The plum is a stone fruit found in every garden.
At proper care, the tree brings a large number of tasty and juicy fruits that can be pickled, make jam, cook compotes and make excellent tinctures.
The tree has a wide variety of varieties that take root well in different climatic conditions.
Plum fruits are a storehouse useful substances, among which are: calcium, phosphorus, mineral salts, proteins, carbohydrates, chromium, iodine, zinc, copper, as well as a large number of vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, C, PP, E).
During cultivation, the plum loves space, so that neighboring crowns do not close, so this point is important to consider when planting. Particular attention should be paid to fertilizers, they must be applied strictly in the amount indicated in the instructions, otherwise the tree can be seriously harmed. It is important to select pollinating varieties, so the tree will not only bloom well, but also bring a bountiful harvest.
Plum dries up: why
There are many reasons why plums dry up. Among the main ones, it is worth mentioning improper care throughout the year and climate change. Do not forget about diseases and pests that bring unpleasant consequences to the plant. However, if the tree is treated in time and the pests are destroyed, then it will continue to grow well and bear fruit abundantly.
Plum dries up: what to do - weather reasons
Strange as it may seem, but stone fruit trees, are very sensitive to watering. If drinking regimen broken, this can lead to drying of the plum and poor fruiting. The plant needs high-quality watering, especially during flowering and ovary formation.
Plum does not tolerate severe frosts very well, since it appeared on the territory of our country much later than the others. fruit trees. The plant has not yet fully adapted to climatic features. Cold has a bad effect on the condition of the whole plant, which leads to drying. To avoid an unpleasant situation, it is worth choosing frost-resistant varieties. Unfortunately, even choosing right sort, you can not completely insure the tree from freezing. Such unpleasant consequences can be avoided if the plant is properly cared for throughout the year. Throughout the year, the plum needs some care:
November - December, it is necessary to thoroughly trample the snow around the tree so that the mice do not penetrate the seedling. It is necessary to shake off snow from the branches of the plant to prevent the branches from breaking off;
January, if the winter is practically snowless, then the available amounts of snow must be raked up to the tree trunk and thoroughly trampled down. Such actions will protect the roots and trunk from freezing;
February, the snow must be removed from the tree trunk and the winter harness removed. The plum trunk must be whitewashed with limestone mortar (for 10 liters of water, 3 kg of lime and 2 kg of clay are needed), such manipulations will help the tree to transfer temperature changes;
March, in the middle of the month, you need to start cutting the plum;
April, it is necessary to dig trenches to divert melt water, so a lot of moisture will not penetrate to the root of the tree. The soil around the trees must be dug up, and nitrogen fertilizers should be scattered around, they will ensure excellent growth, development and flowering. To save the plant from possible spring frosts, it is worth preparing smoke heaps in advance that will warm the tree;
May, if the temperature is about +1 °C, then it is necessary to set fire to the smoke heaps. It is better to finish smoking 1-2 hours after sunrise. After that, it is advisable to pour the tree with warm water and spray the crown. In hot weather, the plum needs abundant watering (about 6 buckets for 1 tree). Before flowering, the plant needs mineral and organic fertilizers;
June - July, it is necessary to water and feed the plant. organic fertilizers you need to dilute 1:10 and pour 5 buckets of solution under the tree. Urea must be diluted with 10 liters of water 1 tablespoon of fertilizer and pour 5 buckets under the tree;
August - September, the tree needs to be fed, so fertilizers will saturate the tree with all the useful substances, which will prevent freezing and, as a result, drying out. In autumn, the tree must be watered abundantly (about 7 buckets), this will help it to winter;
October, the trunk must be cleaned of various damages and whitewashed with lime, just like in February.
Proper care is the key to a good wintering and the health of the whole tree. Following these simple rules, you can protect the plum from frost and other weather conditions. So the plum will not dry out, but rather will bring good harvest.
Plum dries up: what to do - pests and diseases
The yield of plums directly depends on the "health of the tree." Gardeners need to have a good knowledge of plant diseases and, if necessary, take urgent action.
1. Spotting perforated- This is a fungal disease that affects leaves, flowers and bark. It is most active in the spring when it rains. Brown spots appear on the plant, surrounded by a darker border. Holes appear on the leaves over time, and the fruits stop growing in the affected areas and the disease penetrates to the very bone.
To prevent plum disease, it is necessary to prune the tree annually, not allowing it to thicken. In autumn, fallen leaves should be removed, and the soil around it should be dug up. Affected branches should be cut and burned, and the wounds healed. If the disease has not receded, then the tree must be sprayed with Bordon liquid (1%) or copper oxychloride (30 g per 10 liters of water). This should be done 2 weeks after flowering.
2. Gommoz- a disease that manifests itself in the form of a brownish thick resin. It is quite common on brush fruit trees. Resin appears in places that have been damaged by frost or sunburned. Usually the affected plum branches dry up. The disease appears due to favorable conditions, and it can also develop due to the large amount of nitrogen and moisture in the soil.
The drain must be properly and timely looked after, as well as prevent mechanical damage. The resulting wounds must be immediately cleaned and disinfected (petralatum). If the branches are significantly affected, they are best cut and destroyed. The affected bark must be cleaned and rubbed with horse sorrel, and then lubricated with garden pitch.
3. Rust- this fungal disease, which initially affects the leaves. Red spots appear on the outer side of the leaf, which increase in size. A diseased tree becomes weaker, begins shedding its leaves prematurely, and is prone to freezing, leading to drying out.
