Life is not easy for monarchs. Some rulers had a particularly hard time, because their term of office was too long. This article will tell you about the rulers who ruled their states for the longest time.
The first place on the list goes to Egyptian Pharaoh from the 4th dynasty of the pharaohs. Some historians refute the information that Piopi II ruled for 94 years, since there is no 100% proof for this. According to official information, the boy ascended the throne at the age of 6, and lived in the status of a pharaoh until he was 100 years old (in the photo there is a statue of Piopi II as a child).
Bernard VII
This ruler successfully ruled his state for 81 years. Although the state of Lippe-Detmold was small, it flourished during the reign of Bernard VII. At the moment, this state does not exist, and its lands are part of Germany. Historians nicknamed Bernard the Warlike for courage and determination. Interestingly, the current queen of the Netherlands comes from the Lippe family.
Christian August Sulzbach
For 75 years, Christian led independent state Palatinate-Sulzbach, part of the Roman Empire. This monarch distinguished himself by tolerance, and under him citizens could choose their own religion. During his reign, the duchy became a spiritual center.
Georg Wilhelm of Schaumburg-Lippsky
Georg ruled the small principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, which at that time was part of the German Empire. The reign of George Wilhelm lasted 73 years, and it was remembered by the state's accession to the customs union with Prussia. It was under him that the first constitution was created.
Louis XIV de Bourbon
The famous ruler of France and Navarre. Louis had incredibly luxurious and magnificent decorations, for which he was nicknamed "the sun king". The reign of Louis led to an increase in the military power of the country and an active cultural development... The ruler was in power for 72 years.
Queen Victoria
British queen who came to power at the age of 20. The girl served her country for 64 years. In history, the period of her reign is better known as the "Victorian era". Great Britain flourished when this queen was in power.
Elizabeth II
The only queen of the rating, who runs the state to this day. In 2015, Elizabeth will catch up with Victoria in terms of the time she ruled the country, and so far the queen has only been in power for 63 years. It is interesting that the era of chivalry is long over, but the queen has made many worthy English knights.
Hirohito
This ruler of Japan passed away in 1989. In fact, after 1945, Hirohito was only a formal ruler, and real power was in the hands of the prime minister. However, the monarchy in Japan has been preserved as a tribute to tradition. Hirohito "ruled" the country for 63 years.
Ivan IV the Terrible
Legendary Tsar of the Russian Empire. Most people remember Grozny as an incredibly cruel ruler who killed his own child and mercilessly executed every offender. Of the advantages of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, one can single out the end of the Tatar power in the Volga region and the introduction of printing. Ivan the Terrible ruled for 50 years and 105 days, despite severe health problems.
Malietoa Tanumafili
The king of Samoa died at the age of 94, so today he is considered the oldest ruler of the state. His term of office was 45 years. Interesting fact: the king professed Bahaism, which before him was practiced only by the Romanian Queen Mary of Edinburgh.
Image copyright Getty Image caption Museveni runs for fifth presidential term in Uganda
Presidential elections have begun in Uganda. The current president of the country, Yoweri Museveni, who has been in the post of head of state for 30 years, has been nominated for the fifth time.
Seven opposition candidates are running for elections. The favorite among them is the former personal physician of President Kizz Besige.
Museveni, 71, holds the presidency after winning a five-year civil war in 1986. He is one of the longest-serving leaders in Africa.
His final term in office was due to expire in 2006, but in 2005 he succeeded in lifting constitutional restrictions.
But President Museveni is not the most prominent long-lived politician in the world. Who are they? The BBC Russian Service has become interested in this issue.
Centenarians on the throne
Image copyright Reuters Image caption
Bhumibol Adulyadej has ruled Thailand since 1946
Some seek power through coups or elections, while others receive it from their parents. The most "long-playing" rulers are monarchs.
Image copyright AFP Image caption
Queen Elizabeth II has been on the British throne for 63 years
The 88-year-old king of Thailand has been in power for the longest Bhumibon Adulyadej, who ascended the throne back in 1946.
Image copyright AP Image caption
Hassanal Bolkiah has ruled Brunei since 1967
The 68-year-old sultan of Brunei closes the top three Hassanal Bolkiah in power since 1967.
We choose, we are chosen ...
Among countries with republican or mixed form government, where the head of state is elected, there are also many permanent rulers.
Image copyright AFP Image caption
Cameroon President Paul Biya is 82 years old and still rules the country
Longest - 39 full years ruled by the president of Cameroon Paul Biya who became head of state in 1975. For seven years he ruled the country as prime minister, and then became president. Despite his advanced age - 82 years, Paul Biya does not intend to retire.
Image copyright AP Image caption
Jose Eduardo dos Santos has ruled Angola for 36 years (archive photo)
In second place is the leader of another African state - Jose Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola. Of his 73, he has ruled the state for 36 years.
Image copyright Reuters Image caption
92-year-old President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is the oldest president in the world
Robert Mugabe has ruled Zimbabwe since 1987, but by his age - almost 92 years old - he is the eldest of the entire list.
Last Wednesday, 9 September 2015, Queen Elizabeth II broke her great-great-grandmother Victoria's record to become the longest-running queen in British history. At the moment, Elizabeth II has been on the throne for over 63 years.
It should be noted that the British king is very far from the record holder among the living monarchs - the King of Thailand Rama IX. And both of them - to the absolute champion Sobuza II of Swaziland, who not only managed to sit on the throne for more than 82 years, but also became the father of numerous offspring over the years.
Elizabeth II
Queen Elizabeth ascended the throne in 1952. She has ruled the country longer than any kings and queens in British history or any European monarch alive today.
Sobuza II Swaziland
Sobuza II, king of the state of Swaziland in southern Africa, is the absolute record holder for the reign: he led his people from 1899 to 1982, ascending the throne at the age of four months. Under Sobuz, the country achieved complete independence and economic prosperity. The king was also extremely loving: he had 70 wives, 210 children, and at the time of his death - more than 1000 grandchildren.
Bernard VII, Senor Lippe
The landgrave of the dwarf state of Lippe, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire, is the longest-reigning European monarch. He became lord Lippe shortly after he was one year old, and ruled from 1429 to 1511 - 81 years and 234 days. Moreover, he did not sit in the castle, but actively participated in disputes and strife with neighbors, for which he received the well-deserved nickname "Warlike". The current king of the Netherlands, Willem-Alexander, in one of the lines is a descendant of the glorious Bernard.
