What is included in humus. Where to get manure and ash for fertilizing the site, vegetable garden. Sawdust and bark

Humus or humus is an effective organic fertilizer containing long-lasting trace elements. Humus has a general strengthening effect on the earth and creates a favorable environment for plants. However, not many gardeners know what it is. Let's consider in more detail what humus is, its composition, and how it differs from compost.

Humus is a useful organic fertilizer that results from the complete decomposition of manure. To turn into humus, the manure of birds or herbivores must lie for at least two years. He is missing bad smell, but it looks like a black substance with an admixture of plants and smelling of fresh earth.

Humus is completely harmless. Thanks to him, the soil is enriched with all the necessary trace elements and minerals, as a result of which you can get a rich harvest of fruits and vegetables in your area. It contains humic acids useful for plants. They dissolve well in soda, ammonia, alkalis, sodium pyrophosphate and do not dissolve in water. In addition, humus contains substances such as fulvic acids, which have a strongly acidic reaction and can dissolve in water. Another group of substances, humins, do not dissolve in anything.

Benefit

This fertilizer contains a lot of nutrients. It absorbs moisture well and helps to keep it. In this case, the humus particles remain the same elastic, and between them there are air gaps necessary for the respiration of the roots. Fertilizer helps to ennoble the soil: in sandy soil, it helps to retain water and nutrients in the root zone, and makes heavy clay soil loose, nutritious, airy.

If humus used as mulch, then in the upper soil layer are created favorable conditions... Crusts with capillaries do not appear on it, which, like a sponge, draw moisture from the soil. Beneficial bacteria begin to settle under the mulch and earthworms, increasing the efficiency of the roots. The soil under the humus cools down much more slowly and also heats up slowly, that is, the temperature changes quite smoothly. This allows heat-loving plants to survive: with the onset of autumn, they have time to prepare for wintering, and in spring they do not wake up ahead of time and therefore do not fall under the blow of frost.

In extreme heat the soil surface, mulched with humus, does not burn the root collar of plants. But it is through the damaged area that causative agents of pepper verticillosis, clematis, garden strawberry and other cultures. The nutrients found in the humus mulch begin to gradually penetrate to the roots of plants with rain and watering, as a result of which in one go the beds are fertilized and moistened.

In addition, humus is an indispensable fertilizer for growing indoor plants and seedlings. Humus as part of the substrate(raw humus) is of great benefit:

pelargonium;
hibiscus;
begonias;
eggplant;
cucumbers and other pumpkin crops.

Varieties of humus

There are three main types of humus, the use of which gives the maximum result as a result of fertilizing the soil in the garden:

from manure;
from bird droppings;
leaf humus.

After maturation, humus from manure is a wonderful plant food, rich in all the necessary microelements. It is recommended to fertilize the soil with such humus 2 times a year while digging the garden. In autumn, unripe humus can also be distributed into the soil. By the planting season, it must decompose, as a result of which the seedlings will receive all the necessary elements for their growth and development.

Leaf humus is the safest and most common fertilizer used by gardeners, but it does not contain nutrients. This top dressing is used to improve the composition of the soil. It is not capable of harming plants and can be fertilized in any quantity, but fearing an overdose. And it is very simple to prepare leaf humus..

How to cook humus?

From manure

In horticultural markets, any summer resident can purchase ready-made humus, sold in bags, but it is quite expensive. It is much more profitable to buy manure on the farm and prepare humus yourself. To do this, the manure must be placed in a compost bin or in a heap where it will ripen. If a box is used, then it is covered with shields, roofing felt or a dark film on top, and it must be ventilated through the sidewalls.

It's OK, if the shelter will slightly let water through, the main thing is that the rains cannot rinse the mass through and through. Manure ripens within 1.5 - 2 years. It is possible to determine that humus is ripe when its volume has completely become free-flowing and has acquired a homogeneous dark color, and its amount decreased by 3 - 4 times in relation to the original.

To make humus ripe as soon as possible, manure should be kept in a secluded place that will not be blown by northern winds. In this case, it will not freeze for a long time, and bacteria will continue to work even in winter. In warm weather, humus should be agitated once a month with a pitchfork, trying to pry it deeper, before slightly moistening it. You can use EM preparations (Shining-3, Baikal and others), which are used to ripen composts.

