Drawing of constructional food. What to put there is a lot. Personal experience

Good time in day to you, dear researchers in the world of the household economy! Today I would like to discuss with you one important question. Tell me where in the country you store work tools and a varied garden inventory? Just please honestly. If you have a garage at the cottage - this is an unconditional plus. Hammers with a saw, as well as sprayer and a set of secateurs can be accommodated on one of the numerous sheins.

Those who have no car or at a thin end of at least a bicycle, it is necessary. A shovel and rake can be hidden in the far corner of the dacha lodge. Or place the entire arsenal of the necessary garden assistants in a close shed, between a portable brazier and shelves for household clothes. Of course, in such a chaos it's hard to find need subject From the first attempt. But it is compact, - dackets will be built. And just - you don't need to invent anything.

Why do you need food at the cottage?

Agree, on the ideal summer cottage with flowering flower beds, beating from under the ground, a fountain, paved natural stone tracks, chopped Bath of the Old Saratik for inventory will look somewhat comic. Especially in the neighborhood with a solid cottage or a neat brick house. We are struggling to ensure that the plot reigned full order and harmony. Therefore, today I propose to talk about how to build households yourself at the cottage.

Food, or utility room, is a small house for storing various gardening utensils. And everything else, what is there no place in the house - children's toys, lounge chairs, clamshell, replaceable clothes and shoes for dacha work. And the lawn mower, rods, folding table For worships by the fire ... yes, you never know anything every way we use in the country to work and rest! That's all these items and can be stored in the hotel, so as not to clutter your own living space in the house.

Some craftsmen fit the household building under the mini garage, as well as in the cold period, they install a rabbit or a poultry in it, there are hives to winter. Briefly speaking, this uncomplicated structure has many options for functional use, it all depends on the specific needs of each individual owner. No matter what activity you unfold on your site, the dacha is your reliable assistant.

Variations of the designs of cabins for giving

In principle, as in any question, there are two ways to build households. Buy an already ready industrial version or to do a hand-made and build a building yourself. To begin with, consider what kinds of country households offer us the industry.

1. Shield

The easiest, "budget" option. As a rule, disposable. Pretty presentable appearance is deceptive, because due to the lack of special ribs of stiffness, the building can be deformed and to work out at all as a card house.

The fact is that the shield technology involves the construction of a frame of a thin wooden bar, and the outer sheaving of the clapboard. The inner decoration is trimmed with a chipboard, and the roof is a small density iron sheets. As a rule, the shield household does not withstand the gusts of wind and frosts, it is better to use this option in summer - for example, for cooking or as an economic block.

2. Frame

This is already a more reliable, but financially costly option. Advantages - the use of a wooden bar persistent with deformations, external appeal. Disadvantages - the use of minvati for insulation dries air inside the house. Also, due to the dense layer of vaporizolation, the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe hotel is reduced.

3. Brusova

Suite luxury offer. It differs from its relatives high price. But this is quite explained, because massive logs are used for the construction.

The timing is a capital structure, designed not for one year of operation. It makes sense to spend on its construction to solve several country problems for a long time. In addition to the storage function of the inventory, such a nice wooden house can perform the role of a bath. Only in this case, all internal communications should be worked out in advance (for example, on partitions, installation of a furnace or water heater).

4. Container

A fully acceptable kind of country household, which can organically fit into any style of plot. The frame is made of metal channel, and the side walls - from the panels modern material With the title to the English Manner Sandwich. The advantages of the container model are reliability, durability, the ability to maintain heat inside.

>Dilemma: make it yourself or buy ready

Deciding that the household for giving you certainly need, you will come across the problem of choice. How best to do - to do construction yourself or save strength and time, buying a ready-made product? Here is really a dilemma.

Here, as they say, everything is in your hands. We have construction experience, possess the necessary skills, like marstery - will certainly try! If you do not distinguish the screwdriver from the electrolovka or appear at the expense of times a week, it is better not to risk. Deciding to purchase a ready-made structure, do not forget about the price for transportation costs.

Also, consider whether there is an entrance for truck cars to your site. And when buying a lot for the cottage, do not forget to rate the degree of wear. Pre-examine the price policy for new buildings, and based on these data, judge whether to invest in the purchase. Maybe it makes sense to spend a little time and build household yourself?

Planning the building

Despite the fact that the household is a secondary, utility room, should not be treated with frivolous. Without drawing here can not do. With it, you can estimate how the building will fit into the landscape of the entire site, and also calculate how many materials are necessary for work.

Based on specific needs, you can easily determine which dimensions it is necessary to build a structure. Whether it is just a small house without windows for the storage of cottage inventory, or the structure with the prospect of retraining into the rank of summer kitchen.

Or maybe you need a good dachalock with a toilet and shower - a kind of complex combining comfort and functionality?

How to choose a place

Choosing a place to start construction, you should think about some nuances.

First, the time of operation and possible transport to another place. I will explain. For example, you decided to build a light house on the season for the season or two, and subsequently plan to transport it, for example, to the village to the parents. If in your plans to move, then place it is closer to the entrance to the site.

Secondly, think over the options of operation. Household construction designed exclusively for storing tools, it is convenient to post approximately in the middle on the long side of the phasenda so that from any corner it was possible to reach it without obstacles. In the case when there is a prospect of redevelopment of cabins at the cottage to the bath, boldly "sliding" it into the background. In the distinctional corner of the site, the household dacha will be in its place in terms of fire safety.

Layout Foundation

The basis of any construction site is a foundation laying. If your hotel is a temporary construction, remove the top layer of fertile soil, see the land, geotextile bed. Then pour the sand layer, again compact and install over the slag blocks in a symmetrical order, as shown in the photo.

If your structure claims over and will be stationary, pay more attention to the foundation. It must be put out of the brick, 10 cm under the ground and at least 20 cm above its surface. In the center of the foundation it is necessary to drive the iron fittings high less meterand all columns isolate bituminous mastic.

On the slag blocks wrapped in front of the rubberoid, the framework of cabins for giving.

First have wooden bars around the perimeter of the future building and necessarily centered to strengthen the design.

And then you need to connect the opposite sides, laying lags by slag blocks.

For the framework of the cabinet, the bars of 1.5x1 m in size will be suitable. Of these, you need to mount the floor and angular support racks.

So that the lags are connected securely, it is necessary to use reinforcement circuits. They are bruised. For fixation, use iron corners and screws.

Frame of cabins for giving need to be built as carefully as possible. After all, the reliability and durability of the structure depends on this.

Vertical racks on the facade and the back should be of different heights. Approximately half the meter is the optimal difference. The roof must be attached to the precipitate to be delayed and did not spoil the structure.

The rafters are placed at equal intervals. It will be enough to return 50-60 cm. Be sure to follow the strength of fixtures on the beams of roofing overlap.

Note that wooden roof Cames must act as the perimeter of the whole structure. This will give the opportunity to make a visor on the facade, and on the back side - the foundation for drainage.

Reliable roof coating can be Ondulin. Its stacking is made extremely simply - the pendant in the bottom upward direction. Under Ondulin, you need to put cladding from the boards. You can choose not thick bars, because this material weighs not much.

In the design of the roof, do not forget about insulation and vaporizolation. Very often the roof of the cabin is covered by slate sheets. This is quite reliable and very popular building material.

Finishing work

After the roof is ready, you can install windows and doors.

The boards must be treated with a special antiseptic tool that protects the tree from pests and extends the service life of the floor. On top of the boards steal film, attaching it building stapler.

Then the layer of waterproofing is placed - Minvata.

From above - another layer of film.

Boards for it must be clean and dry. Since the floor will open with a varnish or paint.

The external covering of cabins occurs according to a similar principle. The walls are tightened with a film for isolation from the cold.

So that the country's household looked as presented, the masters advise the use of such practical material as a block house. This is a planed board in the form of a polished bar segments. Looks very beautiful, perfectly suitable for the capital household premises.

The final stage is internal finishing work. Do not do without electrical wiring, you can get inside the water pipe and set the sewer. Ventilation and heating - for those who want to add as much comfort as possible.

After completing the repairs, you decide how to further use cabins. Will it be just a shopping warehouse or a cozy house.

Photo Selection

Video - Frame household appliances with their own hands

Starting the construction of the facility, most companies are primarily thinking about to store inventory and place people for comfortable temporary residence. Motovka is a real solution to these problems.

