valve.
A system connected according to this principle will operate in a protected mode.
This is a slightly different installation option for a home unit. But if the entire installation is carried out in accordance with this scheme, the pump will operate in a protected mode, that is, the pump operation mode without water flow will be excluded.
This principle of operation of the pumping station will save the entire plumbing system from rapid wear and tear and complete failure.
All rules and instructions for connecting pumping equipment must be observed. First of all, you need to determine the required water pressure and, based on this indicator, select a relay.
- A cable with a solid cross-section of at least 2.5 square meters is suitable from the shield. mm or PVA 3x1.5. The parameters depend on the characteristics of the pump and can be selected according to the current.
The pressure switch is connected to two systems: electrical and mechanical
- Lead the wires into special entries on back side housing. Inside there is a terminal block with contacts: grounding - conductors from the panel and the pump are connected; line terminals - phase and neutral wires from the shield are connected to them; terminals for the same wires from the pump.
There is a terminal block inside
- Lead the wires and fix them in the terminals.
Press down the wires in the terminals
- Close the relay cover. Installation is complete, adjust if necessary.
Close the relay with a cover and fix with bolts
Video: how to install a pressure controller
Checking the pressure in the water supply system using a pressure gauge
Immediately after purchasing a pumping station, it is necessary to check the indicators that are set in the hydraulic tank by the manufacturer. Usually this figure is 1.5 atmospheres. However, during storage and transportation, the leakage of a part of the air from the tank is quite common.
For testing, it is recommended to use an automotive pressure gauge with as little graduated scale as possible to ensure measurement accuracy. Some models of pumping stations are equipped with plastic pressure gauges, but practice has shown that they are unreliable and do not give accurate pressure indicators in the hydraulic tank. Another option is electronic pressure gauges, the readings of which largely depend on the battery charge level and ambient temperature. Considering high cost electronic pressure gauges and the extreme unreliability of Chinese plastic products, experts recommend choosing a conventional mechanical automotive pressure gauge enclosed in a metal case.
It is best to use a mechanical pressure gauge to set the pump pressure switch.
To check the pressure in the accumulator, it is necessary to remove the decorative cap, under which the nipple is hidden, connect a pressure gauge to it and take readings. The lower the pressure, the more water you can create in it. To create a sufficiently large water pressure, a pressure of 1.5 atm is considered an acceptable indicator. But even one atmosphere is quite enough to provide household needs of a small house.
When high pressure the pump turns on more often, which means it wears out faster, however, the water pressure in the system is about the same as in the city water supply system. This allows, for example, the use of a hydromassage shower. Low pressure pump wear less, but maximum comfort you can afford - regular bathfilled with hot water, but not the charm of a jacuzzi.
Please note that experts do not recommend over-pumping the hydraulic tank or reducing the pressure to less than one atmosphere. This can lead to an insufficient supply of water in the accumulator, or to damage to the rubber "bulb".
After these nuances have been clarified, air is either pumped into the hydraulic tank or it is vented until the required indicator is reached.
How to adjust correctly (with accumulator)
Before setting up the relay, it is necessary to remove the cover, under which there are two springs with nuts: large and small. By turning the large nut, the lower pressure in the accumulator (P) is adjusted. Turning the small nut, set the pressure difference (ΔP). The reference point is the position of the large spring, which sets the lower pressure limit.
Before you start setting up the pressure switch for the pump, you must remove the top cover from the device, which hides the large and small springs.
After the required air parameter is reached in the accumulator, the tank should be connected to the system and turned on, observing the readings of the water pressure gauge. Note that in the technical documentation for each pump, the operating and maximum pressure indicators are indicated, as well as allowable rate water consumption. It is not allowed to exceed these values \u200b\u200bwhen setting the relay. If the operating pressure of the accumulator or the pump limit value is reached during system operation, the pump must be switched off manually. The ultimate head is considered to be reached at the moment when the pressure stops increasing.
Fortunately, conventional domestic pump models are not powerful enough to pump the tank to its limits. Most often, the difference between the set on and off pressures is 1-2 atmospheres, which fully ensures the optimal use of the equipment.
After the water pressure gauge shows the required lower pressure, the pump should be turned off. Further, the adjustment is made in this way:
- Turn the small nut (ΔP) carefully until the mechanism starts to work.
- Open the water to completely empty the system of water.
- When the relay is energized, the lower value will be reached. Please note that the pump start pressure should be approximately 0.1-0.3 atmospheres higher than the pressure reading in the empty hydraulic tank. This will protect the bulb from premature damage.
- Now turn the large nut (P) to set the lower pressure limit.
