Hello! please help me figure it out. Our HOA has replaced the management company. The new Criminal Code charges us for hot water, referring to the methodology from Resolution P No. 354.. The payment for hot water supply in our receipts is divided into two parts: individual consumption and single consumption and consists of 2 lines: cold water supply and heating. There are no problems with the first line in individual consumption... there is the volume (according to the meter in the apartment) and the tariff... but they calculate heating (i.e. the number of Kcal for heating) based on the general house water consumption (according to the house meter) and calculate the share of my calories based on the volume of chemical waste according to my counter. Calories turn out to be 0.74 (for my 6 cubic meters) and the fee in the individual consumption line in the new receipts has doubled. The previous company calculated it more simply; they simply took my CW consumption on the meter and multiplied it by the approved standard for heating 1 cubic meter of water, 0.0615. and the difference between the general house consumption and the amount according to the residents’ meters was distributed in the ODN part in proportion to the area. In the new receipts, the cellar with ODN is reset to zero... that is, as I understand it, new company He calculates everything for us together without separating the general house needs and the intra-apartment needs... or am I mistaken?
I reviewed Resolution 354.. and did not find the formula by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized water supply ( open circuit).. help me figure it out.. are the actions of the new Criminal Code legal? Thank you!
Hello, Natalia!
To begin with, as our President Vladimir Putin likes to say, “let’s separate the flies from the cutlets: the flies are separate, the cutlets are separate!”
In our case, the “cutlets” will be the hot water supply (DHW) scheme for your home, and the “flies” will be what the new Criminal Code considers and how. We will deal with the “flies” second.
First, we will deal with the “cutlets”:
Please specify:
At the beginning of the letter you write: “... The payment for hot water supply in our receipts... consists of 2 lines: HWA and heating...”.
As far as I know and understand the heat and power industry of housing and communal services, such a division of payments for hot water supply is used in a CLOSED heat supply system - in which two heat supply (heating) pipelines (direct and return) go from your quarterly boiler house (or from the combined heat and power plant), and the water for hot water supply is heated partly heating water in water heaters (boilers) located in each house (or group of houses).
Do you have a hot water boiler in your home?
Regarding payment for hot water supply in a CLOSED heat supply system: regulatory and technical documents allow two methods of calculating and paying for hot water supply, depending on which method is more suitable for the specific conditions of the city, on the settlement system adopted in the city between house management companies, Teploenergo and Vodokanal, or which was more “liked” by the authorities and accountants.
First:
the payment is taken under the item “hot water supply”, which includes the amount of payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler to heat water, plus payment for cold water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in the boiler and consumed by residents. Then this payment from all residents, received by the house management company, is divided by the accounting department between Teploenergo and Vodokanal according to the rules known to them.
Second:
the fee is taken under two headings:
- “hot water supply” is a payment for heat received from the boiler room and spent in the boiler to heat water. As a rule, this money goes directly to Teploenergo without any “shrinkage or waste” in the management company;
- “cold water for hot water supply” - payment for water supplied by Vodokanal and then heated in a boiler and consumed by residents. As a rule, this money goes directly to Vodokanal without any “shrinkage or waste” in the management company.
If a fee for “cold water for hot water supply” has appeared, then the fee for “hot water supply” should be reduced by the same amount.
However, at the end of the letter you write: “... I did not find in Resolution No. 354... a formula by which hot water supply should be calculated in apartment buildings with centralized hot water supply (open scheme)”
OPEN DHW system is a system where water is used for purposes DHW heating It is collected in the boiler room (CHP), goes through a separate pipeline and is then distributed to the water taps of the MKD. In this case, the payment for hot water supply is determined in accordance with paragraphs 1 (for an apartment equipped with an individual meter) and 10, 13 (for one unit in a building with a common meter) of Appendix 2 “Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services” of Resolution No. 354.
What kind of hot water system is in your house - CLOSED or OPEN?
Natalia! Let's move on to the "flies".
Unfortunately, based on the figures and reasoning you presented, without having before your eyes (in your hands) the texts of your letter to the Criminal Code demanding to provide you with written explanations on the problem with calculating the payment for hot water supply and the corresponding responses from the Criminal Code, it is very difficult to give you an intelligible answer.