Bhagwat Singh
Maharaja Bhagwat Singh ruled over the principality of Gondal from 1869 to 1944 for a total of 74 years and 87 days. Formally, his possessions were independent, although in reality they were under British control. Bhagwat Singh was a typical enlightened monarch: he received a medical degree from the University of Edinburgh, reformed the system of government of the principality, built schools, engineering colleges and hospitals, made education free, established a university where men and women were accepted. In Gondal was built modern system irrigation, railways, telegraph and electricity are installed. In addition, Bhagwat Singh published the first dictionary of the Gujarati language. In 1887 he was knighted.
Rama IX, King of Thailand
King Rama the Great, aka Bhumibon Adulyadej, is the longest-reigning monarch alive today. He took the throne in 1946 and has now reigned for over 69 years. Bhumibol was born in the American state of Massachusetts from the marriage of Prince Mahidol and a commoner and is the only monarch in the world who can apply for US citizenship by birth. The king in Thailand has a predominantly ceremonial status, so it is difficult to say how much Rama IX influences the processes taking place in the country. Bhumibon Adulyadej holds a patent for the creation of artificial clouds, plays the saxophone and enjoys photography. Recently, the press service of the royal court reported about the monarch's illness - he was diagnosed with dropsy of the brain.
Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Johann ruled from 1858 to 1929 - 70 years and 91 days. Under him, Liechtenstein became an independent and neutral state. Prince Johann dissolved the army (at that time it numbered 80 people), established a parliament, constitution and government. But in the memory of his descendants, he remained mainly as a philanthropist and benefactor, who did a lot for the development of science in Austria-Hungary. Johann never married, passing the crown to his brother.
Louis XIV, King of France
Louis XIV of Bourbon, known as the Sun King, was one of the most brilliant monarchs in French history. He ruled from 1643 to 1715 - 72 years and 110 days. Under him, France became the most powerful power in Europe. He centralized the government, created strong army and the navy, fought numerous wars and annexed large territories. Although the French troops were mostly victorious, constant campaigns eventually drained the kingdom.
Franz Joseph I, head of Austria-Hungary
Franz Joseph took the Habsburg throne in 1848 when his father abdicated. He called himself "the last monarch of the old school." Under Franz Joseph, the Habsburg state became a two-pronged monarchy, and he was simultaneously the emperor of Austria, the king of Bohemia and the king of Hungary. Emperor patronized geographic research, under him science and culture flourished. Died Franz Joseph I in 1916, not catching the collapse of his "patchwork empire" and corrected 67 years and 355 days. Franz Josef Land in the North is named in his honor. Arctic Ocean, now part of Russia.
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan
Hirohito ascended the throne in 1926, becoming the 124th emperor of Japan. He chose his throne name Showa, which means "Enlightened World." Nevertheless, it was under Hirohito that Japan entered the Second world war, in which it suffered a crushing defeat. The victors forced the emperor to publicly declare his renunciation of his divine nature, although they did not deprive him of his power. After the war, Hirohito did much to restore Japan's prestige and strengthen diplomatic ties. He died in 1989, having reigned 62 years and 13 days.
Vasily II the Bulgar-Slayer
Basil II was the emperor Byzantine Empire from 960 to 1025. He fought numerous wars, defending the country's borders, made punitive campaigns and annexed new lands to Byzantium. For his campaigns against the Bulgarians, he received the nickname of the Bulgarian fighter: after the battle at Strimon, the emperor ordered to blind 15 thousand Bulgarians taken prisoner. Vasily led an ascetic life and never married. It was during the time of Emperor Vasily II that the baptism of Rus took place, his sister Anna became the wife of Prince Vladimir I Svyatoslavovich. The Bulgarian fighter died in 1025, after 65 years and 237 days of his reign.
Queen Victoria
Until September 9, 2015, Victoria was the longest reigning British monarch: she was crowned in 1837 and died in 1901, having ruled 63 years and 216 days. Under Queen Victoria, the British Empire reached the zenith of power, becoming the strongest state in the world. Almost continuously, the soldiers of the empire fought colonial wars, expanding the borders of Victoria's possessions more and more, and by the time of her death she ruled a quarter of the land. The Queen and her consort Albert had nine children who were married to members of other royal families, which earned Victoria the nickname "grandmothers of all Europe." One of Victoria's granddaughters was Alexandra Feodorovna, the wife of Nicholas II.
Kangxi, Emperor of China
Emperor Xuanye of the Qing Dynasty came to the throne in 1661 when he was six years old, choosing the Kangxi rule ("Prosperity and Radiance") as the motto of his reign. He sat on the throne for 61 years and 316 days - a record time in Chinese history... The time of his reign is considered the golden age of the Chinese Empire: Kangxi strengthened the power of the emperor, annexed new lands to the Celestial Empire, and patronized the sciences and arts. Under him, Confucianism flourished in the empire, many books were published in which the history of the country was presented in a favorable light of the ruling dynasty.
Pedro II Brazilian
Pedro became Emperor of Brazil in 1831 at the age of five and held the throne until 1889. He reigned for 58 years and 222 days and became famous as the patron of the arts and sciences. Under him, Brazil fought three successful wars with its neighbors. Despite his popularity among the people, Pedro was a gentle and indecisive person: for example, he himself was an opponent of slavery, but he did not dare to abolish it. This was done only in 1888, when the emperor sailed to Europe for treatment, and his daughter-regent signed the corresponding decree. Ultimately, Pedro was overthrown by Republican officers supported by wealthy planters, abdicated and spent the rest of his life in exile.
George III, King of Great Britain
George III, the first king of the Hanoverian dynasty to be born in Great Britain, took the throne in 1760 and reigned until 1820, thus spending 59 years and 96 days on the throne, becoming the third longest reign of the British monarch. Under him, Great Britain lost its American colonies, but won a victory in the Napoleonic Wars. But the king never found out about this: in 1811 he became completely blind and mad, and the country was ruled by his son-regent. George died in 1820, until the very end considered a legitimate monarch. He went down in British history as the largest king with children: he had nine sons and six daughters.
Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, King of Malaysia
The history of the reign of Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah is extremely confusing, which is associated with a peculiar political system in Malaysia: the king is elected here for five years. In 1958, Abdul became the sultan of one of the Malaysian sultanates - Kedah, in 1965 - the viceroy of Malaysia, in 1970 - the king, in 1975 he lost this post, in 2006 he again became the viceroy, and since 2011 year again is the king of all Malaysia. Be that as it may, the throne of the ancestors, he takes more than 57 years and is the third longest reign of the monarch living today. He loves golf, football, jazz and is a big fan of Frank Sinatra.
