Found on the Internet without the author's signature:
"IN road construction liquid glass did not become widespread, with the exception of the construction of experimental sites, as well as the silicating of crushed stone roads by the method of impregnation and surface treatment. The reason is the low frost resistance of silicated ones, as well as inconvenience in work due to the quick setting and hardening of a mixture of soil with silicate. At the same time, the experience of the engineering troops of the advancing Soviet army in 1944 showed the advantages of silicating temporary dirt and crushed stone roads: when bypassing roads mined and blown up by retreating Nazi troops, rapid strengthening of the soil with the help of shovels and garden watering cans gave excellent results. "From the book by V. D. Glukhovsky "Soil silicates":
"Construction of highways on a liquid glass binder with inert aggregates (limestone, dolomite, quartzite, sandstone, granite) is based on the ability liquid glass to form solid monolithic masses with aggregates.The work carried out in this direction in various countries, in some cases, gave positive results, and in others negative. In Italy, and especially in France, thousands of kilometers of silicated highways have been built. Germany has not achieved positive results in this matter.
In our country, works on road silicating were carried out by V.M.Shalfeev and gave satisfactory results.
The construction of such roads can be carried out by the silicate concrete method or by the impregnation method.
During the construction by the method of silicate concrete, the working mixture, consisting of coarse aggregate, seedings and liquid glass, after thorough mixing, is laid in a layer of 10 cm and compacted with rollers. After 24 hours, the mass acquires sufficient strength and transport can move along it. "
From my experience with liquid glass I will say that apparently liquid glass alone is not enough. I made paints based on liquid glass. About a tenth rain washed them off the facades. Missing in this description of some component that increases moisture resistance.
At the same Glukhovsky, when strengthening soils, a salt solution is additionally (not expensive) used. What salt is needed, he does not say. Other sources speak of potassium salt, but do not indicate which potassium or sodium liquid glass is used. Also at Glukhovsky, to increase the water resistance of building blocks made of soil silicate, impregnation in a saline solution is recommended after molding. The book is disgustingly written, information has to be collected bit by bit from different chapters and still much remains incomprehensible. It seems that the car is deliberately trying to confuse everything.
At the same time, Glukhovsky asserts: "Such roads are cheaper than concrete and roads with other types of crushed stone. They are one and a half to two times more durable than asphalt and concrete, and are also more wear-resistant, water- and frost-resistant.
Why am I so preoccupied with the topic? After I screwed up with paint on liquid glass, I stopped using it in production and about a ton of liquid soda glass hung in my warehouse. It has been worth seven years already.
And at the dacha there are many places where I would gladly strengthen the access roads. Can someone tell me the technology. I would be very grateful. Otherwise, the experiments may drag on. You cannot immediately evaluate the result, you need to wait a year or two.
Maybe the soil is mixed with liquid glass, laid, and then watered with a salt solution. From garden watering cans the Red Army used to watered the roads in 1944. If the liquid glass is sodium, then, apparently, sodium salt NaCl is common table salt.
Here's another from Glukhovsky: "Liquid glass is used to repair the surface parts of concrete structures. In this case, a layer of liquid glass with a module of 3.3-3.4 is applied to the damaged area moistened with water, which is sprinkled with cement powder. the mixture hardens quickly with alkaline silicate. "
Road construction: soil stabilization technology when applied modern materials and construction methods
This technology is a replacement for traditional crushed stone and concrete bases stabilized soil. This base can be operated both independently, without applying a layer of asphalt, and together with it. Construction can be carried out with or without displacement of soil (injection different pressure), using the soil located at the place of work.
In Europe, this technology is used in underground work and road construction: the construction of tunnels, subways, roads, parking areas, highways, airfields, canals and pipeline trenches, as well as the construction of dams and artificial reservoirs, ports, reservoirs (sealing and sealing). In addition, the technology is applicable in the strengthening and sealing of landfills, the construction of urban roads and roads. local significance, sidewalks, bike paths. It is effective in the formation of warehouse and production sites, floors in workshops and hangars, road surfaces in enterprises, parking lots for cars and freight transport, roads and industrial sites in oil storage facilities for refineries.
The principle of soil stabilization technology is to stimulate the ion exchange of soil particles and water molecules. The system consists of several components: due to their combined action, soil particles during mechanical compaction under pressure come closer to each other, while soil consolidation occurs.
As a result of the application of this technology, the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil, its waterproofing properties, and the protection against erosion are improved.
