The composition of the cement mixture for the manufacture of paving slabs. Technology production of paving slabs

The tendency to decorate your own land plot Or the streets of the city paving slabs have long gained popularity. Today there is a lot of varieties this product for landscape design for every taste. Tile manufacturing technologies have been so developed and simplified that the process can easily be done with their own hands at home. Let's find out what is the composition of concrete for paving tilehow this is done by this decorative coating?

Qualitative characteristics of material

The paving slabs made of concrete solution has a lot of advantages over other street coatings. The main advantage here is a simple production process. Due to the composition, the finished product is obtained very strong, resistant to any effects of mechanical nature. This feature in a positive sense highlights the concrete paving slabs among different materials Similar destination.

Paving coatings, based on concrete, are not afraid of precipitation, raw weather, because they have elevated. The material perfectly tolerates the temperature differences, is able to withstand any frosts, which makes it possible to use it even in the north. In addition to these positive traits In the concrete paving slabs there are other good qualities:

• strength;
• durability;
• a variety of products in shape and color scheme, allowing the customer to choose exactly the option that he needs;
• simplicity that does not require special skills, skills that needs to be realized with their own hands;
• the aesthetics and attractiveness of the product;
• easy care and repair that does not occupy a lot of effort.

Components for tile mortar

Required components for work.

These ingredients include:

• concrete;
• sand from quartz or other crushed rocks;
• rubbank;
• water;
• pigment (added at the request of the manufacturer).

For the manufacture of concrete, extremely heavy grades of cement with marking M300, M350, M400, M450 are suitable here. Under the sand concrete, cement brand M400 is used. A stone or gravel can be a large filler with a minimal diameter of 1 cm. For better frozen products, heated water should be used.

Without additional impurities here either do not cost. For example, polypropylene threads that increase the period of wear tiles; Or additives that make the product resistant to moisture and leaps of temperature. Separately, I would like to focus on the pigment substances that give the product. Different color and aesthetically attractive appearance.

Check the quality of the product released, you can, knocking two tiles on each other. If the recipe during the preparation of the mixture was correct, and were accurately weathered proportions, the sound during the strike will be called ringing. If there is a deaf sound, it means that an error was allowed during the production process.

Because of this, the quality of the material suffers, problems may occur when exploiting it. Most often, such consequences arise due to the use of poor-quality clay sand either too much of a liquid aluminum.

Manufacturing technologies

To date, there are two types of landscape coating from concrete composition.

Vibratoryate

The essence of the method consists in the coupling of the prepared mixture inside the special plastic forms by means of intensive vibration. Vibration movements are carried out with the help of an electric motor, to the shaft of which eccentric has been attached. The container with concrete inside is installed on the fluctuating platform, hold it there for some time.

Then, after the latter shape with the mixture is shifted into heat for two days. The finished product is removed from the form inside the thermobassayne filled with water heated to 70-80 degrees. It is extremely undesirable to carry out the removal of the product to the established period, since the unbearable tiles are trusted, to be cleaned.

With this production method, the proportions 1: 2 - 1 part of the cement M500, 2 parts of the aggregate are used for the manufacture of concrete. The ratio of major and fine aggregates should be equal. Dry raw materials are laid inside the concrete mixer, only the water is poured there.

If you wish to make a product with color, add the desired dye, but not more than 5% of the total mass of the composition. High flexibility will give a polypropylene fiber, which also performs a reinforcing function.

Improve quality as well performance features Perhaps by adding to. The pavement tile, created by the vibration method, is distinguished among other similar products thanks to a flat glossy surface and aesthetically pleasant mind, as well as a large range for every taste, while glad the customers available prices.

The large amount of water used is worse than the resistance to minus temperatures. Eliminate this problem by adding modifying agents. However, the total cost of the product will increase significantly. The vibrating tile comes out of different thickness, which may make a slightly laying.

Vibropressing

The basis of the technology is the use of a special matrix with a composite placed inside, which is fixed to permanently oscillating vibrationtol. On top of the mixture with a large force, the punch is watered (part of the vibropress, moving inside it, as if the piston). When the matrix is \u200b\u200bcleaned, the prepared formed product remains on the platform. Advantages this method It is increased productivity, plus full automation of the process without human labor costs.

