Diseases of pear trees. What are the varieties of pear diseases and pests. Cytosporosis, or infectious drying of the pear bark

This is, as a rule, a consequence:

wrong choice of landing site;
neglect of the rules of care;
sudden changes in temperature;
unbalanced soil composition.

Chlorosis as a consequence of the lack of Fe, Mn, Mg, S, N, О₂ in the soil or its high carbonate content (yellowing or whitening of the apical leaves, suppression of growth, deformation of fruits or their shedding);
Hydrothermal burn Consequently negative impact sunlight and excess moisture in combination with wind when wrong choice planting sites (leaves turn black and die in July-August);
Frosty and sun-frosty burn- freezing of branches with subsequent withering away, or rupture of the bark, due to temperature changes inside the trunk and on the surface;
Proliferation(non-infectious) - intensive awakening of dormant buds, leading to the growth of erect lateral shoots, drowning out fruit-bearing branches, and leading to a decrease in yield and fruit quality.

Fungal diseases caused by spore pathogens that form conidia and germination of mycelium in the vegetative organs of the plant. The most common:

For your information: The main methods of combating fungal diseases are reduced to:

removal of vegetative parts of the plant that retain the spores of the pathogen;
spring and autumn spraying Bordeaux liquid and 7% solution of urea or chloride copper, colloidal sulfur;
sanitary pruning of wood and covering the cuts and wounds with garden pitch;
whitewashing of trunks;
deep digging trunk circle.

The causative agent is a single-celled microorganism of a large species diversity, spread by insects or water.

For your information: For bacterial diseases, quarantine is regulated: after the destruction of the plant, the place is disinfected with copper oxychloride and left in the deposit for 1-2 years. There is experience of treatment with streptomycin (1 ampoule x 5 liters of water) and immunity stimulants.

Viral

The pathogen is reproduced inside the cell, has a large species diversity, striking all living things. The virus kills the host cell or is in a latent state in it for many months and years - chronic diseases... The carriers of viruses to plants are unicellular organisms, fungi, insects, nematodes.

Mosaic disease- recognized by angular light spots on the formed leaves. Infection occurs during vaccinations.
Grooved wood(flattening of branches). The disease is typical for trees aged 2-3 years. Pathology in the growth of the trunk leads to cracking of the cortex, into which a viral infection penetrates, which affects the formation of the vascular system of the cambium. Affected branches appear flat and twisted. The system of communication between the crown and roots is disrupted, which leads to the death of the plant.
Viral proliferation(witch's broom). Under the influence of viruses, there is a surge in the activity of dormant buds, the plant throws out up to 250 shoots of root shoots, which affects the root load. The tree turns into a barren bush that has lost its varietal dignity.

For your information: Fight against viral infection wears only radical forms: uprooting, destruction in fire, quarantine of the earth.

Visual signs, diagnosis of pear diseases

Which is more effective: treat or prevent?

The process of treating a plant affected by a disease time consuming, costly and ineffective... Some of the diseases do not have any means of elimination at all. There is only one way out - prevention:

careful selection of planting material, its purchase in licensed nurseries;
the correct choice of a landing site and adherence to recommendations for its density;
conscientious implementation of all agrotechnical measures, and within the specified time frame (pruning, watering, cleaning dry residues, digging the ground);
timely elimination of pests and conditions for the growth of their population;
regular inspection of the plant and an adequate response to visual changes in its condition.

The main symptom of this disease is brown spots on the fruit of the tree. This disease is caused by a fungus, which, within a week after its appearance, affects almost the entire pear harvest. After brown spots are clearly visible on the fruits, white growths form on top of them. The flesh of affected pears becomes tasteless and friable. Rotten fruits fall to the ground, but some of them dry up and remain hanging on the tree for several months. If treatment is not started on time, the fungus will begin to infect the branches and trunk of the tree. As a result, growths will appear on the bark.

Pear moniliosis

Basically, the fungus begins to act in July-August, but the period of spread may vary, depending on the climate of the region.

To cure a diseased tree, you first need to quickly cut off the affected fruits and branches. Remember to do it regularly. This will remove the unhealthy branches on which the fungus develops. To protect the tree, spray it with fungicides. It will be possible to increase the plant's immunity with the help of root dressings and bio-cocktails. Among the latter, the most effective are Ekoberin, Baikal and Aktofit.

