Interesting chemistry experiments for little ones. Simple experiments

Factrum publishes 8 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions from them.

1. Lava lamp

Looking for: Salt, water, glass vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large clear glass or glass jar.

Experience: Fill a glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. The oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil begins to sink to the bottom along with the salt. When the salt breaks down, it releases the oil particles and they rise to the surface. The food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.

2. Personal rainbow

Looking for: A container filled with water (bath, basin), flashlight, mirror, sheet of white paper.

Experience: Pour water into the container and put a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight to the mirror. The reflected light needs to be caught on the paper, on which the rainbow should appear.

Explanation: A ray of light is composed of several colors; when it passes through the water, it decomposes into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.

3. Volcano

Looking for: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.

Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle made of clay or sand - for the entourage. To cause an eruption, pour two tablespoons of baking soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and at the end pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.

Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles and push the contents out.

4. Grow crystals

Looking for: Salt, water, wire.

Experience: To get crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which salt does not dissolve when a new portion is added. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. For the process to go better, it is desirable that the water is distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Further, a wire with a small loop at the end can be lowered into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place to cool the liquid more slowly. In a few days, beautiful ones will grow on a wire salt crystals... If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.

5. Dancing coin

Looking for: A bottle, a coin that can be used to cover the neck of a bottle, water.

Experience: An empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle that you removed from the freezer. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds like clicks.

Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which in the freezer has shrunk and took up a smaller volume, and now has warmed up and began to expand.

6. Colored milk

Looking for: Whole milk, food colors, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of color. Then you have to take cotton swab, dip in detergent and touch the stick to the very center of the milk bowl. The milk will begin to move and the colors will mix.

Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experience.

7. Fireproof bill

Looking for: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or a lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (½ part alcohol to ½ part water).

Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution so that it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let the excess liquid drain. Set fire to the bill and watch it burn without burning.

Explanation: The combustion of ethyl alcohol produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you light a bill, alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not enough to evaporate the water with which it is saturated paper bill... As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and a slightly wet dozen remains intact.

8. Walk in eggs

Looking for: two dozen eggs in cells, a trash bag, a bucket of water, soap and good friends.

Experience: Place a trash bag on the floor and place two boxes of eggs on top of it. Check eggs in boxes, replace cracked eggs if you see them. Also check that all eggs are oriented in the same direction - or sharp ends up, or blunt. If you place your foot correctly, evenly distributing the weight, then you can stand or walk barefoot over the balls. If you don't want to go extreme from careless movement, you can put a thin board or tile on the tops of the eggs. Then nothing will interfere.

Explanation: Everyone knows that it is easy to break an egg, but the shell of the eggs is very strong and can withstand a lot of weight. The "architecture" of the egg is such that, with uniform pressure, stress is distributed throughout the shell and does not allow it to break.

More than 160 experiments that clearly demonstrate the laws of physics and chemistry have been filmed, edited and posted on the network on the scientific and educational video channel "Simple Science". Many of the experiments are so simple that they can be easily repeated at home - they do not require special reagents and devices. Denis Mokhov, the author and author of chief Editor scientific and educational video channel "Simple Science".

- How did your project start?

– I love different experiences since childhood. As long as I can remember, I collected various ideas for experiments, in books, TV shows, so that later you can repeat them yourself. When I became a father myself (my son Mark is now 10 years old), it was always important for me to keep my son's curiosity and, of course, to be able to answer his questions. After all, like any child, he looks at the world in a completely different way than adults. And at some point, his favorite word was the word "why?" It is from these "why?" home experiments began. After all, to tell is one thing, and to show is quite another. We can say that my child's curiosity was the impetus for the creation of the Simple Science project.

- How old was your son when you started practicing home experiments?

– We have been doing experiments at home from the moment our son went to kindergarten, after about two years. At first, these were very simple experiments with water and balance. For instance, jet pack , paper flowers on water , two forks on a match head ... The son immediately liked these funny "tricks". Moreover, he, like me, is always interested not so much in observing as in repeating them on his own.

– You can do interesting experiments with small children in the bathroom: with boat and liquid soap , a paper boat and a balloon,
tennis ball and water jet ... From birth, a child strives to learn everything new; he will definitely like these spectacular and colorful experiences.