The vibropressed tile is manufactured by the proportion of 1: 3 - one share of cement M500 is used three stakes of sand or other small aggregate. Here you should not use a lot of fluid, as it can reduce the strength indicators of the product being created.

Improve operational properties The future product is possible by adding plasticizing, plus fibrovolocon materials. How much to mix the dye depends on how saturated the manufacturer wishes to make the color of the future flooring.

Products made under this method have clear geometric outlines, a rough, not moving surface, thereby facilitating people moving along the tiled paths during the ice. Paving coatings obtained by vibropressing are perfectly stored the brightness of its shade throughout the entire official term, and this is approximately 25 years.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to say about vibrolite products. The vibropressed tile is easy to grind, polish, buoy. The defective products occur much less frequently than in vibrating production.

To prepare a high-quality solution for sidewalk tiles, the proportions of the components must be respected exactly. The only case when requirements can be reduced is if the pavement tile is manufactured at home for pedestrian tracks. For many years of manufacture and operation, accurate proportions of materials included in the solution for paving slabs are developed. More recently, it was possible to meet a laid sidewalk or a break with tiles that came into disrepair due to poor-quality manufacture. Now you will not meet this. The customer has become more demanding, and suggestions on the market so much that it is sometimes difficult to make a choice of all the variety of products presented.

The advantage of paving slabs is a great variety possible options Styling.

What is part of the solution?

First, let's see what materials we need for the manufacture of the mixture.

Cement for the right solution

By default, any concrete is done on the basis of cement. In such a mixture, cement is a binding component. Depending on the geographical location, the industry produces a variety of varieties. There are portland cement, slagoportoncent, alumina and sulphate cement, sandy and pozzolan portland cements.

Selects cement brands in the range from 300 to 700. The brand is determined by the degree of strength in compression. Optimal option For the production of paving slabs - M500 brand cement. At home, you can use M400, it is cheaper. But in the mixture it is necessary to add to a greater proportion, which makes savings doubtful. And the risk of getting a poor-quality product rises.

The cement further proposed in the market varies with the presence of mineral additives and their absence. Marking will be able to disassemble: PC I-500 - Portland cement without extraneous inclusions, high-quality and able to withstand the load to 500 kg / cm2; PC II / A-W 500 - Cement with mineral supplements and it does not fit.

An important role in choosing cement is played by his party and manufacturer. For the manufacture of a specific part of paving slabs, it is desirable to buy from one manufacturer and one batch. Due to the difference in the production process, the color may differ and pick up a dye for a party of one shade will be difficult.

Crushed stone, sand and plasticizers

The second component of the mixture is crushed stone. You need to select rubble with a fraction of 5-10 mm. If you are going on an industrial scale, it is desirable to find durable with high frost resistance. Ideally, this crushed stone from granite. For home production, you can weaken the requirements: sewing rubble, crumb, large sand with pebbles from 2 to 5 mm. You can abandon the use of rubble.

Mandatory component, without which it is not to do - sand. It is best to choose a river clean without impurities. You can also sift the usual. The main thing is that the presence of clay was less than 5%.

If you intend to make color paving slabs, then you can not do without dyes. In the production of tiles use iron oxid pigment dyes. They should not burn out in the sun, to collapse under the influence of unfavorable weather conditions. Dyes are not dissolved in water, so they are mixed with cement during the preparation of the solution for sidewalk tiles. You should draw special attention To ensure that the dyes are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. Proper technology of using dyes increases the attractiveness and durability of the product.

To prevent the formation of cracks in the ready-made product, it is recommended to use another component of concrete for sidewalk tiles. Usually for this purpose use steel fittings. In our case, there is a chic more economical alternative - polypropylene fiber. It is a fiber of 5-20 mm long and a diameter of 5-50 microns and serves to increase wear-resistance and impact resistance.

And one more necessary element to create a mixture is water. Water requirement One: it should be clean.

Phased cooking plan

So, consider in several variations, how to properly prepare a solution for tiles. We will go from simple to complex. For the preparation of a solution for sidewalk tiles at home, it does not require accurate following all means. And with sufficient diligence, any recipe will be useful. Consider several options.

