Electric instantaneous water heaters: how they work and how to choose them. How to choose the right instantaneous electric water heater

Knowing the principles of design and operation different kind equipment, you can decide which water heater is better to buy and why.

Types of water heaters: a brief description

There are several reasons for classifying water heaters.

By type of energy source

• gas
• electrical

Gas-fired water heaters are installed in most Khrushchev houses, this is the most efficient and economical way to heat water. Since the days of the Soviet Union, little has changed in the design of equipment: the gas heats up water, which passes through pipes over a burning flame. To install such a heater, a centralized gas supply is required plus the arrangement of a chimney to remove combustion products. The flame monitoring system prevents gas leaks. It is also possible to connect the heater to a liquefied gas cylinder, for example, for temporary use in the country.

In the second type of equipment, the water temperature is increased by those powered by electricity heating elements(Heating element). Power of devices 3.5 - 27 kW, smooth and step switching is provided temperature regimes... Since there is electricity in any home, this type of device is universal, although it is more energy-intensive than gas.

In question: which is the best electric water heater- the way in which the water is heated plays an important role. And for this you need to understand what the heating element is.

What is heating element

The heating element is a tubular electric heater, a metal tube with a diameter of 6 to 24 mm, inside which there is a heat-conducting electrical insulator. A nichrome thread is laid in the middle of the insulator, which conducts current and transfers the necessary power to the surface of the heating element. When the water heater is connected to the network, the heating element begins to heat up using an electric current.

Water heating principle

• flowing
• cumulative

Instantaneous water heaters are small in size, heat the liquid in real time using a built-in heating element. They act on the principle: turn on the tap - get hot water. back side high performance - high power of the device.

Storage water heaters are tanks: cold water is drawn inside and gradually heated to a predetermined temperature with the help of a heating element. But in this case high power not required. Such a device is capable of serving several water points. After spending the stock hot water- you have to wait until a new portion is prepared. Let's try to figure out which water heater is better: instantaneous or storage.

There are still others - flow-through storage models. They differ in compact size (from 10 to 30 liters, weight up to 6 kg) and the ability to work at low water consumption - in the storage mode, and when you need to quickly get hot liquid - in the flow-through device mode. The heating element is the same heating element.

By type of control

• Hydraulic control- typical for not expensive models... When opening the tap, the lever electrical switch it is driven by a hydraulic block, which consists of a stem and a diaphragm. Depending on the thrust force, the lever assumes the power positions "stage 1" or "stage 2". If the tap is tightened, it becomes in the "off" position. Models are available where only 1 stage is provided. The control panel contains, as a rule, one regulator.

Disadvantages of this control: at a minimum pressure, the water heater may not turn on; power change occurs abruptly; the use of appliances over 9 kW at several points of draw-off will lead to high temperature fluctuations.

When deciding which water heater is better to buy, you should pay attention to the second type of system.

• Electronic control- more modern version equipping water heaters with sensors and microprocessors that control the water temperature and maintain its value. The system regulates them automatically according to the specified parameters, which helps to more economically use energy. On front panel there are mechanical controls and buttons, sometimes a display. Such devices can operate at two or three water points.

Disadvantage: rarely, but still sometimes the electronics fail, and then you need to change the entire unit. The new unit is expensive.

Instantaneous electric water heater

The main feature of such devices and the difference from storage devices is that the water flow is heated not in a special tank, but when it passes through the device itself. The built-in heating element increases the water temperature to the level of + 45-60 ° С, it is set programmatically.

Usually it is a rectangular container, on the long side it rarely exceeds 30 cm, about 10 cm deep, weighs within 2 kg. Its modest size allows it to be wall-mounted without interfering with other devices. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of the equipment, you can consciously approach the choice: instantaneous water heater - which one is better?

Pluses of instantaneous water heaters

• hot water is dispensed instantly;
• due to their modest size, they are installed even in tight spaces, on the wall;
• allow you to set the desired heating temperature;
• do not need frequent maintenance.

Minuses

• require significant electrical power (up to 27 kW), due to this, they are limited in application: models over 8 kW are usually installed in apartments with an electric stove, because the wiring in this case will withstand a heavy load without leading to a short circuit. Before buying, be sure to discuss this issue with the electrician who serves the house in order to decide which water heater is best to install;
• the installation of powerful models (from 5-8 kW) includes the arrangement of grounding, the devices are connected directly to the network - in contrast to the brothers, which have a cord and plug in the kit;
• they work only with a constant high pressure, with a weak one - the water becomes too hot, or even stops heating altogether, because the protection of the heating element is activated. With a sharp drop in pressure and in the absence of protection, the heating element can burn out;
• on the upper floors in apartment building the water pressure is not stable, here instantaneous water heaters will not be effective. The installation of a special pump will help to solve the problem, which will increase the pressure in the supply line, but this is already an additional cost.

Installation of instantaneous water heater

The installation method depends on the type of flow-through equipment: pressure or gravity. If you learn the principle of their work, then in the future there will be no difficulties in a dispute about which is the best electric water heater to buy for your home.

• Pressure.
  Due to the presence of constant pressure, they can produce hot water in a large volume at the same time for several points (bath, shower, sink, sink). The device cuts into a pipe, which is connected to a cold water supply through a tee. This pipe can be branched around the house and use hot water from several taps. The device reacts to the water pressure, turning on and off automatically (when the pressure decreases, it turns off). It requires more power (from 8 kW) and reliable wiring, it is more expensive than the second type.

If you choose a water heater for an apartment: which one is better to buy? When you want to take a shower, and wash dishes in the kitchen with water at a pleasant temperature, it is better to install pressure devices.

• Free-flow.
  They should be installed only next to the water taps and provide only one functional place with hot water, so you will need to buy a water heater for each tap. In terms of power, they operate in the range of up to 8 kW, cannot boast of significant performance, and have a simpler design. Models are equipped with shower and kitchen attachments. Suitable for dwellings with unstable or low water pressure. Great for country house, where they will regularly serve for several years. For apartments and large houses, pressure head is more effective.

How to choose the power of an instantaneous electric water heater?

The task of the device is to have time to heat water up to the right temperature and in the right amount, and for this you need to correctly determine the power. Comparing this indicator will help to find out which water heaters are best for a particular situation.

Manufacturers endow flow models with a power from 3 to 27 kW:

• 3 - 3.5 kW - suitable for old buildings;
• 3 - 8 kW - they are connected to a regular 220 Volt socket (single-phase voltage) after consultation with an electrician;
• 8 - 27 kW - used in apartments with electric stoves and sockets with three-phase voltage of 380 volts.

In order to choose the right power and determine: an instantaneous water heater, which is better, you will have to remember the arithmetic and refer to the table:

Average hot water consumption

You will also need a special formula:
P = Q * (T1 - T2) * 0.073, where
P is the capacity of the water heater required (kW);
Q - water flow (l / min);
T1 - water temperature at the outlet of the device (° С);
T2 - inlet water temperature (° С).