When we are dealing with schoolchildren, even first-graders, here we can already turn around with might and main. At this age, children are interested in relationships, they will observe the experiment more closely, and then look for an explanation of why it happens this way and not otherwise. Here it is just possible to explain the essence of the phenomenon, the reasons for the interactions, even if not entirely in scientific terms. And when on school lessons the child will encounter similar phenomena (including in high school), the teacher's explanations will be clear to him, because he already knows this from childhood, he has personal experience in this region.

Interesting experiments for younger students

** Bag pierced with pencils **

** Egg in a bottle **

Rubber egg

** - Denis, what would you advise parents in terms of the safety of home experiments? ** - I would conditionally divide the experiments into three groups: harmless, experiments requiring accuracy and experiments, and the last ** - ** experiments requiring safety precautions. If you are demonstrating how two forks stand on the tip of a toothpick, then this is the first time. If you are doing an experiment with atmospheric pressure, when a glass of water is covered with a paper sheet and then turned over, then you need to be careful not to spill water on electrical appliances ** - ** do the experiment over the sink. When fire is involved in experiments, save a vessel of water just in case. And if you use any reagents or chemicals (even ordinary vinegar), it is better to go to fresh air or in a well-ventilated room (for example, a balcony) and it is also imperative to wear protective glasses on the child (you can use ski, construction or sun glasses).

** - Where can I get reagents and devices? ** ** - ** At home, it is best to use publicly available reagents and devices for conducting experiments with children under 10 years old. This is what each of us has in the kitchen: soda, salt, egg, forks, glasses, liquid soap... Safety is paramount in our business. Especially if your " young chemist»After successful experiments with you, he will try to repeat the experiments on his own. Only there is no need to prohibit anything, all children are inquisitive, and the prohibition will act as an additional incentive! It is better to explain to the child why some experiments cannot be done without adults, that there are certain rules, somewhere you need an open area for the experiment, somewhere you need latex gloves or glasses. ** - Have there been such cases in your practice when the experiment turned into an emergency? ** ** - ** Well, there was nothing like that at home. But in the editorial office of "Simple Science" incidents often happen. Once, while filming an experiment with acetone and chromium oxide, we did not calculate the proportions a bit, and the experiment almost got out of control.

And recently, while filming for the Science 2.0 channel, we had to make a spectacular experiment, when 2000 table tennis balls fly out of the barrel and fall beautifully on the floor. So, the barrel turned out to be quite fragile and instead of the beautiful flight of the balls, an explosion with a deafening roar turned out. ** - Where do you get ideas for experiments? ** ** - ** We find ideas on the Internet, in popular science books, in the news about some interesting discoveries or unusual occurrences. Main criteria ** - ** entertainment and simplicity. We try to choose those experiments that are easy to repeat at home. True, sometimes we release "delicacies" ** - ** experiments that require unusual devices, special ingredients, but this does not happen very often. Sometimes we consult with professionals from various fields, for example, when we do experiments on superconductivity at low temperatures or in chemical experiments when rare reagents are required. Our viewers (whose number exceeded 3 million this month) also help us in finding ideas, for which we, of course, thank them.

Home experiences for children 4 years old require imagination and knowledge simple laws chemistry and physics. “If these sciences were not very good at school, you will have to make up for lost time,” many parents will think. This is not so, experiments can be very simple, not requiring special knowledge, skills and reagents, but at the same time explaining the fundamental laws of nature.

Experiments for children at home will help on practical example explain the properties of substances and the laws of their interaction, awaken interest in the independent study of the surrounding world. Interesting physical experiments will teach children to be observant, help them think logically, establishing patterns between events that occur and their consequences. Perhaps the kids will not become great chemists, physicists or mathematicians, but they will forever keep in their hearts fond memories of parental attention.

From this article you will learn

Unfamiliar paper

Kids like to make applications out of paper, draw pictures. Some children 4 years old learn the art of origami with their parents. Everyone knows that paper is soft or thick, white or colored. And what is ordinary capable of white list paper if you experiment with it?

Revived paper flower

An asterisk is cut out of a sheet of paper. Its rays bend inward in the form of a flower. Water is collected in a cup and an asterisk is lowered onto the surface of the water. After a while, the paper flower, as if alive, will begin to open. The water will wet the cellulose fibers that make up the paper and straighten them.