What is a lot of food and its purpose

Moodovka is a small on dimensions, inexpensive and comfortable structure that is easily transported or moved. It can be manufactured from different types of building materials. The main purpose of the hotel is to keep the inventory and accommodation in it building brigades. In addition, it can be equipped as a production or office temporary design.

Metal cabins with one room are designed to accommodate building brigades and storage of various inventory

Types of modern lotovok

Depending on the material used, the following types are used:

Depending on the purpose, the household can be used for the device:

Vagon houses. A similar type of mobile design is completed in winter by the seasons, and in the summer - wheels. This car house is intended for people working as a watched method, or shooting groups. In addition, it can be used as an office, premises for drying overalls or rest.
The movable car-house on wheels can be attached to the tractor and towed the required place.
Warehouse. This design is made mainly of container blocks that are equipped with strong lattices on windows and iron doors. The internal equipment of the warehouse-former is plastic panels or fireproof organitis.
Inside, the warehouse is placed racks for convenient storage Product
Dining room. Inside the household dining room required amount Places for feeding food. In addition, it has not only a dining area, but also a kitchen in which various appliances And even the water supply system. Sometimes the bathrooms, air conditioners and washbasins are installed in the dining-dining room. Such metal structures are often refined under country cafes.
The dining room can be used for the organization of food on construction sites
Office. Office Cellite is a small container made of metal. It can be part of the multicline structure of the necessary dimensions. When installing such blocks, one-on-one offices are formed in several floors, which are reminded by comfortably concrete and brick buildings. Office forms are equipped with everything necessary for comfortable work: electricity, heating, hoods, bathrooms and other techniques.
Stationary office households are installed on construction and trading platforms, parking lots and other open territories
Premises for accommodation. Residential cells are made of metal or wood and equipped with electricity, heating devices and bathroom. They are intended for long stays because they have not only durable window and door loans, but also comfortable and comfortable internal rooms. If necessary, the domestic for living can be made of several separate modules.
In specially decorated cabins, people can live for a long time
Sanitary Domestovka used for medical purposes has changing rooms, bathrooms, showers and other premises. This design is heated, has water supply, as well as window and doors. However, not all types of materials for interior decoration can be used in sanitary and hygienic standards. Typically, the finish is made of wooden lining or organic, which is impregnated with a special substance.

Preparation for construction

According to technological processes, it is not very difficult for technological processes, since there is no need for special training, in the use of rare and expensive tools, as well as in extensive knowledge in the field of construction. But it is not necessary to hope that all stages of construction of the construction of the former will go smoothly and without problems, especially for beginner masters.

Drawings of standard framework food projects

The most convenient in dimensions is the domestic size of 3 x 6 meters, since it is universal by weight, area, as well as the availability of construction materials suitable size and price. However, for each individual case, its planning is based on the standard framework scheme with the addition of the necessary partitions and openings. If the design is temporary or you need to divide the room on certain zones (kitchen, bathroom, warehouse, and so on), then the inner partitions should be indicated in the drawing.

The traditional configuration of the 3 x 6 meters design configuration involves the presence of the following premises: a central room of 4.5 x 3 meters with amenities and heating, a corridor, which prevents cold air, bathroom and storage room with 1.5 x 1.5 meters. The roof is made from the professional flooring regardless of the model of the hotel.

Photo Gallery: Different Planning Logs

Selection of material for frame and base foundation

On the modern market You can find a huge number of building materials for the construction of cabins: panels, plastic, metal, plates of wood and so on. Therefore, when choosing them, it is worth considering the technical properties and configuration of the structure.

The main part of the hotel is a framework. For its facilities, you can use:

A metal profile that is connected by welding. This profile is durable and resistant to different mechanical damage. Metal frames are used with frequent move.
Welded metal frame has sufficient strength for multiple transportation of consumption
Wooden timber. This is the most cheap option execution. In such a design, the optimal temperature is always supported at any time of the year. The tree is durable and quite reliably, but it is subject to destruction due to the appearance of bugs, as well as fungi and moisture. When using wooden parts in the construction of cabins, process them with antiseptic substances that will make the design more durable and very reliable.
Wooden skeleton frame is usually insulated with one or two layers of mineral wool, which is protected by waterproofing film
Steel corners. It must be borne in mind that the corners should be covered with powder high-quality paints, since it is them that increases the stability of the former, and also protect it from rust.
Metal parts of the framework of cabins must be painted powder enamel

The foundation of cabins is better to perform from brick columns, slag blocks or from concrete blocks. Under heavy metal frames made by cast foundation from concrete.

For the external cladding of cabins, it is better to choose galvanized sheets of steel. They are quite durable, but to apply them very convenient. You can also use wooden lining.

Foods from wood plates are much smaller than wooden structures, but they can highlight various chemicals that provide negative influence on human health. You should not chase cheap materials for construction and subsequent cladding, as you risks you to spend your money. Selecting the building material for the construction of the household, proceed primarily from its individual preferences, the norms of durability, practicality, convenience of construction and its reliability.

Material Calculation and Required Tools

Holding the cost of wooden cabins 6x3 meters, you must take into account the cost of materials, as well as how much will be shipped. To build a temporary design of the above dimensions, you need to purchase the following materials:

geotextile - 30 m 2;
anchors - 9 pcs.;
sand - from 3 to 6 cubes;
ceramizite - up to 3 cubes;
material for pillars or ready-made foundation blocks;
insulation - 8 m 3 or plates - 81 m 2;
bar 150x100 mm - 18 pounds. m or 0.27 cube;
bar 100x100 mm - 47 pog. m or 0.47 cube;
lining - 22 pog. m;
cutting board 40x150 mm - 0.72 cube;
plumbing board 30x150 mm - 0.54 cube;
OSP - 63 m 2;
40x100 mm board - 40 m or 0.16 cube;
bar 50x100 mm - 95 meters or 0.47 cube;
cutting wheel 50x500 - 50 m or 0.125 cube;
polyethylene - 81 m 2;
membrane waterproofing - 81 m 2;
professional flooring - 21 m 2;
metal corners for fasteners;
self-tapping screws - 180 pcs.;
self-tapping screws 70 or 80 mm - if necessary;
150 mm nails;
windows, as well as internal and exterior doors - in accordance with the drawing.

Additional materials:

various types of partitions;
decorative finish;
technical and engineering systems.

The final calculation of the building materials should be made only according to the drawing.

Tools for work You will need the following:

Planning of Mostovki.

Traditional layouts of cabins today there are quite a lot. They differ among themselves the location of the windows, the configuration of rooms and other characteristics. However, such types of planning are highlighted:

Construction of 2 rooms. One is the workplace, the other is an entrance hall. In stock There is a door that is opposite the hallway, and one window.
Construction of 3 rooms. The peculiarity of such a lot is the division of two halls of the hallway. Each room is located one window. Such cabins are called dispensers.
Calcule from the room and the hallway. At the same time, the hallway will be greater than the room. Length of the hallway is equal to the width of the whole design.
The easiest option is one-room forms with one window.
Calcule without windows.

There are other planning of cabins. They are characterized by area of \u200b\u200bpremises, location of windows and doors. However, traditionally, there are no more than 3 rooms in such structures, since the total area of \u200b\u200bcabins is strongly limited.