- After that, the pump is turned on again and they are waiting for the indicator in the system to rise to the desired level.
- It remains to adjust the small nut (ΔP), after which the accumulator can be considered adjusted.
Adjustment scheme
Here's a diagram that will work for most devices:
The pressure switch for the pump is adjusted using two nuts: a large and a small one. They must be handled very carefully so as not to damage the device.
Video: how to adjust a relay for a pump
In addition to the initial setting when connecting the relay to the pump, the home owner needs to periodically check the operation of the system and adjust the settings. At least once every three months, experts recommend completely draining the water from the hydraulic tank and checking the air pressure by pumping required amount or playing off the excess.
When organizing a water supply system at home, not only a pump is needed, but also automation to ensure its operation. One of the necessary devices is a water pressure switch. it small device turns on the pump when the pressure in the system drops and turns it off when the threshold value is reached. The magnitude of the on and off parameters can be adjusted. How this device works, how to connect it and how to regulate it - in the article.
Purpose and device
In order to maintain a constant pressure in the water supply system of a private house, two devices are needed - a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. Both of these devices are connected via a pipeline to the pump - the pressure switch is located in the middle between the pump and the accumulator. Most often it is located in the immediate vicinity of this tank, but some models can be installed on the pump body (even submersible). Let's take a look at the purpose of these devices and how the system works.
A hydraulic accumulator is a container divided into two halves by an elastic bulb or membrane. In one there is air under some pressure, in the second water is pumped. The water pressure in the accumulator and the amount of water that can be pumped there is regulated by the amount of pumped air. The more air there is, the higher the pressure is maintained in the system. But at the same time, less water can be pumped into the tank. Usually it is possible to pump no more than half of the volume into the container. That is, it will be possible to pump no more than 40-50 liters into a 100-liter hydroaccumulator.
For normal operation of household appliances, a range of 1.4 atm - 2.8 atm is required. To maintain such a framework, a pressure switch is required. It has two operating limits - upper and lower. When the lower limit is reached, the relay starts the pump, it pumps water into the accumulator, and the pressure in it (and in the system) rises. When the pressure in the system reaches the upper limit, the relay turns off the pump.
In a circuit with a hydraulic accumulator, water is consumed from the tank for some time. When will flow out enough in order for the pressure to drop to the lower response threshold, the pump will turn on. This is how this system works.
Pressure switch device
This device consists of two parts - electrical and hydraulic. The electrical part is a group of contacts that closes and opens by turning the pump on / off. The hydraulic part is a diaphragm that exerts pressure on the metal base and springs (large and small) with which the pump on / off pressure can be changed.
The hydraulic outlet is located on the back of the relay. It can be an outlet with an external thread or with an American-style nut. The second option is more convenient during installation - in the first case, you either need to look for an adapter with a union nut suitable size or twist the device itself, screwing it onto the thread, and this is not always possible.
The inputs of the electrical part are also located on the back of the case, and the terminal block itself, where the wires are connected, is hidden under the cover.
Types and varieties
Water pressure switches are of two types: mechanical and electronic. Mechanical ones are much cheaper and are usually preferred, while electronic ones are mainly brought on order.
| Name | Pressure regulation limit | Factory settings | Manufacturer / country | Device protection class | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RDM-5 Dzhileks | 1- 4.6 atm | 1.4 - 2.8 atm | Dzhileks / Russia | IP 44 | 13-15$ |
| Italtecnica PM / 5G (m) 1/4 " | 1 - 5 atm | 1.4 - 2.8 atm | Italy | IP 44 | 27-30$ |
| Italtecnica PT / 12 (m) | 1 - 12 atm | 5 - 7 atm | Italy | IP 44 | 27-30$ |
| Grundfos (Condor) MDR 5-5 | 1.5 - 5 atm | 2.8 - 4.1 atm | Germany | IP 54 | 55-75$ |
| Italtecnica PM53W 1 " | 1.5 - 5 atm | Italy | 7-11 $ | ||
| Genebre 3781 1/4 " | 1 - 4 atm | 0.4 - 2.8 atm | Spain | 7-13$ |
The difference in prices in different stores is more than significant. Although, as usual, when buying cheap copies, there is a risk of running into a fake.
Water pressure switch connection
The water pressure switch for the pump is connected to two systems at once: to electricity and water supply. It is installed permanently, since there is no need to move the device.
Electrical part
A dedicated line is not required to connect a pressure switch, but it is desirable - there are more chances that the device will work longer. A cable with a solid copper conductor with a cross-section of at least 2.5 square meters must go from the shield. mm. It is desirable to install a bundle machine + RCD or difavtomat. The parameters are selected according to the current and depend more on the characteristics of the pump, since the water pressure switch consumes very little current. The circuit must have grounding - the combination of water and electricity creates an area of \u200b\u200bincreased danger.