Solid bridge

This paper experience will be interesting for children 3 years old. Ask the little ones how to put an apple in the middle of a thin sheet of paper between two glasses so that it does not fall. How do you make a paper bridge strong enough to support the weight of an apple? We fold a sheet of paper with an accordion and put it on the supports. It now supports the weight of an apple. This is explained by the fact that the shape of the structure has changed, which made the paper strong enough. On the property of materials it becomes stronger depending on the form, the designs of many architectural creations, for example, the Eiffel Tower, are based.

Revived snake

Scientific evidence of movement warm air upward can be led by simple experience. A snake is cut out of paper, cutting a circle in a spiral. Bringing a kite back to life is easy. A small hole is made in her head and suspended by a string over a heat source (battery, heater, burning candle). The snake will start spinning rapidly. The reason for this phenomenon is a warm upward flow of air, which unwinds the kite. Similarly, you can make paper birds or butterflies, beautiful and colorful, by hanging them from the ceiling in an apartment. They will rotate from the movement of the air, as if flying.

Who is stronger

This entertaining experiment will help determine which paper shape is more durable. For the experiment, you will need three sheets of office paper, glue and several thin books. A cylindrical column is glued from one sheet of paper, from another - triangular, and from the third - rectangular. They put the "columns" vertically and test them for strength, carefully placing the books on top. As a result of the experiment, it turns out that the triangular column is the weakest, and the cylindrical is the strongest - it will withstand greatest weight... No wonder the columns in temples and buildings are made precisely of a cylindrical shape, the load on them is distributed evenly over the entire area.

Amazing salt

Ordinary salt is today in every home, no cooking is complete without it. You can try to make beautiful children's crafts out of this available product... All you need is salt, water, wire, and a little patience.

Salt has interesting properties... It can attract water to itself, dissolving in it, while increasing the density of the solution. But in a supersaturated solution, the salt turns into crystals again.

To conduct an experiment with wire salt, a beautiful symmetrical snowflake or other figurine is bent. Salt is dissolved in a jar of warm water until it stops dissolving. A bent wire is lowered into a jar and placed in the shade for several days. As a result, the wire will become overgrown with salt crystals, and will look like a beautiful ice snowflake that will not melt.

Water and ice

Water exists in three aggregate states: steam, liquid and ice. The purpose of this experience is to introduce children to the properties of water and ice and compare them.

Water is poured into 4 ice cube trays and placed in the freezer. To make it more interesting, you can tint the water before freezing with different dyes. Poured into a cup cold waterand throw in two ice cubes. Simple ice boats or icebergs will float on the surface of the water. This experience will prove that ice is lighter than water.

While the boats are sailing, sprinkle the remaining ice cubes with salt. See what happens. Across a short time, before the indoor fleet still has time to go to the bottom in the cup (if the water is rather cold), the cubes sprinkled with salt will begin to crumble. This is because the freezing point of salt water is lower than normal.

Fire that does not burn

In ancient times, when Egypt was a powerful country, Moses fled from the wrath of Pharaoh and grazed herds in the wilderness. One day he saw a strange bush that was burning and did not burn. It was a special fire. But can objects that are engulfed in an ordinary flame remain safe and sound? Yes, this is possible, it can be proven through experience.

For the experiment, you need a piece of paper or a banknote. A tablespoon of rubbing alcohol and two tablespoons of water. The paper is moistened with water so that the water is absorbed into it, sprinkled with alcohol on top and set on fire. Fire appears. This is burning alcohol. When the fire goes out, the paper will remain intact. Experimental result the explanation is very simple - the burning temperature of alcohol, as a rule, is not enough to evaporate the moisture with which the paper is impregnated.

Natural indicators

If the kid wants to feel like a real chemist, you can make special paper for him, which will change color depending on the acidity of the environment.

The natural indicator is prepared from red cabbage juice, which contains anthocyanin. This substance changes color depending on which liquid it comes into contact with. In an acidic solution, paper impregnated with anthocyanin will be colored in yellow, turns green in a neutral solution, and blue in an alkaline solution.

To prepare a natural indicator, take filter paper, a head of red cabbage, cheesecloth and scissors. Chop the cabbage thinly and squeeze the juice through cheesecloth, wrinkling with your hands. Saturate a sheet of paper with juice and dry. Then cut the made indicator into strips. The child can dip a piece of paper into four different liquids: milk, juice, tea or soapy water and watch the color of the indicator change.

