Studying the map of the world, it is worth paying attention to one state. Its location, history and development are quite interesting. That's why this article we want to devote to a story about the Republic of Peru. Study its borders, population, system of government. And, of course, find out where Peru is located and what features of the relief it has.
Geographical position
Peru (the official name is the Republic of Peru) is located on the western coast of the continent. Its area of 1,285,220 square kilometers makes it the third largest in size between Divided into 25 departments, the capital since the time of the Incas is the city of Lima. In order to accurately answer the question of where Peru is located, you need to know its coordinates - this is 8 ° 48′00 ″ S. NS. 74 ° 58'00 ″ W e. Countries such as Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Chile are located adjacent to the state. From the west it is washed by the Pacific waters.
Briefly about the main
Translated from the language of the local aborigines, the name of the state means "river". The largest streams are the Amazon and Marañon, and the largest lake is the world famous Titicaca. The most high point- Mount Huascaran (6,768 m). According to 2015 data, the population of the country is more than 31 million people, the capital - about 7 million inhabitants. Independence was proclaimed on July 28, 1821. The climate is mixed, there are signs of both equatorial and tropical on the territory of the Republic of Peru. South America, it is worth noting, is characterized by such features. In the equatorial zone there is only one season, a very large amount of precipitation, in the tropical zone there are two seasons. The Amazon jungle is characterized by a particularly hot and humid climate.
Features of the relief
When you find out where Peru is, you immediately understand the variety of relief. Most of the land along the Pacific coast is occupied by the Costa Desert, a little to the east is the Andes mountain belt, and even further - the Amazonian selva with its evergreen tropical forests, which smoothly merges into the Montaña plain. Nature has presented this country with such pearls as the alpine one with its unique oceanic ichthyofauna and beautiful surroundings, with mysterious drawings (you can only see them from the air), the Manu National Park - the most beautiful place in the Amazon basin, as well as many other sites that can boast of their beauty, as well as the uniqueness of flora and fauna.
sights
It is worth noting that many tourists who come to where Peru is located need time to adapt. However, those natural beauties that can be observed on the territory of the republic are worth some inconvenience. There are also numerous architectural monuments and remains of antiquity, which are rich in this state with an amazing history. What are the sights of Lima and such structures of the Inca times as Sacsayhuaman, Machu Picchu, Puka Pukara and others?
Located in the west South America and borders in the north with Colombia and Ecuador, in the east - with Brazil and Bolivia, in the south - with Chile, in the west it is washed by the Pacific Ocean.
The name of the country comes from the Piru River, which means "river" in the language of the local Indians.
Official name: Republic of Peru
Capital: Lima
The area of the land: 1.28 million sq. km
Total population: 29.9 million people
Administrative division: The state is divided into 25 departments.
Form of government: Republic.
Head of State: The president.
Population composition: 45% are Quechua and Aymara Indians, 37% are mestizo, 15% are from Europe and about 3% are from Asia.
Official language: Spanish and Quechua, Aymara and other languages of Native American groups.
Religion: 90% of the country's believers are Catholics, the rest profess Protestantism, Judaism and Islam.
Internet domain: .pe
Mains voltage: ~ 220 V, 60 Hz
Country dialing code: +51
Country barcode: 775
Climate
Transitional from tropical in the east to tropical mountainous in the west. Average monthly temperatures on the coast are + 15-25 C, in the Andes - from -5 to +16 C. Precipitation is from 700 to 3000 mm. in year. In the coastal strip (Kostya), instead of rain, sometimes the smallest drizzle, called "garya", falls. The cold Peruvian Current reduces the average annual air temperatures on the coast by an average of 6 C.
The Andes ridges create an insurmountable barrier to oceanic air masses, creating a contrast between the desolate slopes of the Pacific coast and the forested slopes facing the Atlantic.
Up to an altitude of 3500 m, moderate temperatures prevail, without frost and heat, above the "pune" zone ("cold place") begins, which is characterized by a strong rarefaction of the air, low temperatures(at altitudes over 4100 m. they do not rise above 0 C) and sharp daily temperature fluctuations (sometimes up to +20 C during the day, frosts down to -12 C at night). The average annual temperature at an altitude of 4500 m is only +2 C.
The climate of Selva is humid, tropical, with big amount precipitation. The average annual temperature is +26 - 28 C. From November to March - the rainy season.
Geography
Peru is located in western South America in the Southern Hemisphere. The area of the country is 1.29 million square meters. km. In the west, Peru is washed by the Pacific Ocean, in the south it borders on Chile, in the southeast - with Bolivia, in the northeast - with Brazil, in the north - with Colombia, in the northwest - with Ecuador.
In the west of the country along the entire coastline stretch the desert lowlands "costa". The width of this coastal strip varies from 65 to 160 km. Further to the east begins the chain of the Peruvian Andes "Sierra". They occupy almost the entire central part of the country and stretch from northwest to southeast.
The average height of the Sierra is about 3660 m above sea level. The Peruvian Andes consist of two ranges: Western and Eastern. The most high peak- Mount Huascaran (6768 m) - belongs to the Eastern ridge. In the southern part of the Sierra there are volcanoes, there are 14 of them. The most famous of them is the active volcano Misti (5822 m). In the east of the country lies the tropical plain of the Amazon "selva", occupied by rain forests. This region occupies about 60% of the territory.
The main rivers of Peru are the Amazon and its tributaries Marañon, Ucayali and Putumayo. Lake Titicaca is located in the southeast of the country on the border with Bolivia in a tectonic basin. This is the largest alpine navigable lake in the world, it is located at an altitude of 3812 m, its area is 8446 sq. km. Most of the lake is located in Peru.
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
The coastal strip is dominated by desert plants - cacti and thorny shrubs. The slopes of the central Andes are covered with a dense subtropical mountain forest, which is gradually replaced with height by a forest of a more moderate climatic type - "sekha". The main seed tree is the cinchona tree. In the southern part of the Peruvian Andes, drought-resistant feather grass, low grasses and lepidophyllum shrubs grow. In the mountain valleys, there are cacti, thorny legumes and deciduous broadleaf trees. Selva is occupied by tropical rain forests. Mahogany, zest, rubber plants, sarsaparila, vanilla and tropical flowers grow here.
Animal world
The fauna of the desert coastal strip is represented by sea lions, Humboldt penguins, Chilean flamingos, Peruvian pelicans, Inca terns, brown gannets, lizards, tarantulas and scorpions. The cold waters of the Pacific Ocean are home to tuna, sardines, haddock, bonito, swordfish, mackerel, rock perch, sole, smelt and shrimp.
In the highlands there are llama, alpaca, guanaco, vicuña, chinchilla, and on the eastern slopes - jaguars, spectacled bears and tapirs. Of the birds, the Andean condor, ibis, partridge, duck, goose, flycatcher and finch live here. Selva is inhabited by tropical animals - jaguar, cougar, armadillo, bakers, tapir, anteater, several species of monkeys, an alligator and several species of snakes.
sights
Peru is one of the most interesting countries in the world. Numerous monuments of the pre-European period are concentrated here - the cultures of Kilki, Lurche, Nazca, Mochica, Chavan, Chan-Chan, Chimu, Tiahuanko and, of course, Inca. Amazing nature - the great Andes and the "green hell" of the Amazon valley, the sand dunes of the Pacific coast and the relict lake-sea Titicaca, the mysterious Nazca petroglyphs and high-mountain deserts - all this is concentrated in a relatively small area of this country.
