A variety of equipment, including machines, can be used to work with wood. Through the use of such equipment, it accelerates the process of mechanical processing of wooden blanks. Highly in demand lathe woodworking with a copier, which greatly simplifies the execution of tasks: making furniture legs, door handles and balusters.
Classification of lathes
Many people decide to buy and install lathes in their own workshop because of their possible use in the manufacture of cylindrical products. There is quite a large number various models, they can be divided into several groups:
- Classic equipment, when the workpiece is located in a chuck or faceplate. As cutting tool a cutter is used. The workpiece can rotate at different speeds. However, the equipment is not suitable for mass production.
- Copying machines can be used to work from a template. By using a template, you can simplify the task of manufacturing similar products. For small-scale production, a manually operated device is suitable, since it has low cost and easy to use.
- Milling machines are extremely common today. This is due to the fact that they are widely used in the production of cabinet and flat parts made of wood and metal. There is also turning milling machine woodworking, which can be used to perform various operations.
- Models with numeric program controlled. In mass production or the manufacture of expensive products, equipment that has a CNC unit can be used. However, the use of a copier significantly reduces the cost of the product.
The copying device for a wood lathe has very attractive characteristics, due to which they began to be installed in private and other workshops.
Classic design
Industrial machines have enough complex design, especially CNC versions that can process automatically. The required product can also be obtained using copying equipment. Classic design is represented by a combination of the following main components:
A homemade copier for a wood lathe also allows for high-quality processing of workpieces.
DIY making
Industrial versions of machines are expensive. That is why many are considering the possibility of assembling the machine with their own hands. Recommendations for carrying out the work are as follows:
Most attention is paid to the production of the copier. This is what distinguishes a lathe from a copying machine.
Creating a copier
The copier is used to produce similar products. Due to its use, the productivity indicator is significantly increased. Among the features associated with creating a copier, the following points are noted:
The template is made of plywood and is screwed to the front surface of the beam. The upper surface of the previously installed beam is aligned with the axis of the template.
Disadvantages of the device in question
A homemade copying machine has a fairly large number of significant disadvantages. An example is the following information:
That is why, in order to establish the production of complex wooden elements It is recommended to install industrial machines.
Wood cutting machine Proma DSL-1200
The model under consideration is intended for processing wooden products, which can be used as decorative elements. Distinctive feature experts call the design the presence of two incisors:
This machine model can be used to work with large workpieces. To do this, the structure is equipped with a steady rest, which is mounted on rods that act as guides. The installed faceplate allows processing multi-faceted products.
Main characteristics of the model:
The disadvantage of this proposal, like many others, is the rather high cost.
Wood is one of the main materials that people use in Everyday life for the manufacture of furniture, objects interior decoration, decorative architectural elements, household and garden supplies and much more.
Wood copying machine.
One or two things can be done hand tools or using woodworking equipment.
But how to process a large number of completely identical products with the least amount of labor and time? In this case, copying machines will come to the rescue. One of them is a copy-milling machine for wood.
The article discusses its structure and principle of operation, and also offers some advice to those who want to make the device themselves.
Copy-milling machines (CFS) are designed for processing wood parts using the copying method. Types of method:
- contour or 2-dimensional (2-D) milling;
- volumetric or 3-dimensional (3D) copying.
One method or another is used depending on the shape of the product being processed.
The main advantage of copying machines is that it is possible to produce any number of parts with a curved contour, which are a copy of the original copy. They will all be absolutely identical. At the same time, the machine has the flexibility to switch to processing another part, just change the standard.
Therefore, their scope of application is quite wide: from small-scale production to mass production. Along with fairly large machines for industrial use, there are compact desktop devices. Copying machines are used in furniture production, woodworking shops, in carpentry workshops of individual entrepreneurs.
Milling heads (milling cutter) are often used as a working unit in small machines. Its rotation frequency is sufficient to ensure the required surface quality (no chips, splits, burrs).
Examples of processed products
Below is shown a far from complete composition of products manufactured using FSC:
- furniture parts - fronts, headboards, backs, legs of chairs and armchairs;
- interior items - fireplace frame, wooden panels, frames, stands;
- souvenir products - figurines, boxes, medallions;
- building structures - framing arched windows, filling paneled doors;
- architectural elements - bas-reliefs, decorative friezes and borders, window casings(slotted or relief), cornice carving;
- decorative fencing - elements of railings, balusters, screens with ornaments, fence details;
- wooden elements of the weapon - butt, fore-end;
- handles of gardening tools, for example, an axe.