Fallen leaves must be destroyed in a timely manner. Before flowering, the tree must be sprayed with copper chloride (40 g per 5 liters of water, 3 liters of solution are needed per tree). At the end of the harvest, the plum must be treated with Bordon liquid.
It is worth paying attention to the pests that infect the tree and this can lead to the drying of the plum.
1. Goldentail- it's a butterfly white color, its size is about 5 cm. During the swelling of the buds, the insect harms the leaves and buds of the tree. By the end of May, the caterpillar pupates and a butterfly appears, which lives in the bark, and on reverse side leaves she lays eggs. To destroy the pest, it is necessary to treat the plum with karbofos even before flowering.
2. ringed silkworm- This is a night butterfly, about 4 cm in size, its wings are grayish in color. In spring, the insect eats leaves and buds. Control measures: before flowering, the tree must be sprayed with tinctures of wormwood, chamomile or tobacco. If folk methods doesn't work, you should try chemicals(Entobacterin, Dendrobacillin).
The plum dries up: what to do - if the reasons are not established
It may happen that it will not be possible to eliminate the causes of the drying of the plum.
The gardener could not save the tree from freezing or could not cure the disease and overcome the pest. Leave the plum alone.
Perhaps on next year from some preserved kidney will go new escape. If this does not happen, and the plum is completely dry, it is recommended to uproot the tree. A young seedling can be planted in its place only after three years.
It would seem that the planted plum is no longer a seedling, it has developed well for several years and is already ready for fruiting. But spring comes, and the buds on the tree do not wake up, or after flowering, the plum dries up for several weeks. The editors of HozGround identified 8 main reasons for this phenomenon.
The plum has dried up after the winter and the kidneys do not wake up
Even with proper care, the plum may not wake up after the winter. The cause of death in this case is most often frost and sun.
Very coldy
Growing plums in areas with harsh climatic conditions is associated with a number of difficulties, because. even frost-resistant varieties are unable to resist low temperatures. However, natural disasters do not always lead to the death of a tree, sometimes the consequences are manifested in the form of a lack of flowering and drying of the branches.
If after the winter last year's growths dried up on the plums, it means that the branches did not have time to ripen, and the tree went into the winter unprepared.
The reason for this may be:
- cold, short summer preceding winter;
- summer radical pruning;
- wrong feeds.
To prepare the plum for wintering, you must adhere to the following rules:
- Nitrogen-containing preparations are applied in spring and early summer. Later top dressing plums lead to an active growth of shoots that do not have enough time to aging, and they bend around in slight frosts. In the spring they look dry and lifeless.
- Feeding plants with potassium contributes to the early maturation of young branches - it is enough to fertilize plums several times so that they do not freeze and dry out next season.
- So that trees can absorb trace elements and nutrients from the soil, they are fed with phosphorus, which is responsible for the development of fruits and the root system.
If the plum tree grows on acidic soils, then the applied fertilizers are not absorbed in full. In this case, the rate of dressing is increased by 1/4 or the soil is loosened (using lime or dolomite flour).
Sunburn
IN winter period for trees, not only severe frosts are terrible, but also the sun's rays. The first plum burns are obtained in late February - early March, due to the fact that dark trunks, absorbing direct sunlight, can heat up significantly under their influence, and then also cool down quickly. The snow cover in this case plays the role of a powerful reflector, enhancing the effect of light.
Such thermal shocks break the integrity of the bark and the inner layers of the wood. First appear on the tree dark spots, and then microcracks, which increase after the start of sap flow. The consequences of sunburn in plums are manifested:
- lagging behind in development;
- dropping the ovary;
- leaves and young shoots wither;
- the tree dries up.
To cure an affected plum tree, you must:
- With a disinfected knife, cut off the damaged areas of the bark.
- Treat the cut with an antifungal drug.
- As a healing agent, a mixture of clay and mullein is used in a proportional ratio of 1 to 3. The resulting composition is applied to the damaged area and fixed with bandages.
Sunburn is always easier to prevent than to treat. Most quick result gives whitewashing of the trunks and skeletal branches of the tree. The first treatment is carried out in the fall, before the arrival of frost.
For this purpose, use special paints or a mixture of slaked lime, glue and blue vitriol - both products protect the plum tree well from sunburn. If during the autumn rains the whitewash was washed off, the procedure is repeated at the end of winter and beginning of spring.
An equally effective way to deal with burns is to wrap the tree trunk with white covering material. This not only protects the bark from sunlight, but also protects the tree from frost.
lack of moisture
Bare tops and dry branches in the plum crown can be a sign of a lack of moisture. Moreover, a tree can experience a shortage of water not only during the period of growth, but also during dormancy. Gardens, laid out on loose soils that are unable to retain water, suffer from a lack of moisture even in winter, and if there is a snowless frosty winter with multiple transitions through 0, then the problem is even more aggravated.
To prevent trees from drying out and save future harvest, plums planted on sandy or peat lands are thoroughly watered before the onset of cold weather, and then the soil is mulched.
Root damage
Khrushchev cause serious damage to horticultural farms. If in the first season the larvae developing in the soil are not voracious enough and feed only on soft food, then from the second year they eat everything that comes their way. The larvae of some beetles spend up to 4 years underground. When the population grows to a critical size, they can very strongly gnaw the rhizomes of even large trees.