Rust on pear leaves

To fight rust from the tree, you need to cut off the affected fruits, leaves and branches. For treatment experienced gardeners spray trees with concentrated solutions of urea, infusion of ash, copper sulfate... You can also get rid of this pear disease with the help of horsetail and marigold infusions. Another way of therapy is spring processing sick tree with 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Many gardeners are faced with such a problem as the formation of cracks in the bark of pears. At first, small cracks appear on the trunks, but after a couple of weeks they grow into wide grooves that run along the entire trunk. There can be several reasons for this problem:

sharp jumps in temperature;
sunburn;
planting seedlings in the ground too deep;
lack of timely trimming;
excessive use of fertilizers.

Cracks in the bark

The symptoms of the disease do not end with the appearance of large cracks alone. In addition, a diseased tree slows down its growth, leaves and fruits fall prematurely from its crown. Moreover, with the appearance of cracks, the wounds formed on the trunk become vulnerable to various viruses and pests.

Like other pear diseases, cracks should never be left unattended. For treatment, you will need to clean the dried bark to healthy tissue using a metal brush. Then the area of the crack must be treated with a 1% Bordeaux liquid or a solution of ferrous sulfate. Cover the cracks with clay or mullein immediately after treatment. To prevent the disease, do not forget to add a small amount of dressing and plant seedlings in a partially darkened area.

This disease most often affects young pear trees. It is provoked by the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The main symptoms of the disease include hard woody formations of various sizes on the roots, trunks and branches of trees. If you buy an infected tree and plant it in the soil, the bacteria begins to spread to other trees in the garden and beyond.

Pear root cancer

When treating pear root cancer, treat the purchased seedling with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. Cut off the found growths together with the roots, the same applies to the branches of the plant. If the bacterium has already infected an adult tree, it must be dug up and watered with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. After a couple of days, watering is repeated. Treat the branches with fungicides, cutting off the cancerous growths before this.

Why is black pear cancer dangerous?

This dangerous disease quickly affects the bark, fruits and skeletal branches of pears and apple trees. Initially, small wounds or cracks appear on the bark, which, as they grow, tear the bark of the tree. Bright brown spots appear on the affected areas. To treat this disease of apple and many varieties of pear, it is necessary to remove the affected fruits and branches.

Use a pruning shear to cut off the torn pieces of bark. Treat the remaining wounds with a solution of copper sulfate, special lubricant or mullein. Burning prematurely fallen leaves will help prevent the onset of the disease.

For the prevention of black cancer, you need to cut off the dried branches of pears and apple trees in time. As you know, the pear is very vulnerable to harmful bacteria, its diseases and pests spread very quickly throughout the tree. After that, they move on to other plants. Therefore, when processing trees, it is necessary to spray other nearby growing fruit trees... Not all pear varieties are afraid of black cancer. So, increased immunity the bacteria-pathogen possess varieties Cathedral, January and Dukhmyanaya.

I do not like to spray the garden from pests, use chemistry, breathe it and eat. But. sometimes this cannot be avoided. I once again encountered pear diseases recently, when I took up vaccination. The stalk was grafted well, the leaves blossomed in the spring, then closer to the middle of summer they began to become covered with dark brown dots. Moreover, only the leaves on the grafted cuttings got sick - I realized that the disease came along with the grafting cuttings and it was necessary to carry out treatment. Apparently, pathogens were found on the sent cuttings - spores of some
or a type of fungus.

Scab

This is how she looks in the photo:

Scab is a fungal disease. In the middle of summer, black-brown spots with mushroom bloom appear on the leaves. Gradually, the leaves dry out.

On fruits, scab is manifested in the formation of cracks, black-brown spots. Pouring pears and apples stops.

For the prevention of the disease, spraying should be carried out in the spring when the leaves are blooming. It is necessary to use copper-containing preparations, for example, copper sulfate, 0.1% solution. That is, dilute 1 gram of vitriol in 1 liter of water.

You can use "Skor" (one ampoule per 10 liters) or "Oxyhom" (20 grams - a bucket).

Spraying is repeated on young ovaries.

I managed to defeat the disease by washing the leaves with a tetracycline solution - stir two tablets in a glass of water.

Septoriasis

Looks like grayish-white spots with a brown or yellow border.

Fungus infection occurs mainly after flowering, and visually manifests itself in the second half of summer, when black dots of spores appear in the center of the spots.

The septoria fungus spends autumn and winter on fallen leaves, therefore, in the spring, the tree trunk circle and the whole tree are treated with the same means as in the case of scab disease, but 3-4 treatments are done.