Ground concrete with "Geosta K-1" - road surface
The availability of equipment, today, allows the construction of up to one kilometer of road surface per day. If necessary, the volume of work can be increased to 5-10 km per day with the involvement of additional machines. The attractiveness of using the technology lies not only in the tight construction time frame, but also in its efficiency, practicality and durability.
Why is soil stabilization technology popular in Europe?
Because this technology increases the strength and water resistance of the road base, its bearing capacity and resistance to erosion without replacing and moving the soil at low dosages of powdered binder (1.5 ... 2.0%). The ecosystem is preserved! You can open traffic on the constructed site immediately after the completion of construction. Reduced construction time roadway, due to the use of a simple seamless construction method (reducing the need for a large number of road construction equipment and reducing the waiting time for the completion of work).
It should be emphasized that the technology saves not only the time of the construction process, but also money by minimizing transport costs and with a long service life (low production and maintenance costs, high carrying capacity and frost resistance).
We noted that the proposed system allows to achieve savings in materials and labor costs from 20% to 30% due to the elimination of crushed stone and labor costs for its delivery, the use of soil at the construction site, which also leads to a reduction in the commissioning period of facilities by 2-3 times in comparison with similar projects without the use of this technology.
GEOSTA ® preparation
"Geosta K-1" (made in the Netherlands) is successfully used in practice in almost all countries of Western Europe, Africa, America and a number of countries on other continents.
The origin of the drug "Geosta K-1" dates back to the 70s in Japan. In the early 90s, the technology of its use and production came to Western Europe - Holland. Chemical composition the preparation "Geosta K-1" is a mixture of a set of salts, including: sodium, magnesium and potassium chlorides and additives according to the manufacturer's documentation, protected by a patent and reserved by a trademark.
The drug has the form of a powder, easily soluble in water, environmentally compatible and does not provide any harmful effects on the environment (soils and the groundwater). The preparation "Geosta K-1" allows you to stabilize soils and their various mixtures with cement, as well as to bond industrial waste, including heavy metals. During many years of experiments on bonding various industrial wastes using Geosta® in the laboratories of the Institute for Research of Roads and Bridges (IIDM, Warsaw, Poland), positive and promising results have been achieved, opening the possibility of their utilization (economic use) and complete neutralization.
This also applies to the bonding of combustion slags. Positive samples were obtained for bonding steelmaking metallurgy combustion slags and zinc production slags, and flotation dust was bonded using a mixture of "Geosta K-1" preparation with cement.
- compressive strength,
- reduced ability to absorb moisture
- frost resistance,
- increased modulus of elasticity
- a homogeneous structure is formed ( fake diamond) with the properties of soil concrete.
The drug "Geosta K-1" allows you to solve many problems: geotechnical, soil stabilization, soil strengthening, hydraulic engineering, injections of low and high pressure, at the disposal of industrial waste.
The task of the recycling machine is to mix a mixture of soil, concrete and Geosta ® to a homogeneous mixture at the required depth
Capabilities practical application drug
"G E O S T A K-1"
1. In the construction of roads, playgrounds, parking lots (as "cushions" for a covering, as a base).
2. In road recycling, strengthening of existing backwaters.
3. In the stabilization of slopes, embankments, flood banks.
4. Strengthening of railway embankments.
5. In the construction of highways and airfields.
6. In the construction of tennis courts, bike paths, sidewalks.
7. In the reclamation and construction of communal and industrial dumps.
8. Temporary and assembly roads at construction sites.
9. When bonding industrial waste.
10. During the construction of rain and sewer pipelines, gas pipelines, heating mains and technological pipelines.
11. In hydraulic structures.
12. With silt deposits in mines.
13. As an additive to concrete.
14. As an additive in the production of bricks and other building materials.
15. Recommended for solving complex geotechnical and environmental problems.
16. In low and high pressure injections.
Why GEOSTA®?
Introduction of Geosta® technology as a means of achieving highquality in road structures, in world practice, has been applied in the last decade and has proven its perfection. Geosta® has made it possible to stabilize any kind of soil (inincluding silt and slag).
It becomes possible to stabilize with cement in soils where it is traditionally unattainable, for example: soils with organic impurities, soils with humus (chernozems), highly oxidized soils damaged by chemical waste with an increased content of heavy metals.
Before...
After...
The quantity of raw materials is reduced compared to the traditional method. Moreover, Geosta® reduces the thickness of the structure. The end product is a monolith - hard as a rock, water-repellent and frost-resistant.