It is difficult to exterminate the beetle on the site - it moves perfectly underground and can go to a depth of up to 70 cm, but regularly digging the ground around the trees and collecting larvae allows you to regulate their numbers. 
Spraying plum trees does not give much effect. Female beetles are able to cross long distances, and even if the trees on the site are processed, nothing will prevent the beetles from the neighboring garden from laying masonry on your plum.
To combat the bugs you need:
- install light traps;
- to not allow the growth of wheatgrass plot;
- dig the ground under the crowns of trees;
- plant lupins - this siderite is poisonous to larvae.
When planting a plum tree, in the area where there are Khrushchev, you should take care of the safety of its root system. So that the larvae do not gnaw weak roots, in landing pit fall asleep preparations Diozinan, Decis, Nemabakt, Arrivo, Match, etc.
Plum blossomed and withered - the cause of moniliosis
It is often necessary to observe a picture that a plum winters well, wakes up on time, blooms, even fruits are tied on it, but suddenly it begins to dry and dies. It happens that the period from the appearance of the first withered leaf to the complete death of the tree takes no more than a month.
characteristic symptom moniliosis - like leaves scorched by a fire Monilial burn or moniliosis is a disease that affects mainly stone fruit crops. Infection
occurs during the flowering period of the plum, the pathogen (Monilia cinerea) penetrates the inside of the plant through the pistil of the flower. Most often, spores of the fungus are carried by pollinating insects, but sometimes a gust of wind is enough to cause infection.
It should not be assumed that if the plum was not infected during flowering, then the threat was over. A tree can get sick both during and after flowering.
Signs of moniliosis in plums:
- leaves lose tugur;
- shoots current year wither;
- the ovary dries up and crumbles;
- shoots dry up.
It is difficult to treat moniliosis. Fungus Monilia cinerea, which provokes the disease, belongs to the department of ascomycetes, which are distinguished by survivability. Depending on the conditions, they can reproduce both by spores and sexually. If you do not carry out preventive work and timely treatment, within a few seasons you will lose all the trees in the garden. 
Treatment involves the removal of diseased shoots, capturing 7-10 cm of a healthy branch, and then spraying the trees with Bordeaux liquid or copper-based preparations at least 3-4 times per season. As alternative means you can use more modern effective drugs such as Horus and Speed.
Until a few decades ago, plum moniliosis was found only in warm regions with a long, wet spring period. Now the habitat of the pathogen has become much wider, and now even stone fruits growing in Siberia and the Urals are exposed to the disease.
What diseases can lead to dryness
Such diseases include verticillosis, plum pox and late blight.
verticillium wilt
living in upper layers soil, the almost colorless fungus Verticillium dahlia causes this dangerous disease like verticillium.
Sclerotia fungi can be in an inactive state for up to 10 years, but with the onset of favorable conditions (temperature 20, humidity 70-80%), they begin to grow actively. Plant infection occurs through the root system. As a result of the vital activity of the fungus, blood vessels are clogged, the tree loses the ability to absorb required amount nutrients and moisture, its leaves begin to wither and dry out.
In exceptional cases, infection occurs through open cuts and wounds on the drain, so after pruning, all cuts should be treated with garden pitch or paint.
Sharka or plum pox
Another cause of premature drying and falling of leaves is a viral disease of sharka or plum pox. The most common source of infection is:
- pruning plants with an infected tool;
- grafting to a healthy stock of infected cuttings;
- virus transmission by insects.
The first sign of smallpox in a plum is the appearance of light spots and veins on the leaf plates.
To date, plum sharka is not amenable to treatment. The only way to contain the disease is to burn the affected tree.
late blight
The causative agent of late blight penetrates the seedling through cracks and damage to the bark. The development of the disease is facilitated by high humidity and air temperature not lower than 10 ° C, as well as branches low above the ground and contact of fruits with soil. Treatment involves cleaning the lesions on the stems to healthy wood and disinfection with a 1% solution of copper sulfate, after which the wound is treated with garden putty.
In our gardens. It's time to talk about what plum diseases can deprive us of the long-awaited harvest.
colorful, perfect shape intact plum fruits are a gardener's dream. With maximum yield.
We see these on tags attached to seedlings, on supermarket shelves.
To see healthy, beautiful plums on your own grown tree, you have to work hard.
Juicy sweet fruit is loved not only by us. There are many competitors.
The garden pet is attacked not only visible to the eye offenders, strike it and microorganisms of different species.
They cause plum disease.
What is sick plum
Like any living organism, the plum tree is susceptible to disease.
It affects him, like a person, pathogenic flora of three types:
- Bacterial;
- viral;
- Fungal.
Non-infectious diseases in trees also occur.
During the years of revelry of any of the groups of diseases, not only the garden can lose its crop.
The owner, who has not taken timely measures to protect and treat plants, may lose the garden itself.
Plum Infectious Diseases
Transmitted (infectious) from other plants of the same species or interspecific diseases require the vigilance of the gardener.
From an oversight, they can flare up in the garden like a fire.
Viral infections
Smallpox (sharka)
Distributed in all areas of plum cultivation in Russia.
Favorable conditions for the development of the disease, the climate suitable for it, coincide with the beloved plum in the southern region.
But it withstands sharka and harsh conditions of winters in the middle zone.