- Paracas
- Lake Titicaca
- Tukume
- Chan Chan
- Pacaya Samiriya Nature Reserve
- Colca Canyon
- Lake Yarinacocha
- Ollantaytambo
- Pisak
- Ruins of Caral
- Tiahuanaco
- Huascaran
Banks and currency
The official currency of Peru is the new salt. 1 new salt is equal to 100 centimes. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 new salts and coins in 1, 2 and 5 new salts, as well as 5, 10, 20 and 50 centimes.
Some shops, hotels and restaurants accept US dollars for payment. US dollars are the easiest currency to exchange, and large fees apply when exchanging other currencies. Foreign money can be exchanged at banks, exchange offices, hotels and at the airport. The most favorable rate is at exchange offices, the least favorable rate is at hotels. Be sure to keep receipts for the exchange of foreign currency before leaving the country, they are necessary for the return exchange of unspent new salts.
Credit cards are widely accepted in the main tourist centers of Peru. Traveler's checks are usually not accepted for payment, but they can be easily exchanged.
Banks are open Monday through Friday from 9:00 to 18:00, some are open on Saturday from 9:00 to 13:00.
Useful information for tourists
Peru is one of the safest countries in South America for tourists. However, you need to be careful when visiting crowded places such as city markets. Luggage, handbags, photo and video cameras should always be held with your hand.
Gratuities (approximately 10% of the cost) in bars, restaurants, hairdressers, hotels are already included in the bill.
Geographical position
Peru is a state located in the western part of South America. Official name - Republic of Peru. In the north, it borders with Ecuador and Colombia, in the east - with Brazil and Bolivia, in the south - with Chile.
The total area of the country is 1.28 million square meters. km. Peru is one of the largest countries in Latin America.
The capital is the city of Lima.
State is divided into three regions: Coast (Costa) on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean, Mountains (Sierra) - in the middle of the Andes and Selva (Selva) - in the western part of the Amazon.
In the west, the territory of the country is washed by the waters of the ocean.
The largest river in the country is the Amazon, the largest lakes are Titicaca and Junin. Lake Titicaca is the largest alpine navigable body of water on the planet. Its area is 8287 sq. km.
The most western point of the country is Cape Parinyas.
Through the entire territory of the countries from north to south, a complex mountain system, which consists of the chain of ridges of the Peruvian Andes and the Cordilleras.
The highest point of the country is the dormant volcano Huascaran, which is 6,768 meters high.
Peru has a fairly diverse climate, transitioning from tropical in the east to tropical mountainous in the west. This is due to the complex topography of the country's territory.
In the coastal zone, the average annual temperature is from +16 to 25 C. In the Andes - from -5 to + 16 ° C. Selva has a humid, tropical climate with a lot of rainfall. The average annual temperature here is + 26-28 ° С. The rainy season lasts from November to March.
Precipitation falls annually from 700 to 3000 mm. In the coastal strip (Kostya), instead of rain, the smallest drizzle often falls, which is called "garya".
The Andes ridges provide a barrier to oceanic air masses, providing a contrast between the Pacific coastline and forested slopes.
The best time to visit the mountainous regions and Selva is the period from June to August, the coast - from December to March.
Mountain peaks all year round covered with snow and glaciers. Precipitation here does not exceed 700 mm annually. The average annual temperature at an altitude of 4500 m is only + 2 ° C.Visas, entry regulations, customs regulations
To enter the country, Russian citizens need to apply for a visa. This can be done at the consular section of the Peruvian Embassy, located in Moscow. A visa is issued in a few working days, the consular fee is $ 12.
When departing from the country, you must pay an airport tax of $ 25, on domestic flights - $ 4.
The visa can be extended at the office of the General Directorate of the Immigration Service in Lima. This can be done three times. In this case, a fee of $ 20 is paid. Children under 16 years old fit into the visa of the parents (mother).
There are no restrictions on the import and export of local currency. Foreign currency can be imported into the country without restrictions; you can only export an amount that does not exceed the imported one. In case of reverse exchange, it is necessary to provide receipts for the exchange of foreign currency into salt.
Persons over the age of 18 may bring a limited amount of tobacco, alcohol, perfumes and food into Peru duty-free.
Gifts and personal belongings in intact original packaging can be imported in quantities that cost up to $ 300. When importing sausages, salami, ham or cheese, a certificate of validity from the manufacturer is required.
You cannot bring uncanned food, weapons and drugs into Peru. Objects and things of artistic, historical or archaeological value cannot be imported and exported without a special permit.
To import professional photographic, film or video equipment, you need to obtain a special permit. You can take out wool and leather goods, jewelry, souvenirs. In this case, you must present a check ("boleta") from the store where these items were purchased.
When exporting fur items, a receipt and an export stamp are required.
Population, political status
The population of the country is about 27.5 million people. Of these, 45% are Quechua and Aymara Indians, 37% are mestizo, 15% are from Europe and about 3% are from Asia.
The largest cities in Peru are Lima (5,760,000), Callao (638,000), Arequipa (620,000), Trujillo (509,000), Chiclayo (410,000) and Cuzco (258,000).
Politically, Peru is a presidential republic. The head of state and government is the president, who is elected for a term of 5 years.
Legislative power is concentrated in the hands of a unicameral Congress, consisting of 120 congressmen, who are elected for 5 years.
Executive power rests with the president and prime ministers, who are appointed by the president. Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court and the local judiciary.
Administratively, the country's territory is divided into 24 departments and 1 constitutional province of Callao. Administrative units are quite independent.
The official languages of Peru are Spanish and Quechua. Aymara and other languages of Indian groups are also widespread. Not everyone can speak Spanish in the interior.
In the tourism sector, English is mainly understood.
What to see
Peru is rightfully considered one of the most interesting countries in the world. A lot of interesting cultural monuments of the pre-European period have been preserved here. And the nature of this country simply amazes with its splendor.
Lima is the capital of Peru. It was founded in 1535 and lies on the Pacific Ocean. During the Conquest period, this city became the political and military capital of the Spanish possessions in South America. Lima is currently a large city with a not very favorable climate. It is a crowded and bustling city.
It is very hot and dry here, in addition, a cloud of smog constantly hangs over the city.
It is worth visiting the historical center of the capital, which was built up according to a clear scheme and is under the protection of UNESCO. There are many colorful Spanish colonial mansions here.
In the central square of Plaza de Armas, you can see a stone fountain created in the 17th century. It is considered the oldest building in the city. The Cathedral of Santo Domingo, built in 1540, houses the tomb of Francisco Pizarro.
Tourists are also interested in the Government Palace, the Archbishop's Palace and two pre-Inca temples in San Isidro. The catacombs of the colonial period have been preserved in the church of San Francisco. In the Plaza de San Martín, there is a statue of San Martín, who became famous for declaring the independence of Peru.
Among the museums, it is worth highlighting the Museum of the Inquisition, the National Museum of Archeology and Anthropology, the Museum of Art, the Museum of the Nation and the unique Museum of Gold.
Theaters and restaurants are concentrated in the Miraflores area. Nightlife is thriving in the bohemian Barranco quarter.