If you did not write such a letter, demand that the Criminal Code provide you with explanations on the basis of which documents the calculations were made, indicating their names, articles and items, including calculations using the forms of the corresponding items 1, 10, 13 (or others, according to who made the calculations?) Appendix 2 “Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services” of Resolution No. 354.
In your letter, refer to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, “Standard for the disclosure of information by organizations operating in the field of management of apartment buildings” (approved by the Post. Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2010 No. 731), as well as to paragraph 31 of the “Rules for the provision utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings"(approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of May 6, 2011):
“...31. The performer is obliged:
...e) carry out DIRECTLY UPON THE CONSUMER'S APPLICATION, check the correctness of the calculation of the amount of utility fees presented to the consumer for payment, the consumer's debt or overpayment for utilities, ... and immediately, based on the results of the check, issue the consumer documents containing correctly calculated payments. Documents issued to the consumer at his request must be certified by the signature of the manager and the seal of the contractor.”
The course of our further considerations and actions will depend on your answers.
Good luck with paying for hot water!
answer from Kalnin Yuri
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Uv. Yuri, hello! Thanks for your reply. There are no boilers in our house. In our entire Avtozavodsky district open system hot water supply. And in many companies, hot water supply is divided into two lines: cold water supply and heating. (my mother lives in the next block, 9th floor. MKD they have hot water supply in one line.. tariff 109./83 r\m3) reply from Natalia Hello, Natalia! I understood this: Avtozavodskoy district is a district of Tolyatti?, since from the cities you mentioned. Samara and Togliatti The Avtozavodskoy district exists only in Togliatti. From pleasant memories Let's get down to business about youth. I'm still looking into your numbers. For some reason I just can’t “get into” the “methodology” of the chairman of the board of your HOA. She's kind of clever. It would be nice to have a payment document (invoice) in front of you. Please use in letters only generally accepted wording and abbreviations of technical values used in laws and regulations on housing and communal services. I will also get acquainted with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2012 No. 1149, mentioned by you, the tariffs of the Tevis heat and power company, the order of the Ministry of the Samara Region No. 418 and other documents of the housing and communal services of the city of Tolyatti. I know the following document: “ Guidelines(MR) for the calculation and collection of payments from the population for housing and communal services" Gosstroy, LLC "Scientific Consulting Center for Housing and Communal Services" ("NCC Housing and Communal Services") Moscow 2003, and in it clause 3.3 "Heating and hot water supply". Natalia! Do you consider it appropriate and convenient to continue the exchange of information and consultations on hot water supply (and on other housing and communal services issues) by email? addresses? If you kindly ask the administration of this site (E-mail [email protected]) give me your email. address, I will answer you and you will have my address - it will be more convenient than asking and answering questions about housing and communal services in Russia. And I repeat my opinion once again - if you want to succeed, everything business conversation contact housing and communal services and authorities in writing(or by email). answer from Kalnin Yuri |
Many people, when paying for utility services, are surprised to see the phrase “water heating” on the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, if available centralized system water supply must be paid according to a two-part tariff.
Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: use cold water and thermal energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and thermal energy. That is why a column appeared on receipts indicating the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating fees are charged illegally and write complaints to housing and communal services. To ensure the legality of this type of charge, you should learn more about this service.
The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. Risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not previously taken into account in calculations of utility bills. Since heating fees can only be charged during the heating season, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid for as a utility service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.
Equipment
If your water heater fails, your hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized employees of the management organization are required to repair the equipment urgently. But since repairs require payment, residents must still pay this amount. Although the heating bill will remain the same, the cost of repairs and maintenance of the property will increase. This is explained by the fact that water heating devices are part of the property of homeowners.
As for non-standard situations, when, for example, part of the apartments in a multi-storey building has access to hot water, and the second only to cold water, issues regarding payment for heating are resolved in individually. As practice shows, residents are often required to pay for common property that they do not use.
Thermal energy component
If the calculation of payment for cold water is quite simple (it is carried out on the basis of the established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.
The amount to pay for a service such as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:
- established tariff for thermal energy;
- expenses required to maintain a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points where water is heated);
- cost of thermal energy loss in pipelines;
- expenses necessary for transportation hot water.
Payment for utility services for hot water supply is calculated taking into account the volume of water used, which is measured in m3.
