This type of water supply, which is typical for big city, is quite problematic in terms of arrangement on summer cottages and in the countryside. Plots are often remote from each other, and it is troublesome and expensive to make a single water supply. It is best to have your own well. This is its own source of water that will not let you down, and there will be enough water for all household needs. Of course, drilling a well can be entrusted to professionals in this field, however, wanting to save money, many are thinking about how to make a well with their own hands.
Features of the
The selection of the type of well depends on the depth of the water-bearing layer - 3-12 m - Abyssinian well, up to 50 m - sandy and up to 200 m - artesian well.
The first two options can be done independently, but the last one only with the help of a drilling rig.
- Abyssinian well - you need to choose a place remote from septic tanks and garbage, since the well is shallow, and harmful substances can get into the water. If there are no hard rocks in the soil, then you can drill a well near the house or in the basement of the building itself.
- Sand well - designed for deeper pumping of water from a sandy water-containing layer at a depth of 50 m.But the water must be checked for the content of organic and chemical compounds... To receive you need to clean water, a filter is placed at a depth, which must be cleaned from time to time.
- An artesian well is water from a limestone formation. With such a well, there will be enough water for several areas. You can do a joint, that is, save money and get your own water.
Before making a well, it is necessary to take into account the future volume of water consumption and the type of terrain.
Note! An artesian well is placed at a flow rate of more than 10 cubic meters, otherwise a sandy or Abyssinian well can be dispensed with.
Device
Equipment is required to drill a well. A shovel and pickaxe won't be enough. You will need specialized equipment for deep soil drilling.
In order to drill an artesian well, a special drilling rig is needed, and for smaller ones, a winch with a tripod is used. The winch will raise and lower the drilling tool, which is a core pipe, drill rod, drill string and drill.
Drilling works
First of all, a pit is dug (a pit, the size of which is 150x150 cm). In order for the walls not to crumble, they are lined with boards or other materials at hand. Or, using a conventional drill, a trunk is made, the depth of which is 1 m, and the diameter is 15-20 cm. This is necessary for the stable position of the pipe.
Place a tripod over the recess. It can be made of wood or metal, but it must be strong.
The winch is attached at the point where the logs are connected. The drill string is a rod of 1.5; 3 or 4 m, which are threaded into one pipe and fastened with clamps. In order to determine the diameter of the well and the core pipe, it is necessary to select a pump. It must be of such a size that it can freely enter the pipe, therefore its diameter must be 5 mm less than the inner diameter of the pipe.
The drilling equipment is used for drilling a well. When turning, the rods are hit on it with a chisel. It is convenient to do this work together - one turns the gas key, the other hits the bar, and the rock breaks through.
A winch will simplify this process — lowering and lifting equipment is easy. Marks must be made on the rod while drilling in order to clean the drill after 50-60 cm. To facilitate drilling, water is sometimes poured.
If moisture has appeared in the rock, then the aquifer has already been reached, but the aquifer must still be drilled out.
Note! Once the required formation is reached, drilling will become easy, but work must be continued until the drill hits hard rock again.
Arrangement
After the completion of drilling, the filter column is lowered into the well, which includes a settler, pipes and filters. A submersible pump sand filter can be used.
The space that remains behind the pipes is covered with rubble or sand. The level must be above the filter. At the same time, water is pumped into the pipe, whose upper end is sealed, with a conventional pump. This is how the annulus and the filter are washed, then the well is gelled. With the help of a thief (nozzle), the water is pumped out. This is done before receiving clear water no solids and sand better with a screw pump.
Then the pump is lowered into the well on a safety rope. Connected to the pump water pipe or hose.
The following parameters affect the pump power:
- well depth and debit;
- her distance from home;
- casing diameter.
Submersible pumps are used for wells over 9 meters deep. After the pump is immersed in the wellhead, a pipe is withdrawn, it is welded to the head of the caisson, which is located there. A valve is installed on the pipe, and when it is opened, water is pumped up. The same valve regulates the water supply. If the water supply rate is high, and the debit, on the contrary, then the water will quickly go away, the pump will run idle and deteriorate. The caisson must be connected to pipes that serve to supply water to the room. Pipes are laid in trenches, they are insulated and waterproofed, on the sides the caisson is covered with soil and a blind area is made.
Operation and care
The well requires constant maintenance and cleaning.