The "Street of Lovers" Puente de los Suspiros ("Bridge of Sighs") leads to the observation deck, from which a magnificent panorama of the Pacific Ocean opens up.
Tourists can visit a large number of huge "Indian markets", the best of which are: Merchado Indio, Miraflores, Pueblo Libre and Kennedy Park.
The outskirts of the capital are more picturesque than the city itself. 80 km from Lima, at an altitude of about 3900 m, there is the Markahuasi plateau. Here you can see many megalithic sculptures and cave paintings. Scientists are still arguing about their origin.
Pachacamac is located 29 km south of the capital. It is a place of worship for the Divine Creator of the Earth, a very important religious center of the pre-Incan period.
In the neighboring Rimac Valley, there are the mysterious structures of Purucuco and Cajamarquilla.
Cusco (Hosho - "center of the earth") is one of the most ancient and unusual cities in the world. It was the capital of the Inca Empire during its heyday. According to the legends, it was founded by the forefathers of Manco Capac and Mama Okllo around 1200 AD. NS.
The city is located at an altitude of about 3500 m, but it is quite crowded. Its entire territory is under the protection of UNESCO.
The entire city of the Incas was carved in the mountains many centuries ago. The city was built in the form of a silhouette of a sacred cougar. Huge boulders were used during construction, but they were not held together by mortar. At the same time, there are practically no gaps between the stones. The streets are striking in their directness, the whole city is permeated unique system stone streams.
The Plaza de Armas was built by the Spaniards on the site of the ancient cult center of Huacalpa. The main attractions of this city include: the ruins of the granite Palace of the Supreme Inca, two Inca statues of the Inca Pachacute on the mountain, the Palace of Justice, the ruins of the Inca Coricancha located east of the city center, the Church of El Triunfo, the Church of Santo Domingo.
La Compagna Cathedral is interesting for its huge three hundred year old bell Maria Angola, which is the largest bell in South America. Among the museums are: Museum of the Institute of Archeology National University, The Viceroyalty Museum and the Museum of Sacred Art.
Northwest of the city center there is a monumental complex of buildings Sacsayhuaman ("Gray-stone bird of prey"). This military and religious center of the Inca Empire lies on the top of a mountain, at an altitude of 3500 m above sea level. It is made up of huge stone blocks. The center of the building is the so-called "Inca throne". It is surrounded by 21 bastions with powerful towers.
The ruins of the fortresses of Kenko, Puka-Pukara and Tambo-Machai lie nearby.
Pisac is located 30 km from Cusco, which is the citadel of the Incas at the top of the mountain range.
The main attractions of this area are: the ruins of ancient Ollantaytambo, the pyramid city of Ollantaytambo, the Kosnipata valley ("Smoke Valley"), the secluded Sinakara valley.
Tumbes is home to the picturesque Cathedral and the Aguas Verdes Nature Reserve. Chinchero ("rainbow village") is located 28 km northwest of Cusco. During the Inca era, it was a famous resort. Also noteworthy here are Paucartambo and Tres Cruces.
"Trail of the Incas" stretches along the "Sacred Valley" past the most mysterious structures of ancient civilizations. The valleys of Huantanay and Vilkanota (Urubamba) are considered the focus of the spiritual culture of the Incas.
The archaeological complex Karal dates back to 2600-2100. BC NS. It lies 200 km north of Lima and is considered the most ancient city on the continent.
Choquepuhio is located 35 km from Cusco, which is the birthplace of the mysterious culture of Lurce. Corihuairacina, Vilcabamba Vitcos and Espiritu Pampas are the last centers of resistance to the Spanish invasion.
The Manu National Park, which covers an area of 1.5 million hectares, is also worth visiting.
The famous Machu Picchu ("old mountain") is the most famous and most mysterious monument of the Inca culture on the continent.
It is located 112 km northwest of Cuzco. Historians and scientists still argue about the purpose of this ancient sacred city of the Incas. Its total area is about 33 thousand hectares. The city is spread over a flat mountain plateau, which is located at an altitude of 2,700 m above sea level in the Urubamba Valley.
Excavations carried out here have uncovered the famous Intihuatana Gate of the Sun and the observatory. You can see temples and palaces carved into the rock or built from carefully fitted giant boulders. The Moon Palace is located at the foot of Huayna Picchu ("young mountain"). Of great interest are the famous Temple of Three Windows and the "Sacred Square", numerous burials and objects of the pre-Incan period. You can also see stairs, gutters, defensive walls, pools, terraces and buildings.
The famous Nazca desert is one of the main attractions of the country. It is located in the Ica department in southern Peru, between the Ingenio and Nazca rivers. Its total area is about 500 sq. km, the desert has the shape of an almost regular square. The climatic conditions are very harsh here. This place attracts tourists and researchers, as the entire territory of the desert is covered with mysterious drawings of huge sizes - from 40 m to 8 km. These drawings are visible only from the air, they are carved in stone and executed in one continuous line.
Roughly these drawings date back to 350-700 BC. e., but their purpose is still unknown. Here you can see geometric shapes, as well as stylized images of animals, birds and people in strange clothes. It should be noted that many of the objects depicted do not even occur in the Nazca area.
Another attraction of this area is the Chauchilla necropolis, which belongs to the late period of the Nazca culture (around the 1st century AD).
Alpine Lake Titicaca is another unique monument of the country. Its name translates as "stone puma". It is located on the border of Bolivia and Peru and is the world's largest high-altitude navigable body of water. Its area is 8287 sq. km.
This lake, by its nature, is an ancient sea bay, which was raised by tectonic forces to a height of 3810 m. Therefore, there is an oceanic ichthyofauna in it - a large number of different species of marine invertebrates and fish, there are even sharks in the lake.
Reeds grow along the shores of the lake, from which local residents belonging to the Quechua and Aymara tribes build their dwellings, buildings for various purposes, as well as real floating islands "Uros". These islands were named after the extinct tribe of the Uro Indians. On them, people's lives have practically not changed over the past five hundred years. The Incas considered the lake itself and its islands, of which there are more than 30, sacred.
The lake itself attracts with its fantastic panorama. The burial towers ("chulpas") of Sillustani, where the burials of local leaders of the Inca era are located, are also of great interest for tourists. The total burial area is 4 thousand square meters. m.
Taquile's "island of knitting men" has a good Textile Museum. The island of Amantani is worth visiting. on which is the temple of Pachamama (Mother Earth) and Pachatata (Father Sky).
In the high mountain village of Chukito, you can see the Church of Santo Domingo. And at the bottom of the lake, scuba divers found a city that belongs to the era of Tiahuanaco culture (IX-X centuries AD). It strongly resembles the legendary city of Cuzco - the ancestral home of the Incas.
The city of Puno, which is the capital of the region, was founded in 1668. It lies at an altitude of 3800 m. On the southwestern shore of the lake. It is the main port of the lake, and was formerly one of the richest cities on the continent, because there are silver mines next to it. The colonial cities of Juli and Pomata were built by the Spaniards in the 16th-17th centuries.
The ancient port city of Tiahuanaco is located 20 km south of the coast. It spreads out at an altitude of 3625 m above sea level. Its total area is about 450 thousand square meters. m. According to archaeological data, the flourishing of this city dates back to the 5th century. BC NS. But mathematical and astronomical calculations suggest that Tiahuanaco was created around the 15th millennium BC. NS.