Friction electrification

In ancient times, people noticed the special ability of amber to attract light objects if rubbed with a woolen cloth. They did not yet have knowledge about electricity, therefore they explained this property by the spirit living in the stone. It is from the Greek name for amber - electron that the word electricity comes from.

Not only amber has such amazing properties. A simple experiment can be done to see how a glass rod or plastic comb attracts small pieces of paper to it. To do this, the glass must be rubbed with silk, and the plastic with wool. They will begin to attract small pieces of paper that will stick to them. After a while, this ability of objects will disappear.

You can discuss with children that this phenomenon is due to electrification by friction. Sparks may be generated if the fabric is rubbed against an object quickly. Lightning in the sky and thunder are also a consequence of the friction of air currents and the appearance of electricity discharges in the atmosphere.

Solutions of different densities - interesting details

Get a colorful rainbow in a glass of liquids different colors you can by preparing the jelly and pouring it layer by layer. But there is an easier way, although not as tasty.

For the experiment, you will need sugar, vegetable oil, ordinary water and dyes. Concentrated sweet syrup is prepared from sugar, and clean water stained with dye. Sugar syrup is poured into the glass, then gently along the wall of the glass so that the liquids do not mix, pour clean water, at the end add vegetable oil. The sugar syrup should be cold and the colored water warm. All liquids will remain in the glass like a small rainbow, without mixing with each other. At the bottom there will be the densest sugar syrup, water at the top, and oil, as the lightest, will be on top of the water.

Color explosion

Another interesting experiment can be done using different density vegetable oil and water, making a color explosion in the jar. For the experiment, you will need a jar of water, several tablespoons of vegetable oil, food colors. In a small container, mix several dry food colors with two tablespoons of vegetable oil. Dry grains of colorants do not dissolve in oil. Now the oil is poured into a jar of water. Heavy grains of dyes will settle to the bottom, gradually being released from the oil, which will remain on the surface of the water, forming colored swirls, like from an explosion.

Home volcano

Geographic knowledge may not be so boring for a four-year-old if you showcase a volcanic eruption on an island. To carry out the experiment, you will need baking soda, vinegar, 50 ml of water and the same amount of detergent.

A small plastic cup or bottle is placed in the volcano's mouth, molded from colored plasticine. But first, they pour into a glass baking soda, pour the water tinted red and detergent. When the makeshift volcano is ready, a little vinegar is poured into its mouth. A violent foaming process begins, due to the fact that soda and vinegar react. From the mouth of the volcano begins to pour out "lava" formed by red foam.

Experiments and experiments for children 4 years old, as you have seen, do not need complex reagents. But they are no less exciting, especially with an interesting story about the reason for what is happening.

A remake of Ghostbusters is coming out very soon, and this is a great excuse to revisit the old film and explore non-Newtonian fluids. One of the heroes of the film, the silly ghost Lizun, - good image for visualization. This is a character who loves to eat very much, and he also knows how to penetrate walls.

We need:

potatoes,
tonic.

What do we do

Very finely (can be chopped in a combine) cut the potatoes and fill hot water... After 10-15 minutes, drain the water through a sieve into a clean bowl and set aside. A sediment will appear at the bottom - starch. Drain the water, the starch will remain in the bowl. Basically, you already have a non-Newtonian fluid. You can play with it and watch how it hardens under your hands, and itself becomes liquid. You can also add food coloring for a bright color.

Trevor Cox / Flickr.com

Now let's add some magic.

The starch must be dried (left for a couple of days). And then add tonic to it and make a kind of dough that is easy to take in hand. In the palms, it will retain its consistency, and if you stop and stop kneading it, it will start to spread.

If you include ultraviolet lamp, then you and your child will see how the dough starts to glow. This is due to the quinine in the tonic. It looks magical: a radiant substance that behaves as if it violates all the laws of physics.

2. Get superpowers

Comic book characters are especially popular now, so your child will love to feel like a powerful Magneto who knows how to manipulate metals.

We need:

toner for the printer,
magnet,
vegetable oil.

What do we do

From the very beginning, get ready for the fact that after this experiment you will need a lot of napkins or rags - it will be quite dirty.

Pour about 50 ml of toner into a small container. laser printers... Add two tablespoons of vegetable oil and mix very well. Done - you have a liquid in your hands that will react to a magnet.