From bird droppings

There are several ways to prepare liquid fertilizer from chicken manure:

It is necessary to dilute fresh manure in the following proportion: one part of manure to 15 parts of water. During fermentation, a rather unpleasant odor is released, so the dishes where the fermentation process takes place must be covered. As soon as the solution darkens, it should be diluted with water again. If the composition is too concentrated, then the plants can get burned.
One part of the droppings should be mixed with one part of the water in a bucket and covered with a lid or plastic wrap. Put it in a warm place, stirring occasionally. The solution should ferment for several days. Before use, it must be diluted with water: a liter of liquid is used per bucket of water. This solution is used for watering trees and some flowers. If you need to water garden crops, then the concentration of the solution should be even lower.
It is necessary to pour a part of dry or fresh chicken manure into the barrel and dilute it with 4 parts of water. Then stir it well, cover the container and put it in a warm place for several days. It should be infused for several days, and at this time the fermentation process takes place in the barrel. Before use, 0.5 l of the slurry is diluted in a bucket of water. Avoid preparing a solution of strong concentration. If prepared correctly, it should resemble weak tea in color.

Leaf humus

To cook leafy humus, you need to collect autumn leaves and put them in the compost heap. You can also use boxes or bags for this. Many summer residents add manure or a solution of special bacteria to the leaves, which accelerate the decomposition process. Then the foliage must be moistened and covered with foil. From time to time, the leaves need to be agitated and mixed. Such humus matures for 6 - 12 months. Ripe humus resembles fresh, loose soil without an unpleasant odor. It must be borne in mind that oak leaves are not used for the preparation of leaf humus.

This fertilizer is useful for almost all indoor, garden and horticultural crops. The only exceptions are some ornamental crops that require depleted soil (orchids, desert cacti, plants for alpine hills).

In the spring, humus is introduced into the soil for digging, and in the fall - after the harvest is harvested and the site is cleaned. In the fall, humus should be added to the prepared beds (a bucket per 1 m2), two glasses of ash, 2 tbsp. l. phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and 1 - 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate. To find out the spring rate, you need to proceed from the needs of the culture. For planting garden strawberries, flowers, roses, vegetables, humus is introduced in 2 - 4 buckets per 1 m2.

Humus, which acts as a component of fertile soil for growing seedlings, should be used together with compost, garden soil, and peat. For seedlings of flowers and vegetables, humus is introduced into the nutrient substrate about ½ of the total volume.

Under some annuals (cosmea, ageratum, nasturtium), a moderate dose of fertilizer should be applied, since such plants, with an excess of organic matter, begin to “fatten”, that is, the leaves grow to the detriment of flowering.

Humus for strawberries must be applied in the fall after harvest. It is advisable to mulch the fertilizer layer on top with sawdust or straw. The humus is placed in a layer 5 cm thick, while the plants should not come into contact with humus, as they can rot.

Under high-yield crops with an extended period of fruiting (squash, pumpkins, cucumbers), humus is sealed during the spring digging of the soil to a depth of 15 cm. Under raspberries, it is laid from spring as mulch without covering it up. For many indoor plants, humus is used as an additive to nutrient soil.

What is the difference between compost and humus? The content and proportions of nutrients in both fertilizers are practically the same. But compost differs from humus in that it does not structure the soil and does not have a long-term positive effect on its fertility. In addition, nutrients from compost-fertilized soil are not readily available to plants. One more important point - when fertilizing with humus, the danger of plant infection is practically zero, since the anaerobic environment created in the ripening mass of humus destroys the embryos of pests and weeds.

Thus, humus is a fertilizer, which is used by many gardeners as a top dressing different plants, as it contains a huge amount of nutrients. It is usually added to the soil to stimulate the growth and development of plants. You can purchase it, or you can do it yourself. The use of this fertilizer is justified on any type of soil.

It is known that many gardeners and gardeners use manure as nitrogen fertilizer, but it is now expensive and not always available, and mineral fertilizers cost a lot of money.

Indeed, there are usually no farms and cattle yards near summer cottages or just outside the city.

But it is worth driving away, to some distant village, and looking for cattle yards near it, as you will surely stumble upon the so-called letniki. These are temporarily fenced with rafters or sheaves of land intended for summer night accommodation of adolescent cattle (young animals).

In the morning, at 8-9 o'clock, the shepherds drive the cattle to the pasture for feeding with lush grass and by noon, after the watering hole, they drive the herd to the pen for rest. After lunch, at 15-16 o'clock, the whole procedure is repeated, and until the morning the herd spends the night in the pen.