Note! If the water pressure began to fall, the water began to come out with air or impurities, then you need to clean it. If this is not done, the well will become silted up and a new one will have to be made.
Well blowing is carried out using a water or air compressor. This will save you from sand and silt. If such methods do not help, then more effective ones can be applied - short circuit or acid. But this is associated with a risk to the health and life of people. Without experience, you can simply destroy the well. To avoid troubles, it is better to use the services of specialists.
Video
If you are interested in how to equip a well, watch the following video:
Drilling a well for water may be required by owners of sites that do not have running water or a well, or the water in them is not potable.
The owners have to choose between an uncomfortable life without water and drilling a well. How to properly drill a well and get drinking water yourself, you will learn from this article.
Drilling technology
A water well is a serious hydraulic engineering facility, the efficiency and service life of which depend on the design and adherence to technology.
The first thing to do when drilling a hole in the ground under water is to determine the location of the future source of water. Drilling begins after the planning of the site.
The place is needed not only for the well itself, but also for the drilling rig and additional mechanisms, therefore, there must be an entrance to the future well. It is necessary to provide a place for the drain of industrial water.
Roughly for drilling the well under water, a flat area of 40-50 square meters will be required.
So that water transport equipment and a drilling rig can enter it, the width entrance gate must be at least 3 meters. Electric wires should not run over the drilling site.
According to building codes:
- the trunk must not be drilled closer than 3 meters from the house;
- nothing can be built over it;
- there must be an entrance for equipment.
The technology of drilling a well under water involves three types of work.
Destruction of rocks - destruction by various mechanisms is most often used.
In industry, the rock is destroyed mechanically, thermally or by explosive method, but when drilling wells under water in individual areas, the last two technologies are not used.
Digging - Mechanical and hydraulic methods can be used for this job.
With the hydraulic method, the soil from the well is lifted to the surface with a liquid under pressure: water or water-clay solution. When mechanical method use special equipment: drills, augers, bailers.
Strengthening the walls - it is not enough to drill a hole in the ground. To prevent its walls from crumbling, it will be necessary to arrange the trunk.
To fix the walls, a metal casing made of black steel, electrically welded or solid, is inserted into the hole.
Pipe sections can be connected by threaded connection or by welding. If it is assumed that water from the well will be drunk, then a galvanized pipe cannot be used.
The ideal option for pipes through which artesian water will pass is stainless steel, but this material is too expensive.
Nowadays, the most often used arrangement of wells for water using the double casing technology, when a liner from a plastic pipe made of HDPE or PVC is inserted into the main metal column.
This can significantly increase the life of the well.
Four ways to self-drill a well under water
The choice of drilling method depends on the technical and financial capabilities, as well as on the desired technical characteristics future hydrotechnical facility.
The screw method is suitable when you need to drill a shallow well in the area. Drilling is carried out by auger, the blades of which simultaneously destroy the soil and carry it up.
The auger is a device resembling a corkscrew in shape and mechanism of action. Its blades can be welded at right angles - in this case, they enter the soil at right angles and grind it before feeding it to the surface.
In this case, part of the soil may spill to the bottom and require additional extraction to the surface.
A more progressive way of drilling is when the blades are obliquely welded to the axis. Such auger enters the soil and takes it out without crushing and spilling.
Core method - use for drilling special tool in the form of a tube with a nozzle at the end, which is a columnar column with hard metal cutters.
The method is suitable if you have to drill hard rocky formations. In this case, the soil is first broken with a chisel, and then raised to the surface using a crown.
The tube rotates, sludge is clogged into it and is brought to the surface. The completely clogged tube is removed and cleaned of the rock by hitting it with a heavy sledgehammer.
In the process of drilling a well with the core method, water with a suspension of clay must be supplied into the hole - this protects the walls of the well from shedding.
The impact-rope method consists in the fact that the soil is first broken up with a heavy tool, and then removed with the help of a cutting-gripping device located at the end of the pipe.
This device is called a bailer. A two-meter tripod is placed over the place of the future well. A block is equipped on it, through which a cable is passed with a bailer attached to it.
If it is planned to construct a well with a length of less than 10 meters, then the construction of a tripod is optional.
But in any case, if the well is pierced with your own hands, then this device will facilitate the process, since when working with a tripod you do not need to apply a lot of physical strength.
Impact-rotary - in this case, drilling is accelerated due to the fact that the installation makes both impact and reverse advance.