Tiwanaku was a thriving port located right on the shores of Lake Titicaca. The pyramid of Akapana ("artificial mountain") has been preserved here, the height of which is 15 meters, and the length of the side of the base is 230 m).
You can see the "standing stone" Kalasasaya with the famous Gate of the Sun, a small underground temple and giant statues, which are up to 7.5 m high.
The ruins of other impressive structures have also survived, which are also made of huge stone blocks.
Arequipa, whose name can be translated as "let's stop here", is the second largest city in Peru and an important economic center. It is located in the very south of the country at an altitude of 2335 m above sea level. It is known that this city appeared on the site of one estate that belonged to the conquistador Francisco de Carvajal. It is located in a hollow between huge volcanoes, one of which is active.
Arequipa is considered to be the most beautiful city Peru. It is built up with buildings made in the Spanish colonial style of the late 18th century. Here is located convent Convento de Santa Catalina. dating back to 1580 and famous all over the world.
It is also worth seeing the Jesuit Church of La Campagna, the Cathedral, the central Plaza de Armas. Noteworthy is the former Casa de la Moneda mint, built in the 18th century, and the Casa Moral mansion.
180 km from Arequipa, you can visit the Colca Canyon, which is unique natural site... This canyon is considered the deepest in the world. Its total depth is 3400 m.
Tourists have the opportunity to watch the soaring condors from the Cruz del Condor observation deck. Other attractions of this region of the country include the Cotahuasi Canyon, the "Valley of Volcanoes", the Salinas y Agiade Blanca National Park, the Pata Pamba Pass (4825 m). You can see the ancient Inca burials in the rock caves above Antahuilki or swim in the geothermal springs located near the village of Chivay.
Costa is the Pacific coast of Peru. There are few seaside resorts, but a large number of tourists are attracted here by numerous historical and cultural sites.
On the one hand, this narrow strip of land is framed by the Andes, and on the other hand, it is washed by the waters of the ocean. The main attractions of Costa are the Paracas National Marine Reserve, the ancient clay city of Chan Chan, Huascaran National Park and cultural monuments dating back to the 10th-5th centuries. BC Many tourists visit the seaside resort of Picasmayo, which is considered the best place for windsurfing in Peru, as well as the resort town of Paracas. There are also resort towns to the south and north of Lima.
The sand dunes of Huacachina, oases around the "capital of winemakers" Ica and the Wailas valley are quite interesting. The mysterious pre-Incan cultural cities of Sipan and Tukume are also worth seeing.
Trujillo is the capital of the Costa. It was founded in 1535 and represented the center of the Spanish expansion to the mainland. And today this city attracts tourists with its former colonial charm. Here you can see a large number of beautiful mansions built in the Spanish style.
Noteworthy is the central square of the city - Plaza de Armas. It is also worth visiting the Bishop's Palace, the Town Hall, numerous monasteries and the cathedral. The central club is located in the premises of the Palacio Iturregi mansion. You can visit the Archaeological Museum and the Cassinelli Museum, as well as the art gallery.
Not far from the city are the ruins of the capital of the ancient Chimu empire - Chan-Chan. This colossal city was built entirely of clay and stones. Previously, it was surrounded by a wall with seven bastions. The heyday of Chan-Chan fell on about the XII century. Then the city was the largest building of its era. It was of great political and cultural importance. The entire territory of the city was built up with palaces, rich houses and places of worship.
Of great interest for tourists are: "Temple of the rainbow" Templo del Arco Iris, the temple-fortress Tshudi, "Emerald Temple" Huaca Esmeralda. The pyramids of Huaca del Sol and Huaca del Luna ("Sun and Moon") date back to the 6th century. n. NS.
Not far from here lies the El Brujo archaeological complex (III millennium BC) with the famous Kao pyramid. Remnants of extensive irrigation canals and temples from the pre-Inca period can also be seen.
In the vicinity of the town of Chiclayo, which is located 200 km north of Trujillo, is the "Tomb of Lord Sipan".
50 km south of Chimbote, there is the area of the most ancient Indian structures in Sechin, which date back to the 16th century. BC NS. Interesting are the ruins of Gran Pahaten, monuments of the Inca period around Cajamarca and Chachapoyas. Many tourists visit the seaside resorts of Chicama and La Pimentel and the ecological reserve in Batan Grande.
The eastern part of the country is called Selva, which accounts for 60% of the entire territory of Peru. It is dominated by humid evergreen forests. Locals call this area "Green Hell". It is a unique ecosystem. This is where the Amazon River (Solimunes) begins. Unique Indian tribes live in this area. It is home to a large number of endemic plant and animal species. In the jungle, you can find many monuments of Native American cultures that have not yet been fully explored.
The largest town in Selva is Iquitos. Noteworthy attractions include the Pacaya Samiria Nature Reserve, the picturesque Lake Yarinacocha and the Amazonian forests.
The first settlements on the territory of the country date back to the 10th millennium BC. NS. People settled in the river valleys of the coast. The very first settlement was Norte Chico, which was located on the north-central coast of Peru. It dates back to between 3000 and 1800. BC NS.
Peru was the center of the Inca empire that emerged around 1100. By 1500, this empire included not only the territory of modern Peru, but also the territory from Quito in Ecuador to the Mole River in Chile.
The Incas were known for a large number of fine gold items. For this reason, the Spanish conquerors arrived in their country.
A detachment of Spaniards, led by Francisco Pizarro from Panama, captured the Inca empire in 1532. Lima was founded in 1535. The Viceroyalty of Peru was created in 1542. Blasco Nunez Vela, who arrived from Spain, became the first viceroy. This kingdom included all of Spanish South America, except for Panama and Venezuela.
The Spanish ruled the country for nearly 300 years. The independence of Peru was proclaimed on July 28, 1821.
But the Spaniards came to power again in June 1823. In 1824, the troops of Sucre, who was an associate of Bolivar, invaded Peru from the north. They finally defeated the Spanish colonialists.
Bolivar decided to divide Peru into two countries - Peru and Bolivia, named after him. Bolivar began to rule in Peru, and gave Bolivia under the rule of Sucre.
Since 1962, Peru has been ruled by various military regimes that came to power as a result of coups. Since the late 1980s, the country began to hold free elections on a multi-party basis, but this did not lead to civilian rule.
Peru is a member of the UN and all the specialized agencies of this organization.
International trade
Peru's main export commodities are gold, zinc, copper, crude oil and petroleum products. The country also exports coffee, potatoes, asparagus, processed fish and textiles.
The main export partners are such countries as America (20%), China (15.2%), Canada (8.3%), Japan (7%), Chile (5.8%) and Brazil (4.2 %).
The country imports petroleum products, plastics, machinery and equipment, as well as cars and paper.
The main import partners are the following countries: USA (23.4%), China (10.5%), Brazil (8.7%), Ecuador (6.4%), Chile (5%) and Argentina (5%) ).
The shops
Peru is a fairly cheap country. The most expensive places in the country are Lima and Cuzco. Shopping is more expensive for foreigners than for locals.
Prices can vary significantly depending on the season. The shops of the country are usually open from Monday to Friday, from 09.00 to 13.00 and from 15.00-16.00 to 20.00. In the capital, some supermarkets are open without lunch until 21.00-22.00. There are also convenience stores. In the provinces, shops have individual working hours.