As you can see, the listed parts have significant differences from each other, both in size and shape. If we group them according to the most common features, then it becomes obvious that To process parts belonging to the same group, your own design (layout) of the machine is required.
How the copier works
To replicate the product, one of the copies is used, which serves as a template. The head with the cutting tool (mill) is connected into one unit with a copy probe.
With 2-dimensional milling, the probe moves along the generatrix of the copied contour, and the rotating tool repeats this movement, resulting in a copy of the template.
When a volumetric part is milled, the copying tip scans the 3-dimensional model and forces the cutter to move along an equidistant (similar) path. The nature of the movements of copying machines is of 2 types:
- The template and the workpiece are stationary, the cutting head moves in the longitudinal direction, removing a certain amount of material in one double stroke.
- The template and the workpiece (one or more) rotate, and the cutter moves radially along the copier. As a result, it repeats the profile of the copied section. In this case, the cutting unit or part is evenly moved along the longitudinal axis of the product.
A particular type of copying and engraving work is the milling of drawings or ornaments according to a template, which is a pasted paper copy printed on a printer.
As a program for creating a drawing, you can use AVTOCAD, Compass, Word, Paint and others. To avoid tearing the paper, a soft insert (wood or plastic) is inserted into the copying tip.
Choosing the layout of a homemade machine
What you need to know when starting to develop your original device.
First of all, you should determine what parts it is intended for. Next, you should select the forming movements and the number of machine axes. To process flat parts using the contour copying method, 2 axes are sufficient: longitudinal and transverse movement. Parts with low relief require another movement (perpendicular).
However, if the terrain is steep, then the tool axis must be additionally rotated to ensure Better conditions for processing. That is, there are already 4 axes. In some cases, 5 or more axes will be required. When imagining the processing technology in your head, you should take into account everything possible situations. After the machine has been manufactured, it may be difficult to introduce additional movements.
Finally, the machine must be configured in such a way that control forces are minimal. This means that moving parts should be as light as possible. Think about which layout is better to choose: horizontal or vertical. Firstly, the convenience of work, as well as loading and unloading of workpieces, depends on this. Secondly, with a vertical arrangement, the chips fall directly to the floor or into a trough, and do not accumulate on the base or in the mechanisms of the machine.
The milling head should be selected as high-speed as possible. This is important factor, affecting the quality of processing (the height of the scallops from the cutter decreases).
A few examples
Pantograph
Photo 1: machine for cutting letters.
Used for flat threads. Its design is based on geometric figure- parallelogram. One of the properties of this mechanism is that the nodal points describe equidistant curves during movement. Moreover, if the link is lengthened, then its end point will travel a greater distance. This property allows the mechanism to be used for scaling.
The photo shows that the total length with the copying tip at the end is approximately 2 times longer than the side of the parallelogram. This means that the mechanism is magnifying. If you copy a shape with a tip, the cutter will reduce it by 2 times. This will reduce copier errors. Do not forget that the drawing or template is enlarged.
To make a pantograph you will need a purchased router and several dry boards. Apparently it doesn't get any cheaper.
Machine with plane-parallel mechanism
Photo 2: contour milling
The scope of application is also contour milling.
Unlike a pantograph, a curvilinear trajectory is obtained by adding two mutually perpendicular movements. The 3rd axis is used to insert the cutter into the thickness of the part. The weight at the opposite end of the swing frame is designed to balance the system.
Please note a small design flaw: It is better to install the load on a threaded rod to allow for adjustment.
Volume milling machine
Photo 3: volumetric milling
At the bottom of the frame there are 2 rotating attachment points for the copier and the workpiece.
The milling head is mounted on a balanced swinging frame, which during operation moves along mutually perpendicular guides.
Instead of linear bearings or sliding bushings, as in the previous device, roller carriages are used here. The advantage of the design is the open base, which makes chip removal easier.
Duplicarver-2
Photo 4: machine for flat-relief and sculpture carving
Serial machine for flat-relief and sculpture carving. An example of simplicity: they say about such structures - two sticks, two rolling pins. Has 5 controlled axes:
- 4 turns (side arms, rotating frame, head, work tables);
- lateral movement of the head.
Longitudinal movement is obtained by adding two rotations: levers and frame. A German milling cutter with a power of 500 W and a spindle speed of 10 - 30 thousand revolutions per minute is used as a power head. Easily carried by one person (weight - 28 kg).