The method is considered the most productive method for drilling channels under water in rocky soil.
Drilling a well under water with an ice screw
If you need to drill a shallow well under water with your own hands in an area with soft soil with minimal cost, then you can take a regular ice screw.
In the process of drilling, the tool is built up with homemade stocks. The blades of the ice screw replace the auger, and the rods can be hand-made from steel tubes with a diameter of 2.5 centimeters.
An ice screw is used to drill ice and frozen ground during winter fishing or mountaineering. A fishing ice screw is suitable for drilling land.
Ice drill is a lightweight tool with sharp knives... Him correct angle attacks, thanks to which knives easily bite into the ground.
It is quite possible for them to dig a shallow well under water or a hole for pillars on the site. The ice screw takes dry soil well, but gets stuck in wet soil. It is unsuitable for drilling clay.
To speed up the work, the cutters need to be welded to the edge of the blades of the ice screw. In addition to an ice screw and rods, casing pipes will be required to secure the hole shaft, a shovel and a cart for loading and removing soil from the site.
How to properly drill a hole in the ground with an ice screw with your own hands?
The work consists of the following stages:
- dig a hole with a shovel 40-50 centimeters deep;
- a drill is placed in the hole and, rotating, it is introduced into the ground according to the rule of tightening the screws;
- after making 3-4 turns, the tool is pulled out and manually cleaned from the ground;
- after driving the first meter, you need to start forming a channel for water, for this, a casing is lowered into the hole.
Advice: correct when the pipe diameter is slightly larger than the ice screw. When arranging a well with your own hands, it is better to use lungs plastic pipes, connected to each other using a threaded connection.
When the tool is fully underground, stop drilling and attach an extension to the drill (using a thread, braze, or steel bar pin).
Drill until the top 10 centimeters of the casing remain on the surface. The next segment is fixed on it.
When arranging the walls, they periodically check their verticality, leveling them with pieces of wood. The wedges are driven into the gap between the ground and the outer wall of the pipe.
Drilling continues until water appears in the well. After that, work is stopped, the tool is removed and the filter is put on.
Tip: the gap in the ground near the pipe must be covered with rubble.
The pipes can be inserted into the hole not during, but after drilling, but in this case, the well will have to be freed from the soil that has spilled down again.
Then the pipes are alternately lowered into the trunk and connected to each other after the next section of the pipe goes down.
Final work
You have drilled a well for water with your own hands, but this is only the first stage. Now you need to carry out the arrangement of your hydraulic structure.
The arrangement includes:
- installation of a caisson;
- starting the pump;
- installation of electrical equipment;
- laying of pipes for water.
Artesian well construction is mandatory, but if there is not enough funds, then this can be done a little later.
Arrangement is not needed if a decision is made to drill a small well on the site solely for watering the garden and other non-domestic needs.
The arrangement begins with the installation of a caisson. A head is made for the caisson, that is, soil is removed around the upper edge of the casing and the caisson is lowered to a depth of about two meters.
Thus, the hole from which the water will flow will be in the center of the caisson. The pipe is sealed to the inner edges of the caisson.
The installation of a caisson is needed to prevent flooding of the well groundwater... Without a caisson, the water at the mouth of the hole can freeze in winter.
What is the caisson device? The caisson can be made with your own hands from the segment regular pipe, the diameter of which is approximately one meter.
The wall thickness of the caisson should be about 4 millimeters. From the inside, the caisson is covered with an anti-corrosion compound, from the outside it is isolated from water, from above it should be closed with a lid.
The pipe through which the water rises comes out of the caisson - its upper end is below the freezing of the soil.
The well pump must supply water at sufficient pressure. A waterproof cable is mounted to the pump and a metal cable is attached for insurance.
The end of the cable is fixed to the casing head.
If you wish, you can install automatic controls with your own hands so as not to turn on the pump manually.
The pump control panel allows the device to automatically turn on and off depending on the pressure under which the accumulator is located.
Hydroaccumulator ( membrane tank) protects the pump motor from dry operation and from power surges.
Practice shows that it is quite labor-intensive to drill a hydro-well with your own hands, but it is possible.
If you do not have the means to hire drilling equipment and you have to do everything yourself, then you need to approach the matter responsibly - choose the right drilling option depending on the soil on the site, read the instructions.
But as a result, you will get high-quality water from a do-it-yourself hydrotechnical facility.