Step-by-step instructions for the manufacture of cabins

In order to build a lot, it is necessary to carry out the following types of work:

Preparation of the site. Place the cabinet is necessary on the horizontal surface. The soil must be firmly, otherwise not to avoid heavy earthworks.
To accommodate the hotel, it is necessary to prepare a flat platform for which the drainage rainfall will be laid
Preliminary work for the foundation under the foundation. All over the perimeter of the design, a soil is 0.3 meters with a protrusion of 50 cm for its border. The resulting trench is covered with a layer of sand (about 15-20 cm) and thoroughly tamper. To increase the service life of cabins, the sand is laid on geotextiles.
To protect the foundation base from groundwater, it will fall asleep with a layer of sand and thoroughly tamper
Installation of the foundation. We put the pillars strictly for construction cords at a depth of at least 30 cm. For a 3x6 meter design, you will need to purchase 15 pillars that are set in a certain order at a distance of 1.5 meters from each other.
Wood cutting through the agreed drawing. Prepared wooden elements processed by hydrophobic substances or antiseptic. Fireproof treatment of wooden parts will not protect your design from open fire, but it may well prevent fire from accidentally abandoned cigarettes.
Wooden timing is poured according to the specification and processed by antiseptic
Assembling the bottom crown of the frame. Before making a crown, a double layer of rubberoid is placed on the poles. The installation of a bar is made by a wide side down according to the designed design drawing. Next, the bars need to be aligned and thoroughly consolidate them to the columns by anchors. The base of the former will consist of two transverse and three longitudinal columns (150x100 mm).
The lower cutting of the frame is laid on foundation pillars through a double layer of waterproofing
Laying gender lag. We take the bar 50x100 mm and install it down the edge with a certain step on the longitudinal bars of the crown. At the same time we insert the timber in 30 mm slits located in the lower construction design. The step between lags should be 60 cm.
Sex logges fit in 60 cm increments
Sandor device. The intervals between the columns can be filled, for example, by construction garbage. The subfield falls asleep by clay. Such an action will be warmed by the household and will extend its life.
Installation of angular vertical racks. They are made from a bar 100x100 mm. You must set the rack strictly vertically on the plumb to complete their full installation.
Vertical racks are exhibited on a plumb and are temporarily fixed with pits until they are connected to the upper blockage.
Installing the upper strapping. For side and rear beams, we use the 100x100 mm timber than the Bar, which is installed at the level of the rear bars in the same plane. Above install the front beam.
The front side of the frame is made above the rear to provide the necessary bias of the roof
Installing additional vertical racks. Use for them thick bar 50x100 mm. Each door or window can need two racks. In addition, it is necessary to install bars on the walls with a half-meter step.
Installation of rafters. According to the drawing, we install rafters on the frontal and upper beam, which is rear. We use a 100x40 mm board to work.
The rafters are stacked on the beams of the upper strapping and form the frame of the future roof
Installation of the root. According to the drawing, we produce the fastening of the material of the drying on the rafter. This part of the work must be done before the wall covering will be produced and the floor is laid.
The bog binds the design of the rafter lag and serves as the basis for roofing material
Rough floor. The most suitable option is a 150x30 mm disc board, which is done in solid flooring. The installation of the draft floor is made along the bottom end of the genital lag.
Black floor boards are nailed from the bottom of the genital lag
Floor insulation. On the draft floor we install the waterproofing membrane. Between the lags on the membrane lay the insulation. You can apply mineral wool or foamed polystyrene foam. We cover the lags and the insulation of a solid polyethylene membrane.
Between the insulation and waterproofing film, it is necessary to leave the ventilation gap to remove moisture
Floor flooring and the exterior decoration of cabins. Paul filament from the cutting board of 150x40 mm. Framework struck with the outer side with a steamproof film, then a facing material - plywood shields, clapboard or edged board.
The finishing material is stuffed on a layer of a steamproof membrane
Installation of doors and windows. You can use both wooden and metal-plastic structures.
Installing the necessary engineering systems and insulation frame from the inside. The insulation is laid in between the frame racks. The width of the material should be slightly larger than the size of the landing space for it so that the insulation can go into cells with a small tension. Similarly, we do with the surface of the ceiling. The ceiling and walls inside are wearing with clay or any sheet material.
The insulation material will be laid in the cooked frame with a small force and keeps there without additional attachment.
Installation of partitions. Bar 50x50 mm fix to three bases: walls, ceiling, as well as floor. We are wearing partitions with sheet material.
Decorative finishing works. You can cover the floor with linoleum, and the walls are painted or process any other material.

Videos: Summer house-householder do it yourself

Interior decoration of Motovka

Mobile temporary construction performs a variety of functions. And this is achieved thanks to the interior decoration. It is she who makes a lot of suitable for temporary or permanent residence of people. At the moment, the following types of materials for decoration of the structure are mainly applied:

LDSP is an attractive material having a laminated dense surface, which is resistant to negative temperatures. In addition, the laminated stove has different colors, texture and texture. Calculations made from LDSP are practical and quite durable, but more expensive.
LDSP is one of the best materials for the interior of the cabinet
MDF - material has an average density. It differs from the traditional Fiberboard durability, as well as high reliability. However, MDF is an expensive material having a different color palette and finishing. It is used mainly to finish households for temporary housing or office.
PVC is the most attractive material for cabins. Mostly use PVC in a white color palette. The material also has high resistance to humidity and water.
Lining - made from a natural tree, so it is attractive enough and easy to use. The lining can have a different configuration of the front panel and is used both for the inner and the outer decoration of the forms.
The lining for interior decorations is most often used if necessary to build households with a beautiful and inexpensive interior.
Fiberboard is the most affordable building material. It is easy to use it, it is durable and very durable, but has a rather unpretentious appearance. This material is suitable for service seafood and warehouses.

Photo Gallery: Registration of the interior of cabins

Video: Construction of household, Part 2 - Interior decoration

Building households at the moment - this is the most inexpensive and comfortable view temporary housing and placement of any necessary equipment. Due to the elementary design, ease of movement and adaptability to all sorts of weather conditions, they can be used at any time of the year without restrictions.

Metal domestics today is a practical need for most country sites. In addition, such a structure serves as an indispensable place for the location of various premises at the construction site. In addition, there is easy to make food yourself, as it consists of blocks that, in turn, are made of frame, and metal plates. Of course, such a building will be difficult to use for long stay In it, but it is an indispensable option for giving.

Project of modern metal cabins with windows and air conditioning

Such a trailer can often be found on construction sites. Considering the fact that most construction work can last much longer than one year, small building For workers, temporarily can replace both housing.

In such cases, metal household can have the necessary minimum amenities that will allow a little rest after a hard working day or will even provide the opportunity to take a hot shower. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the need for such a structure on the plot, where it is clearly not enough area for certain needs. That is why there are many projects for which you can independently assemble and install such a design.

An independent manufacture of metal from metal is a sufficiently simple case, but at the same time it must be taken with due seriousness.

Layout of homemade metal from metal

To do this, adhere to the basic rules in the construction of such premises and use the material and tools that are listed below.

If you comply with all the conditions, you can be sure that the built building from metal blocks will serve you for many decades. And its high functionality and utility will pay off all costs for the periods of operation. In order to make a high-quality consideration from containers and blocks with your own hands, you will need the following tools:

Before starting work, make sure that there is all the necessary material, as this will significantly speed up the manufacturing and assembly process, and will also help avoid unexpected difficulties in construction.

Materials needed for the manufacture of metal cabins

Conducting the construction of metal cabins with their own hands

To carry out all the preparatory and construction work, you will need a little time, from several days to two weeks. Terms are usually dependent on the number of workers and their experience in construction business. With a completely independent conduct of all the work, you need to be prepared for a longer period. Therefore, it is worth carrying out the right all stages of construction, which will help significantly save both time and finance.

If you want to build a high-quality structure from blocks, you will need to make some financial investments. But it is worth noting that such costs usually completely compensate for several months.

Planning options for metal containers

One of the most qualitative materials for the construction of such a structure is the construction container. Metal domestic is characterized by high strength and durability of the design, which is easy to assemble with their own hands.

Before starting work, it is worth a planning that was mentioned above. This type of work is a necessity in the construction of metal calves with their own hands. Compliance with this condition will help to build not only such a room like a lot, but also come in handy at or.

Installation of metal cabins on a column foundation

In addition, having experience planning construction, you can easily carry out repair work Almost any metal structures, containers, etc. Therefore, before installation, try all your thoughts, the requirements and the estimated appointment of cabins lay out on paper. In this method, you can accurately calculate the total area of \u200b\u200bmetallic cells for giving or construction siteWhat will allow you to find out the exact amount of material. Such calculations will help to save during construction with your own hands, especially if you compare with the purchase of metal cabins.

Preparatory work with a platform for installing

There are several main requirements for the place where it is planned to install a household room made of metal. One of the main rules is the presence of a flat installation site. It should be pre-noted polyethylene film. Before stretching the film, take care of the cleansing of the territory from garbage, weeds, shrubs that will interfere with the construction of the construction site. After completing cleaning, it will be possible to start leveling the platform for the metallic life.

Film that will be used to cover the surface should have a high density. It is also worth considering that its size should be equal to the floor of the structure of the structure plus the indent meter on each side.

It is also not worth it for this type of work to buy a greenhouse film that is not designed for heavy loads and can easily break.