Wiring diagram of the water pressure switch to
The cables are led into special glands on the back of the case. There is a terminal block under the cover. It has three pairs of contacts:
- grounding - the appropriate conductors are connected from the shield and from the pump;
- line or "line" terminals - for connecting phase and neutral wire from the shield;
- terminals for similar wires from the pump (usually on the block located above).
The connection is standard - the conductors are stripped of insulation, inserted into the connector, tightened with a clamping bolt. Pulling on the conductor, check whether it is securely clamped. After 30-60 minutes, the bolts can be retightened as copper is a soft material and the contact may loosen.
Pipeline connection
there is different ways connecting the water pressure switch to the plumbing system. Most convenient option - installation of a special adapter with all required outputs - a five-way fitting. The same system can be assembled from other fittings, simply ready-made version always use flatter.
It is screwed onto a branch pipe on the back of the body, a hydraulic accumulator is connected to the rest of the outputs, supplying a hose from the pump and a line that goes into the house. You can also install a sump and a pressure gauge.
A pressure gauge is a necessary thing - to control the pressure in the system, monitor the relay settings. A sump is also a necessary device, but it can be installed separately on the pipeline from the pump. There is generally desirable a whole
With this scheme, at a high flow rate, water is supplied directly to the system - bypassing the hydraulic accumulator. It starts to fill up after all the taps in the house are closed.
Adjusting the water pressure switch
Consider the process of adjusting the most popular instance - RDM-5. It is produced by different factories. The limits of adjustments change, since different pressures are required in different sized water pipes. This device leaves the factory with a basic setting. Usually it is 1.4-1.5 atm - the lower threshold and 2.8-2.9 atm - the upper threshold. If you are not satisfied with some parameter, you can reconfigure it as required. Such a procedure is usually necessary when installing a jacuzzi: a standard pressure of 2.5-2.9 atm is not enough for the desired effect. In most other cases, reconfiguration is not required.
The RDM-5 water pressure switch has two springs, which regulate the pump off / on threshold. These springs differ in size and purpose:
- large adjusts the limits (upper and lower at once);
- a small one changes the delta - the gap between the upper and lower boundaries.
The parameters are changed by tightening or unscrewing the nuts on the springs. If the nuts are tightened, the pressure increases; if they are loosened, it decreases. It is not necessary to turn the nuts strongly one revolution - this is a change of about 0.6-0.8 atm, and this is usually a lot.
How to Determine Relay Thresholds
The pump activation threshold (and the lower pressure threshold on the water pressure switch) are related to the pressure in the air part of the accumulator - the minimum pressure in the system should be 0.1-0.2 atm higher. For example, if the pressure in the tank is 1.4 atm, the shutdown threshold is desirable at 1.6 atm. With these parameters, the tank membrane will last longer. But in order for the pump to work under normal conditions, look at its characteristics. He also has a lower pressure threshold. So, it should not be higher than the selected value (lower or equal). Based on these three parameters, you select the activation threshold.
By the way, the pressure in the accumulator must be checked before adjustment - there are significant deviations from the declared parameters. Under a removable cover (in different models it looks and is located in different places) the nipple is hidden. Through it, you can connect a pressure gauge (you can car or the one that you have) and see the actual pressure. By the way, it can be adjusted through the same nipple - increase or decrease if necessary.
The upper threshold - pump shutdown - is set automatically during adjustment. In the initial state, the relay is set to some kind of differential pressure (delta). This difference is usually 1.4-1.6 atm. So if you set the switch on, for example, at 1.6 atm, the shutdown threshold will automatically be set at 3.0-3.2 atm (depending on the relay settings). If you need a higher pressure (raise water to the second floor, for example, or the system has many taps), you can increase the shutdown threshold. But there are limitations:
- The parameters of the relay itself. The upper limit is fixed and in household models usually does not exceed 4 atm. It just won't work anymore.
- The upper limit of the pump pressure. This parameter is also fixed and the pump should be turned off at least 0.2-0.4 atm before the declared characteristics. For example, the upper pressure threshold of the pump is 3.8 atm, the shutdown threshold on the water pressure switch should be no higher than 3.6 atm. But in order for the pump to work for a long time and without overloads, it is better to make a larger difference - overloads have a too bad effect on the operating time.
That's all for the choice of water pressure switch settings. In practice, when setting up the system, the selected parameters have to be adjusted in one direction or the other, because everything must be selected so that all the draw-off points work normally, including household appliances... Therefore, it is often said that the parameters are chosen by the "scientific poke" method.