1. We do dry cement-sandy solution, In the surprise "Hard", in proportion 1: 1.5. Gradually add water and bring to the consistency of very thick sour cream. You can use a perforator or drill with a "mixer" with the tool. The resulting mixture neatly lay out in the molds.
2. In a large tank, we fall asleep two sand buckets, pour 6 liters of water and mix. Then, without stopping, add gradually two buckets of cement. After the mixture turned out to be sufficiently homogeneous, peeling 5 buckets of sand pouring gently with water (approximately 6 liters). The solution should turn out thick and not adhere to the trowel. Stir for a couple more minutes and you can download the mixture into the form.
3. If a mineral additive is added to the solution, a plasticizer diluted in water, the solution will acquire serious properties: elasticity and frost resistance. The resulting mixture should be sufficiently thick to be pulled out into the balls. We distribute according to the forms and using vibration form tiles.
4. So that the products are much stronger, it is necessary to add rubble, explore or microcillion into the solution. In this case, the perforator is not useful - the "mixer" will not pull the solution with the crushed and break. We will have to stir a shovel. Best option - Take advantage of the concrete mixer.

In the case of the production of paving slabs in a production scale, the approach to the preparation of concrete should be more responsible. It is advisable to get acquainted with the norms of the GOST and to accurately adhere to all parameters. Accordingly, all components of the materials are selected more carefully: cement brand is not lower than M500 without exception, sand river and clean, crushed stone exclusively granite with a fraction of 5-10 mm. It is preferably washed, supplements are used without excessive savings, the kel is preferably imported, preferably the production of Germany or the Czech Republic. When using domestic dyes, enlarge the bookmark by 60-80%. Moreover, dosages of dyes and cement cannot be changed. Otherwise, the quality and color of the paving slabs made will not be constant.

It must be remembered that the plasticizer is preparing in advance. This is done like this: in a heated to 40 degrees, the Water plasticator C-3 in the proportion of 1: 2 and is stirred for 15 minutes. With the help of a perforator with a nozzle "Mixer". Next, the solution should be arranged. It is convenient to prepare a plasticizer solution from the evening. In the morning it is quite enough to mix for 15 minutes. And you can use. The tile solution is prepared as follows. Around the concrete mixer it is necessary to arrange materials in the availability of a pair of steps. It is advisable to decide in advance how much measure tanks are used for each mixture component.

Experience shows that waving the shovel is much easier than wearing buckets.

The workplace is equipped in this way: the cement, sand and crushed stone are poured around the concrete mixer for Mach's distance around the circumference on a pre-laid metal sheets. Here is a container filled with water.

Features of working with concrete mixer

Turning on the concrete mixer, measured and not in a hurry, we begin to fill the cup component for sidewalk. Depending on the latenter of the mixer, we calculate the amount of each component per volume of one shovel.

During the work of the concrete mixer, the angle of inclination of the bowl must be 45 degrees.

Pull out from the standard recipe for the preparation of concrete for sidewalk tiles, calculated on 1 m2 of color frost-resistant tiles with a thickness of approximately 4.5 cm. The composition of this solution includes: 22 kg of cement, 54 kg of rubble, 19 kg of sand, 9 l of water and 110 gr plasticizer.

Initially fill in the concrete mixer with sand. The mode of operation is: five shots - 20 seconds. relaxation. With this method, you do not get tired and exit at the optimal time of high-quality mixing of all components. Together with sand mix the selected dye. The amount of the collector should not exceed 6% of the calculated cement volume. The next step is added rubble. Then cement. We visually control the homogeneity of the mixture of the resulting mixture. Next pour water and diluted plasticizer. Watch that the total amount of water and plasticizer does not exceed the calculated one. Carefully observe the plasticity of the resulting solution. Ideally, it should be easily formed in the balls and at the same time do not adhere to gloves. The thick of the concrete for the paving slabs will be thick, the stronger and the product is more durable. In conclusion, add polypropylene fibers. 1 m3 is enough 500-600 g fibra.

Since plasticizers added to the solution contribute to the rapid grasp of concrete, it is desirable not to pull with the placement in the forms that must be prepared and lubricated with fat in advance.

