From what event did the countdown of a new era begin? our era

To the question AFTER WHAT YEAR DID OUR ERA BEGIN??? given by the author Vadim. the best answer is our era after the birth of Christ, that is, from the 1st year. 1193 BC, this means before the birth of Christ, that is, 2011+1193=3204 years ago.

Answer from Mikhail Nikitin[guru]
zero) and before it -1. Don't you teach math at school?


Answer from Sleep it off[guru]
the era of enlightenment began with the first!


Answer from Neurosis[guru]
there was no zero year! because obviously zero is a mathematical convention. There is 1st year AD. e. , and before it the 1st year BC. e.
PS: okay, I’ll express myself in your language: RAM, BC years are counted in reverse side: 2nd year AD e. , 1st year AD e, 1st year BC. e. , 2nd year BC uh... I don’t know how to make RAM even more stupid for you


Answer from Nasopharynx[guru]
It is customary to count from the birth of Christ, and so, of course, much earlier


Answer from David Shabashov[newbie]
I don’t know exactly after what year it began. uh, but I know for sure that 8112 BC. e. was


Answer from DANILA QUEEN[newbie]
from 20-21


Answer from Larisa zhirnova[active]
Since 0001 AD


Answer from Qwerty qwert[newbie]
People who lived before our era lived with a countdown?))


Answer from Boris Baratov[active]
The use of AD in chronology became widespread after the use of the Venerable Bede, starting in 731. Gradually, all countries of Western Europe switched to this calendar. Last in the West, August 22, 1422, on new calendar passed on to Portugal (from the Spanish era).
In Russia last day The era of Constantinople was December 31, 7208 from the creation of the world; By decree of Peter I, the next day was officially counted according to the new calendar from the “Nativity of Christ” - January 1, 1700.


Answer from Anna Kovaleva[active]
Our era appeared in 124 AD. e until 97 AD uh


Answer from Vovchik[newbie]
The chronology from the Nativity of Christ was introduced in 525 by the abbot of one of the Roman monasteries, Dionysius the Small.


Answer from Tatyana Mikheeva[newbie]
Our era began in 1193


Answer from Victor Vysotsky[newbie]
7525 thousand years ago the counting of years began. Jesus Christ was born, as I calculated from my own mathematics, in 5508. but in 7208 Peter 1 and blah blah blah in short said that the count will be from the Nativity of Christ. Therefore, the year 7208 turned into 1700 and this is in Rus'. the rest of the countries, as I read history, began counting the years from the Nativity of Christ much earlier! But I don’t know at what end of this era to count. either from Christmas or from the first year. Of course it’s more interesting from the first year. so you start to believe in people more.. otherwise if everything is closer to Christmas it will be boring... and the further from Christmas the more pleasant it is that the people in those years were so smart and did such things.. that after 7525 years we see them on TV We're happy to watch! how they made history!


Answer from Valery Pronichev[newbie]
the last year BC was 3761 this year was taken as 0 then went 1


Answer from Vitalik kartuzov[newbie]
Hmm, there are so many pseudo-clever people who don’t understand what they want, but still answer obviously and uselessly, while insulting and making others look stupid.
Dude, I understand you, the birth of Christ is the first and only reason for the beginning of a new era, so the new era interrupted 10,000 years of the old one (this is not exact figure, we will never know for sure)

why is there Common Era and BC

    1. Our era, AD e. (alternative decoding new era, English Common Era, English CE) period of time starting from 1 year according to the Gregorian calendar, current era. The period of time ending before the beginning of the first year of the Gregorian calendar BC, BC. e. ; alternative form Before the Nativity of Christ.