Ivan IV the Terrible
Ivan Vasilievich, who became the Grand Duke of All Russia in 1533 and who died as tsar in 1584, ruled for a total of 50 years and 116 days. Although he occupies a modest 182 place on the list of the longest reigning monarchs, Ivan the Terrible has sat on the Russian throne more than any other ruler. He acquired the fame of one of the most controversial rulers in the entire Russian history: under him the first Zemsky Sobor was convened, a military and administrative reform, the borders of the Russian state were significantly expanded, Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberia were conquered. At the same time, he established an oprichnina, defeated Novgorod and organized mass executions.
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British queen Elizabeth II in February 2017, she celebrated a truly stunning date: the 65th anniversary of the beginning of her reign. 91-year-old Elizabeth has broken every conceivable and inconceivable record of the British monarchy. None of her predecessors or predecessors ruled at such a venerable age. No one before Elizabeth had managed to be on the throne for such a long time.
At the same time, the queen failed (at least not yet) to set a world record for the duration of the reign. History knows even more fantastic cases. So, the pharaoh of the VI dynasty Piopi II was allegedly on the throne for 94 years. However, there is no complete certainty of this.
But it is known for sure that Louis XIV de Bourbon, the king of France, also known as the "sun king", was on the throne for 72 years, which is a record in the entire history of the European monarchy.
King Rama IX of Thailand, who died in October 2016, fell slightly short of the result of his French colleague: his reign ended in 71.
Naturally, the inquisitive Russian mind cannot do without the question: "And how are our people there?" Unfortunately or fortunately, the Russian rulers cannot reach either Piopi II, or the "sun king", or Elizabeth II.
Ivan the Terrible - 50 years and 105 days
One of the most famous rulers of Russia, Ivan IV Vasilyevich, not only took Kazan, Astrakhan and Revel, not only surpassed all the kings, general secretaries and presidents in the number of wives, but also bypassed everyone in terms of the length of his reign. He is the only one who crossed the 50-year mark.
True, this result is not recognized by everyone. Nominally, Ivan IV became the ruler at the age of 3, but he was crowned king only in 1547. In addition, in 1575-1576. king who experimented with state structure, unexpectedly declared Simeon Bekbulatovich to be the "Grand Duke of All Russia". For a number of historians, this is a reason to subtract the indicated time from the reign of Ivan the Terrible.
And yet, the majority recognizes Ivan Vasilyevich as the absolute record holder of Russia.
IvanIII- 43 years, 6 months and 29 days
Ivan III Vasilievich, he is Ivan the Great, put an end to the Horde game. In 1480, Khan Akhmat did not dare to engage in battle with the army of the Grand Duke of Moscow, which went down in history as "Standing on the Ugra".
Ivan III made a huge contribution to the creation The Russian state... Under him, the process of gathering Russian lands around Moscow went much faster. The foundations of a new state ideology were laid, the legislative framework(Code of Laws of Ivan III). And the marriage to Sophia Palaeologus, niece of the last emperor of Byzantium, became the reason for the informal proclamation of Russia as the legal successor of the empire.
Peter the Great - 42 years, 9 months and 1 day
Peter I began his reign at the age of 10 with the presence of co-ruler Ivan Alekseevich, who was his brother, and the regency of their sister Sophia Alekseevna. All this, however, does not prevent the first years of his reign from being included in the general experience of Peter the Great.
He really did a lot: he brought the country to the Baltic, created a fleet, laid new capital and in general turned a regional power into a European empire. Few have been able to spend time so profitably on the throne.
Vladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko - 37 years old, 1 month and 4 days
Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, the baptist of Russia, is the record holder among the rulers Old Russian state... Having become the prince of Kiev at the age of 18, Vladimir ruled for nearly four decades, making the country's transition from paganism to Christianity.
By the way, Vladimir Svyatoslavich, who began his life as a pagan, can compete with Ivan the Terrible in the number of women and definitely surpasses him in the number of children. The latter circumstance became the reason for the cruel fratricidal struggle of the sons of Vladimir for the princely throne.
Catherine the Great - 34 years, 4 months and 8 days
The purebred German woman Sophia Augusta Frederika of Anhalt-Zerbst, having taken the throne of the Russian Empire as a result of a coup in 1762, gave her new homeland as much as most of her Russian predecessors could not.
Ekaterina Alekseevna's "Golden Age" brought Russia an increase in territories in the west and south, including the annexation of Crimea, a large-scale reform government controlled, the final consolidation in the status of a great European power.
The paradox is that Catherine as statesman the public is less interested than how passionate woman... But here all the questions are not to the empress, but to the public.
Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov - 32 years, 4 months and 20 days
The first of the kings of the Romanov dynasty, whose election by the Zemsky Sobor ended the period of the Great Troubles, -
not the most famous Russian monarch.
But for the period of his reign, relations with Poland and Sweden had to be settled, lands along the Yaik, Baikal region, Yakutia were annexed to Russia, access to The Pacific Ocean, the establishment of a strong centralized government and much more. And even the German settlement - the settlement of foreign specialists who arrived at the sovereign's service - was founded under Mikhail Fedorovich.
Joseph Stalin - 30 years, 11 months and 2 days
Joseph Stalin is an unconditional record holder among the leaders of the post-monarchical period. Here, however, it is worth making a reservation that there are several opinions as to from what moment the Stalinist rule can be counted: in some cases, the term will be somewhat shorter.
Stalin is also inferior in terms of rule to several monarchs not listed here, but significantly surpasses them in terms of the degree of influence on the history of the country.
He ruled Rus during the period of Svyatoslav's minority. In the annals, she is not called an independent ruler, but appears as such in Byzantine and Western European sources. She ruled until at least 959, when her embassy to the German king Otto I was mentioned (Chronicle of the Continuer of Reginon). The date of the beginning of the independent rule of Svyatoslav is not exactly known. In the annals, the first campaign is marked by the year 6472 (964) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 64), but it is likely that it still started earlier.
* Usachev A.S. Evolution of the story about the origin of Princess Olga in the Russian book culture of the middle of the 16th century. // Pskov in Russian and European history: International scientific conference: In 2 volumes. T. 2.M., 2003. S. 329-335.
The beginning of his reign in the annals is marked by the year 6454 (946) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 57), and the first independent event - 6472 (964). See previous note. Killed in the spring of 6480 (972) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 74).
Prozorov L. R. Svyatoslav the Great: "I'm going to you!" - 7th ed. - M .: Yauza-press, 2011 .-- 512 p., 3,000 copies, ISBN 978-5-9955-0316-3
Planted in Kiev by his father, who went on a campaign against Byzantium, in 6478 (970) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 69). Expelled from Kiev and killed. All the annals date it to the year 6488 (980) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 78, vol. IX, p. 39). According to "In memory and praise for the Russian prince Vladimir" Vladimir entered Kiev June 11 6486 (978
) of the year.