As a rule, the amount of required thermal energy is determined on the basis of general house values, which are shown by hot water meters and consumed thermal energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the used volume of water (determined by the meter) by the specific heat energy consumption. The energy volume is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount required to pay for what is written on the receipt as “water heating”.
How to calculate it yourself in 2018-2019
Water heating is one of the most expensive utilities. This is explained by the fact that when heating it is necessary to use special equipment operating from the mains. To make sure that the receipt shows the correct amount to be paid, you can do the calculations yourself and compare the resulting value with the amount indicated on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for thermal energy established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:
- If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of thermal energy based on its indicator.
- If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on established standard indicators (established by an energy saving organization).
If there is a general heat energy consumption meter in a residential building and individual meters installed in apartments, the amount charged for heating is calculated based on the readings common device accounting and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If such a device is not available, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard energy consumption for heating 1 m 3 of water in the reporting month and the readings individual counter water.
Where to write a complaint
If the legality of the additional line “water heating” in receipts is in question, in order not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the apartment building premises. In the absence of such a decision, you should write a complaint to the State Housing Inspectorate. After filing a complaint with the Criminal Code, you must be provided with an answer with explanations within thirty days. If you refuse to justify why such a service is indicated in the receipt, you should file a complaint with the prosecutor's office with a claim in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated in the receipt, the basis for the claim will be Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. If a refund is not required, but you must pay for services that are not provided to you, file a claim to exclude the “water heating” line. In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law “On Protection of Consumer Rights”.
What is Gcal? Everything is very simple. The value of Gcal/hour itself tells us that this is the amount of heat generated, released or received by the consumer in 1 hour. Therefore, if we want to find out the number of Gcal per day, we multiply by 24, per month - by another 30 or 31, depending on the number of days in the billing period.
And now the most interesting thing - why will we convert Gcal/hour to Gcal
?
Let's start with the fact that Gcal is the value that we most often see in the receipt for payment for housing and communal services.
The heating supply organization, through simple calculations, determined how much money it needs to receive by giving us 1 Gcal to compensate for its costs of gas, electricity, rent, payments to its workers, the cost of spare parts, taxes to the state (by the way, they are almost 50% of the cost of 1 Gcal) and at the same time have a small profit. We will not touch on this side of the issue now, You can argue about tariffs as much as you like , and always any of the disputing parties is right in its own way. This is a market, and in the market, as they said under the communists, there are two fools - and each of them is trying to deceive the other.
The main thing for us how to touch and count this Gcal. The dry rule is that a calorie, which is 1000 million parts of Gcal, is a unit of work or energy equal to the amount of heat required to heat 1 gram of water by 1 degree at atmospheric pressure 101,325 Pa (1 atm = 1 kgf/cm2 or roughly = 0.1 MPa).
Most often we come across - gigacalorie (Gcal)(10 to the ninth power of calories), sometimes incorrectly called hecocalories. Do not confuse it with HectoCal - we practically never hear about HectoCal except in textbooks.
This is the ratio of Kal and Gcal to each other.
1 Cal
1 hectocal = 100 cal
1 kilocal (kcal) = 1000 cal
1 megaCal (Mcal) = 1000 kcal = 1000000 Cal
1 gigaCal (Gcal) = 1000 Mcal = 1000000 kcal = 1000000000 Cal
When, speaking or writing on receipts, Gcal– we are talking about how much heat was released to you or will be released for the entire period – this could be a day, a month, a year, heating season etc.
When they say or write Gcal/hour- it means, . If the calculation is for a month, then we multiply these ill-fated Gcal by the number of hours per day (24 if there were no interruptions in heat supply) and days per month (for example, 30), but also when we actually received heat.
Now how to calculate this one gigacalorie or hecocalorie (Gcal) allotted to you personally.
To do this we need to know:
- temperature at the supply (supply pipeline of the heating network) - average value per hour;
- temperature on the return line (return pipeline of the heating network) - also average per hour.
— coolant consumption in the heating system for the same period of time.
We calculate the temperature difference between what came to our house and what returned from us heating network.
For example: 70 degrees came, we returned 50 degrees, we have 20 degrees left.
And we also need to know the water flow in the heating system.