Thus, twice a day - in the morning and in the afternoon - the corral remains empty and open (as a rule, the shepherds do not close the entrance due to the heavy and inconvenient gates made by them, and there is nothing to steal and there is no one to steal). Taking this opportunity, for many years now I have been collecting mullein from this pen in the form of dry granules in unlimited quantities.

Young animals trample these cakes with their hooves during the day, and the sun's heat turns them into granular dry manure 2-3 cm thick throughout the entire area of the pen. The amount of fertilization does not decrease, since there are not many such "hunters" like me, and the herd is growing every week, and the number of cakes is increasing.

On next year not far from this place, the shepherds make a new corral for livestock (since we have plenty of land, the corral is not cleared), and the cycle repeats.

The selection of granules is carried out as follows. It is best to start this work from the end of May, when the earth finally dries up and the succulent grass grows up for feeding livestock, and there will be up to 25 bags of cakes for two hundred square meters, the rest - on the beds, under the apple trees, on and other shrubs. Part of the heap remains for humus until next spring.

Of course, all my recommendations are for car owners who have vegetable gardens or household plots... Although at one time my wife and I had small plot, and I on my bike, as a warm-up, also carried one bag of dry mullein on the trunk in the morning and in the evening, 5 km from the corral. Firstly, there are great benefits for the garden, and secondly, there are even more health benefits.

Where to get ash to fertilize the garden

In villages where firewood is heated, there is ash in every house, but try to ask and no one will give it to you. It's the same in horticulture. A friend told me how he wanted to pick up a bucket of ash by the road opposite a private house, so at first they threatened him from the window, and then an elderly woman jumped out of the house and almost broke his arm with a stick, which he was trying to protect from her ...

If you heat the sauna with wood at least once a week at summer season, then this ash is barely enough for the beds. For the annual feeding of the potato garden (one glass per hole), only for one hundred square meters, at least 4-5 buckets of ash are needed. Where can I get it?

I mine ash in the following way. We still have nostalgia for the "communist subbotniks" when the cleaning was in progress adjoining territory(first all this year we litter it, and then we clean it up one day). At the end of April, on the 21-22nd (Ilyich's birthday), on a clear sunny day, residents apartment buildings they go out together on a "Leninist" volunteer clean-up day and begin to heap garbage from the territory into heaps.

In addition to cans, bottles and various rubbish, wood waste (old stools, broken chairs, various sticks, etc.) is added there, in addition, old trees and shrubs are cut down. All of this waste is incinerated and turned into ash. Now it is necessary not to doze: in the evening or the next morning, I first rake off unburned large debris (glass, bricks, etc.) from the ash heap with a rake, and then scoop the ash into a plastic bag and put it in the car.

Thus, 2-3 bags of ash are collected from two or three heaps. At the dacha, I sift this ash through a sieve. As a sieve, I use an empty herring jar (diameter 200 mm) with holes of 5-10 mm. You can also use an old baking sheet from a gas or electric stove oven as a sieve, having previously drilled the appropriate holes in it.

I will add that it is better to collect ash in the early morning (when residents are sleeping) or at dusk in the evening, otherwise the neighbors and residents may not understand my good intentions and call the police. Thus, without much difficulty, without problems and free of charge, I stock up on valuable mineral fertilizer for future use.

Note to the gardener:

The effect of ash is enhanced by peat, compost and humus.
Ash does not combine with manure, bird droppings, superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizers.
Ash needs a strict dosage: in large quantities it will destroy all useful inhabitants of the soil - their number will recover for a very long time.

There is always a lot of organic waste on the farm - leaves in the fall, vegetables, fruits, animal and bird manure. From all this, you can make an excellent fertilizer without spending a lot of effort. Fertilizer is called compost, which means composed of individual components.

The principle of cooking is simple - to arrange the layers, let them cake and rotate. To prepare compost you need certain types bacteria - anaerobic or aerobic, depending on how the components are laid.

Fertilizers

How to make compost in the country with your own hands - anyone will tell experienced gardener who practices natural organic fertilizers to restore the earth. Only here the recipe is different for everyone - in terms of the quantity and quality of components, ripening times, the use of bacteria.

Than in general outline recipes differ:

What microorganisms are involved in the composting process.

Whether manure is added, or only crop residues.

Which box is used or the components are folded into a pit without air access.

What time of year does the bookmark take place?

The amount of nutrients in the fertilizer depends on how the compost is made in the country - open or closed. In the absence of oxygen, the maturation process is slower, but most of the nutrients are retained.

At closed way it is necessary to completely isolate the mass from air penetration. In such an environment, anaerobic bacteria develop well, which receive energy without oxygen.