Yaropolk I Svyatoslavich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
According to the preamble to the chronicle, he reigned for 37 years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 18). According to all the chronicles, he entered Kiev in 6488 (980) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 77), according to "In memory and praise for the Russian prince Vladimir" - June 11 6486 (978
) year (Library of Literature of Ancient Rus. Vol.1. P.326). The dating of 978 was especially actively defended by A. A. Shakhmatov, but there is still no consensus in science. He died on July 15, 6523 (1015) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 130).
Karpov A. Yu. Vladimir Saint. - M .: Young Guard - Series: Life of Remarkable People; issue 738. Russian word, 1997.448 p., ISBN 5-235-02274-2. 10,000 copies
A. Yu. Karpov Vladimir Saint. - M. "Young Guard", 2006. - 464 p. - (ZhZL). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-235-02742-6
He began to reign after the death of Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 132). Defeated by Yaroslav in the late autumn of 6524 (1016) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 141-142).
Philist G. M. History of the "crimes" of Svyatopolk the Accursed. - Minsk, Belarus, 1990.
He began to reign in the late autumn of 6524 (1016). Broken in the Battle of the Bug July 22(Titmar of Merseburg. Chronicle VIII 31) and fled to Novgorod in 6526 (1018) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 143).
Azbelev S.N. Yaroslav the Wise in the annals // Novgorod land in the era of Yaroslav the Wise. Veliky Novgorod, 2010.S. 5-81.
Sat on the throne in Kiev 14 august 1018 (6526) years ( Titmar of Merseburg... Chronicle VIII 32). According to the chronicle, he was expelled by Yaroslav in the same year (apparently, in the winter of 1018/19), but usually his exile is dated to 1019 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 144).
He sat in Kiev in 6527 (1019) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 146). According to a number of chronicles, he died on February 20, 6562 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 150), on the first Saturday of St. Theodore's fast, that is, in February 1055 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 162). The same year 6562 is indicated in graffiti from Hagia Sophia. However, the most probable date is determined by the day of the week - 19 february 1054 on Saturday (in 1055 the fast began later).
He began to reign after the death of his father (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 162). Expelled from Kiev September 15th 6576 (1068) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 171).
Kivlitskiy E.A. Izyaslav Yaroslavich, Grand Duke of Kiev // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Sat on the throne September 15th 6576 (1068), reigned for 7 months, that is, until April 1069 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 173)
Ryzhov K. All the monarchs of the world. Russia. - M .: Veche, 1998 .-- 640 p. - 16,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7838-0268-9.
He sat on the throne on May 2, 6577 (1069) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 174). Exiled in March 1073 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 182)
He sat on the throne on March 22, 6581 (1073) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 182). He died on December 27, 6484 (1076) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 199).
Kivlitskiy E.A. Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, Prince of Chernigov // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
He sat on the throne on January 1, March 6584 (January 1077) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 190). In July of the same year, he ceded power to his brother Izyaslav.
Sat on the throne July 15 6585 (1077) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 199). Killed October 3 6586 (1078) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 202).
He sat on the throne in October 1078. Died 13 april 6601 (1093) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 216).
Sat on the throne April 24 6601 (1093) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 218). Died 16 april 1113 year. The ratio of the March and Ultramart years is indicated in accordance with the research of N.G. Berezhkov, in the Laurentian and Trinity Chronicles 6622 the Ultramart year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 290; Trinity Chronicle. St. Petersburg, 2002, p. 206), according to the Ipatiev Chronicle 6621 March year (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 275).
Sat on the throne 20 April 1113 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 290, vol. VII, p. 23). Died May 19 1125 (March 6633 according to the Laurentian and Trinity Chronicles, Ultramart 6634 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 295, vol. II, stb. 289; Trinity Chronicle. P. 208)
Orlov A.S. Vladimir Monomakh. - M.-L .: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1946.
Sat on the throne May 20 1125 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 289). Died April 15 1132 on Friday (in the Laurentian, Trinity and Novgorod first annals on April 14, 6640, in the Ipatiev Chronicle on April 15, 6641 of the Ultramart year) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 301, vol. II, stb. 294, vol. III, p. . 22; Trinity Chronicle. P.212). The exact date is determined by the day of the week.
Sat on the throne 17 april 1132 (Ultramart 6641 in the Ipatiev Chronicle) year (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 294). Died 18th of Febuary 1139, March 6646 in the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart 6647 in the Ipatiev Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 306, vol. II, stb. 302) In the Nikon Chronicle, November 8, 6646 (PSRL, vol. IX, stb. 163).
Khmyrov M.D. Yaropolk II Vladimirovich // Alphabetical reference list of Russian sovereigns and the most remarkable persons of their blood. - SPb. : Type of. A. Benke, 1870 .-- S. 81-82.
Yaropolk II Vladimirovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Sat on the throne February 22 1139 on Wednesday (March 6646, in the Ipatiev Chronicle on February 24 of Ultramart 6647) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 306, vol. II, stb. 302). The exact date is determined by the day of the week. 4 march retired to Turov at the request of Vsevolod Olgovich (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 302).
Sat on the throne 5th of March 1139 (March 6647, Ultramart 6648) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 307, vol. II, stb. 303). Died July 30(so according to Lavrentievskaya and Novgorodskaya fourth annals, according to Ipatievskaya and Voskresenskaya annals on August 1) 6654 (1146) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 313, vol. II, stb. 321, vol. IV, p. 151, vol. . VII, p. 35).
He sat on the throne after the death of his brother. He reigned for 2 weeks (PSRL, vol. III, p. 27, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 227). 13 august 1146 defeated and fled (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 313, vol. II, stb. 327).
Berezhkov M. N. Blessed Igor Olgovich, Prince of Novgorodseversky and Grand Duke of Kiev. / MN Berezhkov - M .: Book on Demand, 2012 .-- 46 p. ISBN 978-5-458-14984-6
Sat on the throne 13 august 1146. He was defeated in battle on 23 August 1149 and left the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 383).
Izyaslav Mstislavich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Sat on the throne August 28 1149 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 322, vol. II, stb. 384), date 28 is not indicated in the annals, but it is calculated almost flawlessly: the next day after the battle, Yuri entered Pereyaslavl, spent three days there and went to Kiev, namely the 28th was Sunday, more suitable for accession to the throne. Exiled in 1150, in the summer (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 396).
A. Yu. Karpov Yury Dolgoruky. - M .: Young Guard, 2006. - (ZhZL).
He sat on the throne in 1150 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 326, vol. II, stb. 398). A few weeks later he was expelled (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 327, vol. II, stb. 402).