From Peru, as souvenirs and gifts, tourists usually bring pottery, knitted woolen products, jewelry made of silver, fur, masks and woodwork with artistic carvings.
Demography
Annual population growth is 1.2% (fertility - 2.3 births per woman).
The average life expectancy for men is 69 years, for women - 73 years.
The share of the urban population is quite high and amounts to 71%.
Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 0.5%.
Literacy - 96% of men and 89% of women.
Industry
Peru has a developed mining industry, and the manufacturing industry is at a developmental stage.
Industry accounts for 25% of GDP and employs about 24% of the country's working population.
The most developed industries are the smelting of steel and other metals; extraction and processing of minerals, as well as oil and gas; food industry, fish processing, production of clothing and textiles.
Vegetable and animal world
The flora of Peru differs from region to region. Plants such as rubber plants, mahogany, vanilla, sarsaparila and a wide variety of exotic tropical flowers are found in the Montaka jungle.
In Sierra, the vegetation is less diverse, in this arid climate only cacti and other drought or frost-resistant plants can survive.
In the coastal strip, mostly desert plants are found.
The fauna of the country is not very diverse. On the coastal plain, the most common animals are tarantulas, lizards, and scorpions.
The coastal waters are rich in inhabitants such as haddock, sole, sardines, shrimp, smelt and other marine animals.
Sierra is home to chinchilla, llama, alpaca and vicuña. Among the birds, one can distinguish a duck, a giant condor, a goose, a partridge, a flycatcher and a finch. In the Montaca, the following are widespread: cougar, jaguar, armadillo, tapir, alligator, anteater, bakers, as well as many types of monkeys and some types of snakes.
The existence of some animals is currently under threat. Chinchillas with valuable fur were almost completely exterminated. The number of vicuñas has also declined.
To protect the fauna, the Pampa de Galeras National Park was created in 1966.
Banks and money
Peru banknotes / currency converter
The country's monetary unit is the New Salt (international designation - PEN, within the country - S /), which is nominally equal to 100 centimes. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 sol, as well as coins in 1, 2 and 5 sol, 5, 10, 20 and 50 centimes.
American dollars are also accepted everywhere. The exception is the 2001 CB Series $ 100 banknotes. Crumpled banknotes are not accepted in some places.
The country's banks are usually open from Monday to Friday, from 09.00 to 17.00. On Saturdays they work from 09.00 to 13.00, but in the summer the opening hours sometimes change. In the provinces, some banks have their own opening hours.
Tourists can exchange currency at numerous exchange offices, as well as banks, shops and hotels. US dollars are preferred. Other currencies can be exchanged only in large capital banks.
Damaged banknotes may not be accepted for exchange. It is recommended to keep the receipt of foreign currency exchange until leaving the country. This will allow you to make a reverse exchange of unspent money.
At ATMs in Peru, you can get cash in both salts and dollars. Credit cards and travelers checks can only be used in the capital and tourist areas. In the provinces, this is almost impossible.
When exchanging currency, it is best to take a lot of small bills. Sometimes it is simply impossible to pay in large bills due to the lack of change.
You should not change money on the street, because it is easy to run into scammers or robbers.
Peru is one of the most interesting countries in South America. There are many different monuments of the pre-European period, the most famous of which are Lurche, Chavan, Chimu and of course Inca. In addition to its great historical past, Peru is located in a place with amazing nature. The Andes mountain range is located here, which attracts many lovers of outdoor activities and beautiful nature. Extreme vacation can provide a walk through the Amazon Valley, which is also called the "green hell". The Pacific coastline is home to many first-class beaches where anyone can relax.
Geography of Peru
Peru is located in the western part of South America. The north of the state is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia, and in the east by Bolivia, Chile and Brazil. The western part is washed by the Pacific Ocean. The western coast of Peru has a desert character, and to the east is the Andes mountain belt, maximum height here is 6,700 m. The southern part of Peru is known for the fact that there are several dozen volcanoes, some of which have already died down, and some are still active. The height of the large volcano is 5 800 m. The surface of the mountains above 3 500 m is covered steppe vegetation and evergreen coniferous shrubs and trees grow below.
Peru's area is 1,285,216 km2. sq., occupies the 20th place in the world in terms of area.
Population
40th place in the world, 29,496,000 people.
The state currency is the new salt (PEN).
The official language is Spanish.
Visa for Peru
A visa is not required to visit Peru for up to 3 months. If you are planning a longer stay in Peru, you must apply for a visa at the Peruvian Embassy in Moscow. When crossing the border, you must show your passport, as well as return tickets. In some cases, proof of solvency may be required (cash, checks, credit card, etc.).
Weather in Peru
Due to the relief diversity of the country, the climatic conditions are also varied here. On the coast of the Pacific Ocean, the temperature all year round remains within - +16 +25 C. The air humidity here is extremely low, precipitation does not exceed 200 mm per year, most often precipitation is represented by a specific fine drizzle, which is called "garua". Mountain areas at an altitude of 3.5 km are characterized by a temperate climate. In winter, the temperature can drop to +4 C, and in summer +16 C. Above, the influence of the mountain climate begins, where the temperature in winter is 0 -7 C, and in summer it rarely rises above +10 C. In the eastern part of the country, the average monthly temperature in summer is +18 +27 C, and in winter +16 +26 C. There is a lot of precipitation here (700-3000 mm per year), the maximum amount of precipitation occurs in November-March.