If air is allowed, the composting process will proceed faster, but the nutrient output will also be less. The aerobic method avoids acidification, but requires regular mixing of the layers to ensure oxygen access. If this is not done, most of the beneficial microorganisms will die without air.

Biohumus

How to make compost with your own hands, so that 1 liter replaces 10 kg of manure - to provide an opportunity for earthworms to do their job. The fact is that they quickly process organic matter and release waste products in environment- that is, into the compost heap.

The method of making vermicompost will slightly differ from the usual composting of waste in the country. The components are applied in small layers, then red Californian worms are planted - they are champions in eating vegetation.

When eukaryotes process substances, more components are added from above and the worms move to upper layer for a new portion of food. A door is made at the bottom of the box so that the ready-made compost can be shipped.

There are many advantages to this method, but there are also disadvantages: the worms need a constant temperature - in the cold they hibernate, so the box is placed in a warm room. Moisture control is required so that the substrate does not dry out, as well as constant feeding of the worms.

If you are interested in how to quickly make compost so that in a couple of months it can be used for its intended purpose, you need to attract worms. Fast compost does not need to wait a year and a half, but only a couple of months. It is used for both garden and indoor plants.

The benefits of organic compost

Organic fertilizers can restore even the most barren land. The need for organic matter arises when mineral fertilizers have been used for too long - not chelated, but in the form of salts.

So that the soil does not lose its physical and chemical characteristics, it must be fertilized with organic matter once every three years. This can be manure, green manure, humus or compost.

Organic matter serves as food for soil bacteria, due to which humus is formed. Humic acids are the main factor in the fertility of the earth. Organics increase the volume of the soil and retain water. Without moisture, bacteria cannot survive, therefore, there will be no one to process organic matter.

Recycled organic matter is safe for the plant root system. If fresh manure is added to the holes, then poisonous methane and carbon dioxide damage young seedlings. In the process of maturation compost heap all harmful substances evaporate, only useful ones remain.

Minerals from organic compost are completely absorbed by plants, in contrast to chemical fertilizers, the degree of digestibility of which is about 30%. This is explained by natural chelation of trace elements. Organic goes through digestive tract bacteria and comes out in an organic shell of humic acids.

In this form, plants can fully assimilate food - nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and trace elements.

Components of organic fertilizer

Finding out what compost is, how to make it is another question. The fact is that errors are also possible here:

Mix the ingredients incorrectly. Some components should not be added to the ripening compost heap - they increase the maturation time or lead to a stoppage of combustion.

Using additional concentrates bacteria used the wrong kind. For example, they added the leaven of anaerobic microorganisms and opened access to air. Or vice versa - they closed the oxygen to the aerobes, which caused them to die.

The components are packed too tightly for open way or have not tamped cold processing substances.

The humidity level was not maintained - microorganisms died.

The layers were not turned over during ripening. The bacteria ran out of oxygen.

Video: How to make good compost the right way

The compost heap contains all substances of plant and animal origin:

fallen leaves - it is better to mix them with green vegetation;

pruning branches - you need to chop before laying;

sawdust and tree bark - dosages must be observed so that the compostable mixture does not acidify;

wood ash - makes fertilizer more nutritious and accelerates ripening;

tops of vegetable crops;

manure or bird droppings;

cut grass or straw;

eggshells that have not been cooked;

yeast with sugar to quickly warm up the heap;

vegetables and fruits - also without heat treatment;

paper, natural fabrics in a crushed form;

peat and soil.

To increase the nutritional value, superphosphate is added to the compost, since it is initially low in plants and manure. If the goal is to properly prepare compost in the country, so that it is at the same time a nutritious food for plants and a useful component of the soil, you need to add phosphorus.

What can disrupt the maturation of compost

Many people have the notion that all the garbage from the site can be put into the compost heap. This is not true. Even natural ingredients not all are compostable, let alone things like rubber tires, glass, plastic, synthetic fabrics.

When making compost in the country, you cannot use:

Sick plants. If the leaf fungus is infected and the combustion temperature of the compost heap is insufficient, the spores can survive. Such fertilization can cause contamination of the entire area. The correct compost has a temperature of up to 70 degrees during maturation. To measure it, use a thermometer. If the temperature is below 60, the fungus can survive.

Feces of dogs and cats. They acidify the environment too much, so it is better not to use such components. In addition, animal faeces contain pathogenic microflora or helminths.