He sat on the throne in 1150, around August (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 328, vol. II, stb. 403), after which the Chronicle (vol. II, stb. 404) mentions the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross (14 September). He left Kiev in the winter of 6658 (1150/1) (PSRL, vol. I, art. 330, vol. II, art. 416).
He sat on the throne in 6658 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 330, vol. II, stb. 416). Died the 13th of November 1154 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 341-342, vol. IX, p. 198) (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle on the night of November 14, according to the Novgorod First Chronicle - November 14 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 469 ; vol. III, p. 29).
He sat on the throne with his nephew in the spring of 6659 (1151) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 336, vol. II, stb. 418) (or already in the winter of 6658 (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 186). Died at the end of 6662, shortly after the beginning of Rostislav's reign (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 342, vol. II, stb. 472).
He sat on the throne in 6662 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 342, vol. II, stb. 470-471). According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, he arrived in Kiev from Novgorod and sat for a week (PSRL, vol. III, p. 29). Taking into account the travel time, his arrival in Kiev dates back to January 1155. In the same year he was defeated in battle and left Kiev (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 343, vol. II, stb. 475).
Sat on the throne 12th of February 1161 (Ultramart 6669) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 516) In the Sofia First Chronicle - in the winter of March 6668 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 232). Killed in action March, 6 1161 (Ultramart 6670) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 518).
He sat on the throne in the spring of 6663 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle (at the end of winter 6662 according to the Laurentian Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 345, vol. II, stb. 477) on Palm Sunday (that is 20th of March) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 29, see N. Karamzin, History of the Russian State. Vol. II-III. M., 1991. p. 164). Died May 15 1157 (March 6665 according to the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart 6666 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348, vol. II, stb. 489).
Sat on the throne May 19 1157 (Ultramart 6666, so in the Khlebnikov list of the Ipatiev Chronicle, in its Ipatiev list it is erroneous on May 15) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 490). In the Nikon Chronicle on May 18 (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 208). Expelled from Kiev in the winter of March 6666 (1158/9) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348). According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he was expelled at the end of Ultramart 6667 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 502).
Sat in Kiev December 22 6667 (1158) according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 502, vol. VII, p. 70), in the winter of 6666 according to the Laurentian Chronicle, according to the Nikon Chronicle on August 22, 6666 (PSRL, vol. IX , p. 213), expelling Izyaslav from there, but then ceded him to Rostislav Mstislavich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348)
Sat in Kiev 12th of April 1159 (Ultramart 6668 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 504, date in the Ipatiev Chronicle), in the spring of March 6667 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348). Left besieged Kiev on February 8, ultramart 6669 (that is, in February 1161) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 515).
He ascended the throne again after the death of Izyaslav. Died March 14th 1167 (according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles, died on March 14, 6676 of the Ultramart year, buried on March 21, according to the Lavrentiev and Nikon Chronicles, died on March 21, 6675) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 353, vol. II, stb. 532 , vol. VII, p. 80, vol. IX, p. 233).
He was the legal heir after the death of his brother Rostislav. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, Mstislav Izyaslavich in 6676 expelled Vladimir Mstislavich from Kiev and sat on the throne (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 353-354). In the Sofia First Chronicle, the same message is placed twice: under the years 6674 and 6676 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 234, 236). Also, this plot is presented by Jan Dlugosh (Shchaveleva N.I. Ancient Russia v " Polish history»Jan Dlugosh. M., 2004.S. 326). The Ipatiev Chronicle does not mention the reign of Vladimir at all, apparently, he did not reign then.
According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he sat on the throne May 19 6677 (that is, in this case 1167) years (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 535). The combined army moved to Kiev, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the winter of 6676 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 354), along Ipatievskaya and Nikonovskaya, in the winter of 6678 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 543, vol. IX, p. 237 ), according to the Sofia first, in the winter of 6674 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 234), which corresponds to the winter of 1168/69. Kiev was taken March 12, 1169, on Wednesday (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, 6679, according to the Resurrection, 6678, but the day of the week and the indication of the second week of fasting corresponds exactly to 1169) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 545, vol. VII, p. 84).
He sat on the throne on March 12, 1169 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, 6679 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 545), according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in 6677 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 355).
He sat on the throne in 1170 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle in 6680) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 548). Left Kiev the same year on Monday, in the second week after Easter (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 549).
He sat down again in Kiev after the expulsion of Mstislav. He died, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the ultramart year 6680 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 363). Died January 20th 1171 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, this is 6681, and the designation of this year in the Ipatiev Chronicle exceeds the March count by three units) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 564).
Sat on the throne February, 15 1171 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is 6681) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 566). Died Monday Russian week May 10 1171 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, this is 6682, but the correct date is set by the day of the week) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 567).
Froyanov I. Ya. Ancient Russia IX-XIII centuries. Popular movements. Princely and vechevaya power. M .: Russian Publishing Center, 2012.S. 583-586.
Andrey Bogolyubsky ordered him to sit on the throne in Kiev in the winter of Ultramart in 6680 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle - in the winter of 6681) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 364, vol. II, stb. 566). He sat on the throne in the "month of July" in 1171 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is 6682, according to the Novgorod First Chronicle - 6679) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 568, vol. III, p. 34) Later, Andrei ordered Roman to leave Kiev, and he went to Smolensk (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 570).
According to the Sophia first chronicle, he sat on the throne after Roman in 6680 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 237; vol. IX, p. 247), but immediately ceded to his brother Vsevolod.
He sat on the throne for 5 weeks after Roman (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 570). He reigned in Ultramart in 6682 (both in the Ipatiev and Laurentian annals), together with his nephew Yaropolk was taken prisoner by Davyd Rostislavich to praise the Holy Mother of God - on March 24 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 365, vol. II, stb. 570 ).
Was in Kiev with Vsevolod
He sat on the throne after the capture of Vsevolod in 1173 (6682 Ultramart year) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 571). When Andrei sent an army to the south in the same year, Rurik left Kiev in early September (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 575).
Andreev A. Rurik-Vasily Rostislavich // Russian Biographical Dictionary
In November 1173 (Ultramart 6682) he sat on the throne by agreement with the Rostislavichs (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 578). He reigned in Ultramart in 6683 (according to the Laurentian Chronicle), defeated by Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 366). According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, in the winter of 6682 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 578). In the Resurrection Chronicle, his reign is once again mentioned under the year 6689 (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 96, 234).
Yaropolk Izyaslavovich, son of Izyaslav II Mstislavich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
He sat in Kiev for 12 days and returned to Chernigov (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 366, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 240) (In the Resurrection Chronicle under 6680 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 234)
He sat down again in Kiev, having concluded an agreement with Svyatoslav, in the winter of Ultramart in 6682 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 579). Kiev lost to Roman in 1174 (Ultramart 6683) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 600).