Duplicarver-3
Photo 5: processing of long-length volumetric threads
2 more rolling pin guides (an additional linear axis) have been added to the previous machine, and the rotary work tables are located vertically. As a result, it became possible to process long volume threads.
Below are some drawings that may be useful in making a homemade device.
Drawing 1 - pantograph device
Drawing 2 - diagram of a router mounted on a pantograph 
Drawing 3 - carriage for installing a router on a flat-bed copier
Video: presentation of a homemade copying machine
Do-it-yourself CNC copying machine - is it possible?
All the devices discussed above are manually controlled, that is, despite the increase in productivity, the person remains chained to the mechanism. This type of work is quite monotonous and tedious. In mass and large-scale production, copy-milling machines equipped with computer numerical control (CNC) are used. All work on such equipment comes down to loading workpieces and removing finished products. As an example, the photo shows a similar machine.
A copying machine differs from a conventional CNC milling machine by the presence of a programming system. A traditional CNC machine operates from a control program compiled by the operator in a system, for example, ARTCAM, according to a 3-D model, which is developed at the design stage by a design engineer. If the product was created by a sculptor or designer, it must first be digitized, that is, a 3-D model must be created. This work is performed by a software engineer.
On a CNC copying machine, the control program is compiled by the system itself. When installing a copied product, an additional CNC attachment probes the part and creates its 3-dimensional model, from which a control program is automatically generated. Considering the high cost of components, problems with purchasing a CNC system, making a CNC copying machine yourself is something out of the realm of science fiction. It’s easier to make a CNC milling machine (not a copying machine), although not everyone can handle this either.
For those who are going to start their own business, making crafts from wood, as well as for professional cabinetmakers, a self-made copying machine will be of great help. It can be successfully used for decoration country estate, outbuildings, playgrounds and other structures. Jewelry work, it would seem, will be done effortlessly and with high quality.
A variety of equipment, including machines, can be used to work with wood. Through the use of such equipment, it accelerates the process of mechanical processing of wooden blanks. A wood lathe with a copier is in great demand, which greatly simplifies the execution of tasks: making furniture legs, door handles and balusters.
Many people decide to buy and install lathes in their own workshop because of their possible use in the manufacture of cylindrical products. There are quite a large number of different models; they can be divided into several groups:
- Classic equipment, when the workpiece is located in a chuck or faceplate. A cutter is used as a cutting tool. The workpiece can rotate at different speeds. However, the equipment is not suitable for mass production.
- Copying machines can be used to work from a template. By using a template, you can simplify the task of manufacturing similar products. For small-scale production, a manually operated machine is suitable, as it is low cost and easy to use.
- Milling machines are extremely common today. This is due to the fact that they are widely used in the production of cabinet and flat parts made of wood and metal. There is also a wood turning and milling machine, which can be used to perform various operations.
- Models with numerical control. In mass production or the manufacture of expensive products, equipment that has a CNC unit can be used. However, the use of a copier significantly reduces the cost of the product.
For a wood lathe, it has very attractive characteristics, due to which they began to be installed in private and other workshops.
Classic design
Industrial machines have a rather complex design, especially CNC versions, which can carry out processing automatically. The required product can also be obtained using copying equipment. The classic design is represented by a combination of the following main components:
A homemade copier for a wood lathe also allows for high-quality processing of workpieces.
DIY making
Industrial versions of machines are expensive. That is why many are considering the possibility of assembling the machine with their own hands. Recommendations for carrying out the work are as follows:
Most attention is paid to the production of the copier. This is what distinguishes a lathe from a copying machine.
Creating a copier
The copier is used to produce similar products. Due to its use, the productivity indicator is significantly increased. Among the features associated with creating a copier, the following points are noted:
The template is made of plywood and is screwed to the front surface of the beam. The upper surface of the previously installed beam is aligned with the axis of the template.
Disadvantages of the device in question
A homemade copying machine has a fairly large number of significant disadvantages. An example is the following information:
That is why it is recommended to install industrial machines to establish the production of complex wooden elements.
Wood cutting machine Proma DSL-1200
The model in question is intended for processing wooden products that can be used as decorative elements. Experts call a distinctive feature of the design the presence of two incisors:
This machine model can be used to work with large workpieces. For this purpose, the structure is equipped with a structure that is mounted on rods that act as guides. The installed faceplate allows processing multi-faceted products.
Main characteristics of the model:
The disadvantage of this proposal, like many others, is the rather high cost.