Using the Geosta® method significantly reduces the project implementation time.
ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD
● No direct and indirect threat to the ecosystem
● Use of ANY materials: clay, silt, slag, dusty sand, soils with an admixture of humus, soils with humus, oxidized soils, etc.
● Lower cost in comparison with the generally accepted method due to:
- increasing compressive strength.
- increased modulus of elasticity.
- resistance to frost, freezing and washing out,
- high productivity during construction.
- less thickness of the asphalt layer (about 1/3 of the thickness of the asphalt pavement when the foundation is made in bulk)
- Reduction of wetness by more than 30%
● The use of Geosta® in the base of the road reduces the tendency of microcracking in upper layers asphalt versus the traditional method.
Benefits from Geosta® Soil Stabilization Method
● allows whole line geotechnical and construction problems;
● expands the field of application of cement, due to the fact that GEOSTA® binds any soil;
● has a positive effect on the hydration process and the course of the cementation process, which increases the strength of the structure and reduces the consumption of cement;
● reduces cement consumption by 12-14% in comparison with the conventional method;
● allows you to achieve high elasticity of the structure, which is based on the theory of ion exchange, and its structure (the so-called "honey layer") indicates a significant concentration and strength;
● gives durability to the structure;
● allows to use the properties of stabilized soil - water resistance, decrease in water absorption by 25-30%;
● does not threaten environment;
● due to its high adhesion, it prevents the washing out of toxic constituents, and, on the contrary, has the ability to convert heavy metals into their silicate structures;
● allows you to get an impressive effect without the use of specialized equipment;
● This method can be recommended for use in all operations for bonding soil with cement and bonding industrial waste.
● POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION OF THE PREPARATION "GEOSTA K-1"WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTE (!)
In the construction of hydraulic structures.
In the construction of motorways, airports, roads, foundations storage facilities, parking lots, bike paths.
In mine construction.
In bases for machines and equipment, factory technological lines.
In the construction and strengthening of slopes, embankments, flood banks.
During the construction of rain and sewer pipelines, gas pipelines, heating mains and technological pipelines
In the reclamation and construction of communal and industrial dumps.
B individual projectswhere difficult geotechnical and environmental problems arise.
Taking into account the practical possibilities of using the preparation "GEOSTA K-1", including with industrial waste, specific tests, developments, as well as individual projects are required.
WE INVITE YOU TO COOPERATION!
The essence of the technology lies in the introduction of additives into the soil to improve it mechanical properties... The soil is thoroughly crushed and mixed with appropriate binders, followed by compaction. Key tasks are solved at the stage of road design and calculation of the optimal mixture of binders.
Why are the roads bad in Russia?
Road clothes allow moisture to penetrate the road base soil
Under the influence of negative temperatures and accumulated moisture, the soil swells
Under the influence of water, the soil becomes soaked, eroded and crawled
The real loads on the road are higher than the calculated ones: not all roads are capable of withstanding heavy vehicles or high traffic speeds
The soil is also prone to subsidence, shear
Negligence of the contractor who carried out the construction and violated the technology
The inhomogeneity of the road base contributes to the appearance of "internal" cracks that appear on the road surface
The essence of the technology lies in the introduction of additives into the soil to improve its mechanical properties
The soil is thoroughly crushed and mixed with appropriate binders, followed by compaction, resulting in monolithic slab, which is a road base.
Key tasks are solved at the stage of road design and calculation of the optimal mixture of binders.
Technology pros
Prevents water from entering the pavement base
Resistant to erosion
- resistance to soaking
- frost resistance, exclusion of frost heaving
Reaches a higher modulus of elasticity, increases shear stability and evenness, reduces plasticity
Allows to reduce the thickness of asphalt concrete up to 50%
- eliminates drawdown
- excludes "rutting"
- excludes the appearance of "copying" cracks in asphalt concrete pavements
For construction, soil is used located at the site of the future road.