Powdery mildew

This fungal disease spreads to buds, leaves, young shoots, and then flowers.

The photo shows a white velvety bloom, it destroys the inflorescences, and the fungus remains on the branches. In early spring when the buds begin to bloom, "Topaz" or "Skor" will help - one ampoule is dissolved in a bucket of water.

After the pear has faded, use "Hom", dilute 40 grams in 10 liters. After harvesting, spraying with a solution of copper sulfate is recommended: 50 grams per 5 liters of water.

Moniliosis

This is a fungal disease. The fungus causes drying and death of buds, leaves, ovaries, fruits. They seem to be scorched by fire. therefore another name for the disease is monilial burn.

Affected fruits rot right on the branches and remain there until spring. Spores of the fungus spend the winter on the affected parts of the plant.

Moniliosis of pear fruits is called fruit rot.

Measures to combat moniliosis as in rust.

Rust

Photo of affected foliage:

Fungal disease. Many brown spots appear on the outside of the leaves.

Before the buds bloom and after, the trees are sprayed with solutions of the preparations "Hom" (40 grams per 5 liters of water) or "Oxyhom" (20 grams in a bucket of water).

Cytosporosis

A fungal disease that causes drying out of areas of the bark. Red-brown ulcers form on it and grow rapidly. This usually occurs locally from frostbites on the trunks and branches of the tree. This is often accompanied by the death of individual branches, sections of the trunk. The bark during cytosporosis does not exfoliate, but is wetted.

To treat the disease, it is necessary to clean up frostbite and burns to healthy wood, wipe it with a solution of vitriol (copper, one percent), brilliant green, or treat it with Hom, Oxykhom preparations. Then the wound is covered up oil paint or liquid garden pitch.

If the damage is very strong, treat the wound with the following composition: clay + mullein + ash; wrap for a while with a rag. One tablet of heteroauxin can be added to this composition for better overgrowth.

Bacterial burn

Dangerous viral disease. In the second half of summer, without apparent reasons annual growths wither, leaves turn black. The whole tree may die.

Carriers can include rodents, insect pests, and contaminated planting material or grafting and pruning tools.

Unfortunately, only prevention of the disease is generally effective, not treatment. Usually the tree is destroyed, and the place where it grew is treated with a solution of copper sulfate (3 tablespoons per bucket of water); there are no landings for a year or two. Let's hope that our pets will avoid such a fate.

Black cancer or anthracnose

The causative agent of this pear disease is a fungus that can settle only in places where the tree is damaged.

This means that it is necessary to monitor cracks in the bark, frost cracks, burns and treat them in a timely manner: first disinfect, and then cover with a composition of clay, mullein and ash. On half a bucket of liquid clay, I put a liter bucket of mullein and a glass of sifted ash.

This composition is very helpful in treating large wounds on the trunk and branches. On next year the bark grows again. I tested it on my pear.

From all of the above material, it can be seen that the pear has many diseases, but there is nothing to be afraid of. It is only necessary that our wards have good immunity in the gardens. This requires timely feeding and preventive measures .. This will help us trace elements and "non-chemical" drugs, such as "Fitosporin", "Zircon", "Epin-extra", "Ekoberin", "Fitoverm".

Small addition. How to heal trees damaged by hares

Recently I was in my garden after a long winter break. It turned out that the bark of the young trees was damaged in some places. It was the hares that came. They were not in our gardens for a very long time, about 25 years. What made them appear again? Somebody knows?

Many years ago, my dad saved trunks and lower branches by wrapping them in old elastic tights for the winter.

I cleaned the wounds immediately sharp knife, coated with the composition indicated above. Soon the wounds will heal.

You can take your time to remove the nourishing medical compress, it is advisable to do this for the next season.

What methods of treatment for pear diseases do you use - write in the comments.

Today we invite you to familiarize yourself with the catalog of all pear diseases, with photos and descriptions, as well as tips for combating them. In the article we will talk about various methods of prevention, as well as about alternative methods of treatment. This fruit tree, unfortunately, is sensitive to many pathogens, both bacterial and viral or fungal. Therefore, if you want your orchard was in excellent condition, you must keep an eye on it, and not only for the pear, but also for her a lot, but first things first.

Often, to determine what ailment struck a pear, its leaves can begin to turn black, curl to dry, at the very beginning of spring, which is not at all characteristic of it, and such a move can leave the gardener without a crop.