      According to most scientists, when calculating the year of the Nativity of Christ in the 6th century by the Roman abbot Dionysius the Lesser, a small mistake was made (several years).
    1. “Our era” begins with the birth of Jesus Christ. Before that - BC. The date is provisional - the exact date has not been found.
    1. In 284 from the beginning of the reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, the monk Dionysius the Small calculated, as it seemed to him, the date of birth of Jesus Christ and took it as a starting point new era. Dionysius established, according to the text of the New Testament, that Christ was born 525 years before he began his calculations. This event marks the beginning of our era. Then, in the early Middle Ages, they still used the Roman system, when counting was carried out from the date of the emperor’s accession. Dionysius determined the date by calculating the dates of Easter. For Dionysius the Lesser, the Emperor Diocletian was a pagan and a persecutor of Christians, therefore, it seemed to him, it would not be very worthy to calculate these sacred dates from the time of the pagan emperor. His system of counting was made popular in 731 by another monk, the chronicler of Anglo-Saxon history Bede the Venerable in his work About the six ages of the world. It was Bede who introduced the countdown in the opposite direction BC. After that new system the reference began to spread throughout all the then European countries. Latest in Western Europe Portugal switched to a new chronology in 1422. In Russia, a new era was introduced by Peter I in 1699.

      In view of the event from which the countdown is made, they also say: after the Nativity of Christ, before the Nativity of Christ. Modern researchers of the New Testament say that Dionysius the Small was slightly mistaken in his calculations by about four years. Despite this, the designation of AD and BC in modern world has become detached from its religious roots and already exists regardless of the fact that, in essence, there is an inaccuracy in the calculations. Briefly denoted n. e., BC e.

    1. This is how it happened historically.
      That is, initially there was no our or non-our era; time was counted in each country in its own way, often dividing time according to the periods of the reign of kings. But with the advent of Christianity, Christian leaders decreed that a new era had now arrived, since “the Lord has concluded New Testament with people", and therefore it is necessary to tie the account of time to this event. Well, and only then to designate events that occurred before the birth of Christ, they began to use the wording "BC". Common era, AD (alternative decoding new era , English Common Era, English CE) period of time starting from the 1st year of the Gregorian calendar, the current era ending before the beginning of the first year of the Gregorian calendar BC;
      The name is often used in religious form from the Nativity of Christ, an abbreviation of R.H. This entry is chronologically equivalent (no conversion or year zero required).
      The zero year is not used in either secular or religious notation; this was introduced by the Venerable Bede at the beginning of the 8th century (zero was not widespread in culture at that time). However, year zero is used in Astronomical year numbering and in the ISO 8601 standard.
      According to most scientists, when calculating the year of the Nativity of Christ in the 6th century by the Roman abbot Dionysius the Lesser, a small mistake was made (several years).

      The era “from the Nativity of Christ” was introduced by Dionysius the Lesser in 525, and already at the beginning of the 7th century it was approved by Pope Boniface IV. It is also found in the documents of Pope John XIII (965 - 972). But only since the time of Eugene IV, since 1431, has this era been regularly used in the documents of the Vatican Chancery. At the same time, the year from the creation of the world had to be indicated.
      Soon after its introduction, the era was also used by some Western historians and writers, in particular by a contemporary of the papal archivist Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus, a century later by Julian of Toledo, then by Bede the Venerable.
      During the 8th - 9th centuries, the new era became widespread in many countries of Western Europe.
      In Russia, Christian chronology and the January New Year, as already mentioned, were introduced at the end of 1699 by decree of Peter I, according to which (for the sake of agreement with European peoples in contracts and treatises (the year beginning after December 31, 7208 from the creation of the world, began to be considered 1700 AD.
      By now, the era “from the Nativity of Christ,” created by Dionysius the Less more than a millennium and a half ago, “has become, as it were, an absolute scale for recording historical events in time" (E.I. Kamentseva. Chronology. - M.: "Higher School", 1967. - P. 24).

    2. BC is like before the Nativity of Christ, our era in Russia is considered 1700 AD
  1. Who can confirm the zero reference point on Earth??? What is it based on? The Muslims have theirs, the Orthodox have theirs, the peoples of Africa have theirs, Tomba-mba, theirs. It is defined by the Jews, who first kill the Son of God, then celebrate his resurrection, attributing merit to themselves. This is complete nonsense!

The modern Christian calendar began in the Early Middle Ages. Until the first half of the 6th century, the era of Diocletian was widely used. The years were counted from 284, when he was proclaimed Roman Emperor. Despite the fact that Diocletian was one of the organizers of the persecution of Christians, this chronology system was also used by the clergy to calculate the dates of Easter celebrations. It was later called the “era of martyrs” and is still used by Monophysites in North Africa.