Let's make calculations using an example and understand which is the best electric water heater to buy. You need a water heater to take a shower. It is necessary that an average of 6 liters of heated water flow out of the device. Let's take a comfortable temperature for washing +38 ° С. At the inlet to the heater, water is supplied with a temperature of +5 ° C (the calculation is done for the winter period).

These numbers need to be substituted into the formula:
P = 6 * (38-5) * 0.073 = 14.45

That is, you need a water heater with a capacity of 14 kW or more. If the equipment will be used for several draw-off points at once, then the power obtained when calculating the consumption point itself must be doubled. Electricity consumption occurs only in those minutes when hot water is consumed.

Which water heater is better to buy in terms of performance

If everything is in order with the electrical wiring in an apartment or house, the main criterion when buying a device is performance: the volume of water in liters that heats up in a minute.

Typically, this characteristic is indicated in the technical certificate of the product. It is necessary to compare the declared figure with the household water consumption. You can calculate it in a simple way: take a bucket with a volume of 8 liters, turn on the shower and set it to the usual pressure and temperature. Observe the time of filling the bucket: if the container is completely filled in one minute, then the optimal performance of the future water heater is 8 l / min.

For example, flow-through electric models with a capacity of 3-8 kW produce from 2 to 6 liters of hot water in 1 minute. It is believed that this amount is quite enough to carry out urgent hygiene procedures.

Instantaneous water heaters of which company is better: an overview of popular models

The choice of a specific device depends on the desired performance and the power that the electrical wiring in the house can withstand. No less important is the manufacturer, which is responsible for the quality of products with its own reputation.

On the Russian market there are flow-through electrical equipment:

• Electrolux (Sweden)
• AEG, Clage, Bosch, Stiebel Eltron (Germany)
• Kospel (Poland)
• Hyundai (South Korea)
• Thermex (manufactured in Russia using Italian technology) and many others.

Let's talk about the most popular models of these brands (according to the Yandex.Market service, October 2016). The review will help you decide which water heaters are better to buy if you settled on a flow-through version.

Thermex Stream 350

• Rectangular water heater with dimensions 160x260x95 mm and a power of 3.5 kW (220 V).
• Wall-mounted, equipped with a faucet, shower head, shower hose.
• There is an indication of inclusion. The manufacturer gives a 2-year warranty.
• Cost: from 1 949 to 3 500 rubles.

Advantages: compactness, ease of installation. Consumers note in reviews that for its price it is a pretty good unit.
Disadvantages: short power cord, noise during operation, the required high temperature is achieved only with a small pressure of water.

Electrolux Smartfix 2.0 5.5 TS

• Free-flow device with a productivity of 3.1 l / min at a power of 5.5 kW (220 V).
• Designed to service a single point of draw-off, equipped with overheating protection.
• It has very small dimensions 270x135x100 mm, weighs only 1.3 kg, is equipped with a shower head and a hose, as well as a tap.
• Cost: from 2,429 to 4,180 rubles.

In the question of which water heater is best for an apartment, the owners often start from the size of the product.

Advantages: As a plus, buyers note the compactness of the device and an acceptable price, at maximum power, the water consumption and temperature are optimal.

Disadvantages: substandard components may come across; to get hot water, you need to reduce the flow to the minimum. It is better to connect a residual current device so as not to arrange short circuits in the apartment.

Stiebel Eltron DHC 8

• Instantaneous water heater, designed for several points of draw-off (pressure).
• Productivity 4.1 l / min, power 8 kW (220 V), dimensions 200x362x105 mm.
• Built-in overheating protection
• Cost: from 18,211 to 26,500 rubles.

Advantages: small dimensions, on summer period can completely replace the central hot water supply.
Disadvantages: in winter, there is not enough power to provide a comfortable temperature and water pressure for the shower.

AEG MP 8

• Pressure flow unit with a capacity of 8 kW (220 V).
• With a productivity of 4.4 l / min, it serves several taps.
• Dimensions 212x360x93 mm
• Cost: from 19 845 to 26 200 rubles.

Advantages: powerful device, heats water well, build quality. Ideal in the summer (when the central hot water supply is turned off), and at this time almost everyone thinks about which water heater will best save the day.
Disadvantages: no additional power regulation, requires a separate power line. To heat water in winter, you will need a more powerful device.

Timberk WHEL-7 OC

• Free-flow model with a power of 6.5 kW (220 V), dimensions 272x159x112 mm.
• The device is designed to serve one water intake point.
• A safety valve is installed inside, there is an overheating protection system, a function for limiting the heating temperature.
• Productivity is 4.5 l / min, the unit is equipped with a tap and a water filter.
• Cost: from 2,042 to 4,250 rubles.

Advantages: ease of installation, price, perfectly saves when hot water supply is turned off.
Disadvantages: after a while, one of the heating stages stops working.

Electric storage water heater

Working principle: cold water flows into a large storage tank, here it is heated and then fed to the taps. Such devices are capable of constantly providing a sufficient amount of hot water for a family of several people and, in parallel, several points of water intake. To find out which storage water heater is better, you need to understand the features of the operation and the filling of this type of device.

Pluses of storage water heaters

• provide a significant supply of hot water (up to 300 l);
• convenient and easy to install and use; containers of 5-15 liters are easily installed above or under the sink;
• are cheaper than flow models;
• heat the water to the required temperature (35-85 ° C) and turn off automatically;
• economical power consumption in comparison with flow-through; when the liquid cools down by 0.5 ° C, the heater is activated to heat it;
• have a vertical and horizontal arrangement;
• suitable for old apartments and houses with poor electrical wiring, because even the most efficient devices have a power of no more than 3 kW.

Minuses

In a controversy: which water heater is better - flow or storage, it is important to take into account the disadvantages of using this type:

• the large size of the water heater will require free space for installation, in small bathrooms this will lead to even greater crampedness;
• water heating occurs gradually, it takes time;
• having used up the entire tank, you need to be patient while a new portion of hot water is prepared;
• heat loss in standby mode is inevitable even with the best thermal insulation.

How does an electric storage type water heater work?

Outwardly impressive and monolithic, the drive has a simple internal design.

Water supply, storage and output system

• Tank. For home use, tanks with a volume of 5 to 300 liters are made of steel with a protective layer inside. The service life and cost of the drive depends on the type of this internal coating: in the cheapest devices it is made of glass porcelain, more expensive - it has titanium sputtering, in the most expensive - from stainless steel.
• Thermal insulation. It is present in storage water heaters only and is responsible for the duration of heat retention. From thickness and quality insulating material the rate of water cooling depends. The most common option is polyurethane with a thickness of 30-80 mm, in premium products 80-110 mm. What is the best water heater to choose for an apartment? If the tank is used only in summer, standard thermal insulation is sufficient.
• Cold water pipe. Has a safety valve that prevents liquid from flowing out of the tank.
• Hot water outlet. Long, steel, extending to the upper half of the tank. Through it, the heated water is displaced by the cold water coming from below. If the water in the water supply is turned off or the pressure is small, then the heated liquid will not flow from the equipment either.