Often, one type of fungus, infecting one fruit tree in the garden, can spread to others, while being just as dangerous for all varieties and species. Therefore, if you find one of the pathogens on a pear, plum or peach, it is necessary to treat all other trees growing on your site in order to prevent it.

As it became clear from the text above, the timely detection of pathogens of ailments can save your entire garden, so take the study of the symptoms seriously.

Scab.

The fungus Fusicladium pirinum affects not only the pear, but also many other cultivated plants.

Symptoms: foliage is the first to suffer, a speck can be observed on the bottom of the plate, dark green, on these spots plaque will be noticeable, these are fungi colonies. As the fruit progresses and ripens, the scab spreads on them. The peel becomes covered with spots, after which it begins to crack, the pulp in this place, on the contrary, acquires an uncharacteristic hardness, which reduces the taste. Deformation of the fetus occurs, they also lose their presentation.

Prevention:

Bordeaux liquid reliable remedy, it is necessary to process the pear three times to avoid scab:

As soon as greenery appears on the tree.
Spray a second time when the buds turn pink.
After flowering.

Barrel access to fresh air also significantly reduces the risk of scab. Therefore, be sure to thin out the crown, remove unnecessary branches, and be sure to coat the cut with garden pitch. For air to enter the roots, it is necessary to loosen the soil near the trunk circle. Also, do not forget to constantly remove fallen fruits and branches, foliage.

After leaf fall, all biological waste is burned away from plants. Those pears that are heavily infected with scab are treated in autumn with "Dnock" or with the help of "Nitrafen" paste. Systemic fungicide "Skor" shows excellent results, however, it must be used with all caution, acting strictly according to the instructions.

Do not give in to scab: "Muratovskaya", "Rusanovskaya", "Yanvarskaya".

Fruit rot or Moniliosis of apples and pears.

This disease harms not only the pear, but also, and very many other fruit and stone fruit trees in the garden. Moniliosis can cause significant yield damage. It is especially dangerous during the fruiting period. But even after you have taken the harvest, the disease does not go away, but remains on the fruits, where it continues its destructive effect.

It manifests itself in two forms:

Fruit rot... The causative agent is a harmful fungus. It is widespread in all regions where stone fruits are grown. This is a very dangerous enemy, because after its action, the fruits become completely unusable. The first manifestation will be the formation of a brown spot on the pear, which quickly grows throughout the fruit. Taste qualities are completely lost along with the presentation. Light spots appear on the rot, these are spores of fungal colonies. They are easily carried by rain or wind, and insects can also be carriers. The rapid development of events makes moniliosis dangerous enemy for the whole garden, incubation period lasts only a few days, and after a week the spores are ready to go to another tree. They penetrate through small cracks and damage. Optimal weather - temperatures from +16 to +30 С and high humidity air. If it is too dry, or hot, cold spores are not tolerated, but become bluish and mummified, this process most often occurs on fruits during storage. Therefore, it is important to remove them, especially if they have fallen from the tree. The fungus can remain in them until spring, wait for suitable conditions and start infecting healthy plants.
Monilial burn... In this case, inflorescences and flowers, ringlets, fruit branches and twigs remain affected. This condition is also caused by a mushroom that is stored in the mycelium, on damaged branches, and in the spring, upon awakening, begins its active work... Awakening temperature - about +14 C, also necessary condition for distribution will be high humidity, in the form of rains, fogs. This fungus is especially dangerous in the Far East.

Methods of control and prevention:

Collect fallen fruits constantly, if they show signs of infection, destroy them away from the garden. Pluck sick, mummified fruits from the branches. Protect the pear and apple tree from scab, because at this time it creates cracks into which moniliosis penetrates, it is also necessary to protect the garden from birds, they can also peck fruits, damaging them, and opening the way for harmful fungi.

Infected plants can be treated with fungicides. At the first lesions, you can start working with the moth, repeat the procedure after 15-20 days. In the case of processing pears from scab and powdery mildew, processing from fruit rot can be omitted. The following fungicides have proven themselves well: "Horus", "Strobi", "Bordeaux liquid", "Abiga-Peak".

Remove the affected branches and fruits from the tree, because the causative agent of monilial burn usually hibernates there.

Sooty fungus, pear leaves turn black, what to do.

Blackening of pear leaves is the surest sign of the appearance of a sooty fungus on a tree. It manifests itself already from mid-July, in the form of a black bloom on leaf plates, in appearance it is very similar to soot. The main targets for the pest are weakened plants, with a lack of minerals, or on which pests or other diseases have settled.