Setting the water pressure switch for a pump or pumping station
Setting up the system will require a reliable pressure gauge that you can trust. It is connected to the system near the pressure switch.
The adjustment process consists of twisting two springs: a large and a small one. If you need to raise or lower the lower threshold (pump activation), twist the nut on a large spring. If you turn it clockwise, the pressure rises; counter-clockwise, it falls. Turn a very small amount - half a turn or so.
The sequence of actions is as follows:
- The system is started, the pressure gauge is monitored at what pressure the pump turned on and off.
- Press in or release a large spring.
- The parameters are turned on and checked (at what pressure it turned on, at which it turned off). Both values \u200b\u200bare shifted by the same amount.
- Make adjustments if necessary (re-adjust the large spring).
- After the lower threshold is set the way you want it to be, they begin to adjust the pump shutdown threshold. For this, a small spring is pressed or lowered. Do not twist the nut on it too - half a turn is usually enough.
- Turn on the system again and look at the results. If everything suits you, they stop there.
What else do you need to know about adjusting the water pressure switch? That not all models have the ability to change the delta, so take a closer look when buying. There is a pressure switch for the pump in a moisture- and dust-protected housing. They can be installed in a sump, some models can be installed directly on the pump housing if it has such an outlet.
In some water pressure switches there is also an idle (dry) switch, in general this device is in a separate case, but there are also combined ones. Idling protection is necessary so that the pump does not break if suddenly there is no water in the well or well. Some pumps have built-in protection of this type, for others they buy and install the relay separately.
One of the reasons why the pump turns on more often than it should be and does not provide a smooth water supply is the incorrect adjustment of the pressure switch and the setting of the operating parameters of the accumulator. These are two different operations on different devices... And although the tank of the water storage device itself does not have relays or built-in automatic devices, the pressure in the air pocket of the tank indirectly affects the operation of the entire water supply system.
What and how needs to be adjusted in a system with a pump and a hydraulic accumulator
To organize the normal operation of pumping equipment, it is necessary to set three main parameters:
- Adjust the air pressure in the airspace of the accumulator;
- Fix the level at which the control relay starts the water pump;
- The water pressure limit at which the pump unit is turned off by the relay command.
Important! All three parameters will need to be adjusted several times, adjusting the more comfortable pressure level in the water supply system and the water flow rate on the accumulator to the characteristics for your home.
We regulate the pressure in the accumulator
The water storage device is very simple in design. Inside the steel tank there is a rubber membrane, which occupies about 2/3 of the volume of the accumulator. The rest of the space is occupied by an air chamber. With the help of excess air pressure in the chamber and the elastic forces of the stretching rubber membrane, water is squeezed out as needed into the water supply system. There is nothing special to adjust and regulate, except for the pressure in the air compartment of the accumulator.
The device comes from the factory with a preset air pressure of 1.5 atm. Before buying a device, you should make sure that the factory pressure is present. This usually indicates the health of the nipple and the integrity of the rubber sheath inside the cylinder, we proceed to adjusting the accumulator for water supply systems.
First, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the system and the pump is started to determine the parameters of the operating pressure in the system. They try to regulate the air pressure in the air pocket of the accumulator by 10-13% lower than the switching pressure of the pumping station. Simply put, you need to adjust it to 0.6 - 0.9 atm. below the water pressure at which the motor starts. We check the adjusted level with a pressure gauge for an hour to make sure there are no air leaks.
The air pressure in the cavity of the accumulator must be regulated with the water pressure turned off, it is enough just to turn off the tap. The value must be checked and adjusted at least once a quarter.
How the pressure switch for the accumulator is adjusted
The relay or automatic control of the pressure of the water supply to the water supply system looks like a small black plastic box with two nipples made of body material and one metal outlet-nipple with external or internal pipe thread size ¼ ", as in the photo. With the help of a fitting, the relay is connected to a five-outlet fitting fixed to the inlet of the accumulator.
In other cases, the relay can be installed together with a pressure gauge directly on the body of a surface pump or pumping station.
Through plastic lugs, wires from the pump winding are brought into the body. If you unscrew the screw in the upper part with an ordinary screwdriver, the cover can be removed, after which two parts of the device become accessible - a pair of vertical springs on a metal base plate, with which you can adjust the operating parameters of the water pressure, and the contact group to which the wound wiring is connected from the pump. The yellow-green "ground" wire is connected to the metal bottom contacts, the blue and brown wires of the pump motor winding are connected to the upper blocks.