If you in the process of preparing the solution weathered the recommended ratio of all materials, then the paving slabs you make will be excellent quality.

What will allow not only with pleasure to use the fruits of their labor, but also supply reliable paving tiles of those who want.

There are many different opinions on whether it is possible to make paving slabs at home. Let's go from words to business and prove that this is possible, because the main thing is right composition Solution for paving slabs and desire!

How to make a solution for paving slabs - large production

In order to understand all the wisdom of the process of production of paving slabs, we are breathing in how it is done at large production, and on the basis of this, we will try to simplify the technology to repeat it at home. There are two methods for the production of paversing - the method of vibratingressing thick concrete mixtures with a small amount of water and the method of vibration. In the first case, without a special press could not do, so it is not interesting to us. But the technology of vibration can be repeated in domestic conditions.

By the way, the method has been used for a very long time - all plates of panel houses, road borders, pillars and foundation blocks Made precisely on this technology. For the production of paving slabs, the vibration method is needed at least a minimum of special equipment - a vibration table, a concrete mixer and forms for tile. The vibration table is a rigid construction of steel with a vibrating surface, operated by an electric or pneumatic engine. With it compact bulk materials and get rid of emptiness.

How is the usual gray tile on production? In the concrete mixer, a solution from fine-flower crushed stone, cement, sand and additives is mixed, then when the mixture is brought to the desired consistency, it is spilled by forms, pre-lubricated various compositions, and put them on the vibration table where they pass the morning and the upwards. In forms, the mixture is standn up due time, then the tile is neatly removed and is already exposed to the acquisition of the Fortress concrete.

The composition of the solution for paving slabs - what about the equipment?

How to make a solution for paving slabs and tile itself yourself? It is enough to come up with a replacement for a vibration table and a concrete mixer forced action. There is an opinion that without forced concrete mixer (that is, a device with mechanical blades inside the drum, which mixed with the solution) in such a business simply can not do, but we emphasize is only an opinion. In fact, even in production use conventional gravitational concrete mixers.

It seems that you yourself have already guessed that the vibration table at home is replaced by vibration using tapping or shock filled forms about a solid surface, with a small height, by itself. The concrete mixture of the forced principle can replace both the usual mixing device and the shovel - here as lucky with the presence of the first option. If the shovel work is still not hunting, make homemade concrete mixer! It makes no sense to look for a replacement for tile forms - they are inexpensive enough to buy them to buy them.

For home production, polyurethane are quite suitable - they are enough according to standards for a hundred cycles, while plastic forms serve 2.5 times longer, and rubber - all 500 cycles.

How to make a solution for paving slabs with your own hands without equipment?

The composition of the concrete for the "home" blocks each can vary in permissible borders, for example, the M500 cement can be replaced by a brand down, the sand is chosen from the fact that there are plasticizers and dyes to take on the basis of availability available options. Well, if we took up the household tile production, we must save it as much as possible, while not hurting the quality of the finished material. For quick production you need at least a dozen forms.

How to make a solution for paving slabs with your own hands without equipment - step-by-step scheme

Step 1: Cooking Components

Before making a solution for paving slabs with your own hands, make calculations based on the fact that to obtain 1 square meter 4.5 cm thick. You will need 20 kg of grade cement M500D0, 66 kg of rubble and sand in proportion 1: 1, dispersant - 90 grams (increases frost resistance) and 75 grams of plasticizer, which speeds up the process of frozen and gives the material a beautiful glossy surface. If you want to get a color tile, you need at least 700 grams of coloring pigment. Than brighter color You want to get, the more painting pigment you need to add. What is good paving household tiles, so this is what you can experiment with the colors, tones and saturation of the paints.

Step 2: Dilute Plasticizer and Disperser

This step can be skipped if you decide to save on additional components. If you decide not to save, mix the components in water thoroughly and go to the next step.