The best habitat for the fungus is considered to be sugar secretions from insects, for example, aphids, in addition, it damages the structure of the tree, and soot bloom penetrates through these cracks. Also insects weaken immune system pears. The fungus hibernates under the bark, or in dry foliage, and begins to act in the spring.

Fight and prevention:

Insecticide - "kalypso" is used to prevent blackening of pear leaves, it destroys insect vectors. To curb the spread of the fungus in the complex use the fungicide "fitover".

Resistant variety: "Cathedral".

Leaf diseases:

Due to leaf or root diseases, the bark of a pear can completely cease to bear fruit. These diseases are very harmful, they must be eliminated in time in order to preserve your harvest. The causative agents are fungi, viruses, bacteria.

Powdery mildew of apples and pears.

The carrier of powdery mildew is the marsupial mushroom. The symptoms are very vivid and difficult to confuse with other diseases. Already at the very beginning of spring, on young and not only shoots that have blossomed, you can notice a bloom white... Over time, it changes its shade to red, over time, the affected leaves or inflorescences begin to dry and fall off. Young shoots are worst of all, as a rule, whole mushroom colonies settle on them.

Fight and prevention:

Dry and damaged branches, shoots should be removed and burned away from the garden. From time to time, pears and apple trees must be sprayed with preparations: "foundation" or "sulfite".

Folk methods of dealing with powdery mildew on the trees.

As a control against powdery mildew folk methods, you can process the garden with a solution: soda ash 50 grams, 10 grams liquid soap, all this for 10 liters of water. Sometimes a 1% solution of potassium permanganate is used for spraying a tree.

Resistant varieties: Moskvichka, Dukhmyanaya, Yanvarskaya.

Rust of leaves.

A very dangerous disease that can lead to death of a pear. Caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae. An interesting fact is that for successful life the fungus needs two plants: a pear and a juniper. It hibernates in a juniper, and in the spring it migrates to a fruit tree. It can destroy the entire crop, so fighting rust is very important.

Symptoms: on juniper, the fungus spreads throughout the plant, infecting everything in its path, the disease is usually chronic. On it you can observe swelling and wounds, as well as jelly processes. orange that represent the mycelium. And in the spring, in wet weather, the spores begin their journey to the nearest pear, infecting young foliage and fruits.

Rust appears as, rounded spots yellow color, such spots appear after flowering, usually at the end of April. Already in the middle of summer, rust appears on most leaves, and black dots also appear on the spots. The peak of the disease falls already in the fall, the red spots swell, shoots appear on them, they contain spores that are transferred to the juniper, so that in the spring the circle will repeat again.

Prevention:

The first method of preventing rust on a pear is, oddly enough, pruning diseased branches on a juniper, they must be immediately burned, away from the garden.

Rust control:

Infected branches must be cut, 10 centimeters lower, capturing the healthy part. Clean the lesions with a knife down to healthy wood, disinfect them with a solution of copper sulfate (5%), the last step is to process the cut site with garden pitch.
At the very beginning of spring, spray the pear with Bordeaux liquid 1%, it can be replaced with copper oxychloride. The second time spraying is carried out at the beginning of flowering, the third time shortly after the second, the fourth after another week and a half. Sometimes copper sulfate is used 50 milliliters of substance per 10 liters of liquid.
To protect the garden from various diseases, such as scab, rust, you can use the preparation "scor" 2 milliliters per 10 liters of water. Spray at least three times - before the leaves appear, before flowering, and after.
By means of "triadimefon" processing is carried out 6 times a year, stirring 10 grams of the substance in 10 liters of liquid. Use the substance for the first time as soon as you see the manifestation of the disease, the rest every three weeks.
Tincture wood ash- Dissolve half a kilogram of ash in 10 liters of liquid, let stand for 48 hours.

Resistant varieties: Gordzala, Gulabi, Nanaziri, Sailo, Sakharnaya, Souniani, Chizhovka.

Diseases of the trunk and roots, photos and treatment:

This group is the most difficult to detect and therefore the most difficult to treat. Since, pear leaves can turn black, and the reason will not be in them, but somewhere deep underground in the root system.

Black cancer (Antonov fire).

Black cancer develops slowly, over 2-3 years, first a crack appears on the bark, over time it grows, and the cambium is exposed. At the edges of the cracks, characteristic spots appear, brown in color, this is nothing more than wounds, into which spores of fungi, viruses and pathogenic bacteria are taken.