If you have a heat meter, look for the value on the screen in t/hour. By the way, with a good heat meter, you can immediately find Gcal/hour- or, as they sometimes say, instantaneous consumption, then you don’t need to count, just multiply it by hours and days and get heat in Gcal for the range you need.
True, this will also be approximately, as if the heat meter itself counts for each hour and stores it in its archive, where you can always look at them. Average hourly archives are stored for 45 days, and menstruation for up to three years. Indications in Gcal can always be found and checked by the management company or.
But what if there is no heat meter? You have an agreement, there are always these ill-fated Gcal. Using them we calculate the consumption in t/hour.
For example, the contract states that the permitted maximum heat consumption is 0.15 Gcal/hour. It may be written differently, but Gcal/hour will always be there.
We multiply 0.15 by 1000 and divide by the temperature difference from the same contract. You will have a temperature schedule indicated - for example, 95/70 or 115/70 or 130/70 with a cut at 115, etc.
0.15 x 1000/(95-70) = 6 tons/hour, these are the 6 tons per hour that we need, this is our planned pumping (coolant flow) to which we must strive in order to avoid overheating and underheating (unless of course in the contract you were correctly indicated the value of Gcal/hour)
And, finally, we count the heat received earlier - 20 degrees (the temperature difference between what came into our house and what returned from us to the heating network), multiplied by the planned pumping (6 t/hour) we get 20 x 6/1000 = 0.12 Gcal/hour.
This amount of heat in Gcal released to the entire house will be calculated for you personally Management Company, this is usually done based on the ratio of the total area of the apartment to the heated area of the entire house; I will write more about this in another article.
The method we described is of course crude, but for each hour this method is possible, just keep in mind that some heat meters average flow rates over different periods of time from several seconds to 10 minutes. If the water consumption changes, for example, who dispenses the water, or you have weather-sensitive automation, the readings in Gcal may differ slightly from those you received. But this is on the conscience of the heat meter developers.
And one more small note, value of consumed thermal energy (amount of heat) on your heat meter(heat meter, heat quantity calculator) can be displayed in various units of measurement - Gcal, GJ, MWh, kWh. I present the ratio of the units of Gcal, J and kW for you in the table: And it’s even better, more accurate and easier if you use a calculator to convert energy units from Gcal to J or kW.
By order of the Committee on Tariffs and Prices of the Moscow Region dated December 13, 2014 No. 149-R “On setting tariffs for hot water for 2015”, a two-component tariff for hot water was approved on the basis of Resolution of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2013 No. 406 “On state regulation of tariffs in in the field of water supply and sanitation." The procedure for calculating and paying fees for utility services is defined in the Rules for the provision of utility services, approved by Government Decree Russian Federation No. 354. Accordingly, the calculation procedure for payment for hot water has been changed. Now the fee for 1 cubic meter of hot water consists of two components:
First- fee for 1 cubic meter of cold water.
Second- payment for thermal energy that was spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water.
The cold water component is the volume of cold water (CW) for hot water supply needs. If there are individual metering devices (meters), this component is determined - according to the readings of the hot water metering device (DHW), in the absence of an individual metering device - according to the standard, i.e. 3.5 cubic meters per 1 person. per month.
From January 1, 2015, residents apartment buildings in the city of Lyubertsy, which are equipped with common house metering devices, charges for payment for hot water are made according to a two-component tariff: the cold water component for DHW and the thermal energy component for DHW.
Payment for hot water for residents of the house must also be made according to a two-part tariff. The house is equipped with common house hot water metering devices. Payment for hot water from 07/01/2015 must be calculated according to the current two-component tariff: the cold water component for DHW (at a tariff of 33.28 rubles / cubic meter) and the thermal energy (TE) component for DHW at a tariff of 2141.46 rubles ./Gcal.
In receipts for payment for housing and communal services from July 1, 2015, “Hot water supply” is indicated in two lines:
Cold water supply for hot water supply - the volume of cold water (CW water supply) for hot water supply needs;
TE for hot water supply - thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water.