Step 3: We work with a concrete mixer

If you have a concrete mixer, we fall asleep in the drum inside the drum (fraction 3-5), sand and cement. The dry makeup should move as it should be done, and only water is added - you should have about 15-17 liters on your pickup. It follows to interfere until the solution becomes monotonous. The solution of proper consistency should stand on the trowel, if it is blown, you need to add more sand and cement. In this case, the solution should be spread even when tapping in shape hand. For color tiles, which is made of two layers ( upper layer - Color, lower - conventional tile solution), make a separate embossing sand and cement (1: 1) and dye. If there are no concrete mixers, this whole process can be repeated manually in large tank - Of course, it will take you more time, but the result you will receive with due diligence not worse.

Step 4: Lubricate forms

The inner surface of the shapes should be lubricated by a very thin layer. sunflower oil. Apply the oil with a brush, and then pass the rag - the surface should be slightly fat, but there should be no visible drops of fat. This is done in order to get a perfectly smooth, uniform surface without bubbles.

Step 5: Pouring solution in forms

Forms on a rigid surface are poured with the solution with the resulting solution and intensively shake several seconds. If you want to make a colored tile, first pour the colored solution (less than a third of the thickness of the tile) and then decay from above the usual mixture. Pour them in turns for different angles, catch a little on the surface on which they stand, rubber hammer or slightly catchy by them forms themselves. Do not overdo it - they can crack from a strong impact, which should be taken into account when knocking finished tiles. Clean the surface with half-sash, cover polyethylene film And leave for 1-2 days under the canopy.

Step 6: Know tiles from forms

It should be hit on a soft surface, for example, a straw or an old blanket - tiles have not yet purchased the final fortress, for this they still need to stand in a cool shaded place for no less than a week, but better and the whole month. It is very important to lower the shapes before knocking out tiles for several minutes into the water heated to 50 ° C. Repeat the process until you get the required number of tiles, experiment with color gamut and forms, but do not move away from the technological process, which has been tested for decades of blocking blocks.

Paving tile made of cement mortar, outpassed materials from the market for the arrangement of pedestrian and garden tracks Asphalt and heavy concrete. The reason for the popularity of paving slabs is a number of advantages, including: all-season styling, maintainability, aesthetic attractiveness, strength, durability and resistance to harmful factors.

In addition, the solution for paving slabs and actually paving slabs can be made at home, not attracting expensive hired labor.

Composition and proportion of solution for paving slabs

Concrete plants do not produce solutions for sale for the manufacture of paving slabs, so it is impossible to purchase ready-made material. At the moment, the GOST gost regulating the composition and technology of preparing the solution for the production of modern paving slabs is in development.

Therefore, to mix the solution for paving slabs with their own hands, you should be guided by the requirements set forth in GOST 17608-91 "concrete pavement plates". Regulations Compiled on the basis of theoretical calculations of confirmed practical studies, so strictly followed by their requirements, is the key to a guaranteed positive result.

The starting point for determining the brand and, respectively, the proportions of the sidewalk tile is the class of compressive strength and frost resistance, depending on the maximum possible low ambient temperature in the region of operation. We reduce this data in Table 1.

Table 1. Sollar brands for the manufacture of paving slabs

In accordance with the requirements of GOST 17608-91, the composition for laying paving slabs includes the following components:

• Community portland cement brand CEM I 32.5N PC (M400).
• Sand.
• Granite rubble, gravel crushed stone, domain slag satisfying requirements for the maximum size of element fractions: 10 mm for products with a thickness of up to 50 millimeters, 20 mm for products with a thickness of more than 50 mm.
• Water. At the same time, the amount of water should be no more than 0.4 of the mass of cement.
• Plasticizing and air ducting additive.
• Pigments.

Table 2. Cement mortar proportions for paving slabs

Mark.	Strength class	Proportions	Weight components per 1 m3, kg
			Cement	Sand	Crusheden	Water
M300	B22.5	1:2:3,3:0,4	337	670	1105	135
M350	B25	1:1,7:3:0,4	378	646	1095	150
M400	B30.	1:1,5:2,6:0,4	420	623	1083	168
M450	B35	1:1,3:2,3:0,4	460	600	1073	184

When preparing the solution, add additional components:

• Plasticizer C3: 0.3-0.7% of the weight of cement.
• The airflowing additive START: 0.1-0.02 on the weight of cement.
• Pigment for concrete: 5-10% of the weight of cement.