Smallpox is a common disease of stone fruit crops. Apricots, cherries, cherry plums, and other stone fruits suffer from this virus.
You can first notice the defeat of the sharki virus on the leaves.
Lightened rings of leaf tissue and stripes on it, depleted in chlorophyll, are a reason to be wary.
The first signs of smallpox are such marks on the leaves. They are lighter than healthy tissue, visible through the light. Later the spots and lines turn yellow.
The fruits are also affected. This is noticeable from afar by abnormally early maturation - the color changes.
Ring-shaped depressed spots also appear on the fruits. This is probably why the disease is called smallpox.
There may also be linear dark stripes. Diseased plums are ugly deformed.
The flesh is affected to the bone, brown. A sticky transparent gum accumulates in the lesions.
Plums fall early, they are unsuitable for use. Treatment of a plum diseased with sharka does not give a result.
Plum trees infect smallpox - aphids. They carry the virus from other plants.
Sharka is "polyphagous" and settles not only on fruit trees. It can also get on the plum from ornamental (clover), medicinal (melilot), weeds (nightshade).
Grafting, planting material may contain the virus. Another way to transfer is garden tools.
When processing several trees, it is worth considering the disinfection of budding knives, secateurs, and other equipment - after each.
Our garden wards will be grateful for the sterility. And they will thank you: health and harvest.
Chlorotic ring spot
The disease also causes leaf discoloration.
These are rings or a blurry pattern. In the middle of the border, a hole is formed from the ring: necrotic tissue falls out.
A mosaic patterned border remains around the holes.
Leaves with this plum disease become smaller, become narrow, hard and wrinkled.
Characterized by a slowdown in the growth of foliage and the whole tree.
Ring spot spreads through untreated inventory.
Maybe through pollen and seeds of infected plants. Through weeds - only in transit: they are temporary carriers of the disease. Springboards for pollen.
Like smallpox, it can be transmitted with grafting material, seedlings.
group of fungal diseases
Fungal plum diseases are widespread, especially in dense plantings or when crowns are thickened.
A warm, humid climate is an additional risk of tree fungus.
Outbreaks of fungal diseases are companions of a wet summer in any geographical area. Dry years inhibit the development of the fungus.
Clusterosporiasis
It affects the aerial parts of the plum: buds, branches, leaves, flowers, the fruits themselves.
The disease can be recognized by brown spots on the leaves. The spots have a reddish border.
They crumble, holes are formed - holes on the leaves. Hence the second name of the plum disease is perforated spotting.
Shoots become covered with spots, the bark cracks. If the kidneys are affected, they turn black. Flowers fall off.
Affected leaves dry up. Spots also form on the fruits: at first, small, depressed, differing in color (reddish) from the rest of the surface.
Later they swell, gum oozes out of the spots. The fruits dry up.
Since the disease is fungal, there is an active production of spores. They are small, volatile, and spread rapidly.
Stone plantations are infected by the transfer of spores by wind, insects, through inventory.
Productivity is greatly reduced - to the point of complete loss. Sick trees are weakened.
Moniliosis
The plum disease moniliosis also has names: gray rot (reflects the process in a nutshell) and the official one - monilial stone burn.
The consequences are really similar to a burn. Branches dry out quickly, but not all. Leaves and flowers do not fall off.
If the tree is strongly captured by the infection, closely spaced branches dry, as if a fire was made under them and scorched them. Therefore, the name contains the definition: burn.
The surviving flowers set fruit. But spores from diseased branches fall on them.
Plums become infected if the skin is damaged: by mechanical friction against branches, insects, or microcracks are obtained from temperature changes.
Close contact with a sick fetus also causes disease of a healthy one.
On the plum, moniliosis manifests itself more often as fruit rot.
With this disease, plums deteriorate quickly, right on the branch.
The biology of moniliosis provided for its wintering in plant fragments damaged by the disease.
If the dried "burned" shoots went uncircumcised into the winter, or the mummified fruits were not removed, this is an ideal "hostel" for the fungus.
In the spring, expect gray rot to visit - early.
In rotten plums, moniliosis overwinters both on the ground and on branches.
At spring bloom spores will fall on the pistils, and from there they will already carry out destructive work in all parts of the plant.
plum pockets
The set fruits take on a strange shape.
They are drawn out in the form of sacs, do not form bones (or form only rudimentary ones).
Plums are not like ordinary plums, they are also called puffy, and the disease is marsupial.
The length of such a bag can be Matchbox or even more. The color remains green for a long time, then turns brown, inedible fruits dry out, fall off. The harvest is lost.
Spores hibernate on a tree where they can attach themselves. Under the scales of the kidneys, in the cracks in the bark.
Infection in spring occurs through flowers, only fruits are affected.
During the season, the mushroom gives one generation, one cycle of its development goes through.
coccomycosis
Leaves and fruits are affected.
Small spots of purple-red, sometimes brown, color form on top of the leaves.
Their number and size increase until the entire sheet is covered with spots.
The bottom side is a platform for disputes. They are located in whitish tubercles - pads.
Affected fruits acquire an ugly shape, they are unsuitable for food.
Leaves fall, turning yellow or turning brown. The tree goes into the winter weakened, it may not overwinter.
Young plums are especially vulnerable.
Fungal infection overwinters in leaves that have fallen and not harvested.
milky shine
The beautiful name is deceptive: the disease is dangerous for the plum and often affects it.