He sat in Kiev in 1174 (Ultramart 6683), in the spring (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 600, vol. III, p. 34). In 1176 (Ultramart 6685) he left Kiev (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 604).
He entered Kiev in 1176 (Ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 604). In 6688 (1181) left Kiev (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 616)
He sat on the throne in 6688 (1181) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 616). But he soon left the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 621).
He sat on the throne in 6688 (1181) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 621). He died in 1194 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle in March 6702, according to the Laurentian Chronicle in Ultramart 6703) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 412), in July, on the Monday before Maccabees day (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 680) ...
He sat on the throne in 1194 (March 6702, Ultramart 6703) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 412, vol. II, stb. 681). Expelled from Kiev by Roman in Ultramart 6710 according to the Laurentian Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 417).
He sat on the throne in 1201 (according to the Laurentian and Voskresenskaya annals in ultramart 6710, according to the Trinity and Nikon annals in March 6709) by the will of Roman Mstislavich and Vsevolod Yurievich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. P. 418; vol. VII, stb. 418; vol. VII. ; v. X, p. 34; Trinity Chronicle. P.284).
He took Kiev on January 2, 1203 (6711 Ultramart) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 418). In the Novgorod First Chronicle on January 1, 6711 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 45), in the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle on January 2, 6711 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 180), in the Trinity and Resurrection Chronicles on January 2, 6710 ( Trinity Chronicle.P.285; PSRL, vol. VII, p. 107). Vsevolod confirmed the rule of Rurik in Kiev. Roman tonsured Rurik as a monk in 6713 according to the Laurentian Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 420) (in the Novgorod first junior edition and Trinity Chronicles winter 6711 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 240; Trinity Chronicle. S. 286), in the Sofia First Chronicle 6712 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 260).
Seated on the throne by agreement of Roman and Vsevolod after Rurik's tonsure in winter (that is, at the beginning of 1204) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 421, vol. X, p. 36).
He re-sat on the throne in July, the month is set on the basis that Rurik unmoved his hair after the death of Roman Mstislavich, which followed on June 19, 1205 (Ultramart 6714) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 426) In the Sofia First Chronicle under 6712 (PSRL , vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 260), in the Trinity and Nikon annals under 6713 (Trinity chronicle. P.292; PSRL, vol. X, p. 50). After an unsuccessful campaign against Galich in March 6714, he retired to Vruchiy (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 427). According to the Laurentian Chronicle, he sat down in Kiev (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 428). In 1207 (March 6715) he again fled to Vruchiy (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 429). It is believed that messages under 1206 and 1207 duplicate each other (see also PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235: interpretation in the Resurrection Chronicle as two reigns)
He sat down in Kiev in March 6714 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 427), around August. Date 1206 is being specified in sync with the campaign to Galich. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the same year he was expelled by Rurik (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 428), then sat in Kiev in 1207, expelling Rurik. In the autumn of the same year, he was again expelled by Rurik (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 433). Messages in the annals under 1206 and 1207 duplicate each other.
He sat down in Kiev in the fall of 1207, about October (Trinity Chronicle. Pp. 293, 297; PSRL, vol. X, pp. 52, 59). In the Trinity and most of the lists of the Nikon Chronicle, duplicate messages are placed under the years 6714 and 6716. The exact date is set in sync with the Ryazan campaign of Vsevolod Yuryevich. By agreement 1210 (according to the Laurentian Chronicle 6718), he went to reign in Chernigov (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 435). According to the Nikon Chronicle - in 6719 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 62), according to the Resurrection Chronicle - in 6717 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235).
He reigned for 10 years and was expelled from Kiev by Mstislav Mstislavich in the fall of 1214 (in the Novgorod first and fourth chronicles, as well as in Nikon's, this event is described under 6722 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 53; vol. IV, p. 185, vol. X, p. 67), in the Sofia First Chronicle it is clearly erroneous under the year 6703 and again under the year 6723 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 250, 263), in the Tver Chronicle twice - under 6720 and 6722, in Resurrection Chronicle under the year 6720 (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 118, 235, vol. XV, stb. 312, 314) The data of the intra-chronicle reconstruction speak for 1214, for example, February 1 of March 6722 (1215) was Sunday, as indicated in the Novgorod First Chronicle, and in the Ipatiev Chronicle Vsevolod is indicated as Kiev prince under the year 6719 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 729), which in its chronology corresponds to 1214 (Mayorov A.V. Galicia-Volyn Rus. St. Petersburg, 2001, p. 411). However, according to N. G. Berezhkov, based on a comparison of the data of the Novgorod Chronicles with the Livonian chronicles, this is 1212.
His short reign after the expulsion of Vsevolod, it was mentioned in the Resurrection Chronicle (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 118, 235).
He sat on the throne after the expulsion of Vsevolod (in the Novgorod First Chronicle under 6722). Killed in 1223, in the tenth year of his reign (PSRL, vol. I, art. 503), after the battle on Kalka, which took place on May 30, 6731 (1223) (PSRL, vol. I, art. 447). In the Ipatiev Chronicle 6732, in the first Novgorod on May 31, 6732 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 63), in the Nikonovskaya on June 16, 6733) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 92), in the introductory part of the Resurrection Chronicle 6733 year (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235), but in the main part of the Resurrection on June 16, 6731 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 132). Killed on June 2, 1223 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 508) There is no number in the annals, but it is indicated that after the battle on Kalka, Prince Mstislav defended himself for three more days. The accuracy of the date of 1223 for the Battle of Kalka is established by comparison with a number of foreign sources.
According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, he sat down in Kiev in 1218 (Ultramart 6727) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 59, vol. IV, p. 199; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 275), which may indicate on his co-government. He sat on the throne after the death of Mstislav (PSRL, vol. I, art. 509) on June 16, 1223 (Ultramart 6732) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, art. 282, vol. XV, art. 343). He was captured by the Polovtsy when they took Kiev in 6743 (1235) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 74). According to the First Sofia and the Moscow-Academic Chronicle, he reigned for 10 years, but the date in them is the same - 6743 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 513; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 287).