Peru landmarks
The capital of Peru - the city of Lima, is located on the Pacific Ocean coast. During the Conquest, it was a military center that belonged to the Spaniards. Now it is a huge city, the climate of which is not very favorable for living, however, this does not prevent local residents from living in a dry and hot place, where millions of cars create smog every day, thanks to which it has gained the reputation of "a city where the sun does not shine." However, it will be interesting for tourists to see the city center, which is now a historical site, and the world organization UNESCO declared it World cultural heritage humanity. Tourists who visit Lima can see the interesting and unusual area of theaters Miraflores, in which, in addition to theaters, there are many restaurants. Nightlife lovers should visit the bohemian Barranco quarter. The best place to shop in Lima is considered to be the "Indian markets" of huge sizes (Merchado Indio, Pueblo Libre, etc.). More scenic spots are outside the city. The Markahuasi plateau, located at an altitude of almost 4,000 meters, is located 80 km from the capital. In this place, you can see an incredible number of sculptures and various rock paintings, the origin of which cannot be established to this day. Pachacamac is located 30 km south of Lima, located on a rocky cliff - this was the main religious site in the pre-Hindu period, where worship of the "Creator of the Earth" took place. Those who are interested in ancient history should definitely visit the city of Cusco, which is considered the oldest city in Peru. This city was once the capital of the Inca empire. According to legend, it was founded in 1200. Although it was the capital of a mighty empire hundreds of years ago, life is in full swing here even today, despite the fact that the city is located at an altitude of 3,500 meters. The entire city was recognized as a World Cultural Heritage, which is not surprising, because everything here, from stone roads to the foundations of houses, was carved by the Incas from the stones of the local rock. The streets here are very narrow and straight. For defense, several centuries ago, special stone watercourses were built here, which permeate the entire city. Cusco can be confidently called the archaeological capital of South America. In the northwest of Cusco, at an altitude of 3,500 meters, the Sacsayhuaman complex of structures is located. During the time of the Incas, this place was a religious and military center. This incredible fortress was built by the Incas from boulders that fit together in such a way that there are practically no gaps between them. The walls have a zigzag shape, and the building has stood for several centuries without the slightest maintenance in excellent condition. The center of this monument is the "Throne of the Inca", surrounded by 21 bastions with towers, each of which could shelter a building from thousands of soldiers. The most famous and most mysterious monument of the Inca civilization - Machu Picchu ("old mountain") is located 112 km north-west of Cusco. The ancient sacred city of the Incas, around the true purpose of which there is still controversy, occupies an area of about 33 thousand hectares on a flat mountain plateau located at an altitude of 2,700 m above sea level in the Urubamba Valley. Excavations carried out in Machu Picchu have revealed to the world the famous Intihuatana Gate of the Sun and an observatory, palaces, temples (including the famous Temple of Three Windows and Sacred Square) carved into the rock or built of carefully fitted giant blocks other buildings, defensive walls, stairs, gutters and pools, thousands of terraces carved into rocks for cultivation of crops, the Moon Palace at the foot of the neighboring Huayna Picchu ("young mountain"), as well as numerous burials and objects of the pre-Inca period. One of the main pearls of Peru is the Nazca desert, which is located in the southern part of the country. This desert is a huge (500 sq. Km.) Stone plateau, which is indented with huge drawings, visible only from a height. Drawings can be up to 40 km in size and are executed in one line, which is carved into the rocky surface. Scientists believe that these drawings were created between 350 - 700 BC. but it is not yet known for what purpose this was done. In addition to strange images, the Nazca desert is famous for another attraction, namely the Chauchilla necropolis, which, modern scientists attribute to the 1st century BC.
National cuisine of Peru
Despite the great influence on the part of European peoples, Peruvian cuisine remains national and unique in its own way. The culinary traditions were adopted from the Indians once living here, the gifts that the Peruvian land brings are used in the preparation. Common to all of Peru is a huge amount of peppers, garlic and potatoes. Corn and other vegetables. Which are present in most national dishes. The most popular dish is "saltado", which is a kind of vegetable stew with a lot of seasonings. Fans of exotic and spicy dishes should try the spicy soup à la creole. This soup contains beef, noodles, eggs and, of course, hot peppers. In the Amazon Valley, as well as on the Pacific Ocean, a variety of seafood is used in abundance. Most of all attention should be paid to marinated fish with potatoes, assorted seafood, as well as a very spicy and spicy seafood soup "supe de mariscos".
Transport
The country has a relatively extensive and developed network of airlines, but it is best to travel around the country by train. It is advisable to buy tickets for trains in the first class, since the seats in other classes are not very comfortable. You can also travel around the country by bus, especially since several important roads in South America pass through Peru. The best urban transport is route taxis and buses. Unfortunately, there is no clear bus schedule here. It will be convenient to use taxi services, but in this case it is necessary to agree on payment in advance, as local taxi drivers may overcharge the price. Prerequisites for renting a car are the presence of an international driver's license, credit card and age over 23 years.
Currency exchange in Peru
As of August 2011, the rate is 1 USD = 2.73 PEN. Peruvian banks are open on weekdays from 09.00 to 17.00, and on Saturday until 13.00. In small towns, banks may have their own opening hours. In addition to banks, money can be exchanged at the "casas de cambio" exchange offices, hotels (the commission in hotels is quite large), and large stores. It is necessary to keep the exchange receipts until leaving Peru, as it will be used to exchange the unspent national currency. Metropolitan ATMs can dispense both local money and US dollars. Credit cards and traveler's checks are served only in the capital and tourist cities.
Electricity
220V / 60Hz (American and European type sockets).
Religion
The overwhelming majority of Peruvians identify themselves as followers of Roman Catholic Christianity. There are also Protestant denominations and representatives of other faiths, including traditional local beliefs.
Security
The main problem in Peru is the large number of thefts. The state ranks one of the first places in the number of crimes among the countries of South America. Thieves work not only at train stations and public transport, but also simply on the street. You should not take large sums of money or important documents with you. Never leave your belongings unattended. It is recommended to refrain from visiting slum areas. Valuables cannot be left in the room either, the administration is not responsible for them, it is best to use the safe. Be careful when withdrawing money from ATMs, as there are a lot of robberies near them.
Health
Treatment in Peru is paid, so it is best to have international medical insurance with you. Many hotels have their own doctor who can provide first aid and give further referrals to the clinic. In the capital of the state and its suburbs, there are ambulance services that speak English well enough. Russian consulate
Peru is a distant South American country with an intriguing history, unique architecture and extraordinary natural diversity. As the owner of one of the new seven wonders of the world - the mysterious city of Machu Picchu, Peru is rightfully proud of the richest heritage of the Inca empire. This colorful country full of contrasts attracts tourists not only with its richest archaeological heritage, but also with its authentic colonial architecture, exquisite gastronomy, and virgin nature in the mountains and jungle. Located in the Andes on the western coast of South America, the country borders Ecuador in the northwest, Colombia in the north, Brazil in the east, and Bolivia and Chile in the southeast. In the west, its coastline is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Peru is considered one of the largest countries in South America in terms of area, according to this indicator, it ranks third after Brazil and Argentina. Its area is quite impressive and amounts to 1,285,216 km².
The population of the country as of 2012 exceeds 30,475,144 people. The capital of Peru is the city of Lima with a population of 9,437,493 people. The national currency of the country is Peruvian New Sol, PEN. On average, the exchange rate against the dollar is about two and a half to one, that is, for one dollar they give 2.7 salts. The official language in the country is Spanish, but in regions with a predominance of the Indian population, the official languages are Quechua and Aymara.
Peru is a very religious country, the main religion in the country is Catholicism
PERU CUSTOMS REGULATIONS
In Peru, there are no too tough customs regulations... As everywhere else, drugs, weapons and ammunition are prohibited from import. For the import of sausages and, in particular, dry-cured ham, a special certificate of validity from the manufacturer is required. It is allowed to import up to 2.5 liters of strong alcoholic beverages per person, as well as up to 400 cigarettes. Import and export of foreign and national currency is not limited. Export is limited only to previously imported amounts. It should be remembered that the export of items of archaeological or historical value from the country is strictly prohibited.