The springs are different in size. A large spring is seated on an axle and secured with a nut, by rotating which, you can adjust the degree of compression of the elastic spring element. Here on the plate there are arrows that help to correctly orientate and rotate the nut to adjust the relay threshold.
Important! Despite the large number of turns on the central pin, which holds the spring on the plate, the relay and the diaphragm are quite sensitive even to a small turn of the nut, which regulates the response level. In some cases, to adjust and change the response threshold by about 1 atm. water pressure, it is enough to turn the nut only ¾ of a turn.
Therefore, it is necessary to work with nuts carefully, and you should not rush to adjust and knock down the factory settings.
Next to the large spring there is a small one, about 4 times smaller. By design, it is completely identical to the large spring, but, unlike the first, a small spring is needed to adjust the difference between the pump start pressure and the maximum water pressure at which the pump is turned off.
There is a membrane under the metal plate, in which there is pressurized water from a water supply system or a hydraulic accumulator. Due to the water pressure in the membrane, the plate overcomes the resistance of the springs and closes and opens the group of contacts.
A good excursion on the topic of the pressure switch device and its adjustment organs can be obtained from the video:
Way to adjust the water pressure switch
It is quite simple to adjust the RP-5 type water pressure switch. Most often, the relay has to be regulated in two cases - at the stage of putting the water supply system into operation and after repair, modification or changes in the operation of the water supply system and the accumulator. In any case, before starting to regulate, follow several mandatory procedures:
- Warn the residents of the house that during the time while you are adjusting the pressure switch, it is impossible to use taps, toilet, shower, in general, all elements of the water supply system;
- Close all taps and check the integrity of the connection and the absence of water leakage, especially on recently installed or refurbished appliances, pay special attention to flush cistern toilet. If it remains in operation or leaks, it will be difficult to correctly adjust the relay in the system;
- Check the working air pressure in the accumulator, if it is unstable or below the norm, it must be adjusted to the factory standard;
Advice! When making adjustments, you will need a wrench to turn the nuts, a tap to relieve the water pressure in the system, and a control pressure gauge, which can be used to track the water pressure in the water supply.
To adjust the response thresholds of the pressure switch, perform the following procedures:
Breakdowns and problems in the operation of the relay
TO positive sides characteristics of the relay include its simplicity and reliability of operation. If there is no air in the system, and the response thresholds are correctly adjusted, such a device usually lasts a very long time.
Like any contact device, the relay must be serviced periodically - check the operation of the mechanical "rockers", adjust and clean the contacts. But sometimes the relay starts to work unevenly, at different on-off thresholds. It happens that the relay simply does not turn off at the upper or lower threshold. If you gently knock a piece of wood on the body, the device will work.
Do not rush to adjust the thresholds or throw the device into a landfill. Most likely, the cause was sand and debris accumulated in the membrane space. To rectify the situation, you will need:
- Unscrew the four bolts on the bottom of the relay housing, the metal plate with the inlet fitting and remove the steel cover;
- Carefully rinse the rubber membrane and the cavity under it from sand and accumulated dirt;
- Install all elements in place and tighten the mount;
- Adjust the thresholds and check the normal operation of the relay to turn off the motor.
Even a person unfamiliar with the relay device can easily remove, clean and adjust the device, as in the video:
In addition to the contacts and the diaphragm, you can lubricate the rocker joint with grease; this procedure can be performed no more than once a year.
Conclusion
It is relatively easy to adjust the response thresholds on the relay if the water supply system is working properly and does not poison the water on the connections or on the toilet cistern. Given the fact that it is necessary to maintain and clean the water supply system from sand and salts quite often, it makes sense to figure out how to adjust the relay, and then independently test the device as needed.
Determines the efficiency and economy of work, and also allows you to increase the service life and reduce the likelihood of equipment breakdown. In order for the regulation of the fluid supply to be carried out correctly, it is important not only to choose the right relay, but also to correctly install it, configure and adjust it. Only in this case it is possible to obtain an uninterrupted water supply and the required pressure in the pipelines.
If you have chosen a water pressure switch for a pump issued by a well-known and reliable manufacturer, the instructions supplied with the equipment will tell you how to properly install and configure the product. Nevertheless, in order to avoid difficulties during operation, it is important to understand how the pressure switch works.
Design features
The sensitive element of the pressure switch is elastic diaphragm that connects to two springs... Sensing the pressure of the fluid in the pipeline, the diaphragm, in turn, increases or decreases the pressure on the springs. Thus, at low pressure, the spring is expanded, and at high pressure, it is compressed. Deforming in this way, the spring closes or opens the contacts of the pump power supply circuit, turning on or off the pumping unit, respectively. The exact values \u200b\u200bof the relay operation are set during adjustment: each of the springs has an adjusting nut, the rotation of which sets the set value.