Design and arrangement of homemade metal cabins

With the help of a properly selected and installed coat, you can protect yourself from unnecessary moisture, which would negatively affect the deadlines for the operation of the construction. Otherwise you risk subject metal building the destructive effect of corrosion, because of which the foundation of the structure will begin to lose its operational properties And will collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to seriously take preparatory work Places to which you want to install metal cabins.

Done dual district, the first one for which you should take - there is a lot of food. Why is the lotovka and why? Because the complete arrangement of the cottage will take more than one day and not even one season, but nobody suffer from the rain in the car so long. The tent is also not a way out: where to wash and cook food in bad weather? And with its own because the prices for ready-made country households are not small and their durability often does not exceed 5-6 months. At the same time, in a small room for temporary short-term stay and household needs (which is there is a lot of food) there is nothing such that a person who does not have to do without construction experience would not be done. In the course of the construction, it is purchased, which is useful when building a house, and other things that is necessary for a full rest at the cottage. AND correctly built by Motovka then will still last last, being very useful on the farm.

Calves are sometimes called today, implying that they are cleaned about the pericing of need. This idea was influenced by people employed on away works, especially builders. There, indeed, upon completion of the object, all temporary trailers are dealt or borrowed. The same builders and thought first to build households at the cottage. In the time of the Khrushchev cottage boom, they also endowed the earth, they took on the ambulance hand to build something like their locker rooms, heated, progress, etc. At that time, building materials for ordinary citizens were not in a wide sale, and the construction of good country house Could delay for years with the full skill and the hot desire of a happy new regional site.

Since the use of the hotel was supposed for a long time, the people soon have developed inexpensive design, requiring a small amount of materials, but comfortable and durable. It was a sorry for breaking them, and there were already originally hosted by Hozblok at the cottage of type 3 in 1: a bedroom-refuge, a storage / warehouse, a toilet with a shower. In this form, the country houses lived to the present day, only externally referred to, see Fig: building materials became more affordable, and requests for aesthetics and quality of life above.

Meaning of Motovka

Pioneers-households of the past was often still to disassemble their creations due to the same deficit of materials, if they were not enough for the house. But the modern dacket immediately builds his household for a long time. The current country household is designed to perform the following functions:

Residential, at the time of arrangement of the site. In the future, the shelter's room is restored to the bath, warehouse finished products, Revoter-Rabbachnik, Silver with greenhouse, etc.
Economic - like a barn for a reference property and gardening inventory.
Sanitary and hygienic as a dressing room, bathroom, storage room for working clothes and shoes, summer kitchen.
Aesthetic - in order to remove all the unsightly sides of the country's life from the eye.

The meaning of this approach is first, in the fact that the concepts of the purpose of the dacha are changed. The present summer residents necessarily wants to have a rest area with a resting area with / pergola, a decorative pond or, flower bed, mountaineering, barbecue, etc., even if the cottage and the family lives on income from it. Therefore, it is placed on the backyards and the greenhouse to be placed on the backyards, and the recreation area is equipped in front of a beautiful country house, see fig. on right. Rob with bugs leave, where they worked; Resting or receive guests go through a crucible path already in pure, not taucing the cloves of land with a bed.

Secondly, country house In essence, bedroom and living room. In the heat you want coolness, but that the air conditioner (who for winter can just steal) did not break the budget, it takes an expensive and complex capital structure with small heat lines and tightly closed windows / doors. But to whom the hunt to sit locked up in the country and follow, so that the whole company leaves the door to the door? What will this rest will be? It is easier to put on the windows blinds or hang out the marquises - and let yourself be carried out the premises.

The kitchen, shower and toilet in the house in this case, comfort and comfort will not add. Hostess cook too more pleasant to fresh air, not in the lumber; Suddenly the bad weather, to do cooking already under the roof, it is not embarrassing anyone and so that they are not interpreted and not flashed. In addition, the toilet device is the problem is very complex. The point here in: Requirements of sanitation at the distance from to the sources of water supply and residential buildings relate to the neighbors, plus it is necessary to ensure the possibility of an entrance of a sump. And if you manage to cooperate with the same neighbors, the common septic tank for 4 adjacent septors becomes at the junction of their boundaries "as a native", the reveaning is required less often, it may not be needed at all over the years. And it disappears the need to stare the ground with a gasket of pipes from the house to a septic, which is expensive.

Next, for the shower and kitchen you need hot water. To put a boiler in the house or the stove with a water brake again, it is uncomfortable, to build a house with chimney according to the requirements of the PB is again difficult and expensive, and in the household the furnace fits much easier, because This room does not apply to residential. Finally, in the XXI century we live - in summer, electricity for the refrigerator with an electric stub can give solar battery, and hot water is a solar panel. The current prices for them are sufficiently available, and some designs can be made with their own hands. But the aesthetics of the house they will not add, but on flat roof There will be a lot of cabins, "how were there," and the eyes will not be enjoyed to anyone.

In general, everything says for country Motovka. You can and need to build with your own hands based on long-term use, But without unbearable and without construction experience. Is it possible? Yes, this article is just designed to help such a case.

Build or put?

The first thing that comes to mind is not it easier to put on a simple gravel subfolder from the transport container? Works like a minimum. No, at least - you wake up over one openings so you could build a house. Ready cabins from containers of different class It is on sale, see fig., But the prices bite very much.

The reason is a lot of extra for the mass of metal. No one will sell cabins from containers cheaper than they stand like scrap metal, but a lot of iron in a container. However, we still remember about metal cabins, in certain circumstances it may be a good option. But in most cases, especially for beginners, it is easier and more profitable to be wooden foods, they basically and we will deal with.

What to build?

First, we will define with dimensions. The smallest hotel-asylum combined with the pantry has internal dimensions of approximately 2.5x3.5 m. Calcule "2 in 1", with a warehouse separated from the residential room partition, and a snap for the kitchen will already be released 3x4.5 m; About such we will talk more about such a thorough.

In the other case, a small bathroom near the courtyard is needed; One of the well-known designs is shown in Fig. on right. It uses a peat toilet, or powder-closet. Nowadays, there will be a hygiene. From purchased for giving it is better for a bounnitase-bucket with interchangeable absorbing cartridges, but the beythetet can be done both, see for example. Video below. However,

Video: Biotage in the household

Collect together "3 in 1" or even "4 in 1", including a bathhouse, possibly in the size of the size of 3x6 m, and at the same time it is located without much difficulty at a plot of 6 acres. Problems causes a layout, as it is better to plan a lot of 3x6 m, let's talk later.

How to be with the kitchen?

For the summer cottage of the day off, there is no sense for the summer cotton unit: there is no sense: summer kitchen is perfectly placed under the canopy, see fig. on right. If you leave for the cottage, or live there, from spring to autumn, then there is already a household 3 in 1 with a place for the kitchen and oven for heating. Alternative - electrified cabins; Then prepare on the electric stove, but at the start country arrangement This is a rare case.

Veranda: Immediately or then?

Calcule with a veranda on the summer dacha is beneficial in many ways, if only because it can be equipped with wind-protected kitchen and / or keep a servant, freeing the living space in the shelter. But immediately plan the construction of cabins with a veranda newcomer is not necessary: \u200b\u200bget enough reliable and durable building without construction experience will not work. The beginner builder is better to build a simple "box", and the veranda that does not have power ties with the main structure, then attach. The problem of binding foundations of cabins and verandas in this case disappears, because The other columnar unheard of the overall anti-pillow. The fact that it all means, let's talk later, but for now just in case - in fig. Drawing of cabins-asylum minimal size with a delivisable veranda. It is constructed by frame technology, for her and others it's time to take closely.

How to build?

Shields

The simplest way to build households - team-shield. The shield frames from the boards are assembled on Earth, then knocked in the box, on the left in Fig. The simple floor is laid in it, the walls are trimmed by something: OSP, chipboard, plywood, etc. Then they put the doors, windows (right in Fig.), Fill roof - and ready! For 1 season or of that less: the box of shields is not a frame, there are no individual carrier elements in it, and under the load, the structure is sharpened before the cold, and it collapses. The boards can only be built as a dressing-asylum and if it is just known that the construction of the house will be completed before autumn.

Sip

Nevertheless, the method of shield assembly of prefabricated, fairly reliable and durable buildings, incl. Residential buildings available for construction with their own hands exists. This is an assembly of sip panels (structural-insulated panel, SIP, Structural Insulated Panel). Calvester from the SIP will cost more than the framework described below, but its construction will give the experience that may need if you decide to build a year-round cottage or vacation home From the SIP, the technology in the same case is the same. About construction from SIP in RuNet is written enough, but for more information about the panels themselves. Roller:

Video: Sippar Overview

Caution, shields!