No country house can exist without a normal water supply. Carry water with you when visiting the cottage in weekend days? This option is not even considered, since it is unlikely to be enough even for household needs. Constantly annoying neighbors with requests to replenish their water supply? This is possible only for the time being, for the time being - there is a limit to all human patience ... A source of water will be all the more necessary if country house planned for a long or even permanent residence, and in the adjacent area there is a desire to plant some flowers or crops. Outputs - connect to the centralized water supply system (in most cases this is simply impossible or involves too high financial costs), or equip a source of autonomous water supply on your territory.
Video: surface construction of a well
All these issues will definitely be considered in a separate publication of our construction portal.
The desire to equip a water source on suburban area independently quite explicable from the point of view of reducing the cost of this event. However, before starting work or purchasing materials, you need to carefully weigh all the arguments "for" and "against" such a decision and make a decision yourself.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram location aquifers
- This is a necessary operation to roughly determine. You need to go around the surroundings, look through all the wells for their depth to water, the presence of natural reservoirs.
- When communicating with local residents, it is necessary to find out the approximate debit of wells and wells, if any, nearby, which will make it possible to judge the thickness of the aquifers.
- Determine the influence of the climatic conditions of the area on the level of liquid in wells and reservoirs, since during drought years, their complete drying out is possible.
- Pay attention to the presence near the site country toilets, baths, cesspools, cattle farms, warehouses or industries mineral fertilizers and other polluting factors.
- Roughly estimate the water demand for your site, taking into account household consumption and for irrigation needs.
- Seek help from local hydrogeological organizations about the possible depth of occurrence of artesian aquifers and the nature of the soils in the area.
- Conduct a primary search for nearby aquifers using the observation method and subject methods.
After analyzing the above factors, it will be possible with great certainty to determine which well is needed - it will be enough to have a top water made of sand, or you need to get to the depth of occurrence of calcareous aquifers with clean artesian water.
Well type selection
Considering all of the above factors, it is necessary to make a decision on further actions for water supply at the site. Possible options:
- construction of a well from the sandy horizon closest to the surface, while its depth can fluctuate within 5 - 15 meters, it can be pumped both with a pump and install a column. The expected quality of the liquid will allow it to be used for irrigation and irrigation, but for domestic use it will have to be at least boiled, and in a good way, it will have to be subjected to biological and chemical processing, as well as deferrization;
- drilling to a depth of artesian aquifer, which will allow you to get clean tasty water, the only open question it remains to check it for iron content and decide on its additional processing. The debit of artesian wells is many times greater than that of sand wells;
- labor intensity is much higher similar works on sandy, material consumption is as much more, but life cycle much more.
Choosing a way to drill a hole
Depending on the type of well adopted, a decision is made on the method of drilling during its construction. General construction works, the same for any method:
- Dig a pit measuring 1.5 x 1.5 x 2 meters (depth).
- Sheathe the walls with boards in order to avoid landslides from them.
Rotary tool drilling by hand
To drill a well with your own hands, many methods are suitable, up to a garden drill, usually special auger drills are used.
Fig. 2. Drilling a well with a screw auger From the center of the pit, the borehole of the future well is vertically drilled with a drill with a diameter of about 180 mm. At first, you need to carefully control the verticality. Excavation of soil is carried out by raising the tool to the surface, the soil is immediately removed from the pit. In such cycles, work continues until the appearance of damp soil. The drill rod is periodically extended along its length in sections of about 1.5 meters. The appearance of wet sand means approaching the aquifer.
At this time, you need to start the installation, otherwise the sand from the walls of the pit will not allow you to go deeper. The first section is equipped with a filter that allows fluid to pass through and retains sand. In addition, a "skirt" with a diameter of 30 - 40 mm larger than the diameter of the pipe is arranged in the lower part. Individual casing sections are connected by threaded couplings or welded with straightness control. The casing is lowered under its own weight, bringing down the sandy layer of water-bearing soil with its skirt, which is selected during further drilling. In addition, the skirt helps protect the strainer from damage when the casing is lowered.
Upon reaching the water-resistant layer, as evidenced by the appearance of red or brown-red clays in the excavated soil, drilling should be stopped for a while.