Organic residues that contain a lot essential oils- lemon or orange peel. Although this question is controversial: not a single summer resident will be able to collect so many cleanings that bacteria die.

Waste from the sewer- also an open question. If there is a two-chamber settling tank at the dacha, in which anaerobic microorganisms function, then such waste is good fertilizer and no composting. Therefore, you can safely use them. But if in wastewater fall detergents or chlorine, then such waste cannot be poured into the compost heap.

It is not advisable to fold into a pile fresh grass- it should lie down a little and dry out.

This will reduce the risk of acidification and odor from the compost heap. It is not recommended to use animal leftovers - bone meal, fish and meat waste. When decomposed, substances of protein origin emit a strong unpleasant odor.

Where should the compost heap be on the site?

Depending on which processing method is used. If earthworms take part in the process, then the pile should be warm. Considering the odor emanating from decomposition of components, it is better to locate the pile or pit away from the housing on the leeward side. The pit in its location should be below the level drinking well at a distance of at least 15 meters.

It is recommended to place the collar in the shade. The best place- under the tree. But if the pile has an open bottom, then the roots of the tree will change the direction of growth in order to receive nutrients. Therefore, it is better to make stationary boxes with a solid bottom.

One of the types organic fertilizer considered humus. This is manure that has been caked for two years. The way to make humus from manure is similar to composting in a pile. It is necessary to put organic matter in a special box. In this case, you need to understand exactly how to store the substance.

It is tamped to restrict air access, or vice versa, loosened to rot faster. In the first case, the temperature will be about 30 degrees and will not rise above. In the second - as it should be for the maturation of the compost heap - about 75 degrees.

When rotting manure, pungent odors are emitted, which can cause discontent among neighbors. There is a way to make humus in the country to fertilize odorless soil. This is an anaerobic method. The bacteria that kill sewer odors will help prevent the spread of odors coming from the pit. But in this case, it is necessary to equip the storage.

How to make a box for organic ripening correctly

For the anaerobic method, a pit or a sealed pile is needed to completely exclude air access. To equip the pit, its bottom and walls must be filled with concrete. This is done so that the liquid flowing down during the preparation of the fertilizer is not absorbed into the soil.

It is rich in nutrients, so it is advisable to keep it. Before laying the components, the bottom is lined with peat, soil, straw or sawdust. These substances retain the nutrient fluid.

After laying, the pit is covered with foil and covered with earth. Complete darkness and an airless environment is formed. When using manure, methane will accumulate under the film.

Ventilation is used in sewage. In the case of a pit, it is also possible to attach a gas evacuation pipe, at the end of which there is a valve. The accumulated gases open the valve, exit, the valve closes, and with it the air enters.

If you put a pile in a box, then there are 2 options - for aerobic and anaerobic methods. The collar is installed on concrete site... The distance between the boards for the aerobic method is at least 3 cm around the entire perimeter. We need a door so that it is convenient to turn the layers with a pitchfork.

For an anaerobic pile, the boards are nailed close to each other, and inner surface lined with foil or other solid material.

For ease of use, two-chamber heaps or pits are made. A new portion of the components is laid in one, and fertilizer is taken from the other for the current season.

If the ripening time is not running out, you can use a grid: fence off a place on the site with it and put household waste there. Air penetrates well through the mesh, especially if the components are not tamped. When it rains, the store should be covered to prevent the finished nutrients from being washed out. In a fine mesh, you can make humus - fill up straw manure and wait for its natural decomposition.

Do-it-yourself fertilizer preparation - ways

How to make compost in the country:

Using earthworms.

Using only bacteria.

Compost fast food can be obtained only if earthworms are populated in organic matter. Those that have a good appetite are recommended. They quickly digest the components and creep up for a new portion.

How to prepare compost in the country quickly with the help of worms:

Fold peelings, bread, food waste, rotten fruit in a compost bin by half or a third. Check for moisture: if water flows out during squeezing, add sawdust, shredded cardboard or soil.

Add the starter culture from the EO preparations.

Mix everything and leave for 2 - 3 days. The mixture should not give off a putrid smell.

Mix the soil before settling worms, so that the ratio is 1: 3.

Launch the worms and make air holes in the lid.

Wait for adults to process waste.

When the worms have eaten the entire portion, add a new one. If the compost is equipped with a bottom door, the finished fertilizer can be removed and used. All adult worms will crawl upward.

Steps for creating a compost heap

What is the right compost:

the substance is dark in color, loose, moist;

has a pleasant smell.