The readings of a common house meter - the amount of hot water for the current month and the amount of thermal energy consumed in the current month for circulation and heating of the specified amount of water are shown on back side receipts, for example, are as follows:
1089.079 cu.m. m. - PV for hot water supply (physical water for hot water supply);
110.732 Gcal. - TE for hot water supply (thermal energy for hot water supply).
The actual amount of thermal energy that is spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water for a home is determined based on the total volume of thermal energy to the total volume of hot water for the current month, which is:
= TE for DHW / PV for DHW = 110.732 Gcal. / 1089.079 cu.m. m. = 0.1017 Gcal/cub.m
then, the actual cost of thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of water in the current month will be:
0.1017 Gcal/cub.m x 2141.46 rub. for 1 Gcal. = 217.79 rub.
Please note that the amount of thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water in each billing month may differ, because is a calculated value and depends on the amount (volume) of hot water consumed by the house in the current month and the amount of thermal energy spent on circulating and heating this volume. Every month, these readings are taken from the general house heat meter and transferred to the heat supply organization and at the same time recorded on the back of the receipt for each current month.
Most of all, during the frosty winter months, all people look forward to the New Year, and least of all, heating bills. They are especially disliked by residents of apartment buildings, who themselves do not have the ability to control the amount of incoming heat, and often the bills for it turn out to be simply fantastic. In most cases, in such documents the unit of measurement is Gcal, which stands for “gigacalorie”. Let's find out what it is, how to calculate gigacalories and convert to other units.
What is a calorie?
Supporters healthy eating or those who closely monitor their weight are familiar with the concept of a calorie. This word means the amount of energy obtained as a result of the body processing the food eaten, which must be used, otherwise the person will begin to gain weight.
Paradoxically, the same value is used to measure the amount of thermal energy used to heat rooms.
As an abbreviation, this value is designated as “cal”, or in English cal.
In the metric system of measurements, the equivalent of a calorie is the joule. So, 1 cal = 4.2 J.
The importance of calories for human life
In addition to developing various weight loss diets, this unit is used to measure energy, work and heat. In this regard, such concepts as “calorie content” are common - that is, the heat of combustible fuel.
In most developed countries, when calculating heating, people no longer pay for the number of cubic meters of gas consumed (if it is gas), but precisely for its calorie content. In other words, the consumer pays for the quality of the fuel used: the higher it is, the less gas will have to be used for heating. This practice reduces the possibility of diluting the substance used with other, cheaper and lower calorie compounds.
What is a gigacalorie and how many calories are in it?
As is clear from the definition, the size of 1 calorie is small. For this reason, it is not used to calculate large quantities, especially in the energy sector. Instead, the concept of gigacalorie is used. This is a value equal to 10 9 calories, and it is written as the abbreviation “Gcal”. It turns out that there are one billion calories in one gigacalorie.
In addition to this value, a slightly smaller one is sometimes used - Kcal (kilocalorie). It holds 1000 cal. Thus, we can consider that one gigacalorie is a million kilocalories.
It's worth keeping in mind that sometimes a kilocalorie is written simply as "feces." Because of this, confusion arises, and some sources indicate that there are 1,000,000 calories in 1 Gcal, although in reality we are talking about 1,000,000 Kcal.
Hecacalorie and gigacalorie
In energy, in most cases the Gcal is used as a unit of measurement, but it is often confused with such a concept as “hecacalorie” (also known as hectocalorie).
In this regard, the abbreviation “Gcal” is interpreted by some people as “hecacalorie” or “hectocalorie”. However, this is wrong. In fact, the above-mentioned units of measurement do not exist, and their use in speech is the result of illiteracy, and nothing more.
Gigacalorie and gigacalorie/hour: what is the difference
In addition to the fictitious value in question, receipts sometimes contain an abbreviation such as “Gcal/hour.” What does it mean and how does it differ from the usual gigacalorie?
This unit of measurement shows how much energy was used in one hour.
While just a gigacalorie is a measurement of heat consumed over an indefinite period of time. It depends only on the consumer what time frame will be indicated in this category.
The abbreviation Gcal/m3 is much less common. It means how many gigacalories need to be used to heat one cubic meter of a substance.
Gigacalorie formula
Having considered the definition of the value being studied, it is worth finally finding out how to calculate how many gigacalories are used to heat a room during the heating season.
For especially lazy people on the Internet, there are a lot of online resources where specially programmed calculators are presented. All you have to do is enter your numerical data - and they themselves will calculate the number of gigacalories consumed.