After 1 - 3 hours, check the presence of water in the well and its level. When it settles, the magnitude of the dynamic level will become clear. Now you need to install the pump and pump out the water until the lower level is stabilized - the static level of the well. Knowing the performance of the pump, it is easy to calculate how much water is taken from the well in a real period of time, that is, to determine the debit of the well. For shafts with a depth of 5 - 15 meters, this figure is about 0.5 - 1.5 m 3 / hour, which is quite enough for a suburban economy. If the achieved result is less than 0.5, then the aquifer is weak and drilling should be repeated in a different location.
When driving more than 5 meters above the pit, a tripod is installed, with the help of which the drill rod is removed, it becomes difficult to get it even together.
The gap between the wellbore and the casing should be backfilled with a gravel mixture of fine and medium fractions.
Hammer drilling
To perform this work, you will need the following equipment:
- An oil rig is a tripod made of medium-section logs or pipes up to 6 meters high, equipped with a block at the point where the racks join.
- The striker is a pipe about 1.5 meters long with a built-in special valve made of metal that allows the loosened soil to pass in one direction. At the rear end there is a wire loop made of 5 - 6 mm wire, one-piece. At the front end, it is advisable to cut the teeth and set as on a saw.
- Casing pipes - several sections (sometimes up to 50 and more) 1.5 - 2.0 meters long with threaded or butt ends for welding. A "skirt" is installed at the lower end of the first section. Its purpose is described in the previous chapter.
- Couplings.
- A garden drill with a diameter of 30 - 40 mm larger than the diameter of the casing.
- Manual or power cable winch.
The work is carried out in the following order:
- in the center of the pit, it is necessary to "drill", that is, make a hole up to 1.5 meters in size with a garden drill;
- install the drill tower tripod, position it so that the striker goes exactly in the center of the hole;
- install the first section of the casing pipe, equipped with a bailer and a skirt, inside the prepared hole, set it strictly vertically and fix it with temporary devices made of wood;
- attach the second casing section;
- lower the striker inside the casing, lift it by about a meter with a cable and release it to free fall, in this case, part of the soil will be loosened. Beating several times in succession will lead to filling the striker pipe with loosened soil, since the thief valve prevents it from pouring into the barrel;
- when the striker is deepened by about half a meter, it must be removed from the barrel and the soil removed through the upper hole, then beaten further.
As the hole deepens, the casing sags under its own weight, destroying the remaining soil with the sharp edge of the skirt, which is then removed with a striker.
Fig. 3 Scheme of percussion-rope drilling
When approaching the upper water layer, the excavated soil becomes wet, which requires taking precautions with respect to the casing - after installing the next section of the casing, a stopper must be installed on its upper part. It will not allow the upper edge of the pipe to fall below the level of the borehole inlet at the entrance to the "quicksand" - a sandy layer saturated with water, capable of freely passing the casing. Retrieving a collapsed column is always difficult, and often simply impossible.
After passing the first aquifer in the sand, you can continue punching the hole in the same way.
The next layer is dense water-insulating clay, often with inclusions of talus stony rocks. Heavy soils can be traversed with a chisel-tipped firing pin capable of breaking them. In this case, the rate of penetration decreases.
The appearance of limestone signs in the soil indicates the approach to the next aquifer - artesian. A good option- fractured limestone, abundantly saturated with water, which means the well will be with a high debit and tasty clean water... The occurrence of such layers can be expected from 35 meters. Ideally, you can get into the clear water of an underground river or lake. Often, water from such shafts comes to the surface under significant pressure and gushes. In this case, you need to have a special plug at the ready.
The casing pipe is lowered all the way and the well is being completed.
Drilling with a pump
The method consists in erosion of the soil inside the casing, as a result of which it sinks under its own weight. The skirt on the first section does not allow the slurry flow to significantly extend beyond the borehole.
To complete the work you will need:
- injection pump;
- slurry pump, a special design device capable of pumping heavy and contaminated substances.
- capacity for 2-3 cubic meters of water with a pressure pump;
- hose with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm with a metal tip about 1 meter long.
Fig. 4. Drilling with soil washout using a pump The order of work is as follows:
- After installing the casing in the drilled hole, the pit is closed by a wooden shield with the possibility of access to the casing from above.
- A "dirty" pump with a water intake hose is installed on the shield.
- Lower the hose with the tip into the casing and turn on the injection pump. The flow of liquid erodes the soil, and it rises through the casing into the pit. At the same time, the casing sinks, sinking into the ground.
Upon reaching the aquifer, flushing is stopped and then the well is completed.
conclusions
Familiarization with the given data allows you to understand that:
- You can do the work yourself, but you can hardly do without help.