Additional components are introduced into the shutter and stir well. Further, the portion of the mixture is poured into a mixture of the main components and mix the resulting composition to a homogeneous consistency.

Technology laying paving slabs per solution

There are two paving slabs styling technologies - Laying on dry sand, mixed with dry cement and laying of paving slabs on cement mortar. The first option is recommended to use for the arrangement of garden and parking and pedestrian tracks. Laying of paving slabs on a concrete solution is practiced if a car movement is possible on the site or sidewalk.

How to put the pavement tile on the solution? Step-by-step instruction:

• Playground preparation: markup, digging a depth of 100-150 mm, dumping a pillow with a grams with a thickness of 50 mm, an uphone device 2-3 ° to remove rain or melt water, tamping, surface alignment.
• Preparation of the solution. For laying paving slabs, a cement-sandy solution M75 is used. Component proportions: Portland cement CEM I 32.5N PC (M400) -1 part, sand -4 parts, water -1 part. The number of components per 1 m3 solution: cement -283 kg, sand-1390 kg, water-285 liters. Sand and cement hurry in a dry state in a convenient way. Next add water and stirred to a homogeneous "creamy" mass.
• Fill. The prepared platform is poured with a solution. Fill thickness 5 cm. Somnation area of \u200b\u200bfill 1 m2.
• Laying tiles on a flooded pad. Fill the next 1 m2. Laying tiles, etc.

"Portion" pouring with a solution and "portion" laying of paving slabs is necessary for a subsequent reason. If you pour the whole area with a solution, it will begin to be captured, so the tile will fall unevenly.

Than laundering the paving slabs from the solution

When laying the tile on the solution, its particles will necessarily fall on the facial surface. The easiest way to keep the facial surface of the tile tile is to perform the work as accurately follow the following rules:

• Remove the spray of the solution immediately after entering the surface.
• Store the reserve of cement and prepare a solution at a certain distance from the placed sites.
• From time to time to wash the surface from cement dust.

If, despite the accuracy, the solution was still on the surface of the tile and frozen, it is possible to clean the sidewalk tiles from the solution in the following ways: beaten with a spatula or chisel or gently clean the corner griffer equipped with a cup metal brush.

Apply chemical detergents Not recommended. The fact is that the main active substance of all chemicals is orthophosphoric acid or a mixture of acids converting cement and concrete solutions into an amorphous mass. Since the paving slabs is a frozen concrete solution, chemicals Can damage its surface or lay the premise to destruction.

Conclusion

Paving tile, made at home without the use of special equipment - vibrostol, steam generator and other steaming devices finished product No durability and durability. Therefore, for the arrangement is more expensive and the sites of experiencing increased mechanical loads, the paving slabs made in the factory conditions should be purchased.

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Paving tile - Material for covering sidewalks, streets, approaches to buildings, parking lots and garden tracks. Make it out natural stone, burned clay or concrete, which is different from concrete for general construction work. The consumer offers many different species Tiles, differing from each other with dimensions, format and color.

The most common type of paving slabs is a concrete tile, the manufacture of which is carried out in two ways: vibrating or vibropressing. Both methods provide a solid, aesthetically attractive material. The strength of vibrolic products is provided by a significant content in the cement concrete, and a reduced amount of cement is compensated by pressing the mixture in the vibropressed material.

If you wish to have original paving slabs in your site, you can make it with your own hands. To do this, use the method of vibration, which, with the knowledge of the recipe for the manufacture of the solution, is quite applicable at home. Special forms defining the format and configuration of the future product are filled with concrete, after which the mixture is sealing with vibration. Such forms can also be made independently made of metal strips of various configurations, fastened with each other with welding.

The strength of the paving paving slabs is depends on the composition, proportions and the quality of the components used in the preparation of concrete. Equally important is the observance of tile manufacturing technology providing for an additive to the composition of the dispersant concrete or plasticizer to increase the technical characteristics.

The dispersant and plasticizer have the same origin, but differ in the proportions of the components of the elements, the content of the main active substance. The plasticizer contains a smaller proportion of the active substance, so the plasticizer can be used as a dispersing component, and the dispersant due to the price factor for plasticization to use it is impractical.