Water heating system

• Heating element. As in the case of flow-through models, it heats up from electricity and heats up the water poured into the drive. Made of stainless steel or copper, silver plated copper. To minimize the formation of scale, it is covered with an enamel layer, at the same time this increases its efficiency. It can be curved, U-shaped, or spiral-shaped.
• Magnesium anode. Located next to the heating element on the flange. Protects the walls of the tank and the surface of the heating element from internal electrochemical processes: due to its own destruction, it attracts scale. Therefore, it must be cleaned and changed regularly.
• Thermal relay. This is a device that turns on and off the water heater in order to maintain the temperature set by the consumer.

External elements

• Frame. Protects internal parts of equipment and serves as a decorative function. Manufacturing materials - painted metal, plastic, stainless steel for expensive models.
• Protective cover. Prevents contact with live electrical parts and their contacts.
• Brackets, power cord, power indicator, thermometer.

How to choose the right tank volume?

To clarify which storage water heater is better, first you need to study the table of the average total hot water consumption.

The expense for a specific point must be multiplied by the number of households. For example: it is necessary to provide a family of 3 people with hot water with a temperature of +60 ° C. Let's say each of them takes a shower every day, plus one person washes the dishes for everyone. We get: the average water consumption in the shower 20 liters multiplied by 3 and add the average 12 liters to the kitchen sink. Total: 60 + 12 = 72 liters at the indicated temperature. This family needs a storage water heater of at least 80 liters of volume.

Common volumes in the product line of most manufacturers: 5, 10, 30, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 300, 400 liters. If it is not possible to install one large one, it is logical to use two water heaters - one each in the bathroom and one in the kitchen.

Which water heater is best for a particular case?

It is believed that:

• storage equipment with a volume of 100 to 300 liters is suitable for living outside the city;
• for summer residents and just washing dishes in the kitchen, 5 - 15 liters are enough;
• in an apartment, the best option is a tank of up to 120 liters, with such a tank, you can use hot water in parallel in the kitchen and in the bathroom.

Installation of a storage water heater

Units with a volume of up to 150 liters are most often designed for wall mounting using brackets and hooks driven into the wall. The wall must be load-bearing to support the weight of a tank full of water. There are two types of placement: vertical and horizontal - they are determined for each model by the manufacturer, and it is forbidden to violate the orientation. Horizontal tanks can be hung from the ceiling, this will save space.

Heaters with a reservoir of more than 150 liters are floor standing, they are located on a solid, level surface without any additional fasteners.

Connect the drive to the water supply using flexible wiring. You need to turn on the device in the network after the tank is completely filled with water.

Why descale your equipment?

Which water heater - instantaneous or storage - will show itself better in practice? The one that will last longer and more efficiently.

The main enemy of storage heaters is scale on the heating element. At first, it becomes covered with a thin limescale, which eventually turns into a thick crust. As a result, the heating element heats itself, the heat does not leave it anywhere - the protective relay is triggered, and the water heater turns off spontaneously.

The first sign that scale has appeared in the system is a strong increase in electricity consumption, the water heats up longer. Even due to a 3 mm lime layer, the device will lose up to 5-10% of heat, and its efficiency will decrease by a quarter.

Conclusion: The heating element must be cleaned.

This can be done in two ways.

• Mechanical: the heating element is taken out of the tank and, while it is not dry, the plaque is removed from it with a metal brush or wooden spatula. You need to act carefully so that the surface of the heating element itself does not suffer.
• Chemical: using special solutions that are designed for descaling and are sold in stores (like cleaning agents electric kettles). They are added to a bucket of water, then the heating element is completely immersed there. In this case, it is important that no chemicals get on the sealing gum, because having lost their elasticity, they will begin to leak.

• descale equipment at least once a year;
• do not heat the water constantly at the maximum;
• once a month, it is allowed to bring the heating temperature to a higher value in order to disinfect the tank.

At the same time, limescale deposits can not be removed from the walls of the tank: they act as an additional layer of thermal insulation.

Electric storage water heater manufacturers

On the Russian market, you can purchase models:

• Timberk (international holding)
• Gorenje (Slovenia)
• Thermex (Italy - Russia)
• Electrolux (Sweden)
• Stiebel Eltron (Germany)
• Ariston (Italy)
• Atmor (Georgia)
• Zanussi (China)

Water heaters of which company is better to buy depends on the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.

Review of popular models and consumer reviews

Thermex Flat Plus IF 50V

• Pressure water heater with vertical connection, works at several points of water intake.
• Internal tank lining made of stainless steel.
• There is a function of accelerated heating, protection against overheating, equipped with a thermometer and display, an additional pipe for the self-cleaning / drainage system.
• Volume 50 l, power 2 kW (220 V), dimensions 436x887x235 mm.
• Cost from 10,300 to 18,528 rubles.

Advantages: ease self installation, nice design, stainless steel tank.
Disadvantages: the degree of heating does not always show accurately, when the light is turned off, it "forgets" to keep the set temperature and requires manual activation.

Electrolux EWH 50 Royal

• Pressure water heater with a volume of 50 liters and a power of 2 kW (220 V), with a vertical orientation, size 433x860x255 mm.
• Heats water up to +75 ° С.
• There is a function of accelerated heating, limiting the heating temperature, thermometer, indication of inclusion.
• The tank is covered with stainless steel inside.
• Cost: from 8,600 to 16,300 rubles.

Advantages: dimensions, fast water heating, beautiful design.
Disadvantages: unreliable standard fasteners, many complaints about tank leaks.

Ariston ABS PRO R 80V

• Pressure model with a volume of 80 liters and a power of 1.5 kW (220 V), size 450x758x480 mm, vertical orientation.
• Heats water also up to +75 ° С maximum. Serves several points of water intake.
• Functions like the previous device.
• Cost: from 5 800 to 14 188 rubles.

Advantages: inexpensive price, small power, which even the old wiring can withstand. Easy to operate.
Disadvantages: sometimes a whistling sound appears when heated, needs regular descaling.

Gorenje OTG 80 SL B6

• Pressure water heater with a volume of 80 liters, power 2 kW (220 V), dimensions 420x950x445 mm.
• The inner lining is made of enamel.
• Heats up to +75 ° C. Equipped with a check valve, protective magnesium anode, overheating protection. Freeze prevention mode provided.
• Cost: from 9,044 to 14,650 rubles.

Advantages: good thermal insulation, quiet operation, easy installation.
Disadvantages: the package does not include a cable and a hose for draining water from the safety valve.

Thermex Champion ER 80H

• Horizontal pressure model with a tank volume of 80 liters, a power of 1.5 kW (220 V), size 798x455x455 mm.
• There is a thermometer, a protective magnesium anode, glass ceramics as an inner coating.
• Cost: from 6 450 to 10 790 rubles.

Advantages: low power consumption, convenient temperature control.
Disadvantages: may display the temperature incorrectly, an annual replacement of the magnesium anode is required.

Which water heater is better: instantaneous or storage?

The final comparison table will help determine the difficult choice of electrical equipment.