Unusually silvery sheen of leaves, air bubbles in their tissues - feature this plum disease.
Like all fungal scourges, milky sheen loves wet weather, settles in any damage to the plant.
The color of the leaf changes from damage: cavities with air are formed between the tissue and the epidermis (surface film).
The veins and the terminal border of the leaves die. Brown spots appear on the branches and trunk. Later, the entire bark darkens, falls off in strips. With the development of the disease, the leaves dry, the tree dies.
The fungus that has settled in the tissues of the tree is active when the plum is in a dormant period.
It penetrates into the wood through wounds on the bark, after pruning wintering trees - through cuts.
Poplar infection is transmitted - unwanted plum neighbors. A milky sheen enters the garden and with planting material or through vaccinations.
Gardeners are looking for information on how to process plums, how to treat this disease.
Milky shine is not treated, only prevention is possible.
Polystigmosis
Plum also becomes ill with red spotting - polystigmosis.
This is another "burn", only with the definition - mushroom.
Blurred spots cover both sides of the leaf. The spots are red, initially pale. Later color intense red, smooth convex glossy surface.
The spots are convex above, concave below the sheet. Their shape is similar to pillows. To the touch, the formations in the leaf tissue are dense.
In wet years, the leaves fall off already in the summer - the mycelium develops quickly. In drought, the leaf lasts longer, dark formations - spore storage - in the concave side of the spots have time to form.
The carriers of the infection are fallen leaves and leaves of nearby trees infected with polystigmosis.
Small, light, flying spores spread easily.
Curly
The sheet is deformed, corrugated, changes color to yellow or reddish. It twists - hence the name.
Gradually, the leaves thicken, covered with bloom.
Shoots are also deformed, acquire a curved shape. Internodes are short and thick.
Then the leaves turn dark and fall off. The fruits are not tied.
If the plum is not badly damaged, the fruits are there, but the shape is ugly, the pulp is inedible.
With this disease, plums can rarely overwinter.
Trees are infected with spores wintering under bark scales. The kinky cycle begins with kidney damage.
Rust
Common, especially in the south, plum disease.
The spots on the sheets are located between the veins, the color is brownish, with a rusty tint.
By autumn, the spots take the form of pads, darken. Spores overwinter in leaf litter.
Interestingly, the original host and distributor of rust is a perennial garden flower anemone (anemone).
Anemone rhizomes are an ideal "winter hut" for the fungus.
If the anemone contains the causative agent of rust, yellow spore receptacles form under its leaves in spring.
There are no plum varieties resistant to rust, but their susceptibility varies.
It is easier to save the Anna Shpett variety - it is not very susceptible. It is also possible with careful prevention Renklod green.
sooty fungus
The surface of the leaf is covered with a black, soot-like bloom.
The pores of the leaf are clogged, air exchange is disturbed, the formation of chlorophyll - from a lack of sunlight.
The disease has fundamental difference from others - the fungus is located superficially, erased, washed off.
After that, the plum can be completely cured by treating it with an antifungal drug.
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial spotting
It appears first on the leaves as rounded small spots.
Later, the spots lose their roundness, they are bordered by broken dark lines. Inner part spots dry, crumble, outside, around the border, the leaf is yellowish.
On the fruits are black convex spots, edged with white. As they grow, they change color to brown. The surface is scaly with a depression in the middle.
The infection penetrates through damage to the epidermis. Progresses rapidly in the warm, wet season.
The disease weakens the plum, deprives the gardener of the harvest.
Witch's broom
Thick thin branches that have grown wildly in different parts of the crown are not a mistake in the formation of the crown.
This is mycoplasma (provoked by the smallest microorganisms) disease.
They call it the witch's broom. Barren "extra" branches take away a large part of the nutrition, thicken the crown.
The leaves on this bunch of branches are covered with bloom from below. These are the spores of the fungus - a hotbed of disease.
Once upon a time, the inquisitors considered a fire to be a radical remedy for witches.
For witch brooms, even today there is no way invented - better. They are cut and burned.
Noncommunicable diseases
Gum therapy (gommosis)
Plum, like all stone fruits, is prone to gum disease.
Drops of the color and transparency of amber flow from the wounds of the trunk, freeze on it. So the plant tries to seal the damage.
Gum - tears of a tree. The culprit of the disease is often the gardener himself. Careless or untimely pruning, untreated bark wounds, unhealed cracking of the stem surface - these are all reasons for the expiration of gum, the formation of hollows.
Gum therapy weakens the plant. It is not capable of healing wounds, the entrance gates of infection remain.
The risk of diseases increases, infection of the plum with pathogenic microflora.
Plums affected by gommosis are stunted, emaciated, and may die.
Gum therapy is a scourge of stone fruits. With this in mind, try to warn him with careful plum care.
shrinkage
A disease leading to the death of a tree.
The reason is non-compliance with agricultural technology. Stone fruits often dry out, plums are no exception.
A plum can die very quickly, a month of adverse factors (this is soaking, freezing, gum disease) is a disastrous time for it.
Drying factors:
- Planted in a site where groundwater is high, the drain runs the risk of being flooded and getting wet. The plant dries up.
- Plum will also die on acidified or strongly alkaline soils.
- Salt marshes are also unsuitable for plums.
- superficial root system freezes in years with severe winters.
- Heavy pruning in autumn does not give the tree time to recover by winter. It dies in winter, and sometimes “pulls” until spring, tries to wake up and immediately dries out.