Reduces the amount of applied materials
- savings on materials transportation
Comparison of roads built using soil stabilization technology and the "classic" method
| Road "Classic" | Road "Status-soil" |
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Estimated estimate for the construction of 1 km (6000m 2) of road base(the calculation is intended to clearly show the difference between the two methods and is not a commercial offer) |
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2000 tons removed and replaced soil 4200 tons 150 trucks for the import-export of materials 6 days works 820 rubles - price per m 2 3 years warranty |
Local soil used 216 tons new materials delivered 6 cement trucks for the import of mineral binder 2 days work 499 rubles - price per m 2 5 years warranty The savings is 39.15% |
Technological
| Selection of the optimal composition of the mixture to give the soil the necessary physical and mechanical properties |
Laboratory analysis of soil samples:
It is critical to select correct composition! |
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Practice shows that the engineering design of the future road needs to be adjusted after laboratory analysis soil and the selection of the formulation of the mixture. |
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| Site preparation for work |
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| Longitudinal and lateral pre-profiling forms the basis for quality implementation the project and increases the service life of the road base due to water runoff Often there are roads where this stage has not been carried out, they can be recognized by the smooth asphalt, driving along which is similar to swimming on a motor boat on the waves. |  |
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Optimal soil moisture is critical! |
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| The overwhelming majority of contractors have no idea what the optimum soil moisture is and why (how) to observe it. Practice shows that non-observance of the optimum moisture content leads to poor-quality reaction and poor soil strengthening. and, as a consequence, the premature destruction of the road base. |  |
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| Binder injection |
It is critical to achieve the correct amount of binders! |
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| The use of a distributor with a dispenser ensures uniform and correct application, which is a guarantee of compliance with the formulation of the compacted mixture. In our practice, we have met various "tricks" from bags of cement lying on the ground to spraying directly from the pipe of a cement truck. There is no question of any recipe and uniform application. |  |
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| Soil mixing |
it is critical to achieve uniform mixing of the binders! |
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| On this stage it is extremely important to measure the acidity of the soil, the percentage of moisture, the temperature of the reaction and take samples for an intermediate laboratory test. |  |
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| Compaction of the resulting road base |
A good seal is critical! |
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| Due to the nature of the technology, inexperienced contractors make the following mistakes: - under-compaction to the full depth due to incorrect selection of a set of rollers and operating mode - looseness due to expiration of the setting time or too many passes |  |
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| Profiling and final compaction |
It is critical to maintain the grade of the slope for subsequent moisture management! |
Soil stabilization refers to the process of creating the foundation of a pavement, which involves thoroughly crushing the soil, mixing it with organic and inorganic binders, and then compacting it. It is modern, comparatively new method preparation of the road base. Such soil strengthening has its advantages over the classical (sand and crushed stone pillow). Stabilized soil is more frost and water resistant, as well as more durable and elastic.
| Service | Type of equipment | Specifications | Price for 1m2 (including VAT), rub. | |||||
| depth / volume | width, mm | up to 3 thousand m2 | up to 5 thousand m2 | 5-10 thousand m2 | 10-20 thousand m2 | 20-30 thousand m2 | ||
| Recycling | Recycler Wirtgen WR 2000 | up to 500 mm | 2000 | 120 | 110 | 100 | 90 | 80 |
| Recycling | Regenerator mixer Caterpillar RM300 | up to 500 mm | 2400 | 120 | 110 | 100 | 90 | 80 |
| Recycling | Stabilizing cutter SBF 24 L | up to 400 mm | 2400 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 50 | 50 |
| Dry sweep spreader SW 10 TA | 10 m3 | 2450 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
| Distribution of binders | Dry mix spreader SBS 3000 | 3 m3 | 2400 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Distribution of binders | Dry mix spreader SBS 6000 | 6 m3 | 2400 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Thanks to the capabilities of modern equipment, the binder is dosed very precisely and injected to a depth of 50 cm in one pass. The most available materials today are lime and cement. The optimal amount of these substances is determined laboratory methods, usually it is 3 - 10% of each material by weight of the fortified earth. The first stage of stabilization is the introduction of lime into the soil and mixing with it, the second - cement.
Soil stabilization followed by the use of existing pavement materials is cold recycling. It can be used to restore both country roads and city streets to their full depth. In other words, in a single pass, crush the existing coating and mix it with the underlying base material and reducing binders. All this has become possible thanks to the emergence of new high-performance machines on the market.
Stabilization technology is widely used today, for example, in small territorial roads, in which the device is supposed to cover lightweight or transitional type (for example, in the construction of cottage settlements). In such cases, the construction of a solid, durable foundation using a minimum of imported materials - optimal solution... In addition, high-performance equipment can produce tens of kilometers of roads during the construction season. Consolidation (recycling) is also successfully used in the construction of logistics complexes, industrial buildings... Here, this technology is used to lay foundations for concrete floors and cover production sites.