Struggle: Cut off the affected areas with a knife, with healthy tissue. Further, the resulting damage should be treated with the help, the clay is mixed with the mullein, and applied on top of the wound. Always remove foliage and fruit by burning them away from plantings.

Resistant varieties: "August dew", "Samaryanka".

Cytosporosis (stem rot).

A fungal disease affecting the trunk, hence the second name. At the site of the lesion, the bark changes its color to red with a distinct brown tint, it soon begins to dry. The fungus penetrates inside through sunburn and frost-damaged sections of the trunk.

The treatment is similar to the treatment of black cancer, it is necessary to remove the damaged area, up to healthy tissue, clean it with a knife. The operation site is covered with clay. For preventive purposes, it is necessary to constantly carry out sanitary, and also be sure to whiten for the winter.

Resistant varieties to cytosporosis: "Moskvichka", "Yanvarskaya".

Bacterial burn.

The most common reason why the leaves of pears turn black is a bacterial burn of pome fruits. This is a rather dangerous disease, it can only be cured by applying A complex approach... The causative agent is a bacterium that is carried both by insects and by the elements (rain, wind).

Symptoms: the first manifestations can be seen during flowering, you need to look at the inflorescences, they begin to fade rapidly, their color changes, and the leaves of the pear begin to turn black, curl, the inflorescences turn brown, the bark peels off and die.

The blight spreads rapidly throughout the tree and weak and susceptible plants die. Resistant plants will lose the ability to bear fruit for several seasons, after which their functions will be restored.

Control methods:

The infected shoot is immediately removed, and you need to cut it in a lively way, capturing a healthy area by about 20 centimeters. The branches should be burned, away from the garden. The tools that were used to manipulate the infected tree must be disinfected.

Folk remedies:

Some craftsmen and experts recommend, after cutting, smear the wounds with a solution (2.5 tablets of an antibiotic (rifampicin, gentamicin) diluted in one liter of water), the remaining preparation is suitable for spraying an entire pear affected by a bacterial burn. With the beginning of the growing season, everything fruit trees on the site sprayed with Bordeaux liquid. The number of procedures is about 8-9 per agricultural year.

Can also be treated after cutting with fungicides: copper sulfate 1%, and inkstone 0,7%.

Resistant varieties: "Moscow", "January", "March".

Root cancer.

The causative agent of root cancer is the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Most often, the pathogen remains in the roots of an untreated seedling, it can live underground for 2-3 years. This is a dangerous condition that can lead to the death of the plant. Therefore, carefully inspect the roots before planting, and if you see strange growths, as in the photo, be sure to remove them. Buy seedlings only in proven places, and be sure to process them before planting.

https://youtu.be/6NKPh0XrwN8

Pests:

But not only diseases are harmful to the pear, there are also a lot of pests that can ruin the life of a gardener. Therefore, at the peak of the season, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures.

Tick (galovy).

These small, creatures can do a lot of harm. They are carried in different ways, by wind, insects and even by a gardener, having sown on his clothes. After that, whole colonies of the settlement are formed on the leaves, you can recognize them by the swelling on the leaves. These are the places of poisoning, thanks to which the ticks suck the juices from the tree, further pear leaves start to turn black and fall off.

Prevention methods:

Always collect and burn fallen leaves.
Choose resistant varieties.
The trunk circle must be dug up with the arrival of autumn.

Chemical fight:

Sulfur and phosphate preparations are used, such as the Vertimek insecticide. When working with these drugs, be sure to wear a protective suit.

Hawthorn butterfly.

You have probably noticed mummified leaves on the tree, but it may not have occurred to you that very harmful creatures hibernate in them. The hawthorn butterfly lays its larvae in them, which with the onset of spring will begin to destroy your plantings. In addition to the pear, apple trees, hawthorn and even bird cherry can also suffer from it. Therefore, be sure to cut them off in winter and burn them away from the site.

Sawyer.

During the opening of the buds, this insect penetrates them and lays its eggs in each of them. After the caterpillar is born, it rapidly destroys the foliage that grows next to its incubator.

The offspring live in cocoons from the web, so they must be detected and destroyed. Dig up the trunks.

In order not to lose the harvest, you need to know all the pear diseases in person, so we supplemented the material with a photo and description, we hope that what you have read will help you cope with any problems that arise on your site. And remember that it is better to prevent an ailment than later, it is long and difficult to treat it, so take all preventive measures, cut trees, spray them with Bordeaux liquid, fight weeds and pests, and then you can enjoy the taste of your favorite fruits.