However, it would be nice to be able to do this yourself. There are several formula options for this. The simplest and most understandable among them is the following:
Thermal energy (Gcal/hour) = (M 1 x (T 1 -T xv)) - (M 2 x (T 2 -T xv)) /1000, where:
- M 1 is the mass of the heat transfer substance that is supplied through the pipeline. Measured in tons.
- M 2 is the mass of the heat transfer substance returning through the pipeline.
- T 1 - coolant temperature in the supply pipeline, measured in Celsius.
- T 2 - temperature of the coolant returning back.
- Тхв - temperature of the cold source (water). Usually equal to five because that's what it is minimum temperature water in the pipeline.
Why do housing and communal services overestimate the amount of energy spent when paying for heating?
When making your own calculations, it is worth noting that housing and communal services slightly overestimate the standards for thermal energy consumption. The idea that they are trying to earn extra money from this is wrong. After all, the cost of 1 Gcal already includes maintenance, salaries, taxes, and additional profit. This “surcharge” is due to the fact that when hot liquid is transported through a pipeline in the cold season, it tends to cool down, that is, inevitable heat loss occurs.
In numbers it looks like this. According to regulations, the temperature of water in heating pipes must be at least +55 °C. And if we take into account that the minimum temperature of water in power systems is +5 °C, then it must be heated by 50 degrees. It turns out that 0.05 Gcal is used for each cubic meter. However, in order to compensate for heat loss, this coefficient is inflated to 0.059 Gcal.
Convert Gcal to kW/hour
Thermal energy can be measured in various units, but in official documentation from housing and communal services it is calculated in Gcal. Therefore, it is worth knowing how to convert other units to gigacalories.
The easiest way to do this is when the relationships between these quantities are known. For example, it is worth considering watts (W), in which the energy output of most boilers or heaters is measured.
Before considering the conversion to this Gcal value, it is worth remembering that, like a calorie, a watt is small. Therefore, kW (1 kilowatt equals 1000 watts) or mW (1 megawatt equals 1000,000 watts) are more often used.
In addition, it is important to remember that power is measured in W (kW, mW), but to calculate the amount of electricity consumed/produced, it is used. In this regard, it is not the conversion of gigacalories to kilowatts that is considered, but the conversion of Gcal to kW/h.
How to do this? In order not to suffer with formulas, it is worth remembering the “magic” number 1163. This is exactly how many kilowatts of energy must be spent in an hour to get one gigacalorie. In practice, when converting from one unit of measurement to another, you simply need to multiply the number of Gcal by 1163.
For example, let's convert into kW/hour 0.05 Gcal required to heat one cubic meter of water by 50 °C. It turns out: 0.05 x 1163 = 58.15 kW/hour. These calculations will especially help those who are thinking about changing gas heating to more environmentally friendly and economical electric.
If we are talking about huge volumes, we can convert it not into kilowatts, but into megawatts. In this case, you need to multiply not by 1163, but by 1.163, since 1 mW = 1000 kW. Or simply divide the result obtained in kilowatts by a thousand.
Conversion to Gcal
Sometimes it is necessary to carry out the reverse process, that is, to calculate how many Gcal are contained in one kW/hour.
When converting to gigacalories, the number of kilowatt-hours must be multiplied by another “magic” number - 0.00086.
The correctness of this can be verified by taking the data from the previous example.
So, it was calculated that 0.05 Gcal = 58.15 kW/hour. Now it’s worth taking this result and multiplying it by 0.00086: 58.15 x 0.00086 = 0.050009. Despite the slight difference, it almost completely coincides with the original data.
As in previous calculations, it is necessary to take into account the fact that when working with particularly large volumes of substances, it will be necessary to convert not kilowatts, but megawatts into gigacalories.
How is this done? In this case, again you need to take into account that 1 mW = 1000 kW. Based on this, in the “magic” number the decimal point is moved by three zeros, and voila, it turns out to be 0.86. It is by this that you need to multiply to make the translation.
By the way, a small discrepancy in the answers is due to the fact that the coefficient 0.86 is a rounded version of the number 0.859845. Of course, for more accurate calculations it is worth using it. However, if we are talking only about the amount of energy used to heat an apartment or house, it is better to simplify.