In 525, the Roman abbot Dionysius the Lesser, who, on behalf of Pope John I, compiled Easter tables, decided to abandon the chronology system based on the start date of the reign of the persecutor of Christians. He proposed a chronology from the Nativity of Christ. Dionysius, based on the Gospel of Luke, assumed that Jesus was about 30 years old at the time he began preaching. His crucifixion took place on the eve of the Jewish Passover under Emperor Tiberius. Using the already existing method of calculating Easter, the abbot calculated that the Resurrection of Christ falls on March 25, 31 years from his birth.

Many researchers believe that Dionysius the Small made a mistake in his calculations. Thus, the date of Christ’s birth turned out to be shifted forward by several years. This opinion was shared by top officials catholic church. In the summer of 1996, in one of his messages, Pope John Paul II confirmed that historical date The birth of Christ is unknown and in fact he was born 5 - 7 years earlier than our era. Benedict XVI also considered Christian chronology to be based on incorrect calculations. In 2009, in the first part of the book “Jesus of Nazareth,” he wrote that Dionysius the Lesser “was mistaken in his calculations by several years.” The birth of Christ, according to the pope, occurred 3 to 4 years earlier than the established date.

The chronology system developed by Dionysius the Small began to be used two centuries after its creation. In 726, the English Benedictine monk Bede the Venerable in his work “De sex aetatibus mundi” (On the six ages of the world) for the first time used chronology from the Nativity of Christ to describe historical events. Soon the new chronology spread widely in Europe.

Already in 742, dating from the Nativity of Christ first appeared in an official document - one of the capitularies of the Frankish mayor of Carloman. This was probably his independent initiative, not related to the works of the Venerable Bede. During the reign of Emperor Charlemagne, the official documents of the Frankish court widely used the counting of years “from the incarnation of our Lord.” In the 9th – 10th centuries, the new chronology became firmly established in European royal decrees and historical chronicles, and the Christian era began to be used in acts of the papal office.

But in some states there is still for a long time other chronological systems were preserved. The countries of the Iberian Peninsula used the Spanish era. The years were counted in it from January 1, 38 BC. BC, when the region became part of the “Roman Peace” (Pax Romana). Most of the Iberian states gradually abandoned the Spanish era in the 12th–14th centuries. It lasted the longest in Portugal. Only in August 1422 did King João I introduce Christian chronology in the country. In Russia up to late XVII centuries, the Byzantine countdown from the creation of the world was used. The state switched to a new chronology after the decree of Peter I of December 20, 1699. Greece was the last European region to embrace the Christian era. The new chronology was established in the country in 1821 after the start of the war for independence from Ottoman Empire.

The Tridensky Cathedral in the 16th century introduced a new chronology, and the first (if not the only) monument to the new millennium was the bell tower of Ivan the Great in 1600, built by the most authoritative monarch of that time in Europe - Tsar Boris

Answer

You clearly messed something up. The Romans counted down from the legendary foundation of Rome (753 BC), Most other civilizations from the creation of the world, only their starting point was different; the Jews dated it to 3761 BC. e., Alexandrian chronology considered this date to be May 25, 5493 BC. BC The Byzantine calendar considered the starting point to be September 1, 5509 BC. e., it was actually adopted as a basis by Emperor Vasily II in 988. Yes, the year began to start on September 1 in Byzantium around 462, but this was officially recognized in 537. Otherwise, the calendar, with the exception of the names of the months, coincided with the Julian calendar (adopted under Julius Caesar). The Byzantine calendar lasted until the fall of the empire in 1453. The Gregorian calendar, which replaced it, was introduced under Pope Gregory XIII on October 15, 1582.

Answer

Oksana, I don’t deny the Romans’ use of Ab Urbe condita chronology. But it is a fact that the era of Diocletian was used for a long time by the inhabitants of the empire and was used even for some time after its fall. If you don't believe me, more details here

I did not set myself the task of talking about all the existing chronology systems, since the question was a little different. It concerned only the beginning of dating from the Nativity of Christ. And Dionysius the Less calculated this time focusing specifically on the era of Diocletian, and not on the founding of Rome or any other system.