Sequencing
The cycle of the pump (pumping station) with the control relay includes the following stages:
- Switching on the pump.
- Filling the accumulator with water.
- Increase in pressure in the system (reflected by the readings of the pressure gauge).
- The pressure reaches the limit value and the relay is activated (the circuit opens, the pump stops).
- System operation in normal mode (water consumption with a gradual decrease in pressure in the hydraulic tank).
After the pressure drops to the value set on the spring of the relay, which is "responsible" for controlling the activation parameter, the circuit closes, the pump turns on, and a new cycle begins.
Pressure test
Before the equipment is installed and the water pressure switch for the pump or pumping station is adjusted, it is necessary to check the condition of the hydraulic tank, in particular, its main parameter - air pressure. As a rule, the declared value is 1.5 atmospheres, and at the manufacturing stage, manufacturers actually create such a pressure in the chamber. However, during storage and transportation, leakage of compressed air through insufficiently tight connections may occur.
There is one more nuance: the accuracy of the manometer included in the kit is sufficient to control the operation of the system, but it is better to use a more accurate device for checking and adjusting. There is no need to specially purchase expensive equipment - almost everyone has a mechanical automobile pressure gauge with a metal case and is quite suitable for this purpose.
The pressure in the tank is measured in three stages.
- Removing the decorative and protective cap from the nipple.
- Connection to the pressure gauge nipple.
- Taking readings.
Before adjusting the pressure switch of the pumping station, it is important to evaluate the readings obtained. In this case, one should take into account some patterns.
- The higher the pressure, the greater the head, but the smaller the volume of water that can be pumped into the reservoir. In addition, if the pressure is too high, the diaphragm wears out faster.
- Low pressure allows you to increase the water supply, however, the pressure created by such a system will not be enough for equipment that is sensitive to this parameter (jacuzzi, massage shower, etc.).
Pump air into the hydraulic tank of the pumping station or bleed it through the nipple until optimal value on the pressure gauge.
- When using plumbing with high pressure, the optimal pressure is considered to be 1.5 atm.
- A good head in conventional taps creates a pressure of 1 atm.
- The pressure is below 1 atm. not only reduces the efficiency of the system, but can also lead to damage to the "bulb" of the accumulator.
Pressure setting
Before setting up the pressure switch of the pumping station, we recall the device of this device. Opening the lid, you can see two springs different sizes ... The one that is larger is "responsible" for setting the value of the lower pressure (the parameter for turning on the pumping unit).
With your own hands, setting the water pressure switch for the pump is performed sequentially:
- The accumulator, in which the required air pressure value is obtained, is connected to the system.
- An automotive pressure gauge is installed for accurate control.
- The pump turns on and runs until the pressure gauge shows the required limit value (a rarer, but likely option - the pressure stops rising, then the pump must be turned off manually).
- Gradually drain the water from the system until the pump is turned on, thereby determining the lower pressure level.
- Rotate the large nut to set the desired low level (the recommended value is 10% more than the air pressure in the tank).
- When the pump is on, the shutdown pressure is monitored and, if necessary, adjust this value with a small nut.
The cycle is repeated to check the response parameters and the springs are adjusted if necessary.
Important: The nut on the large spring is responsible for setting the lower pressure limit at which the pump turns on, and the nut on the small spring is responsible for setting the difference between the lower pressure set by the large spring and the upper pressure at which the pump will shut off.
In fact, it is not difficult to understand how to adjust a water pressure switch, however, the process requires a certain amount of time and attention to achieve this goal.
The adjustment of the water pump pressure switch is shown in the video.
Cost of equipment
One of the criteria for choosing a water pressure switch for a pump is price. The range of values \u200b\u200bfor the cost of equipment is approximately from 5 to 120 dollars, so it is important to determine the impact of price on performance, the need for certain equipment capabilities and the feasibility of investments.
Features of expensive models
Most expensive models Are electronic relays. They are easier to set up, besides, the equipment in this price category is characterized by high accuracy of operation. However, in living conditions such accuracy is not a prerequisite for the system to work correctly. In addition, expensive branded models may not be suitable for the Russian reality - they are sensitive to the stability of the parameters of the supply network, and many of them require increased voltage. Thus, additional equipment will have to be purchased to ensure operability.
The cost of branded electronic relays is on average $ 35-50, but in some cases the price can exceed $ 100.
Medium and budget price categories
The cheapest models (about 5-7 dollars) are not only simple in the device, but also not very accurate, and most importantly, they are short-lived. Professionals and users alike agree that savings should have reasonable limits. The funds spent on the purchase of a cheap relay for the pumping station, although it cannot be called significant for the budget, but with a high degree of probability they can be wasted - soon the relay will need to be repaired or replaced.