Flowing		Cumulative
pros	Minuses	pros	Minuses
compact size	high power consumption	impressive supply of hot water	takes time to heat up
water heats up instantly	you need a separate power cable and RCD on the electrical panel	do not require additional wiring during installation	for large models, it is necessary to allocate space for installation
heating temperature can be adjusted	work well only with constant high water pressure	save energy consumption with automatic on / off switch	heat loss in standby mode
perfect for an apartment when hot water is turned off in summer, as well as for summer cottages		suitable for apartments and country houses for both periodic and permanent use

When buying, the decisive criteria should be: the number of family members, the required amount of water, the state of the electrical network, the number of water points. If the independent choice of the type and characteristics of the water heater seems difficult, it is better to seek help from specialists.

In the company "TopDom" when arranging an apartment or country house we will always tell you which water heater is better to choose.

Among the huge number of boiler models on the market, it is quite difficult to decide on the choice of a suitable unit. How to choose the right water heater among this set?

Before choosing a boiler, you need to decide on your needs, and think about what needs the unit will be used for. All devices are divided into several types:

• electric, flow-through type;
• electric storage type;
• flowing gas;
• storage gas;
• devices of an indirect type.

Electric flow-through units

A distinctive feature of instantaneous electric water heaters is their compactness and ease of installation... it perfect option for a country house. Also, such a unit is easy to place in a bathroom, in a kitchen cabinet or under a sink.

The water in this device is heated by the built-in powerful heating element located in a small tank through which the liquid passes. When water comes into contact with the heating element, it quickly heats up and goes to the place of consumption. The only drawback of such boilers is that they have great power up to 8 kW and above: not all wiring in the house can withstand such a load. Therefore, for the flow-through unit, it is necessary to pull a separate cable from electrical panel, and the wire cross-section should be selected taking into account the load in a particular situation.

The disadvantages also include high electricity consumption.

Electric storage boilers

This is the most widespread and popular type of apparatus. The choice of such a water heater for an apartment can be considered the best option. The electric storage water heater not only heats the liquid to the required temperature, but also keeps the water hot long time like in a thermos. Heat is retained by thick thermal insulation between the tank and the external tank of the device. The heated water is sufficient for use at several points at the same time. A heating element (tubular electric heater) is used as a heat source in the unit. Warm water rises and goes to the consumer through a drain pipe, the intake of which is in the upper part.

For storage devices, there are several recommendations on how to choose the right boiler, based on the design features:

• tank material;
• varieties of heating elements - "wet" and "dry".

Inner tank material

Modern boilers are equipped with an internal tank with glass-ceramic coating. Such a coating protects the tank from corrosion, but is very sensitive to temperature changes, as a result of which microcracks can form. But there are also devices with containers made of of stainless steel, or from it, but covered with a layer of titanium enamel. Since the water is constantly in the tank, corrosion of the welds is inevitable over time. To extend the service life of the internal tanks in the units are installed magnesium anodes(metal rods with magnesium spraying). Therefore, before choosing a water heater, pay attention to the material of the tank and its inner lining.

If we consider that the model with stainless steel tanks is guaranteed for 7-10 years, then the choice of such a water heater for an apartment is preferable.

Varieties of heating elements

"Wet" heating element looks like a regular boiler. It consists of a copper tube, into which a nichrome spiral is embedded, filled with a dielectric.

During the operation of the heater, as in the case of the boiler, the accumulation of scale is inevitable. And if the water in the line has an increased hardness, then the surface of the tube will very quickly overgrow with plaque, as a result of which heat transfer will be lost. The heating element will start to overheat and eventually burn out. Consequently, in areas where water has high hardness values, it is not recommended to install boilers with open heaters. Therefore, before choosing electric boiler for an apartment, you should consider chemical composition water. In addition, the exposed parts of the heater enter into a galvanic reaction with the internal tank, from which it is subject to electrochemical destruction.

"Dry" heating elements do not have contact with the liquid in the tank. They can be different in design, but they are united by the fact that the heaters are installed in special tubes soldered to the flange, or a protective flask, also installed on the flange, which is hermetically attached to the bottom of the tank.

As a result, boilers with “dry” heaters have a longer service life when operating with hard water. Although scale collects on the protective covers, it takes more time than open heating elements. Therefore, preventive maintenance and descaling is required every 2 years. Also due to reduce electrochemical corrosion, the internal tanks of the devices are in working order longer, provided that the magnesium anode has not developed (it is required to check for preventive maintenance).

Flowing gas

Flow-type gas heaters (gas water heaters) are most often used in the private sector, where there is a gas supply, water supply and a chimney in the house. But before you choose a boiler for your home, in this case a gas one, you should take into account that you will have to contact the gas service for obtaining permission and then to connect the device. It will also be necessary to make a wiring for water.

The liquid in such a device is heated by passing it through a heat exchanger located in the body of the gas column. In turn, the heat exchanger is heated by the combustion gas in the chamber.

Accumulative gas

As an alternative to a gas water heater for a private house, you can purchase a storage gas unit. The only difference between them is that there is a container for liquid in the water heater (storage). The water in the tank is heated in the same way from the combustion of gas. Heating temperature controlled by the thermostat, which turns off the gas supply if the liquid is heated to the desired temperature.

The advantage of such a device over a flowing one is that heated water is constantly present in the system, and it is not necessary to turn on the column for heating every time, which provides a more economical gas consumption.

Indirect heating units

The indirect heating device has no built-in heat sources. The water in the tank is heated from external sources... Most often, liquid from the heating system is used as a source, which, passing through a heat exchanger (coil), gives off energy to the water in the tank.

Due to the use of external heat carriers, choosing an indirect heating boiler for the house will be an economical option, since gas and electricity are not consumed. But it should be noted that this type of device has high cost... And their volume can reach up to 1000 liters. It is rational to use an indirect heating boiler in large houses (if the number of households is more than 6 people), institutions, cafes, canteens and restaurants, where a considerable consumption of hot water is expected.

In an indirect way, it is possible to install a heating element, after which it turns into an electric storage device.

Unit power

The time of heating the liquid in the tank to the required parameters depends on what power the heater is used in the apparatus. Before choosing an electric water heater, you should know that they are in the lead in this matter. gas heating devices... They tend to heat water 2 times faster than analogues with heating elements. Not to mention indirect water heaters, in which the liquid heats up even more slowly.

In an electric storage water heater, 2 heating elements of lower power are often built in to increase the speed of operation, or one, but powerful. The total recommended power should be 2 kW. On average, it takes 2 to 4 hours to heat water up to 50 degrees, depending on the volume of the tank. This means that low-power devices should be bought if the demand for hot water is not high.

Water heater tank volume

What kind of water heater, and with what volume to choose for the house? The solution to this issue should be of the highest priority. Many people make the mistake of choosing a large-volume unit when buying, guided by the thought “the more, the better”. But, in fact, you will get unnecessary power consumption, since the device will spend more time heating water than a similar one of a smaller size. In addition, the dimensions of such a device will take up more space, and therefore you should be guided by your needs. The figures below show the approximate figures that should be followed to select the volume of the unit. They depend on how many people will use hot water.