Jerald San Hose / Flickr.com

You can attach a magnet to a container and watch how the liquid literally sticks to the wall, forming a funny "hedgehog". It will be even more interesting if you find a board on which it is not a pity to pour a little black mixture, and invite your child to use a magnet to control the drop of toner.

3. Turn milk into a cow

Encourage the child to solidify the liquid without freezing it. This is a very simple and impressive experience, although it will take a couple of days to get the result. But what an effect!

We need:

glass,
vinegar.

What do we do

We heat a glass of milk in microwave oven or on the stove. Do not boil. Then you need to add a tablespoon of vinegar to it. And now we begin to interfere. We actively move the spoon in the glass to see how the white clots appear. This is casein, a protein found in milk.

When there are many clots, drain the mixture through a sieve. Everything that remains in the colander must be shaken, and then put on a paper towel and dry a little. Then start kneading the material with your hands. It will look like dough or clay. At this stage, you can add food coloring or glitter to make the white mass brighter and more interesting for the baby.

Invite your child to mold something from this material - a figurine of an animal (for example, a cow) or some other object. But you can just put the mass in a plastic mold. Leave to dry for a day or two.

When the mass is dry, you will have a figurine made of a very hard hypoallergenic material. This "homemade plastic" was used until the 1930s. Casein was used to make jewelry, accessories, buttons.

4. Control the snakes

Getting the vinegar and baking soda reaction is one of the most boring experiences imaginable. "Volcanoes" and "pops" will not be of interest to modern children. But you can offer the child to become a "lord of snakes" and show how the acid and alkali still react.

We need:

packaging of jelly worms,
soda,
vinegar.

What do we do

We take two large transparent glasses. Pour water into one and add soda. We mix. We open the package of jelly worms. It is better to cut each of them lengthwise, to make it thinner. Then the experience will be more spectacular.

Thin worms should be placed in a mixture of water and soda and mixed. Set aside for 5 minutes.

Pour vinegar into another glass. And now we add to this vessel the worms that have been in a glass of soda. Because of the soda, bubbles will be visible on their surface. So the reaction is underway. The more worms you add to the glass, the more gas will be released. And after a while the bubbles will lift the worms to the surface. Add more soda - the reaction will be more active and the worms themselves will begin to crawl out of the glass. Cool!

5. Make a hologram like in "Star Wars"

Of course, it is difficult to create a real hologram at home. But its semblance is quite real and not even very difficult. You will learn how to use the properties of light and turn 2D images into 3D images.

We need:

smartphone,
cD box,
stationery knife,
scotch,
paper,
pencil.

What do we do

You need to draw a trapezoid on paper. The drawing can be seen in the photo: the length of the lower side of the trapezoid is 6 cm, the upper side is 1 cm.

BoredPanda.com

Carefully cut the trapezoid out of the paper and take out the CD case. We need a transparent part of it. Attach the pattern to the plastic and use a clerical knife to cut a trapezoid out of the plastic. Repeat three more times - we need four identical transparent elements.

Now they need to be glued together with adhesive tape so that it looks like a funnel or a truncated pyramid.

Take your smartphone and run one of the such videos ... Place the plastic pyramid, narrow side down, in the center of the screen. Inside you will see a "hologram".

Giphy.com

You can play a video with characters from " Star Wars"And, for example, recreate famous recording of Princess Leia or admire own miniature BB-8.

6. Get out of the water dry

Every child can build a sand castle on the seashore. How about lining it up under water? Along the way, you can learn the concept of "hydrophobic".

We need:

colored sand for aquariums (you can take ordinary sand, but you need to rinse and dry it),
hydrophobic shoe spray.

What do we do

Gently pour the sand onto a large plate or baking sheet. Apply a hydrophobic spray to it. We do this very carefully: spray, mix, repeat several times. The task is simple - to make sure that every grain of sand is enveloped in a protective layer.

University of Exeter / Flickr.com

When the sand is dry, collect it in a bottle or bag. Get a large container for water (such as a wide-necked jar or aquarium). Show your child how hydrophobic sand works. If you pour it in a thin stream into water, it will sink to the bottom, but remain dry. This is easy to check: have the baby take some sand from the bottom of the container. As soon as the sand rises from the water, it will crumble in the palm of your hand.

7. Keeping information classified is better than James Bond

Writing secret messages with lemon juice - last century... There is another way to get invisible ink, which also allows you to learn a little more about the reaction of iodine and starch.