All other calendars were well covered in this question.

Answer

Comment

Not right away. The chronology from the Nativity of Christ, and with it the concept of “our era,” appeared about one and a half thousand years ago, when Pope John I instructed the learned monk of Scythian origin Dionysius the Less to compile tables for calculating the day of Easter. IN early Middle Ages in Europe, they counted the years from the beginning of the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian (284 AD). Instead of the date of the accession of this pagan and persecutor of Christians, Dionysius the Small took the estimated year of birth of Jesus Christ as his starting point. He calculated it based on the text of the New Testament. (Today it is believed that the monk was wrong by four years, and our 2017 should be 2013.) In the 8th century, new dating became widespread thanks to the Anglo-Saxon chronicler Bede the Venerable, who relied on Dionysius’ system in his work “On the Six Ages of the World.” From the same Bede came the custom of dating events that occurred before the Nativity of Christ (“BC”), counting backwards. Gradually, all of Europe began to measure time from the birth of Christ. Russia switched to a new account of “the best for the sake of agreement with European peoples in contracts and treaties” in 1699 by decree of Peter I.

We need to start with this primitive people represented time chaotically, i.e. sets of unrelated periods of time, the boundaries of which were natural events (thunderstorms/hurricanes, etc.). In the Ancient World, the boundaries of the reign of the kings (Egypt) acted as an era, or the counting was carried out according to EPONIM (Greece, Rome, Assyria) - this is the official by which the years are counted. (For example: “in the year when such and such was the archon..”). Archons - in Greece, Consuls - in Rome, Limmu - in Assyria.
IN ancient world time was represented cyclically - as a spiral.
The linear era (universal) that is familiar to us appeared with the development of Christianity (so that all Christian communities celebrated holidays at the same time).
In 525 AD the era from the Nativity of Christ appeared. It was proposed by the monk Dionysius the Small. Before this, Easter was calculated based on the era of the martyrs (that is, the era of Diocletian (the cruel persecutor of Christians), the date when he began to rule on August 16, 284). However, Dionysius made a mistake in his calculations - Jesus Christ was born 5-6 years later than the date that Dionysius calculated. Since the 10th century, the Vatican switched to chronology from the Republic of Christ.

In general, the main chronological question of humanity is how to correlate units of time expressed as an integer.
There are several basic units of time:
1. sunny day(24 hours)
2. synodal month (approximately 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3 seconds - from new moon to new moon)
3. tropical year (365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds) the period from the summer solstice to the next similar day.
Based on these units of time, people began to divide time into segments - calendars appeared - solar (ancient Egyptian) and lunar (ancient Babylon, ancient Greece). It is believed that the first such calendars appeared at the turn of 4-3 thousand BC.

The seven-cyclic calendar is a relic of the Ancient Babylonian calendar, which was considered sacred. In it, every day was under the auspices of a god or goddess, who in turn was associated with certain celestial bodies. This method migrated to Europe, and in 325 a seven-day week was declared to all Christian communities.

24 hours in a day also came to us from the Babylonian calendar, in which the day was divided into 12 parts according to the signs of the zodiac (the night was not divided), such a division came to Ancient Egypt, where the night was divided, thereby doubling the zodiac.

IN Ancient Rome the calendar appeared in the 7th century BC. Initially there were 10 lunar months = 304 days. Numa Pompilius carried out a calendar reform adding 2 lunar months = 355 days. in the 5th century BC the second calendar reform was carried out, a year later they began to add the thirteenth month MARCEDONIUS, which was inserted between February 22 and 23, it was equal to 20 days. Thus, approximately 365 days were obtained. However, every 4 years the calendar and astrological New Year diverged by a day. The duration of marcedonia was determined by the priests in Ancient Rome. New Year's Day fell on March 1st.
The months were called:
martos (from Mars),
aprelis (on behalf of the goddess Apra - one of the names of the goddess Aphrodite), mainos (Maya goddess of beauty)
junius (Juno - goddess of fertility)
Quintilis (fifth)
sexteles (6)
Septembrius(7)
octobrius(8)
Novembrius(9)
Yunoarius (Janos - god of secrets)
februarius (Februarius is the god of the dead, an unlucky month, because the even number of days is 28).
There was no concept of a week. They counted according to the CALENDS - the first day of the month.