Also, for a large family of 7-8 people, if it is a private house, it would be more rational to choose a water heater (storage) of indirect heating. Among floor models you can choose a unit with the required capacity, capable of providing hot water supply to the entire family. Buying a home appliance for indirect heating can solve the question of which better water heater to choose for a private house? For a better understanding of how much water is consumed per day, you can use the table below.

Water heater shape

Accumulative boilers are cylindrical and square (flat) in shape.

Cylindrical

Most buyers, when choosing a water heater for an apartment, opt for cylindrical models for vertical placement. They have the following advantages:

• the devices are compact and do not take up much space;
• the cylindrical shape has a maximum contact area.

There are also narrow apparatus, in the form of a cylinder, the so-called slim water heaters(from the English "slim" - thin). They differ in diameter (from 38 cm and less) from standard units with a circumference of 45-52 cm. At the same time, in order to increase their capacity, the manufacturer increased their height.

Slim unit is very convenient in small apartments old building, which have very cramped bathrooms and limited space in the kitchen. This parameter is convincing to choose a small diameter electric water heater for such a home. However, it can handle the same power as the standard one and has the same storage capacity by converting usable space to height.

The disadvantage in slim units is that some manufacturers, in order to increase the volume of the internal tank without increasing the outer diameter, reduce the layer of thermal insulation. Because of this, the liquid in the container cools faster, and the device is forced to turn on more often.

Flat

Flat models are no different from slims in their parameters. A storage water heater of a flat shape takes up little space, has a pleasant design, and fits well into the interior. Since such devices hide in lockers in the kitchen or in the bathroom, you can easily select the required thickness of the device.

There are also models for horizontal placement... But the cost of such devices is higher than vertical ones. This arrangement allows you to maximize the use of free space, especially if it is limited to a small room.

When choosing a suitable unit for home use it is important to find a compromise based on rationality so as not to compromise convenience and financial savings.

The boiler is not able to heat the required amount of hot water or is it always needed immediately? The only reliable and affordable source of energy - 220 or 380 V network? No desire, opportunity, conditions for the installation of bulky equipment? Not sure how to choose an instantaneous electric water heater? The information in the article will give answers to all questions.

Installation of instantaneous heating of water is arranged quite simply. The basis of the engineering solution is the heat transfer zone. It contains a heating element of one type or another.

1. The classic solution is a heating element, inside which there is a wire spiral.
2. A more modern heater is tubular. It is a moisture-proof inductor with good efficiency and warming up to high temperatures.
3. The most technologically advanced solution is an induction heating system. It consists of an electromagnetic coil and a core, which is heated by Foucault currents.

To ensure that the temperature of the fluid passing through the instrument loop can be adjusted by the user, heater manufacturers offer a range of control circuits. Among them are security systems. They prevent water from heating to boiling point or above a predetermined maximum value, idling, short circuits and other emergencies.

The flow heater has an impressive list of advantages. They make it a very convenient product for getting hot water quickly, in seconds. For example, future owners are attracted by:

• compact size;
• no special installation requirements;
• the ability to work with any flow of water;
• clear adjustment mechanics;
• a complete set that allows you to immediately select a model that meets your needs.

But a flow-through electric water heater also has drawbacks that can create problems in an average apartment or house. For example:

• a powerful device, having a consumption of 7 kW or more, will easily overload weak wiring;
• the number of liters of water that the unit is able to heat up to a comfortable temperature per minute may not be enough to meet the needs of the family;
• the wrong type of water heater can be used ineffectively.

An accurate assessment of all parameters will allow you to choose a flow heater for a house, summer house or apartment, the characteristics of which will be very attractive. Let us dwell in more detail on those features of the device that should be taken into account when buying.

Types of flow-through electric heaters

As mentioned above, all flow-through devices are built on the same basic circuit. Deciding which one is better to buy an electric water heater is worth, first of all, according to its performance characteristics and design. On the market there are:

• wall-mounted devices with vertical housing orientation, with bottom piping. They can supply water to the shower through a flexible hose, to a gander or to a water intake line;
• wall mounted heaters with side connection. They are optimal for placement behind a partition or wall. Unregulated models work perfectly: water, when taken in an amount that does not exceed the performance indicator of the device, always has an exactly set temperature;
• appliances with top piping are optimal for the kitchen. They are easy to install under the worktop, inside the furniture set;
• tube-type flow heating systems. Their connection is done directly inside the engineering systems, the installation is carried out directly into the line of the pipe passage. The inlet and outlet of the liquid are located at the ends of the heater, and the control systems are either not provided or are designed for a single setting of the heating mode. A separate segment of products is compact water heaters manufactured in the format of a rack for a kitchen sink tap.

The latter type of instantaneous heater may be the best solution if the owners chose it for installation in an apartment. Such a device can be paired with a storage class boiler through a three-way mixing valve. This ensures the constant availability of hot water, the possibility of intensive withdrawal and a constantly comfortable temperature of the liquid.

What you need to consider when choosing a device

Let us dwell in more detail on the complex of characteristics of a flow-through electric heater, the choice of which will allow us to obtain a device that does not create troubles and provides a sufficient amount of hot water. Let us immediately note several features that make it possible to better evaluate the device.

1. The indicated performance of the instantaneous heater is the amount of water that it is capable of delivering in a constant flow at the maximum (specified in the passport) temperature.
2. Unregulated devices or those equipped with mechanical control systems always have a clear energy consumption specified in the characteristics of the device. At the same time, electronically controlled instantaneous heaters use as much energy as needed to heat water to a specified temperature.
3. Devices equipped with a shower head are not always suitable for giving. The nozzle has very small holes. It is suitable for washing dishes or hands, but will be inconvenient if the water heater is placed in the shower.

Devices designed for one point of water withdrawal are called non-pressure. A safety valve is installed at the inlet, which provides an internal fluid pressure of 1 atmosphere. Such a water heater cannot supply water more than its design allows, even if it gushes with an intense flow from the "cold" tap.

Devices designed for several points of water sampling are able to withstand pressures up to 10 atmospheres. They can be installed directly at the entrance to the apartment and select a performance sufficient for all household needs.

Selecting an electric instantaneous water heater by power

Before going to the store, you should consult with an electrician. The calculation of the average wiring in a modern house is based on the possibility of connecting several powerful consumers. it Washer, oven, electric grill. Therefore, a small flow heater with a power of 4-6 kW can be safely used provided it is switched on for a short time (up to half an hour).

If the house is old, the wiring is weak, it is recommended to make a separate input to the apartment, from which the instantaneous water heater will be powered. The ideal solution is to route the tires to the flap of the apartment directly from the basement or from the central distribution point. In this case, one more problem can be solved: to provide a neutral wire, which is in modern houses, is necessary to connect the device, but is absent in old buildings.

It is recommended to make a separate input in any case. However, realizing that no one will do serious repairs with wall chasing or opening the wire laying channels without special need, it is worth carefully assessing the capabilities of the existing wiring and choosing a water heater that can work in existing conditions without accidents.

Selection by water consumption

As mentioned above, the nominal performance is indicated in the passport for the heater. The water flow produced by the device is always diluted. Therefore, if 3 liters of selection per minute with a temperature of 55 degrees is declared, such indicators are enough for a comfortable shower.