- Gum flow, not stopped, not cured in time, is another factor in drying out. The plant simply expires, weakens, does not survive.
Treatment of plum diseases
It is not enough to plant, water and “feed” a tree. He still needs to be protected from ailments, protected from misfortunes. Take care like a child.
Protection begins with the choice of location. Plum is thermophilic, loves moisture too.
But she needs to provide the sun and moderate blowing with a gentle wind, otherwise all kinds of diseases, especially fungal ones, will overcome the plum in dampness.
We treat plums for fungal diseases
Fungal diseases of plums are similar both in group and in optimal conditions for development.
Feel free to them in the gardens, where:
- Plums planted closely;
- Poplars grow nearby;
- High standing of waters under the soil;
- Increased air humidity;
- Tree branches are thickened;
- Pruning is untimely or excessively strong;
- A fallen leaf is not burned, especially a sick one;
- Bark wounds do not heal;
- Mummified fruits are left in the crown.
From this list it is easy to calculate: what are the agrotechnical (mechanical) measures that get rid of the annoying fungus of various types.
- Do not thicken either the planting or the crown itself. It should be ventilated, blown by the breeze, which the fungus will not like. The sun will also dry and heat the tree, protect it from diseases.
- If the milky sheen of plums is not uncommon in the region, and you love both poplar near the fence and plum fruits in your garden, you will have to sacrifice one of these addictions. Which - choose yourself.
- Do not plant the plum "on the water." Where the water layer lies close to the surface, spring floods or rains will easily destroy the plant.
- The humid climate will not let you relax. You can save the plum. This will require regular inspections, fungicide treatments - preventive. If necessary, medical.
- Take care of a living organism - a plum tree. Cut it neatly and according to the rules.
- Disinfect inventory.
- Do not take planting, grafting material in dubious places. Visit the nursery, enlist the guarantee of the health of seedlings.
- Take your time and do not delay pruning. If possible, it is better to minimize it: break out extra shoots in the summer. Thin green twigs are easily twisted without leaving wounds. After lignification, the risk of infection increases.
- Cut without stumps.
- Handle cuts. You can rub them with sorrel, then paint over. Untreated, they "catch" the infection.
- Burn the cut branches.
- Remove the mummified fruits from the branches, shake off the remaining hanging leaves.
- Gather autumn leaf litter from the garden and burn it together with infected material removed from the plum tree.
- Dig up the trunk circles, digging in the spring - repeat.
Plum plant protection products will require a minimum. But it will require.
This is Bordeaux liquid. A kind old friend, at the same time - a formidable warrior against the fungus.
Spray several times
- In autumn, after leaf fall and garden cleaning: above-ground part plums and trunk circle;
- In the spring, before the opening of the kidney - "along the green cone";
- Immediately after flowering.
You can use vitriol (copper) by adding soap to its solution. Soap disinfects and increases the ability of the solution to adhere to the treatment surfaces (leaf, branches, trunk).
The nuances of the types of fungus. There are also features in getting rid of a harmful fungus of different types:
- If there is rust on the plum and an anemone in the garden, the anemone will have to be removed;
- Trees sick with a milky sheen are uprooted and destroyed.
Fight against bacterial, viral and non-infectious diseases
All measures of agricultural technology that prevent infection with a fungus are observed.
They will also save you from other troubles - the ways of infection are similar.
But if fungal diseases are treated with fungicides (antifungal drugs), this method will not remove viruses. The main thing is not to bring them into the garden, to prevent plum disease.
If this happened:
- The witch's broom is cut to a healthy tissue, disinfected and painted over the cut. The broom itself is burned.
- Having discovered a quarantine disease - smallpox, the diseased plum must be uprooted, the affected material must be burned.
- Young purchased seedlings can be warmed up - viruses do not withstand a temperature of 46 ° that is safe for draining. Warm up by immersion in water. 15 minutes is enough to disinfect the material. Make such a bath for beginners who are preparing to settle in the garden, they will not bring the virus.
Non-infectious diseases (gum disease, drying out) are prevented by eliminating the factors provoking them.
As you can see, many diseases threaten our pet, so keep a close eye on your garden.
Take action on time, save yourself from laborious long work afterwards. In the next article, we will get acquainted with plums.
See you soon, dear readers!
Today, plum can be found in almost every garden. Due to the variety of varieties, this tree can be grown in a variety of climatic conditions. But far from everyone, it gives abundant harvests of delicious juicy fruits.
What is a plum?
The most important advantage of this tree is that its fruits contain an incredible amount of nutrients. They are rich in calcium, phosphorus, mineral salts, proteins, carbohydrates, chromium, iodine, zinc, copper. In addition, they contain a huge amount of vitamins.
It is difficult to overestimate the benefits of this fruit. But, like any garden plant, this tree has its own problems, for example, it starts to dry. Why does a plum dry?
What is important for a plum?
The most important condition for growing a plum tree is space. All gardeners should remember that joining crowns is not acceptable. This condition is important to consider when planting seedlings. Besides, Special attention need to be given to fertilizers. The fact is that they need to be applied in the amount indicated in the instructions, otherwise you can only harm the tree.
Variety selection is an equally important procedure. After all, the abundance of the crop will depend on a well-chosen seedling, suitable specifically for your climate.
What causes tree branches to dry out?