The middle price category is reliable models of proven manufacturers with not the highest, but sufficient accuracy for correct regulation of the operation of the water supply system. Their price is $ 25-35. The combination of reasonable cost and functionality makes these relays very popular.
A pressure switch is a small but indispensable component of a large and small pumping station. And if all its other elements just need to be connected correctly, then it will also have to be additionally configured. It is this device that is responsible for automating the pumping process. It turns on and off the equipment according to the pressure in the hydraulic tank.
Competent adjustment of the pressure switch for the pump is a guarantee of comfort and long service life of the equipment. How it is performed, what actions need to be performed and what data to know for fine tuning, we describe in detail in the article. You will find out why and in what situation it is produced.
Besides step by step description adjustment procedures we provide valuable advice provided by the hydraulic engineers. To optimize perception, the text is supplemented with photo selections, diagrams, video guides.
Numerous varieties, which are completed with almost all pumping stations, are arranged in approximately the same way.
Inside the plastic case there is a metal base on which the rest of the elements are fixed:
- membrane;
- piston;
- metal platform;
- electrical contact assembly.
Top under plastic cover there are two springs - large and small. When the membrane is under pressure, it pushes the piston.
He, in turn, raises the platform, which acts on the large spring, compressing it. A large spring resists this pressure, limiting the movement of the piston.
The small distance that separates the large and small adjusting springs is enough to regulate the operation of a whole set of devices. The platform, under pressure from the diaphragm, gradually rises until its edge reaches the small spring. The pressure on the platform at this moment increases, as a result of which its position changes.
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This causes a changeover of the contacts, which changes the operating mode of the pump, and it turns off. For switching contacts there is a special hinge with a spring.
When the platform overcomes the level at which this hinge is located, the electrical contacts change position, breaking the power supply circuit. At this moment, the pump is turned off. After that, the water stops flowing and the pressure exerted on the membrane decreases as water is consumed from the accumulator.
Accordingly, the platform descends smoothly. When its position is lower than the spring-loaded hinge of the electrical contacts, they rise, turning the power back on.
A pressure switch is a small device that allows you to turn on and off the pump depending on the presence or absence of water in the accumulator
The pump pumps water into the hydraulic tank, the relay membrane presses on the platform, it rises, reaches the large spring, etc. The cycle resumes and runs automatically.
With the help of a large spring, the pressure indicator is set at which the pump unit must be turned on, and the small one determines not the “ceiling” of the allowable pressure in the system, as you might think, but the difference between these two indicators. it important point, which is useful when learning the procedure for your own pump.
Do you need a setting at all?
Of course, independently or with the help of a specialist, but everyone who has assembled their pumping station from individual elements will need to adjust the pressure switch.
There is an opinion that ready-made pumping stations purchased in assembled, are equipped with a pressure switch already configured and prepared for operation. In practice, this is not always the case.
Before connecting and adjusting the pressure switch, you should carefully study the technical documentation provided by the manufacturer in order to find out the maximum permissible pressure values.
Each plumbing system has individual characteristics. And the needs of the residents of the house may be different.
How to set up a relay correctly?
There is a cover on the pressure switch housing, and under it there are two springs equipped with nuts: a large and a small one. By rotating these springs, the lower pressure in the accumulator is set, as well as the difference between the on and off pressure values. The lower pressure is regulated by a large spring, and the small one is responsible for the difference between the upper and lower pressure.
There are two adjusting springs under the pressure switch cover. The large spring regulates the activation of the pump, and the small spring regulates the difference between the on and off pressure
Before starting the adjustment, it is necessary to study the technical documentation of the pressure switch, as well as the pumping station: the hydraulic tank and its other elements.
The documentation indicates the performance and limits for which this equipment is designed. During the adjustment, these indicators should be taken into account so as not to exceed them, otherwise these devices may soon break.
Sometimes it happens that during the setting of the pressure switch, the pressure in the system still reaches the limit values. If this happens, you just need to turn off the pump manually and continue tuning. Fortunately, such situations are extremely rare, since the power of domestic surface pumps is simply not enough to bring the hydraulic tank or system to its limits.
On the metal platform where the adjusting springs are located, the designations "+" and "-" are made, which allow you to understand how to rotate the spring to increase or decrease the indicator
It is useless to adjust the relay if the accumulator is filled with water. In this case, not only the water pressure will be taken into account, but also the parameters of the air pressure in the tank.
To adjust the pressure switch, follow these steps:
- Set the working air pressure in the empty accumulator.