We need:

paper,
brush.

What do we do

First, cook the rice. The porridge can be eaten later, but we need a decoction - there is a lot of starch in it. Dip a brush into it and write a secret message on paper, such as "I know who ate all the cookies yesterday." Wait for the paper to dry. The starchy letters will be invisible. To decipher the message, you need to moisten another brush or cotton swab in a solution of iodine and water and run it over what was written. because of chemical reaction blue letters will begin to appear on the paper. Voila!

Introduction

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experience.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher 1724-1804)

Physics experiments in an entertaining way introduce students to the various applications of the laws of physics. Experiments can be used in the classroom to draw the attention of students to the phenomenon being studied, while repeating and consolidating educational material, at physical evenings. Entertaining experiences deepen and expand students' knowledge, contribute to the development of logical thinking, instill interest in the subject.

This work describes 10 entertaining experiments, 5 demonstration experiments using school equipment. The authors of the works are students of the 10th grade of the secondary school of secondary school No. 1, Zabaikalsk, Zabaikalsky Territory - Chuguevsky Artyom, Lavrentiev Arkady, Chipizubov Dmitry. The guys independently performed these experiments, summarized the results and presented them in the form of this work

The role of experiment in science physics

That physics is a young science
To say definitely, you can't
And in ancient times, knowing science,
We always tried to comprehend it.

The goal of teaching physics is specific,
To be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it's important to remember - the role of experiment
Should stand in the first place.

Be able to plan and execute an experiment.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Strive to reach new heights

The laws of physics are based on empirically established facts. Moreover, often the interpretation of the same facts changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts are accumulated by observation. But at the same time, one cannot be limited only to them. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow for qualitative characteristics. To make from observations general conclusions, to find out the causes of the phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between the quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law is found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to set an experiment in each individual case, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. Having studied experimentally the quantitative relationships between quantities, one can identify patterns. On the basis of these laws, a general theory of phenomena is being developed.

Therefore, there can be no rational teaching of physics without experiment. The study of physics presupposes the widespread use of experiment, discussion of the features of its setting and the observed results.

Amusing experiments in physics

The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:

Experience name
Devices and materials required for experience
Stages of the experiment
Explaining experience

Experience No. 1 Four floors

Appliances and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.

Stages of the experiment

Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand five stories above the other. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass expanding towards the top.

Pour salted tinted water onto the bottom of the glass.
Roll "Funtik" out of paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off the tip. The hole in the Funtik should be about the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this horn; a thin trickle should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and drain onto the salt water.
When the height of the red wine layer is equal to the height of the colored water layer, stop pouring the wine.
Pour the sunflower oil from the second horn in the same way into the glass.
Pour a layer of colored alcohol from the third horn.

Picture 1

So we got four floors of liquids in one glass. All different colors and different density.

Explaining experience

The liquids in the grocery are arranged in the following order: tinted water, red wine, sunflower oil, tinted alcohol. The heaviest are at the bottom, the lightest are at the top. The highest density is in salt water, the smallest in tinted alcohol.

Experience # 2 Amazing candlestick

Appliances and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.

Stages of the experiment

Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? This candlestick isn't bad at all.

Figure 2

Weight the end of the candle with a nail.
Calculate the size of the nail so that the candle is completely immersed in water, only the wick and the very tip of the paraffin should protrude above the water.
Light the fuse.

Explaining experience

Let them tell you, because in a minute the candle will burn out to the water and go out!

The fact of the matter, you will answer, is that the candle is shorter by the minute. And if it is shorter, then it is easier. If it's easier, then it will pop up.

And, it is true, the candle will float up a little, and the water-cooled paraffin at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel forms around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, makes the candle lighter, which is why our candle will burn out to the end.

Experience No. 3 Candle by bottle

Appliances and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

Place a lighted candle behind the bottle, and stand yourself so that your face is 20-30 cm from the bottle.
As soon as you blow, the candle will go out, as if there is no barrier between you and the candle.

Figure 3

Explaining experience

The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” by the air: the air stream is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they are found approximately where there is a candle flame.

Experiment No. 4 Swirling snake

Appliances and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral from thick paper, stretch it slightly and place it on the end of a curved wire.
By holding this spiral above the candle in an upward flow of air, the snake will rotate.