I would like to note right away that there are more than enough reasons why the branches begin to dry. The most important is improper care. However, diseases and pests bring no less problems to trees. Timely treatment, destruction of pests will do their gracious work. Plum will bloom gorgeously and give delicious fruits. So why do plum branches dry?
The crop, and therefore the tree itself, is often threatened by fungal and viral infections. Insects also "try", sometimes causing irreparable damage. And given that plums have a lot of diseases and pests, it is quite difficult to understand the reason.
But, looking closely, it becomes clear that the signs of diseases, as well as currents, differ. Therefore, to determine the source of the problem, it is necessary to understand whether it is a pest or some kind of infection.
Care, what's wrong?
In order for the plant to be healthy and strong, it is important to properly care for it. So, breaking the water balance, you can destroy the tree. Plum does not perceive both excessive moisture and drying.
With an excess of water, the roots die off, which undoubtedly affects the branches, leaves and fruits. Dry soil "beats" flowering, the formation of ovaries, which, by the way, it can throw off.
Temperature effect
It is important for growers to remember that low temperature bad for plums. If in the winter the tree freezes, then in the spring it begins to dry out and it is unrealistic to save it. Thus, we have identified another reason why plum branches dry up.
To prevent this from happening, first of all, you need to choose the right variety that is suitable for specific climatic conditions. Prepare the plum for winter: whiten the trunk, cover, protecting the roots from frost.
Diseases
If young shoots and leaves dry, then you should think about the fact that the tree is infected with something. We need to carefully examine the plant. In the event that from tree bark a clear liquid appears, which later solidifies, we can talk about gum disease. If you do not take any measures, then in the end the tree will weaken, the branches will begin to dry out, and it may simply die.
Aphids can be a viral pathogen, by the way, already infected seedlings are often bought. If, due to the defeat of the virus, the branches withered and the leaves wilted, then the plant can no longer be saved. It will have to be uprooted.
Another common disease is smallpox, which also appears due to aphids. Light spots on the leaves, turning yellow and drying out, indicate the disease. The fruits turn brown and fall off.
With mosaic spotting, chlorotic spots with a hole in the center form on the leaves. The plates narrow, decrease, wrinkle.
Fungi are also detrimental to plums. They are formed in connection high humidity, most often in rainy summers. They appear as dots on the bark, similar to goose bumps.
There are a lot of diseases in fruit plants. To understand what exactly the tree got sick with, it is necessary to study all the symptoms and only after that begin treatment or completely destroy it by uprooting it.
Prevention
Your plum is sick. The leaves of the tree dry. The reason is clear - your inattention.
To avoid problems with the plant, it is necessary to cut dead branches before the buds swell, collect and burn dead ovaries and fruits. During flowering, cut and destroy infected branches. Before you start harvesting, collect and dispose of padanka.
In addition, from the moment of swelling and until the very beginning of the appearance of color, treat the plum with a 1% Bordeaux mixture. During the flowering period, use chorus. If the weather is wet, then after flowering, spray the plant soon.
In any case, the health and fertility of the plum depends to a greater extent on the ability to properly care for the plant, detecting and eliminating the problem in time.
Photo of a dried plum after flowering
Plum like others fruit crops at risk of pest and disease infestation.
Fungal and viral infections, insect damage can lead to crop loss and even death of trees.
It happens that the plum dries, the plum leaves curl, and it is difficult to understand why this is happening. And there are a lot of reasons for this state of trees, because plums have a lot of diseases and pests.
But, if you look closely, the signs of damage to trees and the course of the disease are different. To find the source of the problem, you need to determine the "culprit" - a pest or infection that hit the plum.
Plum: pests and diseases
The reason that the plum dries up may be diseases that affect all or many species of fruit trees or diseases inherent only in this culture. Drying may be based on non-infectious physiological factors.
Diseases
FROM infectious desiccation stone fruit growers encountered in the early twentieth century. What is its cause? These are mainly fungal and viral infections.
Cytosporosis
Cytosporosis is a common fungal disease of fruit trees: first, sections of the bark dry out, then branches die in this place. The disease is dangerous to the life of the tree. Infection with cytosporosis most often threatens weakened plants with damaged bark. "Cytosporous" areas turn red. In the affected bark, numerous dark pycnidia of the fungus (“goosebumps”) are formed, randomly scattered over the affected surface.
Cytosporosis
The preventive measure is correct agricultural technology. Be sure to cover the sections of the branches with garden pitch, remove and burn all dry branches and dried fruits.
It is possible to treat a tree for cytosporosis only in the initial stages of the disease, until the fungus has struck the deep tissues of the plant. With a sharp knife, the damaged areas are removed, capturing healthy wood by two centimeters. For the purpose of disinfection, wounds are treated blue vitriol (2 - percentage solution) and cover with garden pitch.
Verticillium wilt, or wilt, or blackwood
Soil fungus enters the plant through the roots. Many types of plants (about four hundred) are susceptible to infection.
The first manifestation of wilt is the wilting of leaves in mid or late summer. The process begins at the bottom of the branches, gradually rising and capturing young shoots. Plum leaves begin to curl and dry. Premature leaf fall by the first days of August can completely bare the trees. Often the leaves fly around from individual branches or parts of the crown. Only on the tops of annual shoots are young leaves visible. There are acute and chronic forms.
On the leaves, the fungus forms microsclerotia, which remain viable in the soil for up to 8 years. On the saw cut of the branches, a dark ring of dead vessels is noticeable.