HISTORY OF PERU
The richest, full of dramatic history of the country can be conditionally subdivided into several main periods:
- Early period predating the Inca empire
- Inca period in pre-Columbian America
- Spanish conquest of Peru
- The struggle for independence
- Pacific Wars of the 19th century
- Modern period
The appearance of the first inhabitants on the territory of modern Peru dates back to the 10th millennium BC. BC, when the settlement of the river valleys of the coast began. It is known that in that distant period, various Indian cultures and civilizations already existed on the territory of Peru, the most famous and developed of which are Nazca, Chincha and Paracas. These peoples appeared on the territory of modern Peru long before the rise of the Inca empire and in their way played the role of their predecessors, however, they were subsequently conquered and absorbed by the Incas. And only in the XII century, in the valley of the Urubamba River, the Tahuantinsuyu Inca state arose, one of the most unusual civilizations in world history. This event is considered the most important in the context of the country's history, which largely determined its further development and the course of history. Over the course of five centuries, the Inca state became the largest empire of pre-Columbian America. The Inca possessions covered the territories of modern Peru, Bolivia, Chile, parts of Colombia, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. The Incas were engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, weaving and pottery, gold and silver processing, and were also skilled builders. The famous agricultural terraces of the Incas allowed them to harvest several crops a year, and an ingenious irrigation system of canals and plumbing provided uninterrupted water supply. The unique stonework of the Incas excites the minds of scientists to this day. The disadvantages of this civilization include the lack of writing and wheels. In the middle of the 15th century, the Inca state reached its peak under the legendary Inca Pachacutec. This time became the golden era of the Inca empire. But, despite its power, the Inca empire was hastily conquered and conquered by the Spanish conquistadors. In 1533, the Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro, easily conquered the colossal Inca empire. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that by that time the Inca empire was weakened by internal enmity and strife, and they identified the Spanish horsemen with deities. But still, the Incas fought the conquistadors for another forty years, and only in 1572 did it finally end when the last Inca, Tupac Amaru, was executed on the main square.
In 1544, the Viceroyalty of Peru was established on the territory of the Inca Empire, the main stronghold of Spain on the new continent. Thus began a period of colonial rule in Peru, which lasted three centuries and brought much suffering to its people.
In the early 19th century, a liberation movement broke out across South America. At that time, Peru was the most notorious stronghold of Spanish colonialism, from where the royal troops were sent on missions of conquest to other countries. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that in 1820 a liberation movement began in Lima, led by General San Martin. San Martin took Lima and on July 28, 1821 proclaimed the independence of Peru, becoming its protector. In 1823, the Spaniards still managed to regain control of Peru, and San Martin had to urgently return to Chile. But already in 1824 Peru was invaded by the troops of Sucre, an associate of Bolivar, who finally defeated the Spaniards. It was Bolivar who had the privilege of forming the country, dividing it into two parts - Peru proper and Bolivia. This is how it came about independent state Peru.
In the 19th century, Peru, together with Bolivia, waged a war against Chile, which sought to seize large deposits saltpeter in their territories. This war, which lasted from 1879 to 1883, went down in history as the Second Pacific War. As a result of the war, Peru was defeated, and the Peruvian province of Tarapaca and the Bolivian Antofagasta, the disputes about which do not subside between these countries to this day, went to Chile.
Speaking about the modern period of the country's history, one cannot ignore the following moments in the development of the republic:
- In the 70s and 80s, the Maoist guerrilla movement of the left-wing radical Sendero Luminoso emerged and grew stronger in the country, provoking a wave of terror and instability in the country.
- 1985-1990 - the first presidency of Alan Garcia, characterized by a high level of inflation and corruption.
- 1990-2001 - Presidency of Alberto Fujimori characterized by authoritarian regime, violation of human rights and the organization of "death squads" to fight left-wing radical movements.
- 2001 - the overthrow of the Fujimori regime as a result of massive popular demonstrations, criticism of international organizations and disagreements within the leadership. After scandals and exposure of various human rights violations, the president fled to Japan, from where he announced his resignation. Fujimori was later sentenced to a lengthy prison term.
- 2001-2006 - term of office of President Alejandro Toledo.
- 2006-2011 - the second presidency of Alan Garcia, characterized by forceful methods of government.
- June 5, 2011 - Ollanta Humala, leader of the Peruvian Nationalist Party, who became the country's first president of Indian descent, is elected new president.
The ethnic composition of Peru is conditionally subdivided into three parts by habitat. The most populated are the so-called Costa (Pacific coast) and Sierra (mountain valleys near the coast), and least of all - the Amazon selva. Most of the population is of mixed origin, which is typical for most countries in the South American continent. The capital and the coastline are home to the largest population of European descent. Basically, these are the descendants of the Spaniards, as well as Italians, French and Germans. These people make up the country's elite and occupy a privileged position in it. There are also many Asians in the country, mainly of Chinese and Japanese origin. The most famous Japanese Peruvian - ex-president Alberto Fujimori. The majority of the population of the Costa is mestizo; in the mountains and the Amazon, Indians predominate, accounting for 52% of the country's population.
Speaking about the peculiarities of the character and mentality of the Peruvians, first of all, one can note their good nature and courtesy, the desire to provide guests of their country with a warm welcome and serve in everything. Peruvians treat tourists with great respect and very carefully. Such qualities national character can not but rejoice. Most of the Peruvians, especially in the service sector, have a high cultural level, know and respect the rich history of their country. In general, people make a very good impression. The Peruvian intelligentsia deserves special attention, this is a special caste, whose representatives are at the highest level in terms of education, overall development and intelligence. In no other country in South America you will meet people of such a high intellectual and spiritual level. Apparently, to some extent this is directly related to the ancient history and culture of this country, the spiritual heritage of the nation!
Economically, Peru is an agricultural country with a developed mining and manufacturing industry. The country is rich in such natural resources like copper, silver, gold, oil, timber, iron ore, coal, gas. Exports copper, gold, zinc, oil and oil products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, processed fish and fish meal.
The standard of living in the country is quite low, but for last years Peru has made a powerful leap forward in its development, as a result of which people began to live much better and better quality. If 20 years ago the country was shocked by the blatant poverty on the verge of poverty, now there is no trace of it. In all areas of life, noticeable progress and quality improvements are visible. A country with the richest potential, with ancient history and cultural heritage, according to all forecasts, in the coming years it should get ahead and give its population the opportunity to live with dignity.
Russians no longer need a visa to Peru. Citizens of the Russian Federation can stay in Peru without a visa for ninety days.
How to get to Peru
It is most reasonable to start your journey from the capital of the country - this is the most Big City, and flights there will be much cheaper and more frequent than other cities in Peru.
The easiest and most logical option to fly to Lima () from Russia is flights of one of the European airlines with a connection at its home airport. These are Iberia, Air France, KLM, Air Europa and Lan. All flight options from your city to Peru, see using the form below.
Search for flights to Peru
How to get from Peru to Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador
V recent times tourists are increasingly combining a visit to Peru with Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador. The most convenient way to travel from Lima to these countries is with direct LAN flights. Today, this airline is considered the undisputed leader in the Latin American aviation market. LAN is famous for its impeccable service and reliable aircraft, but its ticket prices are quite high. The average cost of an economy class ticket on the Lima-Santiago-Lima route will be approximately $ 400, provided that the ticket is purchased several months before departure. Immediately on the eve of departure, prices can reach $ 700. The journey takes four hours.