To create a compost heap, you need to prepare the components and grind them. Regardless of who will process organic matter - bacteria or worms - they will eat small parts faster.

It is advisable to remove diseased tops vegetable plants... Hold the green grass in the air to dry out.

Layering of components - what to add for what

When laying, it is necessary to alternate carbonaceous components with nitrogenous ones:

Nitrogenous: manure, green grass, tops, kitchen waste - vegetables and fruits. The content in the mixture is 1/3 of the total.

Carbonaceous: straw, bark, sawdust, corn cobs, seed husks, paper.

Wet ingredients alternate with dry ingredients. A layer of ready-made compost is laid out on the bottom so that microorganisms multiply.

dry layer - moisten with water or urea solution;

a layer of sawdust;

wet layer;

manure or droppings - the best is cow, horse and pigeon;

dry;

wet;

manure;

greens or tops.

The thickness of each layer is no more than 15 cm. The earth is poured in a thin layer between the main components. If there is ash, then it is poured onto the ground or mixed with it. To accelerate the reproduction of bacteria, concentrates are used and each layer is watered with solutions.

Fertilizer based on pig manure is prepared using a different technology. It is mixed with carbonaceous components - straw, sawdust, bark. It is necessary to withstand until fully ripe, then lime.

How to provide oxygen access

The process of making compost in the country with your own hands requires care. First of all, you need to monitor whether a putrid smell has appeared. This suggests that there is not enough oxygen and the compost does not burn, but rot.

In the process of laying, thick sticks are used, which are placed vertically. After the components are laid, they are removed, and the holes remain and ventilate the pile. If the smell does appear, then they take a pitchfork and shovel all the layers. In hot weather, the pile is watered more often, and in the rain it is covered with plastic on top.

Do not use a pitchfork when making vermicompost. This can damage the worms. Therefore, for biohumus, the components are laid loosely, without compaction and only by a third of the volume.

How the readiness of the fertilizer is determined

Experienced gardeners check the readiness of the fertilizer by planting a bug plant. If the seeds sprout on day 6, then the mixture is ready. If not, then you need to endure some more.

It's not a problem if the compost is not matured a little. It is used in a semi-rotten form similar to fresh manure. Pork feces are an exception.

The fertilizer, ready for use, is of medium friability. Water should not drip when clenched in a fist. The smell of compost is similar to forest soil, although some gardeners describe it as ozone, which appears after rain.

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Leaf humus is most often used to fertilize crops. But you can make this nutritious fertilizer not only from leaves. It is also important to store it properly so that it does not lose nutrients.

Humus - what is it? Inexperienced summer residents often ask such questions. Fertilizer of organic origin is called humus. With its help, you can saturate the poor soil with all trace elements necessary for the growth and development of plants. Humus is easy to do with your own hands. All the ingredients necessary for this can be found in any subsidiary farm.

What does it consist of?

Before preparing humus at home, you need to find out what is in it. The composition of humus, as a rule, includes the following components:

Leaves.
Cattle manure.
Bird droppings.
Straw.
Hay.
Weeds from the site.
Ash.
Remains of fruits and vegetables.
Bark.
Wood sawdust.
Special additives to accelerate plant growth.
Branches of trees and bushes.

We can say that all parts of the plants that grew on the site, as well as large manure, can enter the composition of humus cattle... This is especially convenient for those summer residents who are also engaged in agriculture.

How to do it yourself?

Grass and leaves are the basis for fertilization. But that alone will not be enough. Also, you can not do without poultry droppings and cattle manure. Otherwise, instead of nutrient fertilization, you can get silage or rotten grass, which does not bring any benefit to the plants.

What cannot be used for processing into humus:

Chemical agent.
Infected plant parts.
Food of animal origin.
Weed seeds.

If cattle manure is used, then the animals must be healthy. Not all waste that is intended for disposal can be used to make humus at home.

How do you get humus?

In order to get high-quality home-cooked humus, you need to know exactly in what sequence to arrange the layers.

Plants. The first layer is plant remains. It should be no more than 15 cm. If this layer turns out to be larger, then the decay process will be slower. All parts can be used from grass except seeds. Otherwise, they may germinate and then you will have to fight the weeds. The first layer of grass should be sprinkled with earth mixed with lime.
Straw and hay. Thanks to the straw, the deciduous and all other layers are saturated with oxygen. The straw creates a porous structure and binds moisture in the humus. Before spreading hay or straw, it must be thoroughly chopped. Mulching with humus with the addition of hay to provide oxygen access to the plant roots.
Leaves. The leaves need to be dried before making your own humus. If this is not done, then they will go into lumps. Leaves are mixed with other plant residues and spread in a thin layer.
Sawdust. To cook humus in the country, you can use sawdust. But they do not decompose well, so they are mixed with grass and bone meal before laying.
Tree bark. The bark contains a large amount of nitrogen. But in order to increase its concentration in the compost, it is necessary to mix the bark with chicken droppings, cattle manure or urea.