Wilt
late blight
Late blight, it turns out, affects not only vegetables, but also trees. When affected by this fungus, the entire tree dries out, while verticillium usually causes the death of individual branches.
Phytophthora (root rot)
Development conditions:
Increased soil moisture;
The presence of wounds on the roots;
Susceptible rootstocks;
Warm winters.
The fungus persists in the soil. In spring, it infects plant roots. Mycelium slowly develops in plum roots, killing them with toxins and causing vascular blockage. The tree dies in two or three years.
Moniliosis
May cause drying of individual branches. With a strong infection, the tree dies. There are two forms of moniliosis: monilial blight and fruit rot.
Monilial burn rages in the spring during the flowering phase. The infection penetrates into plant tissues through the pistils of flowers. Then it spreads through the branches, causing them to dry out. Leaves and young shoots turn black and die, becoming like charred and charred.
Conditions are favorable for the spread of moniliosis during flowering high humidity at low temperature.
Control measures.
Agrotechnical:
- Before swelling of the kidneys - removal, pruning of dead branches; collection and disposal of dead ovaries and fruits.
- In the flowering phase - pruning and disposal of infected branches with the capture of 10-15 cm of healthy tissue.
- Before harvesting - the collection and destruction of carrion.
Chemical:
- From bud swelling to the beginning of flowering - treatment with 1% Bordeaux mixture or abiga-peak 8.5-9.6 kg / ha.
— During flowering, chorus 0.2–0.35 kg/ha is used.
- When maintaining wet weather after flowering, spray with chorus 0.2 kg / ha or soon 0.2 l / ha.
From the manifestation of moniliosis on fruits (fruit rot), if signs of the disease are detected, they are sprayed soon with 0.2 l / ha or abiga-peak 4.8 kg / ha. Processing is carried out at the beginning of ripening.
Plum pox (sharka)
It is expressed by the appearance of pale spots of various shapes on the leaves. With the development of the disease, the leaves become marble, yellow-green. Dark green stripes and rings appear on the fruits. The fruits are deformed and fall off. The leaves dry up. There is premature leaf fall. The next stage of the disease is the drying of the branches, then the whole tree.
The disease is spread with planting and grafting material. The carrier of the infection is the aphid.
Smallpox can destroy an entire garden. It is a quarantine disease. Effective ways there is no fight against sharka.
Pests
Aphid pollinated plum
It hibernates in the phase of eggs, which are located at the base of the kidneys, in cracks in the bark. During bud break in early April, larvae hatch, which stick to the first young leaves. There are few larvae in the first generation, and colonies are found after the end of plum blossom when the larvae of the second generation appear. The pest causes significant damage to leaves, flowers and fruits. Damaged leaves turn yellow along the veins, the flowers dry up, the fruits fall off, because of this, the yield can be significantly reduced.
Control measures.
Agrotechnical:
- When pruning, shoots inhabited by wintering aphid eggs should be cut out and basal shoots should be removed.
Chemical:
- In the early spring period, spraying with preparation No. 30 is carried out.
- In the presence of a pest, before flowering or immediately after it, treatment with fufanon, EC 1 l / ha, or ash with a consumption rate of 2 l / ha, or danadim, EC 2 l / ha should be carried out.
Common spider mite
Females hibernate under fallen leaves, exfoliated bark. In the spring, during flowering, they move to the leaves, where they multiply, forming large colonies on the upper and lower side of the leaf. With an increase in numbers, the leaves are densely covered with cobwebs. The tick sucks the cell sap from the plant.
After shedding a significant number of leaves, the tree may die. The tick is very small, oval in shape. The coloration is variable and depends on the season: at the beginning of summer, the body is grayish-green with dots on the sides, with last days summer to spring becomes orange-red.
Control measures.
Agrotechnical:
- Destruction of weeds, cleaning boles from old dead bark and whitewashing them with lime in the fall.
Chemical:
- In the early spring period, before the start of bud break, if there is a threshold of harmfulness, treatment with preparation No. 30 should be carried out.
- After the end of flowering, during the period when the fruits begin to ripen, plum trees are sprayed with ash, or danadim, or bitoxibacillin.
Drying and curling of plum leaves can also be caused by a strong colonization of trees by other insects, such as scale insects.
Shchitovka
California scale insect
quarantine pest. Yellow microscopic insect from 0.1 mm (larvae) to 1.2 mm (adult female). The body of the scale insect is protected by a shield (from 0.2 to 2.2 mm), which has the color of the bark.
The insect pierces the tissues of the plant with its proboscis and feeds on the contents of its cells: bark, fruits, leaves. More than a hundred scale insects are placed on one square centimeter.
As a result of their harmful activity, the bark cracks, individual branches or the top of the tree dry out, and red or purple spots appear on the fruits.
Control measures.
Spraying before bud break with preparation No. 30,
During the growing season - one of the insecticides: Fufanon, Kemifos, spark M, Aktellik.
But not only pests and diseases can cause the leaves to dry and curl on the plum. Trees dry out due to mechanical damage to the bark, its warming up in the winter. A lack of trace elements (for example, boron and copper) can cause a phenomenon such as dry top.
At close proximity ground water plum can also suffer from this disease.
It happens that it occurs "suddenly". This means that the roots of the tree have reached the groundwater. Especially the drying of the tops of the plum is manifested if the waters are saline.