Copy model CL-1201
To produce wood products, a machine model CL-1201 or CL-1500b can be used. The first version has very attractive performance characteristics:
In addition, the manufacturer paid quite a lot of attention to the degree of protection of the machine from exposure environment. For example, the engine has a protection system against overheating or overload, all electronic parts are also protected from moisture and dust.
The only but significant drawback is high price offers. Homemade design will cost several times less.
All photos from the article
A wood turning and copying machine is a machine that is widely used in factory woodworking for replicating products of a certain configuration that corresponds to a given sample. This equipment allows you to process any parts with high precision and speed. However, production machines with their large dimensions will be difficult to locate in a small private workshop.
Copying equipment in woodworking
Many carpentry enthusiasts, gradually expanding their tool base and improving their skills, come to the idea of assembling a wood copy lathe with their own hands. After all, with the help of this device it is possible to make an exact copy of any piece of furniture and carry out restoration work.
Note!
In most cases, of course, the main factor that encourages people to “reinvent the wheel” is the high price of a finished factory product.
The operating principle of a wood copying machine is quite simple:
- The workpiece of the required size is clamped in a horizontal position.
- Starting the device, forcing the workpiece to rotate around its axis.
- In turn, the movable cutter also removes excess wood, turning the blank into a product of the desired shape.
Structurally, the copying device for a wood lathe is whole line parts connected to each other, so there will be something to work on.
Personal assembly of equipment at home
Lathe
In order to assemble a small copying machine for wood with your own hands, you will need to make some effort and patience, as well as invest financially (about 7-7.5 thousand rubles). But this is several times less than the costs that await you if you purchase a ready-made option.
In order to make a copier for a wood lathe, you will need the following components that will be necessary in the manufacturing process:
- electric motor with a power of approximately 800W;
- metal shaft with a nozzle for changing the saw blade;
- metal profile of square section, metal corners;
- wooden sheet;
- furniture guides;
- metal marker;
- fastening materials.
- welding machine, grinder.
First you need to make metal guides.
They will allow you to move the entire copier structure in the longitudinal plane. In this case, two metal corners are used, which are turned over with the sharp side down. The corners are welded together into pieces metal profile.
This approach allows us to provide the necessary mechanical strength and eliminate the possibility of the guides bending under the weight of the copier. In practice, any other metal profile can be suitable for the manufacture of longitudinal guides, the main thing is that it mechanical parameters allowed to carry out the assigned tasks.
In this case, to make the base of the future copier, we used wooden box and board. The board is sized to allow movement inside the box in a perpendicular plane.
For fastening and subsequent movement, ordinary furniture guides are used.
The engine is attached to the board on top. In this case the power electric motor is 800W, and the speed is 3000 rpm. Depending on your needs, you can use a motor with other parameters.
Next, the shaft should be secured to the board at such a distance that the belt drive normally connects two pulleys, one of which is located at the end of the motor shaft, and the second on the horse shafts of the saw blade. A homemade shaft with one bearing is used here.
A U-shaped structure must be made from a square metal profile. In the upper part of the U-shaped structure, a special metal holder of square cross-section is welded to the horizontal bar. The length of the holder must be less than the length of the marker.
To secure the marker in the holder, holes are drilled on the top plate. A metal nut is welded onto each hole and a bolt is screwed into it. Two bolts will be enough for reliable fixation. The adjustable marker is very convenient when changing saw blades of different diameters.
Simply install the desired disk and use a plumb line to align the marker with the edge of the disk. The marker mount must correspond to the position of the saw blade in all planes. This allows you to simply move the marker along the prepared template to coaxially move the disk along the rotating workpiece.
The entire machine is assembled from two channels and metal corners for scabbard On which a motor is mounted that rotates a wooden piece. In this case, an electric motor with a power of 1200 W is used.
Can be used as a frame old frame from some other machine. For ease of operation, it is better to place the engine on a removable metal plate, which allows you to move the structure with the workpiece, both in the vertical and horizontal planes.
The headstock is made of four metal plates in the shape rectangular parallelepiped. Two nuts are welded into the end walls of the clamping head, into which a metal screw is screwed. A cone with a cartridge is installed at the end of the screw.
In cases where you need to eliminate the possibility of contamination of the surrounding space with sawdust from the operation of the machine or to minimize the percentage of contamination, you should make a hood.
The saw blade is covered with a metal casing, to which a flexible corrugated hose and a compressor unit are connected to create an air flow of a given power.
Video: making a copier for a wood lathe.