How to make humus?

At home, you can get humus from the following components:

Food waste. Cooking humus is not complete without food waste. They contain many nutrients. But to prevent their decomposition, the waste is mixed with a solid material to provide oxygen.
Manure and droppings. Manure produces the most nutritious humus for plants. It contains a large amount of nitrogen, which helps to accelerate the growth of crops. It is advisable to sprinkle it on top with soil.
Paper. Before laying the paper when preparing manure with your own hands, it must be coarsely cut and moistened in a decoction of herbs. An herbal decoction can be made with nettle. There are a lot of nutrients in nettles, and the paper absorbs them in the process of soaking. Mix wet paper with another hard material. Otherwise, it will crumple.

How to prepare humus from manure?

Many summer residents are interested in the question of humus and where to get it. You can cook it at home with your own hands. The most common type of humus is based on cattle manure. Dung from sheep, cows, or horses will do.

We prepare humus as follows:

Manure for humus must be taken fresh. It contains more nutrients.
Punch up a box and put coarsely chopped grass on the bottom. Then you can lay out the straw. So the humus will be saturated with oxygen.
Then lay out the manure (you can use chicken droppings).
In order to accelerate the decomposition, biodegradants can be added to the humus. It can be Baikal-M or Shining. They contain bacteria that accelerate the decay process.
Humus should be watered regularly (but not poured). It is important not to let it dry out.

You can use humus when it will not be possible to consider individual parts. The mixture should be uniform in consistency. The smell of finished humus should be like wet soil. And the color is brown or closer to black.

How to quickly make humus from leaves?

Leaf humus is also prepared with the addition of manure. You can use straw, paper and other plant debris.

Leaf humus is prepared like this:

You can use any leaves of deciduous trees. If shrubs grow on the site or fruit trees then fallen leaves are used.
Since the leaves are poor in micronutrients, they must be mixed with food waste or sawdust.
Put bird droppings on a layer of foliage.
Humus should be watered periodically. If a large number of midges appear above the box with humus, then this is a clear sign high humidity... In order to get rid of them on a sunny day, the humus must be left open. When it dries a little, cover it back.
If the humus does not change color and does not acquire the smell of moist earth, then it is overdried. You can fix the situation by adding water, potato peelings or fresh herb.

They mulch plants for the winter so that the roots do not freeze and the bushes do not die. Fertilizers made in this way can be stored in bags.

Where to store it?

How to properly store the humus prepared by your own hands so that it does not lose beneficial features? The optimal way storage is a drawer. How to make a humus box?

Humus storage box:

You can put together such a box from any unnecessary boards. At the bottom, you can pour sawdust or leave the box without a bottom, and immediately put humus into it.
On top of the container, you can lay slate or greenhouse film. Moisture that gets on humus along with rain should not accumulate in one place, but should drain into the ground.
Also, do not forget that one of the walls of the box must be pulled out. This will make it easier to pick up the humus for application to the soil.
Humus can also be stored in bags, but you just need to make sure that the sun's rays do not fall on it.

How to store?

What are the features of humus storage? First of all, the container with humus should not be located in open sunlight. So the fertilizer will begin to decompose and pathogenic microbes will begin to multiply in it.

It is important to maintain a constant temperature and humidity in the drawer. The earth and humus itself should not be too wet, but also should not dry out.

It is not advisable to place fertilizer containers next to trees. Very soon, trees can direct their growth towards the composts. And then all the nutrients will be spent on their growth.

Leaf humus is most often used to fertilize crops. But you can make this nutritious fertilizer not only from leaves. It is also important to store it properly so that it does not lose nutrients.

What is humus?

What does it consist of?

Before preparing humus at home, you need to find out what is in it. The composition of humus, as a rule, includes the following components:

Leaves.
Cattle manure.
Bird droppings.
Straw.
Hay.
Weeds from the site.
Ash.
Remains of fruits and vegetables.
Bark.
Wood sawdust.
Special additives to accelerate plant growth.
Branches of trees and bushes.