Julius Caesar stopped all this and during his reign a new calendar was created: JULIAN - 46 AD: New Year was moved to January 1 (when the distribution of positions of authority took place), Marcedonius was abolished, 1 day BISEXTUS began to be inserted into this place once every 4 years (twice a sixth) = leap year. Wed. The length of the year became 365 days 6 hours. Quintilis was renamed Julius (January).
In 365, the Julian calendar became mandatory for all Christians. But he was there for 11 minutes more than a year tropical, in 128 years a day had accumulated, and by the 16th century 10 days had accumulated.

in 1582 - Gregory XIII Pope convened a commission (the calendar is the prerogative of the church, since time is the place of God), it was decided to count October 5, 1582 as October 15.

The Gregorian calendar is closer to the tropical year (the difference is a few seconds), one day in such a calendar accumulates once every 3200 years.

If we talk about the history of chronology in Russia, then little is known about the Slavic calendar. Initially, time was counted seasonally, i.e. simultaneously with agricultural work, the boundaries did not coincide (for example, spring from March 23 to June 22). Changes came with the advent of Christianity. Since the end of the 10th century, there have been two New Years - March and September. I will not go into details of this, I will just say that throughout Rus' there was no clear chronology. In 1492, the March calendar was abolished. This is due to the fact that from the creation of the world (5508), the year 1492 was considered 7000, in theory the end of the world was supposed to happen, this idea took possession of Christians so much that they did not even calculate the calendar - Paschal (Easter year) after this year.
In Peter's time it was discovered that the calendar did not coincide with the Western one. On December 19, 7208 (1699) from the creation of the world, Peter issued a decree on the transition to the era from Christ.

At the end of the 18th century everything European countries accepted Gregorian calendar, in Russia it was still Julian. Throughout the 19th century, there were many disputes about whether Russia should switch to the Gregorian calendar, and on January 24, 1918, a Decree was adopted on Russia’s transition to the Gregorian calendar, after January 31, 1918, not counting February 1, but February 14. Actually what we have now.

If you have finished reading this long post, know that you have become a little smarter and more patient :)

Ancient calendars

Archeology cannot pinpoint exactly when an event occurred. She gives only an approximate date. The exact dates are given to historians only by written sources, and even then Not all. How to be? They help .


calendars and chronology

Stone calendar of American Indians We measure length in meters, weight in kilograms. Time can be measured in days from one morning to the next. Ancient people noticed that summer came at regular intervals, and began to count the years from summer to summer. We calculated how many days pass from summer to summer. It turned out that 365 days. This is what they called “summer”. Even now we will not say: “I am twelve years old,” but we will say: “I am twelve years old.” The word "year" appeared later. At the beginning of the year, New Year's holidays were usually held. Among some peoples

New Year met in the fall, others - in the spring or winter. When people came up with letters and numbers, they decided to write

1. 2.

calendar

. It was necessary to select some important event in the past and count the years from it. 1. The calendar of our Slavic ancestors drawn on a jug 2. A calendar built in ancient times from stone (England)


The year when such an event occurred was agreed to be considered the first year. Next years called second, third, and so on. . Attention:

additional task for the most hardworking, inquisitive and quick-witted: try to explain why these drawings are placed here If you answer the question, perhaps the teacher will give you not one, but two A's!

But in


different countries counted down time from various events. This was very inconvenient, because the calendars of different countries and peoples did not coincide. For example, when the inhabitants of Italy and Greece meant the same year, they called it differently.

The ruler of the ancient Roman state, Julius Caesar, who introduced the calendar

modern type

. Ancient image In Greece they could say: “We are in the third year of the twenty-ninth Olympiad,” and in Italy they said: “This is the ninety-sixth year from the founding of Rome.” There was confusion. A single calendar for the whole world was needed. Modern calendar A faith appeared on Earth, which is called Christian

Of course, educated people do not believe the stories about Christ. And the calendar turned out to be complicated and not very successful.