Many of the available ready-made cabins are shielding, with all flowing. Suddenly you decide to purchase ready-made firewood, cut off suspicious on the following signs:

Good forms of any design, as a rule, do not have overlays on the outer sheel of the walls, pos. 1 in fig. Right, in contrast to chlippy shields, pos. 2 and 3. These boards are stuffed on the joints of the shoes so that the product can stand transport.

With the same purpose, the angles and the openings of the Haltural households are strengthened by temporary coarse lining, pos. 3. Good forces transportation withstand and without amplifying angles, and windows with glasses are supplied in a separate packaging. With Halturoy, this focus does not pass: when transporting with empty openings, the booth is already thrown out so that the windows will not stand at the place.

Frame as a base

The operational load takes the durable hard framework. For this simple structurelike a lotship, it turns out to be inexpensive and few time consuming. Frames are built either "from the cell" to the left in Fig. - Paul stood in already collected framework - either the "cage" of power ties is collected on a solid base, right there. The latter requires a slightly more labor and materials, but less skill, therefore we will end in more detail in this method.

Bar and log

Lubricated and brusade cabins are luxuriously look, see fig. On the right, but at cost and labor intensity are not inferior to the house of larger size, and are built on the same technology. They rarely build them, mainly if further supposed to convert the cabins to the bath; Frameworks are not suitable for this. In this case, the household is immediately built at the place of the bath and equip the drain on all the rules, and the oven, shower, bath equipment are purchased and put the fault when the house is ready.

Metal +.

If you know how to drain and handle the welding machine, then it may be easier for you to collect cabins in a metal frame. At the same time, firstly, the need disappears in the foundation - the structure will be reliably standing simply on concrete blocks attached under the corners. Secondly, suddenly the hotel will not need, it will be able to sell it without any problems.

Based on the baseline in the metal frame, the power scheme of the container is taken to the left in Fig. Below, only on the frames and the angular racks for the sake of savings will go promsion 80x80x (3-4) mm. The upper and lower crates are made from a paired corner of 60x60 mm or the appropriate brand. The floor is filling, as described further for frame forces, put in the walls wooden Rama with windows and doorway and, possibly, with insulation, in the center in fig; About frame designs Also, see below. Usually, there are usually forms of this type outside with a straightener, on the right in Fig. But this design allows you to make the trim of any type, a double roof and give the structure a fully wooden view while maintaining metal strength.

We build a frame household

So, we came to the conclusion that our household will be a frame wooden. Step-by-step instructions for the construction of frame for 3x4.5 m long time wanders on Runet. Initially, it seemed to be drawn up quite intelligently, but with multiple rewriting, errors and arbitrary abbreviations were embryo. Following such instructions, a beginner builder in the process of work will fall into a dead end or, acting in its understanding, will receive the structure of the curve and fragile. Unfortunately, the source text seems to be completely lost, so you will have to refer to existing sources, but with explanations and notes.

The first of them is: to build a lot "for 2-3 days" will not work. Working from dawn to dawn without smoking and carefully, not allowing slipping, building will take half leave in a row or 1-1.5 months, If you work on weekends. The last option is preferable, because Vacation is better to spend on the house and arrangement of the site. In general, the first country summer will be anything, but not boring.

About impregnation

In the process of work, all wooden parts before installation in place must be impregnated with biocides (antiseptics) and hydrophobizers (water-repellent compositions). For a lot of motor oil, a spent engine oil is suitable as the other. The crown, the bottom strapping, gender lags and blackboard, see below, are also very desirable to be treated with bitumen mastic (40% bitumen and 60% Whitespit or solvent). Impregnate non-blanks, and already sliced \u200b\u200binto the size of the part, with all the recesses, grooves, etc.

Foundation and foundation

Actually, any foundation is laid by T. Naz. pickup, but in this case, because The structure is small, you can simplify the work if the plot is not too "humpbala". The basis of the location is built in the sequence in rice:

Lay the columns undelated foundation, pos. one.
They collect a total reference frame from a bar of 150x100 mm, T. Naz. Lower crown or for frame structure, just a crown, pos. 2-4.
On the crown, the lower carrier frame of the frame, or the lower strapping, with gender lags, pos. five.

The choice of the foundation type is unambiguous: for such a small and lightweight building Anyone will be unnecessary and expensive. About the device and the embezzlement of columnar foundations, here we will focus on the features for this type of construction, to know the newcomer.

Kotlovan under the foundation rotate with capture (removal) from 0.5 m around the perimeter for the contour of the building. Remove humus; If the power of the fertile layer exceeds 30 cm, digging on the bayonet shovel. Otherwise, the pillars are cut on the bayonet, i.e. up to 30 cm deep. Next, the pitting is littered with geotextiles (so that the backfall is not spread) and first pour a sand pillow of 10 cm in common, on a powerful humus, or in pits under the poles. Putting the pillars, the pillow shine to the soil level; Its appointment - together with the anchors (see below) counteract the forces of frosty radiation. The sandy recession is trambed twice, before installing the column and after it.

Pitch settings - in the range of 1.2-1.7 m, so that the whole number of spies between them fit on the buildings; For householders 3x4.5 and 3x6 pitch 1.5 m. Poops of pits under the poles, it is necessary to consider that the outline of the foundation should perform for the contour of the building by 10-20 cm. At the bottom corners of the frame "flock" all operational loads; If he falls on the poles flush on the outside, it will be difficult for them to "spread" in the post, and the structure can move the sideways.

Put brick polesAs recommended in sources, in no case should not: the best working brick in the ground will begin to crumble a maximum after 3-5 years, facing dry molding - in the first winter, and the resistant clinker highly will cost more than special concrete base blocks 200x200x400 mm. The pole will follow 4 blocks laid on the cement-sandy solution in pairwise ones; For details, see the Stated foundations. Thus, the pillar will turn out to be a 400x400x400 mm cube, of which 200 will be in the ground (bayonet 30 cm minus pillow 10 cm), and 10 cm will take place from the outside. For cabling 3x4.5 m, the sizes of the foundation along the contour will thus be 3.2x4.7 m, and the dimensions of the pit in the plan - from 4.2x5.7 m.

Now let's see again on the pos. 1. See? The middle row pillars are narrow, from a pair of blocks each. This is actually incorrect even for places with soft winter, all pillars must be the same. Not so expensive the foundation blocks in order to save them in the most important part of the structure.

Poles lay first on dry and align horizons with hose gurolar; Customized in height, slugging sand under low pillars. In the rectangle, exhibit the diagonals and sides. Rely only on the equality of diagonals it is impossible, you instead of a rectangle can get an equifiable trapezium! Tringing the pillars, the upper pairs of blocks are removed and put back on the solution.

Further prepare the basic (short) crousse of the crown, try on the place and laid perpendicular to the long axis of the building, pos. 2. Talking on it, cut into the size of the other bars of 150x100; The crown is going to the plastics, i.e. 150 mm side oriented horizontally, pos. 3. All connections - in Polterev. Do not forget about impregnation! According to the fit, the bars are removed, the pillars are covered with 2 layers of rubberoid (this is waterproofing from T. named. Capillary tree winding), bars are put back and, checking the crown with diagonals and fractions of the sides, the joints of the bars are crossped with 80mm nails, in a pair of diagonally in each Shake, pos. 4. At this stage, an anchor base is also being strengthened.

Anchors

The foundation anchors are the very "steel rods from 1 m" from the descriptions that it seems to be tinted in the poles. In fact, the household, the pressure of which land that elephant of the crusher is easier and more reliable to fix M-shaped indoor crutches, driven into the ground, pos. And in fig. To this paragraph. Make crutches from corrugated 16-mm reinforcement. Their lower ends sharpen to make it easier, and, most importantly, even more, went to the ground.

Close anchors from the inside, under each Costa's mustle in a bar of the crown make a groove of 20x20 mm: inscribed along the edges and choose a bit. Do not cease with the propuls, unnecessarily weakened the crown of anything! Close anchors according to the scheme, pos. B and B for cabins 3x4.5 and 3x6, respectively, and in 2 receptions: first do not finish 10-15 mm, and then, pro Preferably - with 1 sledge hammer. Additive in Fig. About the angular nails will come in handy below.