We can say that all parts of plants that grew on the site, as well as cattle manure, can enter the composition of humus. This is especially convenient for those summer residents who are also engaged in agriculture.

How to do it yourself?

What cannot be used for processing into humus:

Chemical agent.
Infected plant parts.
Food of animal origin.
Weed seeds.

If cattle manure is used, then the animals must be healthy. Not all waste that is intended for disposal can be used to make humus at home.

How do you get humus?

In order to get high-quality home-cooked humus, you need to know exactly in what sequence to arrange the layers.

Plants. The first layer is plant remains. It should be no more than 15 cm. If this layer turns out to be larger, then the decay process will be slower. All parts can be used from grass except seeds. Otherwise, they may germinate and then you will have to fight the weeds. The first layer of grass should be sprinkled with earth mixed with lime.
Straw and hay. Thanks to the straw, the deciduous and all other layers are saturated with oxygen. The straw creates a porous structure and binds moisture in the humus. Before spreading hay or straw, it must be thoroughly chopped. Mulching with humus with the addition of hay to provide oxygen access to the plant roots.
Leaves. The leaves need to be dried before making your own humus. If this is not done, then they will go into lumps. Leaves are mixed with other plant residues and spread in a thin layer.
Sawdust. To cook humus in the country, you can use sawdust. But they do not decompose well, so they are mixed with grass and bone meal before laying.
Tree bark. The bark contains a large amount of nitrogen. But in order to increase its concentration in the compost, it is necessary to mix the bark with chicken droppings, cattle manure or urea.

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How to make humus?

At home, you can get humus from the following components:

Food waste. Cooking humus is not complete without food waste. They contain many nutrients. But to prevent their decomposition, the waste is mixed with a solid material to provide oxygen.
Manure and droppings. Manure produces the most nutritious humus for plants. It contains a large amount of nitrogen, which helps to accelerate the growth of crops. It is advisable to sprinkle it on top with soil.
Paper. Before laying the paper when preparing manure with your own hands, it must be coarsely cut and moistened in a decoction of herbs. An herbal decoction can be made with nettle. There are a lot of nutrients in nettles, and the paper absorbs them in the process of soaking. Mix wet paper with another hard material. Otherwise, it will crumple.

How to prepare humus from manure?

We prepare humus as follows:

Manure for humus must be taken fresh. It contains more nutrients.
Punch up a box and put coarsely chopped grass on the bottom. Then you can lay out the straw. So the humus will be saturated with oxygen.
Then lay out the manure (you can use chicken droppings).
In order to accelerate the decomposition, biodegradants can be added to the humus. It can be Baikal-M or Shining. They contain bacteria that accelerate the decay process.
Humus should be watered regularly (but not poured). It is important not to let it dry out.

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How to quickly make humus from leaves?

Leaf humus is also prepared with the addition of manure. You can use straw, paper and other plant debris.

Leaf humus is prepared like this:

You can use any leaves of deciduous trees. If shrubs or fruit trees grow on the site, then fallen leaves are used.
Since the leaves are poor in micronutrients, they must be mixed with food waste or sawdust.
Put bird droppings on a layer of foliage.
Humus should be watered periodically. If a large number of midges appear above the box with humus, then this is a clear sign of high humidity. In order to get rid of them on a sunny day, the humus must be left open. When it dries a little, cover it back.
If the humus does not change color and does not acquire the smell of moist earth, then it is overdried. You can remedy the situation by adding water, potato peel or fresh grass.

They mulch plants for the winter so that the roots do not freeze and the bushes do not die. Fertilizers made in this way can be stored in bags.

Where to store it?

How to properly store humus prepared by hand so that it does not lose its beneficial properties? The best storage method is a drawer. How to make a humus box?

Humus storage box:

You can put together such a box from any unnecessary boards. At the bottom, you can pour sawdust or leave the box without a bottom, and immediately put humus into it.
On top of the container, you can lay slate or greenhouse film. Moisture that gets on humus along with rain should not accumulate in one place, but should drain into the ground.
Also, do not forget that one of the walls of the box must be pulled out. This will make it easier to pick up the humus for application to the soil.
Humus can also be stored in bags, but you just need to make sure that the sun's rays do not fall on it.

How to store?

It is important to maintain a constant temperature and humidity in the drawer. The earth and humus itself should not be too wet, but also should not dry out.

It is not advisable to place fertilizer containers next to trees. Very soon, trees can direct their growth towards the composts. And then all the nutrients will be spent on their growth.