Cities and regions of Peru
Administratively, the territory of Peru is divided into 25 regions, which in turn are subdivided into numerous provinces and regions. Each of the regions has its own interesting specifics and features, both natural-geographical and cultural-historical.
| № | Region | Capital |
| 1 | Amasonas | Chachapoyas |
| 2 | Ankash | Huaraz |
| 3 | Apurimac | Abankay |
| 4 | Arequipa | Arequipa |
| 5 | Ayacucho | Ayacucho |
| 6 | Cajamarca | Cajamarca |
| 7 | Callao | Callao |
| 8 | Cuzco | Cuzco |
| 9 | Huancavelica | Huancavelica |
| 10 | Huanuco | Huanuco |
| 11 | Ica | Ica |
| 12 | Junin | Huancayo |
| 13 | La Libertad | Trujillo |
| 14 | Lambayeque | Chiclayo |
| 15 | Lima | Lima |
| 16 | Loreto | Iquitos |
| 17 | Madre de Dios | Puerto Maldonadlo |
| 18 | Moquegua | Moquegua |
| 19 | Pascoe | Sierra de pasco |
| 20 | Piura | Piura |
| 21 | San Martin | Myobamba |
| 22 | Puno | Puno |
| 23 | Tacna | Tacna |
| 24 | Tumbes | Tumbes |
| 25 | Ucayali | Pucallpa |
Peru landmarks
As a rule, a visit to Peru begins with the capital. Other attractions and interesting places very scattered and distant from each other. Below you will find links to attractions in Lima, Arequipa, Cuzco, Puno and other regions of Peru.
Attractions in the rest of Peru
- Oksapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha Nature Reserve
- Gera Falls
- National Peruvian Railway Museum
- Mancora Resort
- Puerto Pizarro resort
National parks of Peru:
There are many natural parks on the territory of the country, of which the following are recognized as the most interesting and worth visiting:
- Manu National Park in the Madre de Dios region
- Tambopata-Kandamo National Reserve in the Madre de Dios region
- Paracas National Park in the Ica region
- Huascaran National Park in the Ankash region
- Pacaya-Samiriya National Reserve in the Loreto region
Where to go in Peru
sights
Museums and galleries
Parks and recreation areas
Transport
Private guides in Peru
Russian private guides will help you to get acquainted with Peru in more detail.
The project Experts.Tourister.Ru is registered.
Things to do
In addition to the myriad of various attractions, Peru can offer its guests a wide range of activities, both sports, entertainment and educational. Here you can walk in the mountains, go horseback riding, ride mountain bikes, motorcycles or jeeps, raft down rivers, go surfing and alpine skiing and even paragliding! The latter fun is especially common in the capital. Since Lima is located above sea level, the very structure of the city is conducive to paragliding. In the Miraflores area, you can easily fly over the ocean and terraces of the coastline, feeling like a bird. Almost constant streams warm air allow you to start and land in the same place.
Festivals and celebrations in Peru
As a deeply religious country, Peru has an incredible number of different religious holidays on its calendar. Major holidays - Good Friday and Easter are celebrated on a grand scale throughout the country. In the most religious cities of the country - Lima, Cuzco and Ayacucho, massive colorful ceremonies and solemn processions take place. And All Saints Day is celebrated throughout the country with the traditional ceremony of visiting the graves of their ancestors. The most important holiday in the life of local residents - "Inti Raymi" - the holiday of the summer solstice is celebrated on June 24th. A colorful ceremony of welcoming the Sun and worshiping him is held annually in Cusco and Sacsayhuaman, gathering a myriad of tourists from all over the world. On November 5, Puno hosts an unusual celebration of the symbolic appearance of the first Inca Manco Capac and his girlfriend on Lake Titicaca.
In addition, each region has its own local holidays in the format of events of local history and the veneration of the patron saints of this particular area, which makes such events unique in their own way and unlike others.
Thus, in February, the Marineri Dance Festival is held in Trujillo, in March - the Vendimia Wine Festival in Ica, in June - the San Juan Festival in Iquitos, in April - the Peruvian horse competition in Pachakamas, and in November - Bullfighting in Lima. It is also interesting to see what cockfighting is, a popular entertainment among Peruvians that is held in the capital throughout the year.
Traveling around the country
Public transport developed in Peru quite well and represented by airplanes, buses and trains.
Airplanes in Peru
In a country with such a difficult terrain as Peru, air traffic plays an important role - after all, many difficult-to-pass places can be reached exclusively by air. Moreover, if you are traveling long distances, it makes sense to use the services of one of the local airlines, for example, TACA, StarPeru or Peruvian Airlines. TACA is considered the best airline in the Peruvian aviation market, leading in all respects, and, accordingly, having the highest ticket prices.
Before purchasing tickets for domestic flights, keep in mind that there are pitfalls here. The fact is that in Peru there is a differentiation in tariffs for foreign and national passengers, but this applies only to two top tourist destinations - Cuzco and Iquitos. And the difference in price is quite significant - for comparison, a ticket from Lima to Cusco for a Peruvian will cost about $ 80, and for a foreigner already as much as $ 170!
Buses in Peru
The choice of a bus company should be approached with all seriousness, because your safety and comfort directly depends on it. The undisputed leader among the bus companies in Peru is the Cruz del Sur. The buses of this company are comfortable and reliable, and the price-quality ratio is one of the best in the entire Latin American continent. Peru has different kinds In terms of seating comfort, buses are also popular, the most popular of which are semi-folding seats - semicama and fully folding ones - cama. The bus is the most popular mode of transport in the country, inexpensive and comfortable. The network of bus routes of various companies covers almost the entire territory of the country. It makes sense to take a bus over medium distances, for example from Cusco to Puno or Arequipa. It doesn't make sense to go by bus from Lima to Cuzco or Piura, it will take too long and be quite tiring. But if you have a limited budget and a lot of time, then this option will be quite acceptable. For example, a bus ride from Lima to Cusco takes about 12 hours on average and costs about $ 30.
From other bus companies with positive reviews, you can name the following:
- Buses Flores Hermanos
- Tepsa
- Linea
- Ormeno
- Oltursa
Security
Peru is a rather poor country with all the ensuing consequences, so it is not at all surprising that the crime rate is quite high here. However, this does not mean at all that during your journey you will be in danger at every step. The top tourist spots in the country are in relative order and there is nothing to worry about. In Lima, Miraflores and Barranco are considered the safest areas. The center of the capital is supervised around the clock by the tourist police, whose task is to protect the guests of the city and help them in every possible way. Cusco is generally a calm and safe city, but it is better not to go to the popular districts of Santa Clara and especially around the market, especially alone. It is worth remembering that in every city there are certain areas where tourists are not recommended to go.
Here are some precautions to take when traveling in this country:
- You should not provoke the local population with your appearance, put on expensive jewelry, demonstrate expensive equipment, large amounts of cash.
- Leave valuables, documents and cash in the hotel safe. It is better to carry a photocopy of your passport with you.
- If you need to withdraw money from an ATM, it is better to do it during the day and with an accompanying person.
- It is better to order a taxi at a hotel or in a restaurant. When paying with taxi drivers, it is better to give the exact amount, there were times when taxi drivers pretended that they had no change.
- Get a good look at what local money looks like. There have been cases when traders gave change to tourists with old, out-of-circulation bills.
- Try to avoid places of large gathering of people, in a crowd it is much easier for thieves to quietly pull out money. Accordingly, always keep an eye on your bags and wallets.
- Do not carry large amounts of cash with you, it is better to limit yourself to a small amount in accordance with your daily spending.
- Women traveling alone can often hear whistling and explicit compliments from Peruvian men. It's okay if you don't contact them. It is better to pretend that you do not understand their intentions and pass by.
- Walking alone at night is not recommended. If you do not have a company and you are late, you should call an official taxi.
For emergencies, dial 105 (rescue service), police number in Lima is 714-313.
If you have lost your documents, as well as in any other difficult situation, we recommend that you contact