»Pears

Pear can be attributed to fruit crops that are found on almost every garden plot... But positive emotions associated with the cultivation of this crop and the collection of tasty fruits can overshadow numerous diseases... They can not only worsen the decorative effect of the plant, but also lead to a significant decrease in yield and even death of the tree. In this article, we will look at why pear diseases occur and methods of treating various diseases.

Pear diseases are numerous and can affect different parts of the plant. Many of them can infect not only pear, but also other pome crops, such as apple, quince, medlar, hawthorn. What to do in case of tree disease and how to treat them? With regular inspection of trees, it is easy to notice signs of disease, even in the early stages.... Therefore, even a novice gardener needs to know the main diseases of pears.

Most often, the following symptoms appear:

Change in the shape of leaves and fruits;
The appearance of spots of various colors and shapes;
The defeat of young shoots and bark of old branches;
Lignification of fruits and change in taste;
Falling leaves, ovaries and fruits;
Drying of branches and tree.

Tree proliferation, disease control methods

Pear proliferation - viral disease which is also called overgrowth. Prematurely developed shoots move away from the plant at an acute angle... Numerous thin side shoots, dormant buds wake up, and strong branching of lateral fattening shoots leads to the formation of witch's brooms.

Leaves of diseased shoots, as a rule, have large, well-developed stipules with a jagged edge. Flowers on infected plants do not fall off, and re-flowering may occur at the end of summer. The fruits are deformed, and the stalks are greatly elongated.

Most often, the disease is transmitted by vaccination.

It is impossible to cure the disease, therefore, when it comes to industrial plantings, it is better to create a new one with a previously tested healthy planting material... In individual gardening, you can observe the condition of the tree. Often the disease can pass into a latent form and practically not manifest itself, and the plant will develop normally and bear fruit.

Scab - fruits and leaves turn black, how to treat?

Pear scab is one of the most common diseases. With severe damage, not only the quality and quantity of fruits decreases, but also the trees dry out and freeze. The rapid development of the disease occurs if frequent precipitation and high temperatures contribute to the constant moisture of the plant.

Scab is a fungal disease. The first sign is the appearance of rounded yellowish spots on all aboveground organs of the plant: branches, fruits, pedicels, leaves and petioles. Gradually, the spots become necrotic, acquire a black color with a dark olive bloom. On the petioles and shoots in the affected area, tubercles are formed, which later transform into ulcers, cracks and dents. The fruits are formed dark spots with a light rim. The pulp under them stiffens, cracks appear, the fruits are deformed, and their quality and quantity are noticeably reduced.

The fight against the disease must be carried out in a comprehensive manner.... In autumn, the affected leaves must be raked and burned, and the soil under the trees must be dug up. Thickened crowns should be thinned out, removing dry and damaged branches. Damaged young shoots must be removed immediately. During leaf fall it is recommended to carry out treatment with ammonium sulfate (10-20%), silitol (0.1%) or urea (8%).

In the spring, it is necessary to spray three times with protective fungicides: Bordeaux mixture (1%), copper oxychloride. The first time the trees should be sprayed before blooming, the second after flowering, and after another 2 weeks, the treatment should be carried out a third time.

Planting resistant varieties helps to reduce the risk of scab damage: Bere Bosk, Vrodliva, Tavricheskaya, Vystavochnaya, Kucheryanka, etc.

Fruit rot or moniliosis

It affects pear and apple trees, less often other pome fruits. Sometimes found on stone fruit crops.

Signs of the disease can be detected not earlier than the middle of the growing season. when the fruits begin to pour. On the surface of the fruit, small brown spots that quickly grow in size and can cover the entire fetus within a week. Yellow-white or ash-gray pads appear on the surface, arranged in concentric circles. The pulp becomes loose and tasteless.

Black cancer: signs and treatments

The disease affects the bark of skeletal branches and stem. Numerous small depressed necrotic spots appear on the bark near the lentils.... On thin branches, lentils begin to grow, on thick ones, abundant gum flow appears. The resulting wounds gradually increase in size, and the bark around becomes brown. Reddish spots may appear on leaves and fruits. Several types of fungi can cause similar symptoms, and not only pome crops, but also stone fruits suffer from the disease. With a strong infection, the tree dies.

There are no chemical methods to combat this disease. Therefore, the main focus should be on prevention.