In the early annals (Ipatievskaya and Novgorodskaya I) without a patronymic (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 772, vol. III, p. 74), in Lavrentievskaya it is not mentioned at all. Izyaslav Mstislavich in the Novgorod Fourth, Sofia First (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 214; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 287) and the Moscow-Academic Chronicle, in the Tver Chronicle he is called the son of Mstislav Romanovich the Brave, and in Nikonovskaya and Voskresenskaya - the grandson of Roman Rostislavich (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 138, 236; vol. X, p. 104; XV, stb. 364), but there was no such prince (in Voskresenskaya he was named the son of Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev). According to modern scientists, this is either Izyaslav Vladimirovich, the son of Vladimir Igorevich (this opinion is widespread since N.M. Karamzin), or the son of Mstislav Udatny (analysis of this issue: Mayorov A.V. Galitsko-Volyn Rus. St. Petersburg, 2001. P.542-544). He sat on the throne in 6743 (1235) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 513, vol. III, p. 74) (according to Nikonovskaya in 6744). In the Ipatiev Chronicle, it is mentioned under the year 6741.
He sat on the throne in 6744 (1236) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 513, vol. III, p. 74, vol. IV, p. 214). In Ipatievskaya under 6743 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 777). In 1238 he went to Vladimir. The exact month is not indicated in the annals, but it is obvious that this happened shortly or shortly after the battle on the river. City (March 10), in which Yaroslav's elder brother died - Grand Duke Vladimir Yuri. (PSRL, vol. X, p. 113).
A short list of princes at the beginning of the Ipatiev Chronicle places it after Yaroslav (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 2), but this may be a mistake. This reign is accepted by M. B. Sverdlov (Sverdlov M. B. Domongolskaya Rus. St. Petersburg, 2002, p. 653).
He occupied Kiev in 1238 after Yaroslav (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 777, vol. VII, p. 236; vol. X, p. 114). When the Tatars approached Kiev, he left for Hungary (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 782). In the Ipatiev Chronicle under 6746, in the Nikon Chronicle under 6748 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 116).
He occupied Kiev after the departure of Mikhail, expelled by Daniel (in the Ipatiev Chronicle under 6746, in the fourth Novgorod and Sofia first under 6748) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 782, vol. IV, p. 226; VI, issue 1, stb. 301).
Daniel, having occupied Kiev in 6748, left in it a thousand Dmitry (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 226, vol. X, p. 116). Dmitr was in charge of the city at the time of its capture by the Tatars (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 786) on Nikolin's day (that is December 6 1240) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 470).
According to his life, he returned to Kiev after the departure of the Tatars (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 319).
From now on, Russian princes received power with the sanction of the khans (in the Russian terminology of "tsars") of the Golden Horde, who were recognized as the supreme rulers of the Russian lands.
In 6751 (1243) Yaroslav arrived in the Horde and was recognized as the ruler of all Russian lands "Old all prince in the Russian language"(PSRL, vol. I, stb. 470). He sat down in Vladimir. The moment when he took possession of Kiev is not indicated in the annals. It is known that in 1246 (his boyar Dmitry Eikovich was sitting in the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 806, in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is indicated under 6758 (1250) in connection with a trip to the Horde of Daniel Romanovich, the correct date is set by synchronization with Polish sources. September 30th 1246 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471).
After the death of his father, together with his brother Andrey, he went to the Horde, and from there to the capital Mongol Empire- Karakorum, where in 6757 (1249) Andrey received Vladimir, and Alexander - Kiev and Novgorod. Modern historians disagree on which of the brothers belonged to the formal seniority. Alexander did not live in Kiev itself. Until the expulsion of Andrew in 6760 (1252), he ruled in Novgorod, then Vladimir was appointed to the Horde. Died 14 november
Mansikka V.Y. Life of Alexander Nevsky: Analysis of editions and text. - SPb., 1913. - "Monuments of ancient writing." - Issue. 180.
He sat down in Rostov and Suzdal in 1157 (March 6665 in the Laurentian Chronicle, Ultramart 6666 in the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348, vol. II, stb. 490). Moved his residence to Vladimir in 1162. Killed in the evening June 29, on the feast of Peter and Paul (in the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart 6683) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 369) According to the Ipatiev Chronicle on June 28, on the eve of the feast of Peter and Paul (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 580), by The Sofia First Chronicle on June 29, 6683 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 238).
Voronin N.N. Andrey Bogolyubsky. - M .: Aquarius Publishers, 2007 .-- 320 p. - (The legacy of Russian historians). - 2,000 copies - ISBN 978-5-902312-81-9.(in lane)
He sat down in Vladimir in Ultramart 6683, but after 7 weeks of siege withdrew (that is, in about September) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 373, vol. II, stb. 596).
He sat down in Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 374, vol. II, stb. 597) in 1174 (ultramart 6683). June 15th 1175 (Ultramart 6684), defeated and fled (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 601).
Yaropolk III Rostislavich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Sat in Vladimir June 15th 1175 (Ultramart 6684) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 377). (In the Nikon Chronicle on June 16, but the error is established by the day of the week (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 255). Died June 20 1176 (Ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 379, vol. IV, p. 167).
He sat on the throne in Vladimir after the death of his brother in June 1176 (Ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 380). He died, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, on April 13, 6720 (1212), in memory of St. Martin (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 436) In the Tver and Voskresenskaya annals April 15 in memory of the Apostle Aristarchus, on Sunday (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 117; vol. XV, stb. 311), in the Nikon Chronicle on April 14 in memory of St. Martin, on Sunday (PSRL, vol. X, p. 64), in the Trinity Chronicle on April 18, 6721, in memory of St. Martin (Trinity Chronicle. P.299). In 1212, April 15 is Sunday.
He sat on the throne after the death of his father in accordance with his will (PSRL, vol. X, p. 63). April 27 1216, on Wednesday, left the city, leaving it to his brother (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 500, the number in the annals is not directly indicated, but this is the next Wednesday after April 21, which was Thursday).
He sat on the throne in 1216 (Ultramart 6725) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 440). Died February 2 1218 (Ultramart year 6726, so in the Laurentian and Nikon annals) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 442, vol. X, p. 80) In the Tver and Trinity chronicles, 6727 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 329 ; Trinity Chronicle.P.304).
He sat on the throne after the death of his brother. Killed in a battle with the Tatars 4 march 1238 (in the Laurentian Chronicle still under 6745, in the Moscow Academic Chronicle under 6746) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 465, 520).
He sat on the throne after the death of his brother in 1238 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 467). Died September 30th 1246 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471)
He sat on the throne in 1247, when the news of Yaroslav's death came (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471, vol. X, p. 134). According to the Moscow-Academic Chronicle, he sat on the throne in 1246 after a trip to the Horde (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 523) (according to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle, sat down in 6755 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 229).
He expelled Svyatoslav in 6756 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 229). Killed in the winter of 6756 (1248/1249) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471). According to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - in 6757 (PSRL, vol. IV, stb. 230). The exact month is unknown.