The next stage is the imposition of the lower strapping on the crown and the installation of lag of the floor, pos 5 in fig. With a base device. The strapping is made as well as a crown, but from a bar 100x100 mm. Collect flush with the outer edge of the crown; Thus, a step of 50 mm is formed inside, on which lags will be skilled. By applying a frame, the strapping is fastened by 80 mm nails, and as a crown, and sewn to the crown with nails of 150 mm, as shown in Fig. With the location of the anchors.

Lags are made from a 100x50 bar or 100x40 boards, they cut them into a quarter or a third of them, i.e. Us lagows will be 25 or 30 mm high. Step Installation Lag - 400-700 mm. It is chosen so that the spans between the lags were the same width. If the purple floor is from a simple cutting board, it is better to stick to a smaller value, and if the t-shirt will go on it, then the step of the lag can be increased. In any case, it is desirable to take a multiple 150 mm, it will be much simplified and save flooring, see below. Each lag is naked to the strapping of 2 nails 80 mm, along the nail in the Us, and in the center to the crown of 150-mm nail, and the total nail to the lag.

Underground

At the same stage, it is desirable, and for the location "from spring to autumn", heated at least briefly, be sure to make the insulation of the sample, otherwise the floor will replenish. For this, the openings between the foundation pillars are filled with something (brickstone, brick battle, paving slabs), in the pose. 5 in fig. With the base, on cement-sandy solution, and the subfield fall asleep with a clay. Careless builders often simply lean around the trimming of the proflist or the slate fight, indulging in the sand, and sprinkle outside the ground. It is possible to fit if the foam is not sorry.

There are some subtleties here. First, the assignment of the filling of the openings is only to keep the clamzite from the spreading, but it is impossible to cover them from the inside from the inside: the underground should be ventilated, otherwise it will turn into a condensate collection. Therefore, in each span, it is necessary to leave or produced, by a pair of about 4x6 cm on the span (convenient, if filling with a boot or brick fighting), or the gap at the top 4-6 cm. If the spans are faded, it is necessary to insert pipe cuts in advance.

Secondly, it is necessary to fill out the openings from the inside so that the filling does not chop out. Then then, when the hands are reached and the structure will fall, it will be possible to make a real beautiful base.

Frame

The first to put the corner racks of the frame of the bar 100x100, reinforcing temporary pits (pos. 1 in Fig.), On steel corners and self-drawing (5-8) x (60-70) mm, pos. 2. Self-tapping screws are tightened after the rack is adjusted on the plumb and backed by bodies. The height of the rear racks is approximately 2.2-2.4 m; You can take from the drawing of the household-mini, see above. The front, with the width of the structure of 3 m, take 0.5 m longer. If you consider the dimensions of the racks yourself, note that the maximum tilt of the slate or ondulin roof is 14 degrees, and the optimal one is 7-9 degrees.

Then impose the longitudinal top side beams of the box (it is not necessary to talk about the solid upper strapping in the form of a carrier frame in this case), attaching to the empty of the corners, as below, and cut into the polytera beams. The crossbars are fixed with nails of 80 mm, paired diagonally into each insert. After that, they put intermediate racks and the appropriate upper crossings corresponding to them, pos. 3.

At this stage, construction can be somewhat simplified and reduced. On pos. 3 It can be seen that the intermediate racks are also from the bar 100x100, but for a small cabinet it is unnecessary, 100x50 bars or 100x40 boards will go on the intermediate racks, the same as on the lags. Put them across the bars strapping. So that the design does not lose strength, you need to perform the following conditionsSee fig. on right:

Splip-adjacent to the corners should be the same width.
Corner and adjacent windows / doors spans should be backed by bows from the same board.
If the corner / prigible span is obtained 300 mm or less, but such a situation should be avoided by placing doors / windows at a sufficient distance from the corners.

Now you need to replace temporary bodies permanent, from the same boards 100x40, and put rafters, pos. 4. There, by the way, it can be seen that the builders stole: one of the angular spans is empty, although nothing prevents to back it. The boards of the trenches also put across the bars; Fasten with nails 80 mm, paired at each end. Next, the installation of door jambs (you can immediately with the door of the door) and window frames, pos. 5. Ends the installation of the box bonding the lower belt with the crown of 150 mm nails with a step of 200-250 mm.

Rafyla

How to crash and put rafters, shown in Fig. The installation step of the rafter is about 0.5 m. Additional suspensions are made from scraping board. In this design, they are very desirable, because It is not possible to firmly attach every rafter to the top belts. Svet rafted approximately 30 cm; The same will be the side skes of the crate under the roof. If the hotel is constantly in the Testament (let's say, in the forest), then without suspensions, the rafter can be done.

Perhaps a dull single-piece roof will not suit you. At such a case in fig. Below are the schemes of rafting farms suitable for the country's house and, of course, there are consumers. Designs, circled green, are good because simple, economical and allow to reduce the height of angular racks to 1.9 m while maintaining a sufficient height of the ceiling of the cabin.

Roof

After assembling the frame cover the roof so that the rain does not wet not yet the finished floor. Its crate to the slate roof is gained at the intervals (on the left in Fig.), And under the ondulin solid, because Ondulin - material soft. Working with him, of course, it is easier than to carry heavy fragile slate sheets, but the slate roof is much cheaper and more reliable.

As laid and fastened sheets of slate roof flooring, clear from fig. Below, but when it purchases it is necessary to take into account some circumstances. The first, on sale most often happens Slate 6, 7 and 8 wave. The 6-wave sheets are easier, but the price of the square of the roof of them will be significantly higher than from 8-wave. So, if there is little money, and work is not afraid, take the 8-wave.

The second, slate sheets are produced different steps, the height of the wave and thickness. If you take a used or at all, the rotor hit, it may turn out that the sheets are not joined. Therefore, when purchasing, you need to pay attention to the label, there is always a set of 1, 2, 3 and 4-digit numbers, for example. Sheet 40/150 - 1750 - 8 or 6-GOST 40/194/1750. 8 or 6 then there will be the number of waves, 40 - the height of the wave, 194 or 150 is its step, and 1750 - the height of the sheet, this is its standard value. If there is a smaller 4-digit digit, then this is the width of the sheet.

Floor

The floor of the cabinet consists of 2 flooring, the lower draft and top-piston, with heat, hydro and vaporizolescence between them. It is impossible to simplify anything here, otherwise the room will turn out raw, uncomfortable and soon hesitates. In addition, the crown with the strapping and the boardwalk form a rigid box, without which the base will be released fragile. So it is necessary to approach the flooring of the floor with all thoroughness and attention.

How the black floor is arranged, it is seen from fig. The cranial lumps are allowed throughout the circuit of openings between lags; "Nail" 70-mm nails with a step of 100-120 mm. It is needed to turn on the boards of flooring into the power scheme. On the draft floor they take only the tipped board 150x (30-40) mm! At the cleaning floor, you can still save, typing it out of a simple cutting board, but the "black" floor is filling only a tongue! The sequence of flooring is as follows:

Boards put along the openings between lags.
From the first, in the installation order, the boards are cut off swings.
The following boards, up to the penultimate inclusive, put, tightly bypowing the groove on the comb's comb.
The last board is cut into the size in the width from the ridge side, i.e. Cut crest with part of the plastic.
It is obliquely put it so that the grooves found on the crest of the previous one, and we press the place with force; Perhaps you will have to knock in Cyans.
The boards of the finished flooring of the flooring nail to the cranial bruster with nails of 70 mm in a step of about 100 mm, and a pair of nails in the middle of the middle bruster of the crown. The indent of the nails from the edges of the longitudinal boards is no less than its thickness, i.e. 40 mm. It is desirable to withstand it for a cranial bar, driven by nails.

When the draft floor is ready, pos. 1 on the trail. Fig., His cells are covered with a pergamine or its analogues, it is vaporizolation. Save, isolating the bottom with polyethylene, it is impossible, because He misses both pairs and moisture. Pergamine is sewn to lags by a construction stapler or nailed with small nails, laying pieces of plywood under their caps. In any case, it is impossible to sew / nasty to the flooring - what will it be for insulation, at the bottom holes?