To do this, it is better to remove diseased plants, and if initial stage infestation, trim all damaged branches to healthy wood. The wounds on the trunk must be cleaned up to healthy wood, treated with a solution of copper sulfate and covered with clay with the addition of mullein.

Cytosporosis - the bark bursts and the branches dry out

Cytosporosis is considered a disease of old weakened gardens that are in poor physiological condition and are constantly freezing. Numerous black tubercles appear on annual shoots and the branches die.... Ulcers appear on the thick branches, which constantly grow until they completely cover the entire branch. The bark turns reddish-brown and dries up. Gum flow may be observed.

Chemicals are not used to fight the disease... To avoid cytosporosis, it is necessary to remove the affected branches and trees, which are the main source of infection. When creating gardens, it is necessary to give preference to zoned varieties that will not freeze, and also maintain a high agricultural background.

Bacterial burn - pear leaves turn brown

A bacterial burn is considered one of the most dangerous diseases that infects more than 100 plant species. In infected plants, the flowers turn brown and fall off, the tips of the branches turn black, and the leaves and shoots become covered with watery black spots. The tree quickly takes on the appearance of being scorched by fire.

The bacteria that cause the disease can spread very quickly through the loans of the tree and cause tissue death. The rapid course of the disease cannot be defeated. It is only possible to prevent infection of other plants, so the diseased tree must be removed and burned, and the roots must be uprooted. How to deal with this disease?

If the disease was noticed on early stage it is necessary to cut out the affected branches, and treat the cut site and tools with a solution of iron (0.7%) or copper (1%) vitriol. Spraying plants with antibiotics will be effective:

Streptomycin (50 μg / ml);
Chloramphenicol (50 μg / ml);
Rifampicin (50 mcg / ml);
Gentamicin (50 μg / ml);
Kanamycin (20 μg / ml).

You can also treat plants with Bordeaux mixture and spraying with copper-containing preparations 7-8 times per season.

There are no varieties resistant to this disease but the receptivity is different. The most susceptible varieties are: General Leclair, Triumph Pacgama, Durando, Santa Maria,.

Bacteriosis: Ways to Control Pests

The first signs of the disease appear with the blooming of young leaves.... At the ends of the leaf blades, dark areas appear, gradually spreading to the entire blade and petiole, which later begin to dry and may turn black. The disease affects the vascular system, which is easily visible on the cross section of the branch in the form of black dots or circles.

The degree of damage may vary, but trees of all ages are susceptible to disease. To combat bacteriosis, it is necessary to prune, capturing 30-40 cm of healthy wood, Process the sections with copper sulfate (3%), and also spray with Bordeaux mixture.

Furrowing - a disease of wood

The causative agent of the disease is a virus that is transmitted from tree to tree mechanically, by pruning or grafting. The branches of the affected plants are flattened, and dead areas appear inside... Furrows, necrotic lines and spots are clearly visible. Chlorotic leaves, acquire early autumn color and fall off.

Sooner or later, the plant dies, so it is better to remove such trees and use healthy material when planting.

Septoria, or white spot on the leaves

The disease of abandoned and aging gardens. Small spots of light brown color appear on the leaves, gradually turning gray, but with a dark rim. Such leaves dry out and fall off earlier than usual, and the vitality and productivity of trees decreases. Plants weakened by septoria do not withstand low temperatures and often freeze.

Special treatments for septoria, as a rule, are not carried out because the preventive measures used for scab are effective in preventing white spotting.

Prevention of pear diseases

Avoiding illness is not easy, especially in summer cottages where the pathogen can appear thanks to negligent neighbors or abandoned feral gardens. However, most pear diseases are preventable.

It is necessary to realize that prevention includes a set of agrotechnical measures that are recommended to be carried out regularly. It is worth highlighting the following preventive measures:

Growing healthy planting material;
Tool processing after pruning diseased trees;
Harvesting leaves and carrion;
Deep loosening of the soil under the trees;
Regular lightening of the crown, removal of weak, sick and shriveled branches;
Cleaning and whitewashing of trunks, treatment of frost cracks and injuries;
Early spring and autumn spraying Bordeaux liquid, or other drugs according to the treatment calendar;

Growing pears and getting a decent harvest requires attention and some knowledge. It is necessary not only to properly care for the tree, but also to learn to see the first signs of damage, to distinguish the diseases characteristic of a given culture and to take timely necessary measures... And in order not to encounter at all or to minimize the number of diseases, it is always useful to pay attention to simple methods of prevention.