Stabilization work cannot be performed efficiently without the use of special equipment. For the dosed introduction of the binder (dry or in the form of an emulsion), a distributor hopper is required, for its thorough mixing into the soil - mounted cutters.
In order for our specialists to calculate the cost of recycling services and to be able to choose the right necessary equipment for you, you need to have the following information: what object and where it is located, its area in sq. m, the timing of work, as well as which soils prevail on the ground, what depth of distribution is needed and what binders are desirable.
In the construction of any coating, an initial calculation of its wear resistance and bearing capacity is required. Some methods are used for pedestrian areas, and a completely different approach is practiced in the creation of automotive surfaces. A special base helps to counteract the stress that acts on under traffic flows. For its formation, soil stabilization is used, involving the use of organic and inorganic materials.
General information on soil stabilization
The main purpose of this event is to create a solid foundation under the road or platform that will not deform and creep during operation. The entire workflow can be divided into four stages. First of all, the soil stabilization technology provides for the preparation of the material from which a kind of sealing pad will be created. Further, an active mixture is created from substances with the desired characteristics. Already at the place of use, using special equipment, the mass is applied to the working area. The final stage involves the distribution and a kind of mixing of the substance with the base soil.
It is important to understand that this process itself is only an intermediate stage in the implementation of the overall project for the construction of roads and sites. When soil stabilization is completed, insulating or technical layers of the future coating are laid directly on the prepared substrate.
Material preparation
The most commonly used cement and lime bases... Sand and crushed stone can also be used as thinners - their concentration depends on the requirements for the future coating. Local soil should also be used in the construction and design of the pavement. For example, if soil stabilization with lime is carried out, then it would be appropriate to include stone materialswhich will create the necessary shock-absorbing strength. Another thing is that such additions must be pre-crushed with special cutters. Directly at the place of backfill, the stabilization mass will be approximately 10-20% of the local soil, which will act as the basis for the road surface.
Create a mixture
The specific recipe for making the mixture is determined by the characteristics that must be obtained after the completion of the work. For example, methods for stabilizing soils with a monolithic base involve the achievement of such qualities of the coating as shear stability and increased elasticity. In the composition of such mixtures, the mentioned combination of cement-lime is usually used, which is also diluted with active ash and local soil. However, its main difference is the complete elimination of rubble. As a result, other important properties of the coating are achieved, among which are capillary-interrupting functions and an increase in thermal insulation performance.
Technically, the mixing operation is carried out by special dosing machines. Modern technology allows mixing according to the values \u200b\u200bentered through the electronic control panel. The initial parameters, according to which the soil stabilization of the road is performed, are pre-documented in the laboratory. Further, the information obtained becomes the basis for developing a recipe and preparing a strengthening mixture.
Distribution of material over the surface
Before performing this stage, special distribution tanks are prepared into which the mixture is loaded. At the same stage, various modifiers can be added, through which the basic qualities of the mass are improved. On the jobsite, the equipment evenly distributes the cement and lime batches. Again, depending on the design requirements, soil stabilization can be performed with loosening elements, which will further provide more high degree compaction of the mass. In addition, before feeding, auxiliary stages of preparing the mixture for distribution can be included. This can be the operation, grinding and mixing of the components of the mass. The possibilities for implementing these technological stages depend on the functions of a particular special equipment. Usually, multifunctional machines are used, provided with clutches with safety valves, which are disengaged when overloaded.
Putting the stabilizing mass into the ground
The procedure can be performed with special equipment or by hand... The choice of technology depends on the possibility of performing an operation near a residential area, parking, airfield or in bad weather. Most often, tractors with a three-point hitch at the rear are used for the final introduction of the material. The cutters interact directly with the active mixture - the action resembles loosening with subsequent compaction. Depending on the design solution for soil stabilization, road construction at this stage may involve additional operations. For example, the operator can carry out the distribution of a water-emulsion binder, which will also be worked into the soil as a separate active substance.
Conclusion
Arrangement technologies road surfaces special requirements are imposed on the formation of protective layers. Availability quality insulation and drainage coverings can protect the future road from many negative factors. In turn, soil stabilization forms a kind of foundation on which further physical pressure lies. This seal must not only withstand stress, but also provide integrity. overall structure cover. For this, viscous components are added to the stabilizing mixtures. In a single complex with lime and cement, they create a solid, frost-resistant and permeable platform for the future road or site.