Now it was a turn of insulation of sex. Recall once again, it is necessary in the summer household, so as not to refuse. Will you not keep it in winter in heated room? Warm mineral wool pos. 3, but you need to take mats from a long-fiber suitable for residential buildings. The short-fiber minvat will constantly dust by mic champs, very harmful to health!

Next, the floor is covered with solid, or with the inverted sheets from 15 cm, polyethylene film, pos. 4. Now the half perception of polyethylene will have to do: condensate, which still broke into the floor, will evaporate through it, not having time to cause diploma, and the liquid spilled on the floor will also evaporate or stroke before leaving the insulation.

The last "floor" operation - finishing flooring. It is also advisable to do from the punching, but, as already mentioned, a simple clean-cutting board of 150x40 mm will go. "Clean" boards stelite across the lag, i.e. Perpendicular to "black", pos. 5. The finishing flooring is "solid", from the edge to the edge of the frame of the lower strapping. Make t. Floating floor, as in a residential building, in the hotel it is impossible for considerations of the strength of the structure.

In places where the floorboards fall on the frame racks, the grooves 50x100 are chosen in the boards, and the corners are 100x100, so it is impossible to take a 100-mm board on a clean floor, the block corners will come out with hanging. They nail "clean" boards in the corners of pairs of 70-mm nails diagonally (in the board and in its corner), and on other intersections with bars and lags - pairs of the same nails across the board.

Sheaving

The outer covering attaches the final strength of the structure, so it is also made from the boards, and siding, etc., which then wants, is swaying over it. They are trimmed either with a tongue or a quarter board, so that water flowing along the walls does not leakers inside, i.e. Up the row of the tongue or inner quarter, see fig. on right. If further exterior decoration It is not assumed, you can see the cutting board in Vnakroy, "Christmas tree". Top to donomose, capturing and lower base belts. Before covering to the frame, parchment is attached with a stapler, pos. 1 and 2 in Fig. Now you can put the windows; Before installing platbands, the cracks in their and doorways are fought, pos. 3.

What is before the inner skin, then here - as God put on the soul: plywood 4-8 mm, OSP, chipboard, laminate, etc., with or without insulation, pos. 4 and 5. At the same stage, they are paved in the walls of the corrugations with cables tightened in them, if the cabins are electrified.

Warming, if necessary - the same as for the floor. Corners It is advisable to cover with plinths. In Khrushchev times, it was often necessary at all without interior decoration, simply there were no materials. Now it is easier with them, who would have not been nostalgiced at that time.

Partitions

Frames of partitions, if such provided, collected according to the scheme, similar to the sidewalls of the frame, see fig. On the right, only from the rails of 40x40 mm. Drinks put only in extreme cells. Internal doors often have to be located on the wall to the wall, then an additional rail is added to the cell with the doorway (shown by the arrow), without it the door in the platband will not become. The frames of partitions put in place, 70 mm nails with a pitch of 200-250 mm are nourished directly to the walls, and they are trimmed with the same material that interior walls. Corners are strengthened by plinths over the entire contour.

For reference

Width of the canvas entrance doors - 800-1100 mm, intercomed 750-850 for residential and 600-750 mm for household, utility and bathrooms. The maximum width of the shadow window sash is 900 mm; Preferably - 600-650 mm. The minimum is considered to be a 400 mm wide width, but can be done already. Door height - 1900-2100 mm; Windows - 600-1300 mm. The height of the window sill above the floor is 750-850 mm.

More angles

Remember how we put the corner racks of the frame: on steel corners. You may already noticate that the external, the most loaded corners of the framework from the point of view of construction mechanics hanging, i.e. Weakened. Therefore, it seems to be quite ready for a lot in Fig. In fact, it is not yet ready to take on all that it is prepared by fate and weather, its outer corners need to be supported by the overhead boards.

How it is done, can be seen in Fig. On the left: the corners are squeezed by pairs of boards from top to bottom. Handling diagram of nails (150 mm): 1st in the crown and lower strapping, then in a row with a step of 200-300 mm to the racks, then 1st in the upper horizontal bars. First, the boards on the short sides of the building are flush with the edge of the corner, and then on the long sides to cover the ends of the adjacent.

About shutters

The fact that the cabins are very desirable to provide shutters, obviously: winter element is able to beat the glass and without the participation of hooligan. But to do in the downtime, swinging shutters complicated, and the blinds are needed to them, because Hot summer in the room without ventilation system will be stuffy. Therefore, the optimal version of the shutter for cabins - folding, see fig. They shadow windows like marquises, protect the glass from damage better than swing, and make them easier.

Trailers

Building trailers are 6-12 m long and a width of 2.4 m. The length of 6 m long-length is very convenient for the cottage: it is placed in it a lot of things, and it is placed without problems and 6 acres. It took only increase its width to 3 m, because The walls of frame forms are thicker than in a standard trailer. Cames of such type, see fig. It is constantly on sale, and disagree well.

However, with the development of subsidiary needs, with often insufficient possibilities, build a landscaped home on the site, problems arose with layout. Typical Construction and Traveling Cell Spashing, Pos. 1 in fig. Below, it is only a bedroom and / or changing room. For kitchens, canteens, bathrooms, offices, even bars and billiards, produced and produced trailers of other types of size, but there is no place to collect a private town on the site.

Attempts to use in the layout of households sanitary and ergonomic techniques and norms for residential premises lead to the fact that, in addition to the bedroom, the place remains only on a tiny tambour, in which they will not turn in warm clothes, and the warehouse in which nothing except shovel and robber is not fit, or a shower toilet, where, sitting, the door is impossible Close - in the knees rests, for example, in the center in fig.

Since there is a mobile mobile in essence, it will be quite justified to apply reception and passenger transport standards for its planning. The trouble will be only with the doors, more precisely - with the direction of their opening, because They are swing, not sliding. But the doors, it is generally the second after the headache of the planners.

An example of a rational layout of 6x3 m is given to the right in Fig. above:

Bedroom 1.7x2.7 m MORE railway coupe. It will fit the bunk bed, a small dining table and a chest of drawers. For the night on the floor, you can put another clamshell, for which, among other things, enough space in stock.
The bathroom is placed an angular shower of 1.1x1.1 m, bounitas and a corner washbasin-halfulpan, such as the same on the railway. Not luxury, but you can wash and please.
The largest area is relieved under the kitchen block combined with a pattern, these are 2 raisins of this principle. Compact refrigerator are placed, cottage stove with hobs on 3-5 kW of thermal power (enough for heating in the off-season), and the place remains to change clothes; And warm.
Exit from the bathroom is also in a warm room, which is important after the shower in cold weather.

The case is more complicated with the location of a smaller size; Here you have to combine stall-refuge with the kitchen. An example of the planning of this kind of "household studios" 3x4.5 m is shown in Fig. on right.

And then?

Guess what the next thing in the country is, as they say, already shouting: "I am a building!" Perhaps when the house is not ready yet, and the bath is only in dreams? True, shed. Or a poultry house, or a pigsty that in the design almost the same thing.

Situation peak. How to build it? Where is the time to take if it is so necessary more than there is hours in the days? And most importantly - from what? No extra money and not foreseen.

From the pallets from the building materials - pallet. From the construction site, it was certainly unnecessary, and buy used not to consume: disassembling pallets for non-measured lumber in holes from nails absolutely unprofitable, so you often served your pallets are often savable, just to get rid of.

Construction of a private house usually begins with a "construction trailer". On the market you can find a lot of offers for the purchase of new or used wooden cabins. It also appeared in everyday life as such as the container unit. It is made of metal, has a large number of options for the acquisition and can be used as an element of modular housekeeping.

But it is the car that the car is my own hands on a wooden frame - the most economical and optimal solution For the maternity owner. After the construction is completed, it can be used as a guest house, a barn for equipment and equipment, re-equip into a bath or transport to the country area.

The car is my own hands: draft Motovka

From the future use of cabins depend on its size, device and finishing materials.

The inner partitions are not needed as a small shed. There is also no need for insulation of walls, gender and roofs.

If it is planned to use cabins as a seasonal residence (for example, a summer garden house), then you can provide internal planning. Warming is better to spend at the construction stage - when using heaters, there will be a better heat in the spring and autumn, and in the summer it will not be very hot in the sun.

For the construction trailer, the inner lining may limit itself to inexpensive and simple materials. Re-equipment in a garden or country house will require only refinement in the decorative decoration.

It is best if the inner space is divided at least two rooms. For example, a house in the first photo can be represented in this form.