The second factor that needs to be considered is the difference in the performance of the device by the seasons. The water in the supply pipe differs in temperature. It is warmer in summer and very cold in winter. For example, in the summer, a water heater with a capacity of 8 kW will provide 3.1 liters of water with a temperature of 55 degrees (18 at the inlet). And in winter, when water is supplied at 6 degrees, only 2.3 liters of hot liquid will be obtained at the outlet.

In order to successfully choose a device, you should focus on its class and the declared performance indicators. For example, for a non-pressure device that is mounted at one take-off point ( kitchen sink, bathroom, shower cabin), there will be enough capacity of 3-4 liters (less is possible if there is no habit of taking a shower with a good flow of water).

For a pressure water heater with several tapping points, a minimum indicator of 3 liters per minute for one consumer is taken. Each subsequent tap must add 1.5-2 liters to the recommended capacity of the device.

Features of the heating element

The class of the heating element can be a decisive factor and determine which company to choose a water heater. For example:

• the simplest devices use one or more heating elements. They can be anodized or copper sheathed;
• more advanced devices are equipped with ceramic tube heaters. They are durable, expensive, efficient;
• the best heaters are glass-protected spiral blocks. They do not require maintenance, slightly change the rate of heat transfer during the formation of scale.

Spiral induction heat exchangers are the most technologically advanced solution. During their operation, very little scale is formed, since Foucault currents, in addition to heating, cause vibration of the central core and the current spiral. Some water heaters of the Swedish brand Electrolux are equipped with such heaters.

Heater material

The heater body is the last thing worth evaluating. Each customer has a personal rating. For example:

• practical people will prefer plastic. It is easy to care for it, but over time, scratches, roughness, collecting dirt inevitably appear;
• enclosures covered with enamel look rational. They are durable, the surface is durable, wear-resistant, looks aesthetically pleasing;
• anodized body parts look stylish and effective. However, the coating may wear down to the substrate over time. Excellent strength characteristics of the titanium layer. Such a case is an expensive solution, but it looks extremely attractive;
• All-metal, polished, stainless steel or alloy water heaters are the pinnacle of perfection in the eyes of some buyers. But there is one factor to consider. The smooth, mirror-like surface of the metal will constantly show streaks and other visual imperfections. Careful, constant care will be required.

Which company is preferable

Knowing how to choose an instantaneous electric water heater, one cannot fail to mention the companies that are leading in consumer preferences. At one end of the scale are simple, inexpensive and reliable solutions. The Polaris brand can be noted as an outstanding representative. Here are classic, simple heating elements, moderate power consumption, maintainability and availability of spare parts.

At the other end of the scale are Electrolux products. Technological innovations are used here. For example, induction heating units, glass-protected spirals. The price of water heaters is high, but the reliability is even higher, the products will not require maintenance or repair long years.

Rating of the best instantaneous electric heaters

It's time to get acquainted with the best representatives of the instantaneous water heaters market. In order not to repeat the same indicators: electricity consumption, productivity, the number of take-off points (type of device) and others, they are summarized in a table. And the rating will introduce you to the main features of the devices.

Model	Prod., L / min	power, kWt	Heater type	Sampling points	Control
	3,9	8	tubular	1	electronic
	4,1	8	copper heating element	Several	Mechanics
Polaris Mercury 5.3 OD	4	5,3	Heating element	several	regime
	4	6,5	copper tubular	1	regime
	7,3	12 (380V)	Heating element	several	regime
Timberk WHEL-7 OC PRIMALUX	4,5	6,5	Heating element	1	Mechanics
Electrolux SP 21 ELITEC	10,7	21 (380V)	spiral heating element	several	ungovernable
	5	7	Heating element	1	Mechanics
	2,8	5,7	spiral block	several	Mechanics
	4	7,5	copper heating element	several	Mechanics

A solution that can be considered universal. The water heater is electronically controlled, you can set the temperature threshold, there is an accelerated heating mode. The setting of the required parameters is carried out with convenient rotary knobs. The water heater belongs to the non-pressure class (one tapping point), it is completed with a hose with a shower head.

A flow-through electric water heater that is suitable for an apartment where a family of two lives. The performance is enough to take a shower, for household needs. The device can withstand up to 10 atmospheres of water supply, can be installed at the entrance of an apartment, powered by a single-phase 220 V. Its design is simple, the pipe supply is standard, 0.5 inches, so even installing it yourself will not cause any difficulties.

Representative of simple, reliable solutions for a small apartment or house. Having a good performance for its capacity, the water heater offers a simple scheme for setting modes by pressing one button. Installed at the entrance to the apartment, it is able to provide water analysis at several points. The convenient shape of the case allows you to install it in the bathroom, and the equipment (hose and shower head) allows you to use the device to create comfort in the country.

The representative of the market segment of the most reliable and unpretentious devices. This water heater is made in an enamelled case, equipped with copper heating elements, supplied with its own inlet water purification filter, offers setting the operating mode by pressing one button. Designed for one point of consumption (non-pressure class), this appliance will be very effective in the kitchen or bathroom. For installation in a bathroom, the manufacturer offers a gander faucet that comes with the device.

A product ideal for a private home. The device operates from three-phase network, has sufficient capacity to provide hot water for a family of 3-4 people. It can be installed at the entrance to the house, withstands up to 10 atmospheres of water pressure and offers an accelerated water heating mode. Temperature regulation is carried out by a single regulator on the body.

Compact, designed for use in apartments (water inlet pressure up to 6 atmospheres), this water heater will appeal to many. It is equipped with a regulator that will allow you to balance the water intake and the load on the wiring. This device will be convenient both in the kitchen and in the bathroom, where it can be mounted directly above the bathtub or washbasin. A gander crane is offered with the device.

An excellent solution for a private house where a large family lives. This robust, unregulated instrument boasts a range of record-breaking performance. First, it is equipped with an induction heating system. Secondly, it has the maximum outlet temperature limit in its class of 60 degrees. Thirdly, it can provide good performance for its power. The device is powered by a three-phase network, can be installed at the water inlet to the house, weighs less than 4 kg.

A good and reliable bathroom solution. There is everything that is required of a high-quality instantaneous non-pressure type heater: average power, performance sufficient for an intense shower, simple mechanical switches for the operating mode. The device is completed as if it was specially designed for a bathroom: the manufacturer offers a gander faucet and a flexible hose with a shower head.

A unique device from the Swedish brand was developed for the kitchen. Here is the upper connection for mounting the device under the countertop, moderate energy consumption and performance sufficient for domestic needs. In this case, the water heater is designed for several consumers. Therefore, it can be positioned to supply water to the sink and the bathroom sink at the same time.

The device is very reliable. The heating element is of a spiral type with special operating mechanics: it vibrates when voltage is applied. This prevents limescale deposits from settling, resulting in a very long service life of the appliance.

The rating is completed by a convenient device for singles or a family of two. This water heater will fully satisfy the needs of such a target group. Everything for universal use is here. For example, you can install this device for hot water supply to a bathroom or install it at the entrance to an apartment (several consumers are allowed). Reliable copper heating elements will ensure durability, and setting the outlet water temperature with a simple movement of the circular regulator is a very convenient option.