But they continue to use the calendar because different countries have become accustomed to it. When Russians write that Tsar Peter the Great died in 1725, this is understandable to an American, a Pole, or a Brazilian, because these countries have the same calendars. Remember: in modern calendar

the time from the first year to the present day is called our era, or new era (abbreviated AD). And the time from ancient times to the first year of our era is called time before our era (BC).

One hundred years is called a century, and ten centuries a millennium. Two millennia, twenty centuries have passed since the beginning of our era, and on January 1, 2001, the twenty-first century began.

Counting the years BC

How to count years BC? First of all, note that the years are numbered in reverse order. That is, it used to be 59 BC. e., after it - 58 BC. e., then - 57 BC. e. and so on. The larger the date, the older it is and the further from our time.

A schoolchild in 2000 counts how many years ago some event occurred. Let's say something happened in 104 BC. e. This means that 2000 years AD and another 104 years BC have passed since then. The total is 2000 years + 104 years = 2104 years ago.

Counting years is not at all difficult. It is only important to understand the rules of counting and practice properly. The Time Line table will help you with this, don’t forget about it!?

What is the new era You have probably come across such expressions more than once: “it was in such and such a year BC,” or the phrase: “it was in such and such a year AD.” Remember? The city of Pompeii perished in 79 AD, and Gaius Julius Caesar introduced his calendar in 45 BC. Perhaps it's time to explain what this means. The calendar is the calculation of time according to the movement of heavenly forces. But the heavenly bodies tell us how long a year lasts, but where to start it - they keep quiet about this. Wherever you want, start from there! People did just that. After all, different nations
its chronology, its starting day, or, as they say, the starting date. Even in our time, not like in ancient times! IN Ancient Egypt the counting of time began from the accession of the pharaoh, the founder of the new dynasty. IN Ancient Greece - from the first Olympics, that’s what the ancient Greeks called sports; in Ancient Rome - from the foundation of the city, and in Rus' in ancient times, chronology was carried out from the biblical creation of the world - it came to us along with from Byzantium.

The Bible is the oldest book of the Jews, as they say, the oldest literary monument. Different peoples have their own monuments - they are called myths, eddas, sagas - and the ancient Jews have biblical tales. This is very interesting book, in many historical tales, its scientists find echoes of historical events that once took place on Ancient East. But there are also just fairy tales in the Bible, including the legend of the creation of the world, which is very naive and very poetic. Other nations also had such fairy tales, because people really wanted to explain to themselves how it all happened, that there is earth and sky, and forests grow, and all sorts of animals live in them. Where did it all come from? Where did the man himself come from? But even now, not all these questions can be answered by modern scientists, who know a lot - what can we say about the people of antiquity!

But be that as it may, the biblical story of the creation of the world was accepted by the Christian Church; it did not look for another explanation and made it the basis of a new chronology.
In Rus', chroniclers always began their records about various important events from the date and year; “In the summer of 6612 there was a sign in the sun” or: “In the summer of 6553 the Church of Hagia Sophia burned down.” This meant that the event took place in such and such a year from the creation of the world; the word “summer” itself meant the year.
Meanwhile, the Pope approved another starting date - from the birth of Christ, the founder of a new religious teaching - Christianity.
There are no mentions of Jesus Christ in history - apparently, he lives only in legends created by the people. Of course, no one can say exactly when, on what day, in what year a person was born who never existed. But they came up with such a date because they did not want to recognize the old calendar of Julius Caesar. And so the church came up with the idea that Christ was born on December 25 and counting starts from that day. And they say: “Such and such a year before the birth of Christ” or: “After the birth of Christ.”
This new starting date in Russia was introduced by Tsar Peter I after December 31, 7208 from the biblical creation of the world, January 1, 1700 after the birth of Christ.
We still adhere to this calendar - do not create something new! But we just call it the new era or our era, that is, the date from which a new count of time is carried out.