A small tambour-entrance hall and a large room with one small window - a typical building trailer with your own hands.

And this is an already improved option with three windows, which can be called - a house with a living room and a bedroom.

On this scheme, the household consists of three rooms - a vestibule and two equivalent rooms.

And of course, before the start of construction is needed the simplest drawing indicating basic sizes.

foundation

How to build a lotovka - Step-by-step instructions for the construction of the household starts with the foundation.

Feature small wooden design In its insignificant weight. But even this does not mean that it can be placed directly on Earth. To protect against the effects of soil moisture (including precipitation in the form of rain and snow), it is necessary to rummaged base.

The easiest view is . His strength is enough to withstand the weight of the household. For temporary placement (and horizontal levels), bricks or slag blocks, laid just on Earth, are often used. But in any case, it is better to use full-scale blocks. Such an option as on this photo, even for temporary base is not the most the best choiceMoreover, initially the block is laid sideways and the pressure falls on the walls, but on emptiness.

Slaglock although it belongs to concrete, but the hollow blocks are used for the construction of walls.

Even a column foundation must be done according to the rules. Under each base, a small deepening is rotated, the bottom will be trambed, fall asleep with a sand pillow (at least 20 cm), which is watered with water and compact, and the blocks are laid on top. Sand prevents the capillary lift of moisture and acts as a drainage.

there is alternative options foundation.

A geomembrane stelowed from the upper layer, the sand layer is poured on top, and then lay out the base from the blocks.

Instead of sand, you can use rubble small or medium fraction.

Even paving slabs large format It can serve as a base for a column foundation from blocks.

For permanent dislocation, it is possible to use as pins asbestos-cement pipes, lined to the depth of the freezing of soil and filled with concrete. This is if it is built not a construction, and the country car is my own hands.

The distance between the columns is usually chosen based on the size of 1.5-2.5 meters. Therefore, in addition to the angular supports, there will be another 1-2 additional on the perimeter plus internal (under partitions and for a bar that provides rigidity of the draft floor).

In addition to the column, applicable arrangement of the slab foundation. Of course, the reinforced concrete monolith for such a structure is excessive, but the pavement tile of a large format on the squeezed base from the sand is quite suitable.

baking frame

How to build foods with your own hands, for this you need only dry wood. But this is not enough - all wooden framework elements and trim should be treated with antiseptics. Moreover, testing is suitable only for "underground" elements, and there are no them for the domestic, and the olifa is only temporary protection against moisture and mold, so it is necessary to use antiseptics and flames.

The base of 150 × 100 mm is best suited as the bottom strapping. This size is even used for the frame of a columnar or pile foundation of wooden and frame small residential buildings. The simplest angular connection is in the floor of the tree.

Then follows the second crown of a bar 100 × 100 mm. Moreover, the installation takes place with the inner "step" between the crowns. This is the optimal device for insulated floor. On the shelf 50 mm, lags are mounted for finishing floor with a cross section of 100 × 50 mm.

The angular and carrier racks (for partition and the door) are performed from a bar of 100 × 100 mm, intermediate racks (including for mounting the window) made from a bar of 100 × 50 mm. They are fixed to the strapping using metal corners,

pre-exhibiting in terms of level and fixing temporary bodies.

Alternatively, you can use brazen, which will additionally fix the corner connection of the strapping.

Frame wooden cabins can be erected not alternately, but by sections mounted on Earth. This applies to the walls,

and to the upper strapping assembly with the rafter system.

But such a technology will require the attraction of assistants, therefore, during the construction of food, with their own hands, more likely apply more "light" (by weight) techniques.

The upper strapping passes through the same rules as the lower. The carrier bar around the perimeter has the same section as the angular frame racks. The connection of the elements is carried out in the floor of the tree, after selecting the grooves in the intersection places. First, they mount the long side, fixing it to the stands of the temporary fastening.

Then the transverse timber is installed. After checking levels and corners, the upper strapping is finally attached to the racks with a metal corner.

For a single roof, and this is the easiest option, the upper strapping can be performed in two levels when the front (or rear) racks are made under the desired angle of the slope.

But there is a more complex option using wall struts.

Additional racks

Intermediate racks (100 × 50 mm) are also fixed to the bottom and upper strapping using the corners.

The distance between the racks is chosen on the basis of the width of the insulation and the size of the sheet sheel material. If the internal finish is to use the lining, and for external-packs to house or siding, then only the width of the insulation has a defining value. The usual recommendation is 600 mm between axes of racks. This size is tied to plasterboard.

But when weaving (OSB) (the most common material for framework), each of its sheet will require trimming by 50 mm. Therefore, if internal sheathing It will be done by clapboard, it is better to choose the axial distance between the racks of 625 mm. The size of the lumen between the racks will be 575 mm, which is permissible for laying mineral wool with a width of 600 mm and a deformation strip of 50 mm.

For the racks, between which windows and doors are mounted, their criteria. You can, of course, to make a frame of a panel door from the bar and window Rama.but more often buy finished goods. Therefore, they will need to install additional racks and spacers.

And if the doors are standard in width and height, then the windows can be large

or, on the contrary, just more former.

Motovka: roof

The car is a lot of hands with their own hands there are many ways to attach rafters to Mauerlat (in this case, to a bruus of the upper strapping). The simplest uses metal brackets. For more reliable fixation, you can either cut into the sling of the groove, or use the reference bar.

Rolled waterproofing is attached to the rafters, and the cutter is on top. The shadow step depends on the type of roofing material and the corner of the skate.

The most inexpensive is Ondulin (modern slate analogue). For an angle, less than 10 ° make a solid crate, up to 15 ° - step 450 mm, more than 15 ° - 600 mm.

Motovka: floor

Moodovka do-it-yourself device floor. At the beginning between the lag the boards (or OSP-3) of the draft floor are fixed. As a support, the protruding edge of the base of the lower strapping (150 × 100 mm) is used.

Then the surface of the draft floor is littered with waterproofing film. Tight polyethylene is often used for this, but more reliable are rolled materials with bitumen or polymer-bitumen impregnation. . Film the neck of the mustache between the strips of at least 20 cm, with the camp of the seams of construction scotch. The edges of the bands must enter the walls (the same 20 cm).

Between the lag, there are insulation. It is better to choose mineral wool, for example (URSA). Unlike foaming, it is not combustible and rodents do not come in it. The only drawback is the hygroscopicity and the property of the loss of insulation properties during the saturation of moisture (the same condensate). Therefore, it is necessary to the gap between the finishing flooring and the vapor-permeable membrane or use not transmitting water - it will protect mineral wool from direct contact with water and will deter water vapor from it.

As a fingerboard, the pinched board is best. The principle of connecting the coverage of the Schip-Paz allows you to even more protect the insulation from the water from entering it.

But you can lay the same OSB (OSB), and from above Linoleum.

Motovka: ceiling

So that the household was warm needed to insulate the ceiling. Of course, the cold air is not down from top to bottom, but the warm will be "disappeared." In addition, falling on the cold overlap, he will cause condensate. That is why even for a single-piece roof, it is necessary to equip a small "attic" distance and insulate it with mineral wool. The principle is the same as for the floor: overlap (board or OSB), a moisture-proof film isoPan, insulation ( mineral wool).

Decorative trim from the inside is performed similar to the walls.

Motovka: walls

A classic frame of a frame structure has several layers: internal covering, steamproof film Izospan , insulation between frame racks (mineral wool), vapor-permeable membrane, remote plank (for ventilation clearance), OSB and decorative cladding.

In practice, the external trim for the cabinet can "simplify" to one outer layer - either OSB (OSB), or decorative finish. Given the low "aesthetic" properties of the OSB, more often choose the second option, although the plates can be painted in any color as a conventional wooden surface.

Most often for the outer decoration choose a block house.

It is stronger and "warmer" than the lining and more suitable for the outer decoration. You can use timber imitation.

As an alternative wooden trim Some prefer vinyl Siding. It does not need care and paintwork.

The inner partition should be provided for still developing the project of the household, but it is not too late to equip it and later. The main thing is that it is attached to one of the lag of the floor from below and bruus ceiling beam from above.

Outside and from the inside the windows and doors are fixed. Remove angular joints outside with straps or wooden profiles, and from the inside by plinths and cartoons.

Complete trim grinding wooden coatings, primer and paint processing.

Video

Video