Solutions for paving tile molding

Consider the composition of the mixtures used to fill the forms with their own hands at home.

Paving tile consists of two layers: facial and main. The functions performed by these layers are different, so concrete compositions for their formation differ from each other. Filling forms are made in two stages: first the form is partially poured with concrete for the front part, and then the residue volume is filled with a mixture for the main layer of the product.

The composition of the solution for the fill of the facial layer

The front part of the paving slabs should be a glossy, high-strength, 1.5-2 cm thick.

The composition of the mixture of the facial part:

• cement brand 500;
• SHPS (crushed stone mixture), screening - a mixture of granite or gravel rubble fraction 5-10 mm with sifted sand proportion 1: 1;
• water;
• dye;
• dispersant.

Preparation of dispersant solution

The dispersant is a special additive, a surfactant, a type of plasticizer, which is present in the recipe for the preparation of the solution to improve its fluidity, accelerate the mixing of the mixture, increase the solidness and imparting the gloss facial surface of the product. The use of this additive also facilitates the process of removing material from the shape after a hole.

When pouring the front part, the NF disperser (naphthalene formaldehyde) is widely used, which is produced two brands: A and B. Both brands have proven themselves well, but the brand B due to the complexity of manufacture is much more expensive. Dolapix PC 67, P-WX-1-CX and GENAPOL PF 80 PULVER are also successfully used as dispersing additives to the concrete of the first layer.

Dry dispersant with her own hands dissolves water temperature 60 degrees in proportion 1: 4, after which each 50 kg of cement is added 1 liter of solution. Before use, the dispersant solution is stirred without heating. The finished additive is not recommended to store more than 5 days.

The flow rate of the dry dispersant is 0.5-0.7% of the weight of cement.

When working with the disperser, it is necessary to apply individual protection From the product from entering the skin, mucous membranes and penetration of its dust and vapor into respiratory and digestion organs, as well as to follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Concrete Racks for Facial Layer

The proportions of cement and discraining in the manufacture of a solution for the first layer are 1: 2, that is, one part of the cement into 2 parts of the discravan. On a concrete example, it looks like this: 8-10 liters of water poured into the concrete mixer, 0.75 liters of dispersant solution, 3 buckets of discrain, 3 buckets (36 kg) cement and 3 more dropouts. In the manufacture of tiles of uniform colored coloring in water, the dye is pre-added until the desired shade is obtained. The total amount of dye in the mixture should not exceed 4-5% of the volume of the kneading.

If you need to make the next batch of the same color, the proportion of the dye should be remembered. Replacement in the recipe for gray cement White of the same brand 500 allows you to make a paving tile of bright colors. If you pour in shape solutions for the facial layer different colorswithout stirring them carefully, you can get the original coloring of the tile, imitating a slice of natural stone.

To obtain a homogeneous mixture, all components are mixed in a concrete mixer 10-15 minutes before receiving a homogeneous consistency mass of thick sour cream, and it is laid out in support. In order to avoid separating products, the time interval between the fills of the first and second layers should be no more than 20 minutes.

The composition of the solution for filling the main layer

Concrete for the main layer of tile has the same composition as for the facial, but instead of the dispersant, a plasticizer is used, for example, "SP-1" or "LamiX P-120". To prepare a solution of the main layer, the cement is mixed with the screening in proportion one to three. Calculation of the consumption of the plasticizer makes it identical to the calculation of the dispersant consumption.

Summary for the main layer

Let's give specific example Compliance with proportions in the manufacture of concrete for the main layer. The concrete mixer poured 10-12 liters of water, 0.75 liters of plasticizer solution, 5 buckets of discrain, 3 buckets (36 kg) cement and 4 more drops of dropouts. The dye in the manufacture of the solution of the main volume of the product is not added. The mixture is also reached within 10-15 minutes to the consistency of sour cream and laid out in Badew.

For reference: in order to prepare concrete at home for 1 m2 of sidewalks with a thickness of 4.5 cm, you will need:

• cement - 20 kg;
• Shps (screening) - 70 kg;
• dispersant (first layer) - 0.09 kg;
• plasticizer (second layer) - 0.075 kg;
• pigment - 0.6-0.8 kg.