- Switch on the pump.
- Fill the tank with water until the lower pressure is reached.
- Switch off the pump.
- Rotate the small nut until the pump starts.
- Wait until the tank is full and the pump is turned off.
- Open the water.
- Rotate the large spring to set the cut-in pressure.
- Switch on the pump.
- Fill the hydraulic tank with water.
- Correct the position of the small adjusting spring.
The direction of rotation of the adjusting springs can be determined by the signs “+” and “-”, which are usually located next to each other. To increase the cut-in pressure, the large spring must be rotated clockwise, and to decrease this value, it is rotated counterclockwise.
The adjusting springs of the pressure switch are very sensitive, so they need to be tightened very carefully, constantly checking the state of the system and the readings of the pressure gauge
The rotation of the adjusting springs when adjusting the pressure switch for the pump must be done very smoothly, about a quarter or half of a turn, these are very sensitive elements. The pressure gauge should show the lower pressure when switched on again.
Regarding the indicators when adjusting the relay, it will be useful to remember the following points:
- If the hydraulic tank is filled, and the pressure gauge remains unchanged, it means that the maximum pressure in the tank has been reached, the pump should be turned off immediately.
- If the difference between the switch-off and switch-on pressures is about 1 to 2 bar, this is considered normal.
- If the difference is greater or less, the adjustment should be repeated taking into account possible errors.
- The optimal difference between the set lower pressure and the pressure determined at the very beginning in the empty accumulator is 0.1-0.3 atm.
- In the accumulator, the air pressure should not be less than 0.8 atm.
The system can be regularly switched on and off in automatic mode and with other indicators. But these boundaries allow you to minimize wear on equipment, for example, the rubber tab of the hydraulic tank, and extend the operating time of all devices.
For normal operation, it is recommended to measure the air pressure in the accumulator every three months. This measure will help maintain stable settings in the operation of the equipment. A sharp change in indicators may indicate some kind of breakdowns that need to be eliminated.
In order to quickly monitor the state of the system, it makes sense to simply record the readings of the water pressure gauge from time to time when the pump is turned on and off. If they correspond to the numbers set when setting up the equipment, the system can be considered normal.
A noticeable difference indicates that it is necessary to check the air pressure in the hydraulic tank and, possibly, readjust the pressure switch. Sometimes you just need to pump a little air into the accumulator, and the indicators will return to normal.
The accuracy of the manometer readings has a certain error. This can partly be caused by the friction of its moving parts during measurements. To improve the reading process, it is recommended to additionally lubricate the pressure gauge before starting measurements.
The pressure switch, like other mechanisms, tends to wear out over time. Initially, you should choose a durable product. An important factor long-term work pressure switch - correct settings... do not use this device at the maximum allowable upper pressure.
If there are problems and inaccuracies in the operation of the pressure switch, it may need to be disassembled and cleaned of contamination.
A small margin should be left, then the elements of the device will not wear out so quickly. If it is necessary to set the upper pressure in the system to a sufficient high level, for example, in five atmospheres, it is better to purchase a relay with a maximum permissible value of work of six atmospheres. Finding such a model is more difficult, but it is quite possible.
The presence of contamination can cause serious damage to the pressure switch. This is a typical situation for old water pipes made of metal structures.
Before installing the pumping station, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the water supply system. A complete replacement will not hurt either. metal pipes on plastic structures, if possible.
When adjusting the relay, the control springs should be treated with extreme care. If they are compressed too much, i.e. are twisted during the setup process, errors will be observed very soon during device operation. Breakdown of the relay in the near future is almost guaranteed.
If, while checking the operation of the pumping station, a gradual increase in the shutdown pressure is observed, this may indicate that the device is clogged. You don't need to change it right away.
It is necessary to unscrew the four mounting bolts on the pressure switch housing, remove the diaphragm assembly and rinse thoroughly inner part relays where possible, as well as any small openings.
Sometimes it is enough to simply remove the relay and clean its holes from the outside without disassembling. It will also not hurt to clean the entire pumping station. If water suddenly starts flowing directly from the relay housing, it means that dirt particles have broken through the membrane. In this case, the device will have to be completely replaced.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
An overview of the pressure switch device is presented here:
This video describes in detail the process of setting the pressure switch:
Setting up a pressure switch is not always easy. You need to act carefully and carefully. But understanding the principles of the device and the features of its configuration allows you to cope with this task quite satisfactorily.
We are waiting for your stories about the experience of installing and adjusting the pressure switch, operation pumping systemequipped with an appliance. Perhaps you have any questions while reading the material? Ask them and comment on the article in the block below.