Explaining experience

The snake rotates because the air expands under the influence of heat and about the transformation warm energy in motion.

Figure 4

Experience No. 5 The eruption of Vesuvius

Devices and materials: glass vessel, bottle, stopper, alcohol ink, water.

Stages of the experiment

Put a bottle of alcohol mascara in a wide glass vessel filled with water.
There should be a small hole in the bubble stopper.

Figure 5

Explaining experience

Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the bubble, displacing mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise up from the bubble in a thin stream.

Experience number 6 Fifteen matches on one

Apparatus and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Put one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick out upward and the ends touch the table.
How to pick up the first match, holding it by one end, and with it all the other matches?

Explaining experience

To do this, you just need to put another, fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them

Figure 6

Experiment no. 7 Cooking pot

Appliances and materials: plate, 3 forks, napkin ring, saucepan.

Stages of the experiment

Place three forks in the ring.
Put a plate on this structure.
Place a pot of water on a stand.

Figure 7

Figure 8

Explaining experience

This experience is explained by the rule of leverage and stable balance.

Figure 9

Experience number 8 Paraffin motor

Appliances and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we do not need electricity or gasoline. For this we only need ... a candle.

Heat a knitting needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.
Place the candle on the edges of two glasses with a knitting needle and balance.
Light a candle at both ends.

Explaining experience

A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be violated, the other end of the candle will drag and drop; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will go down, drop a drop, become lighter, and our motor will start to work with might and main; gradually the fluctuations of the candle will increase more and more.

Figure 10

Experience number 9 Free exchange of fluids

Appliances and materials: orange, glass, red wine or milk, water, 2 toothpicks.

Stages of the experiment

Carefully cut the orange in half, peel so that the skin peels off a whole cup.
Poke two holes nearby in the bottom of this cup and put it in the glass. The diameter of the cup should be slightly larger than the diameter of the central part of the glass, then the cup will hold onto the walls without falling to the bottom.
Dip the orange cup into the vessel one third of its height.
Pour red wine or tinted alcohol into the orange peel. It will go through the hole until the wine level reaches the bottom of the cup.
Then pour water almost to the brim. You can see how the stream of wine rises through one of the holes to the water level, while the heavier water will pass through the other hole and begin to sink to the bottom of the glass. In a few moments, the wine will be at the top and the water will be below.

Experience number 10 Singing glass

Apparatus and materials: a thin glass, water.

Stages of the experiment

Fill the glass with water and wipe the edges of the glass.
Rub the glasses with a moistened finger anywhere, she will sing.

Figure 11

Demonstration experiments

1. Diffusion of liquids and gases

Diffusion (from Lat. Diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, due to the chaotic thermal movement of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids

Demonstration experiment "Observation of diffusion"

Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, installation for observing diffusion.

Experiment steps

Take two pieces of cotton wool.
Soak one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia.
Let's bring the branches into contact.
There is a pink staining of fleeces due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

The diffusion phenomenon can be observed using a special installation

Pour ammonia into one of the cones.
Soak a piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein and put it in a cone on top.
After a while, we observe the coloring of the fleece. This experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of diffusion at a distance.

Figure 15

Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the diffusion proceeds.

Figure 16

To demonstrate this experience, we will take two identical glasses. Pour cold water into one glass, hot water into the other. Add to glasses copper sulfate, we observe that copper sulfate dissolves faster in hot water, which proves the dependence of diffusion on temperature.

Figure 17

Figure 18

2. Communicating vessels

To demonstrate communicating vessels, let us take a series of vessels of various shapes, connected at the bottom by tubes.

Figure 19

Figure 20

We will pour liquid into one of them: we will immediately find that the liquid will flow through the tubes into the other vessels and will settle in all vessels at the same level.

The explanation for this experience is as follows. The pressure on the free surfaces of the liquid in the vessels is the same; it is equal atmospheric pressure... Thus, all free surfaces belong to the same level surface and, therefore, must be in the same horizontal plane of the plane, the upper edge of the vessel itself: otherwise the kettle cannot be poured to the top.

Figure 21

3 Pascal's ball

Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure produced on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of liquid behind the piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

To demonstrate the uniform transmission of the pressure produced on the liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary, using a piston, to draw water into the vessel and tightly put a ball on the branch pipe. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the outflow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform outflow of liquid in all directions.