As a conclusion

There is a lot of talk about flow heaters, but always one-sided. The attitude to this device can be described in one phrase: “don’t love? you just don't know how to cook it. " Whatever modern types of flow heaters are considered, each will require integrated approach... It is enough to provide the device with a reliable power source, estimate the water consumption and select the appropriate model, and also connect it where it will be most effective. And then the acquired heater for many years of work will never make you feel disappointed in yourself. You just need to go to the store and know what to look for when buying.

Anyone modern man it is enough to figure out how to choose a water heater for an apartment in order to forget about interruptions with hot water forever.

With the onset of summer, utilities begin to perform a variety of renovation work, which can drag on for more than one week. All this time residents apartment buildings forced to sit without hot water. It is clear that such a life cannot be called comfortable. And in winter, there are often cases when high-rise buildings are left without hot water supply due to accidents and breakthroughs of heating mains.

Boiler in the bathroom

People who are not satisfied with the periodic lack of hot water in their homes are now purchasing special installations. They are called water heaters or boilers. These appliances provide city dwellers and private homeowners with hot water all year round. The affordable cost of such equipment and the relative ease of its installation make water heaters very popular.

There is only one problem for potential users of boilers. It lies in the fact that there is a huge assortment of such equipment on the market these days, and many do not know how to choose a water heater for an apartment among the many models presented.

You can purchase a gas or electric boiler, as well as an indirect heating installation.

For a private house, in addition, it is easy to buy special or units that operate on liquid fuel. But we will not talk about them in this article. We are only interested in the equipment that is installed in high-rise apartments.

Gas and electric water heaters are divided into two types. They are accumulative and flowing. You can also find a combined flow-through storage electric boiler. To determine which heater is best for you, you need to understand the main differences between the different types and the criteria for choosing the ideal unit. This is what we will do.

Gas-fueled water heaters are made in the form of a metal case, in which a burner and a set of automation are mounted, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the equipment. Fuel begins to flow into the burner immediately after the heater is turned on. It is started (fired up) manually or automatically.

The gas boiler is equipped with a metal coaxial hose for removing smoke (such models are usually bought for a private house). In residential high-rise buildings, such a channel is not needed. In them, combustion products are discharged through the common house chimney. Sleeve water heaters have a closed chamber. And those that are connected to a common chimney are equipped with open chambers.

Gas boiler in the apartment

Choosing the right gas heater for your home is not difficult at all. If you are using a lot of water, it is recommended to buy a storage device. It has a separate tank in which the water is gradually heated. For loners and small families, it is better to install flow-through equipment in apartments. In it, the water heats up as it passes through the boiler.

Just note that you need to take power into account. gas equipment. The higher it is, the more efficiently the water heater will work. Moreover, even very powerful gas installations are characterized by rather compact parameters.

The disadvantage of boilers operating on gas is their high cost. Electric heaters from this point of view, many times better than gas. In addition, electrical equipment can be installed in a home where there is no gas. For these reasons, it is electric boilers that are currently in demand.

A flow-through boiler heats up the water immediately after it is turned on. It features excellent performance. Such a device heats water in unlimited volumes to a temperature of about + 60 °. The essence of his work is simple. Cold water is supplied to the boiler, where there is a heating element (usually made of copper), which has a high power - from 3-4 to 20-24 kW. At the exit we get hot water.

It's simple. But if you decide to install a flow-through boiler at home, you should immediately replace the electricity meter and wiring. The load on them will be high, the old equipment may simply not withstand such power. It is also worth taking care of connecting a good circuit breaker.

Instantaneous electric water heater

The flow heater is usually mounted for one draw-off point. It is installed on the kitchen faucet, where you wash the dishes, or in the bathroom for taking a shower. If there is a desire to connect many water sampling points to one device, it is necessary to purchase a unit with a maximum power (16-24 kW). A less powerful appliance will not be able to heat the water for several taps to a comfortable temperature.

For a house or apartment with single-phase sockets (220 V), it is better to purchase a modest heating unit. Take a boiler with a capacity of no more than 8 kW. If the dwelling is equipped with outlets for 380-volt voltage (houses with electric stoves), heaters of higher power can be installed.

As you can see, choosing the right flow-through water heater is not difficult at all. It is only important to take into account the technical potential of the electrical wiring in the apartment and determine the amount of hot water that you plan to consume.

And one moment. Electric boilers differ in installation technology. They are:

• Free-flow. Such units are mounted next to the draw-off point.
• Pushy. These devices are installed directly into the water pipe.

It is better to install pressure units in apartments, and free-flow units are more suitable for a private house.

In apartments with autonomous heating and in private houses where there is no central water supply, it is economically unprofitable to operate flow-through devices due to the high consumption of electricity. In such dwellings it is better. It is supplied with a tank with a volume of 10–500 liters. Such a water heater is mounted on the wall or on the floor. It guarantees a constant supply of hot water, the amount of which is determined by the needs of the residents.

Storage boiler in the bathroom

Thermally insulated container (oblong or round shape), which has a storage boiler, has a heating element. The latter heats water up to 35–85 ° С and constantly maintains the liquid at a given temperature level. You can open the tap at any time and get hot water. The preset fluid temperature is maintained automatically.

This principle of operation of the unit guarantees low electricity costs. It is also important that the storage water heater of any model is connected to a 220-volt outlet. Storage water heater capacity - no more than 3 kW. An important advantage of such boilers is the ability to supply hot water to all apartment water points.

Tips for choosing a storage device:

1. Calculate the consumption (approximate) of water per person per day. Multiply this value by the number of permanent residents and get the volume of the tank that the boiler should have.
2. Take into account the free space in the room where the water heater will be installed. Buy a device that will fit in the room without any problems, will not interfere with the tenants and at the same time will fit well into the interior.
3. Do not take a boiler that is too large in volume. There is no point in wasting money on heating water that you won't be using.

An interesting alternative to storage and flow-through units are indirect heating water heaters. They are universal devices that are able to heat water due to heating pipes (hot water).

Indirect heating boiler

The advantages of such installations are as follows:

• light weight (maximum 5–6 kg with a 10–30 l tank);
• compact size;
• work in two modes (direct heating and accumulation of a small amount of hot water).

The disadvantage of indirect boilers is the complexity of their selection and installation. It is impossible to purchase such a unit without the help of a specialist. All calculations for the installation of a water heater and its cooperation in the existing heating system must be carried out by a trained engineer. Otherwise, the boiler (and the heating system itself) will function ineffectively.

Agree, it's great when hot water always flows from the tap, regardless of its supply to the city utility company... The installation of an instantaneous water heater will help to solve the problem of interruptions. But the variety of offers on the market is amazing, and you want to buy best model and don't know which one to prefer?

We will show you how to choose an instantaneous water heater with the required technical characteristics. We will tell you how to choose it taking into account the operating conditions. Let us indicate what capabilities the equipment should be equipped with in order to meet the individual needs of users.