- It is necessary not only not to be ashamed to ask questions, but also to persistently collect any available information and advice from experienced, they will certainly come in handy at all stages.
Now you know how to drill a well with your own hands, good luck!
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B budget manufacturing option autonomous source water supply is a well with your own hands without equipment for several existing technologies... This refers to ways that allow you to do without renting a drilling rig. However, some equipment and tools are still required by the DIYer.
Making a well without equipment with your own hands
Purpose, device nuances
In comparison with the well, the well has a smaller size, allowing you to save the working space of the site. The mouth of the source is sealed much easier; sediments and dirt do not get inside. There is no need to remove a large amount of soil, take it out of the construction site.
A well is being built with your own hands without equipment in several ways:
- by eroding the soil with water;
- extraction of rock with auger hand drill;
- or a homemade bailer.
- casing - usually made from polyethylene pipes, in the lower part is perforated with slots or round holes, or a factory, home-made filter is connected to the bottom;
- rinsing - usually 2 - 3 buckets are pumped out very dirty water, then comes 1 - 2 cubes of liquid with sand, after which the quality is normalized;
The advantages of the method:
- low construction budget - purchase of a drill + production of rods with locks for extension;
- penetration rate - the auger is an Archimedes screw, along which the soil moves up independently.
When choosing a drill with replaceable blades, labor costs are dramatically increased. After a few turns, the tool must be lifted to shake off the rock. In any case, a home craftsman can do without helpers. The disadvantages of the technology are:
- complex vertical positioning;
- numerous descents / ascents.
Tool diameter hand drills limited to 40 cm, if desired, you can find 50 cm augers, which are produced by 3 - 4 manufacturers of the Russian Federation. This sharply limits the diameter of the casing, allowing low-power submersible pumps to be lowered into it.
Helpful advice! As soon as the drill reaches the aquifer, the soil ceases to linger on the auger, blades. Further drilling is carried out by flushing, for which water is supplied to the bottomhole under pressure.
Abyssinian borehole-needle
There is a method of building a water intake source without excavation. The hole in the ground is made by compacting the adjacent rocks by hammering a small diameter pipe. That is, the working tool, after reaching the aquifer, simply becomes a casing string.
Therefore all necessary equipment mounted on the pipe before driving:
- the cone - slightly larger in diameter than the pipe, so that the compacted soil does not damage the equipment installed above it, is made from steel bar on or forging equipment;
- filter - the pipe is perforated with round holes, wrapped on top with wire or V-shaped mesh;
- pipe - 1 - 1.5 m, builds up as the column is immersed with threaded or welded joints.
A needle well is made by hand without equipment, but a special tool is needed - a grandmother. An Abyssinian well does not need a tripod, auger, or a flush pump. However, the impact penetration with a sledgehammer flattens upper part pipes, therefore a different scheme is applied:
- a traveling block is attached to the very top of the pipe with clamps;
- ropes / cables are attached to the headstock, thrown over the pulleys of the block on different sides.
After that, one or two workers simultaneously lift the headstock up to the traveling block, release the cable. The headstock hits the site, the pipe is driven into the ground, the operation is repeated until the site is near the ground. Then the pipe is built up, the chimney and traveling block are raised higher.
Despite the low construction budget (5-7 thousand rubles), the technology has some disadvantages:
- difficulties in finding a headstock, a support platform or making these devices with your own hands;
- polymer pipes cannot be used when percussion drilling, steel pipe has less resource.
Helpful advice! If necessary, you can fix the podbabok with clamps on the pipe, pull out the column with jacks to clean or replace the filter, check valve.
Bailer drilling
In addition to the listed methods, a well can be made with your own hands without equipment using the bailer method, which is also called percussion rope drilling.
For this, a sequence of operations is used:
- a tripod - 1.5 - 2 m high, is mounted on the mouth, a traveling block is fixed in the upper part;
- drilling - the bailer is lifted by a cable to the traveling block, released, falls to the ground, filled with rock, after the extraction of the earth, the operation is repeated.
The bailer is made of a pipe, the lower edge of which is sharpened (chamfer) or has teeth for breaking the formation. A round plug is installed inside the hinge to the size of the inner diameter of the pipe. When hitting the ground, the plug opens on a hinge; when removed, it closes under the weight of the soil that has accumulated inside.