The article discusses the main criteria for choosing the optimal model, provides a rating of the most popular water heaters. Attached are photographic materials and useful video recommendations that will help you decide on the best protochnik.

The device of an instantaneous water heater is not complicated: a small water tank equipped with heating elements or a spiral is enclosed in a metal or plastic case.

In budget devices, most often 1-2 heating elements, which have a weak point: heating elements quickly "overgrow" with scale. On the plus side, they are easy to replace.

Less limescale builds up in appliances with a spiral enclosed inside a copper tube. The disadvantage of such a device is a negative reaction to bubbles and air locks. If the equipment fails, replacement will be expensive.

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The heating principle is simple: cold water enters the tank, comes into contact with hot elements, heats up and leaves outside at the required temperature parameters (on average from + 40 ° C to + 60 ° C).

For the installation of compact equipment, you need a fixing kit, water supply and electrical cable.

Schematic representation of a household flow-through electric device with an electronic control unit, in which water is heated using a copper heating element

Powerful equipment designed for multiple taps requires good flow and high pressure... Devices of a non-pressure type, operating at low pressure, can sufficiently serve only one valve.

For this reason, they are initially equipped with "custom" devices - a gander or a flexible hose with a diffuser.

The heating process takes place instantly, so there is no need to wait for a certain amount of hot water to accumulate. Electricity is consumed only when the device is running.

Unlike the storage analogue, the instantaneous water heater takes up a minimum of space. Usually it is fixed on the wall near the draw-off point (sink or shower) in an upright position

If we compare flow-through models with accumulative ones, then the following advantages can be distinguished:

• space saving, compact size (important for premises with a lack of free space);
• the possibility of installation both near the tap (minimization of heat loss), and in a separate room (applies to powerful devices);
• the amount of water consumed is not limited;
• interval power consumption (only during the active period);
• beautiful laconic design;
• low cost.

The disadvantages include regular electricity bills: the more often the water heater is turned on (accordingly, the larger the family), the higher the electricity bill.

Installation diagram of one device for two mixers. When choosing, you should be guided by the power indicator of the device. If it is not enough, the device can serve only one tap at a time (maximum - tap and shower)

Another disadvantage concerns the installation conditions. For water heaters with a capacity of 7-8 kW and above, a reliable three-phase electrical network, high-quality copper wiring and appropriate protection are required.

The presence of built-in furniture in the room makes it possible to hide the wall duct in one of the wall cabinets. Required condition- easy access to the body, control unit and important components for maintenance

Why is the electric model better than the gas one?

In city apartments, there is no need to choose between two types of devices, since they usually use electric, safer models.

The exception is apartments in which gas water heaters were installed during the process of equipping the premises when the house was delivered. This applies to the "Khrushchevs", "Stalin" and some types of panel houses built in the 60s and 70s of the last century.

Diagram of a gas column device. A prerequisite for its operation is a water pressure of at least 0.25-0.33 atm (approximately 1.5-2 l / min), otherwise the heating elements will not turn on

V country houses water heating more often occurs with the help of a powerful floor-standing boiler, but some people prefer to use a gas water heater out of habit.

Its use is appropriate for stove heating or in warm climates that do not require heating equipment.

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They are considered safer, although they are more expensive to operate. gas water heaters... Moreover, for gas heating an exhaust hood and reliable ventilation are required, otherwise there will be a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Savings are considered a plus, since gas prices are lower than electricity.

There is no way to use a powerful device in old houses. electric type(above 3.5 kW), so you will have to do with either a weak water heater, or. Thus, if there is a choice, consider the condition of electrical networks and ventilation, water pressure, and the cost of fuel (gas or electricity).

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Wall mounting features

Instantaneous water heaters are installed in a convenient place for control, most often on a wall near a sink or shower. For fixing to concrete panels or brick walls use dowels, to drywall (not recommended) - special devices type "mole". The product should be positioned according to the instructions, it must not be turned.

If the device for heating water is planned to be installed near the tapping point, that is, in a bathroom or in a combined bathroom, make sure that the degree of protection is at least IPX4

Connection to the mains must be made through, especially if the manufacturer does not provide a protective automatic shutdown function.

A three-core copper cable is pulled from a common shield with grounding, then either a differential switch or a circuit breaker is installed.

Instantaneous water heater installation diagram: 1 - cold water pipe; 2 - tap (mixer); 3 - shut-off valves; 4 - set check valve+ filter; 5 - RCD; 6 - electrical panel

It is better to equip the supply pipes for a pressure water heater with ball valves - for ease of installation / dismantling. Remember that a free-flow device has only one branch pipe - for connecting cold water.

You can familiarize yourself with the rules in more detail in the article presented to your attention.

Rating of well-known manufacturers

The main criteria by which the products of well-known manufacturers are assessed are quality, warranty period, standard functions, availability of additional options, a variety of models.

The price of products can be ignored, since each manufacturer has a line of low, medium and high price categories.

Place # 1 - Stiebel Eltron

The German company Stiebel Eltron, which produces flawless equipment with a 3-year warranty. Known for the release of powerful pressure water heaters with a set of additional functions. Easy installation and ease of use, many convenient modes, temperature and pressure control - outstanding qualities plus German reliability.

Stiebel Eltron DHB-E 13 SLi for wall mounting. Power - 13 kW, degree of protection IP 25, electronic control, emergency shutdown function

Place # 2 - AEG

A line of single-phase devices from the "mini" series, compact and economical, has become popular in Russia.

Instantaneous water heater AEG MTD 570 laconic design... Power 5.7 kW; productivity - 2.9 l / min; the temperature is controlled hydraulically

Place # 3 - Electrolux

The Swedish company Electrolux, known for a variety of models in the middle price segment.

Compact but powerful enough devices are cheaper than their German counterparts due to the use of less reliable materials in the construction. Most of the products are manufactured in China.

Flow model Electrolux NPX6 Aquatronic with a power of 5.7 kW with electronic mechanical control. Equipped with automatic on / off function, maximum heating temperature - +50 ° C

Place # 4 - Atmor

Israeli brand Atmor, which produces budget devices for home and summer cottages. Compact devices with mechanical control have several modes of operation, good and overheating protection.

Atmor Basic shower model. It has three operating modes - with a heating power of 2/3/5 kW, there is a temperature control (maximum - +50 ° C), an indication, a mounting set and a shower head with a flexible hose are included

Place # 5 - Timberk

The Swedish company Timberk, which produces several series of inexpensive instantaneous water heaters. The Primalux and Watermaster lines are popular. The devices are not demanding on water pressure, have compact dimensions and modern design.

The Timberk Primalux WHEL-7 6.5 kW shower model. Productivity - 4.5 l / min; water protection class - IPX4; has three power levels and a fine filter

The listed models are popular in Russia and are available in the assortment of many online stores. Prices may vary depending on the exchange rate and the marketing concept of the selling company.

An overview of the Timberk Watermaster series:

As you can see, the choice of instantaneous water heaters is quite wide. Before buying, decide on the power, consider models from different manufacturers, take an interest in the availability of additional options and purchase the device that best suits your requirements.

If you have any questions, please contact the sales consultants and carefully study the instructions.