He sat on the throne for the second time, but Andrey Yaroslavich drove him out (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 31).
He sat on the throne in the winter of 6757 (1249/50) (in December), having received the reign from the khan (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 472), the ratio of the news in the annals shows that he returned in any case before December 27. He fled from Russia during Tatar invasion at 6760 ( 1252
) year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 473), having been defeated in the battle on the day of St. Boris ( July 24) (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 159). According to Novgorodskaya first junior edition and Sofia's first chronicles, it was in 6759 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 304, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 327), according to Easter tables of the middle of the XIV century (PSRL, vol. III, p. 578), Trinity, Novgorod fourth, Tver, Nikon annals - in 6760 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 230; vol. X, p. 138; vol. XV, stb. 396, Trinity Chronicle. P. 324).
In 6760 (1252) he received a great reign in the Horde and sat down in Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 473) (according to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - in 6761 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 230). Died 14 november 6771 (1263) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 524, vol. III, p. 83).
He sat on the throne in 6772 (1264) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 524; vol. IV, p. 234). Died in winter 1271/72 (Ultramart 6780 in Easter tables (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579), in the first Novgorod and Sofia first annals, March 6779 in the Tver and Trinity chronicles) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 89 , v. VI, issue 1, stb. 353, v. XV, stb. 404; Trinity Chronicle. p. 331). Comparison with the mention of the death of Princess Maria Rostovskaya on December 9 shows that Yaroslav died at the beginning of 1272.
He sat on the throne after the death of his brother in 6780. He died in the winter of 6784 (1276/77) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 323), in january(Trinity Chronicle. P.333).
He sat on the throne in 6784 (1276/77) after the death of his uncle (PSRL, vol. X, p. 153; vol. XV, stb. 405). There is no mention of a trip to the Horde this year.
Received a great reign in the Horde in 1281 (Ultramart 6790 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 324, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 357), in the winter of 6789, having come to Russia in December (Trinity Chronicle. P.338 ; PSRL, vol. X, p. 159), and reconciled with his brother in 1283 (Ultramart 6792 or March 6791 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 326, vol. IV, p. 245; vol. VI, no. ( see analysis: A. A. Gorsky Moscow and the Horde. M., 2003.S. 15-16).
Came from the Horde in 1283, having received a great reign from Nogai. Lost it in 1293.
Received a great reign in the Horde in 6801 (1293) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 327, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 362), returned to Russia in winter (Trinity Chronicle. P. 345). Died July 27 6812 (1304) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 92; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 367, vol. VII, p. 184) (In the Novgorod fourth and Nikon annals on June 22 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 252, v. X, p. 175), in the Trinity Chronicle ultramart 6813 (Trinity Chronicle. P. 351).
Received the great reign in 1305 (March 6813, in the Trinity Chronicle ultramart 6814) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 368, vol. VII, p. 184). (According to the Nikon Chronicle - in 6812 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 176), returned to Russia in the fall (Trinity Chronicle. P. 352). Executed in the Horde November 22 1318 (in the Sofia first and Nikonov chronicles of ultramart 6827, in the Novgorod fourth and Tver annals of March 6826) on Wednesday (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 257; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 391, vol. X, page 185). The year is set by the day of the week.
Kuchkin V.A. The Tale of Mikhail Tverskoy: Historical and Textological Research. - M .: Nauka, 1974 .-- 291 p. - 7,200 copies.(in lane)
He left the Horde with the Tatars in the summer of 1317 (Ultramart 6826, in the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle and the Rogozhsky Chronicler in March 6825) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 95; vol. IV, stb. 257), having received a great reign (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 374, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 37). Killed by Dmitry Tverskoy in the Horde.
Received a great reign in 6830 (1322) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 96, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 396). Arrived in Vladimir in the winter of 6830 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 259; Trinity Chronicle. P. 357) or in the fall (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 414). According to Easter tables, he sat down in 6831 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579). Executed September 15th 6834 (1326) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 42, vol. XV, stb. 415).
Konyavskaya E. L. DMITRY MIKHAILOVICH TVERSKOY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CONTEMPORARIES AND DESCENDANTS // Ancient Rus. Questions of medieval studies. 2005. No. 1 (19). S. 16-22.
Received a great reign in the fall of 6834 (1326) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 190; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 42). When the Tatar army moved to Tver in the winter of 1327/8, he fled to Pskov and then to Lithuania.
In 1328, Khan Uzbek divided the great reign, giving Alexander Vladimir and the Volga region (PSRL, vol. III, p. 469) (this fact is not mentioned in the Moscow annals). According to the Sofia first, Novgorod fourth and Resurrection annals, he died in 6840 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 265; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 406, vol. VII, p. 203), according to the Tver chronicle - in 6839 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 417), in the Rogozhsky chronicler his death was noted twice - under the years 6839 and 6841 (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 46), according to the Trinity and Nikon annals - in 6841 (Trinity Chronicle, p. 361; PSRL, vol. X, p. 206). According to the introduction to the Novgorod first chronicle of the younger version, he reigned for 3 or 2 and a half years (PSRL, vol. III, pp. 467, 469). A. A. Gorsky accepts the dating of his death in 1331 (A. A. Gorsky Moscow and Orda. M., 2003. P.62).
He sat on the great reign in 6836 (1328) (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 262; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 401, vol. X, p. 195). Formally, he was co-ruler of Alexander Suzdalsky (without occupying the Vladimir table), but he acted independently. After Alexander's death, he went to the Horde in 6839 (1331) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 344) and received all the great reign (PSRL, vol. III, p. 469). Died March 31 1340 (Ultramart year 6849 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 270; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 412, vol. VII, p. 206), according to Easter tables, Trinity Chronicle and Rogozhsky chronicler in 6848 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 52; Trinity Chronicle. P. 364).
Received a great reign in the autumn of Ultramart in 6849 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb.). He sat down in Vladimir on October 1, 1340 (Trinity Chronicle. P.364). Died 26 April ultramart year 6862 (in Nikonovskaya March 6861) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 226; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 62; Trinity Chronicle, p. 373). (In the Novgorod Fourth, his death is reported twice - under the years 6860 and 6861 (PSRL, vol. IV, pp. 280, 286), according to Voskresenskaya - on April 27, 6861 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 217)
Received a great reign in the winter of 6861, after Epiphany. Sat in Vladimir March, 25 6862 (1354) (Trinity Chronicle, p. 374; PSRL, vol. X, p. 227). Died the 13th of November 6867 (1359) (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 10; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 68).
Khan Navruz in the winter of 6867 (that is, at the beginning of 1360) gave the great reign to Andrei Konstantinovich, and he ceded it to his brother Dmitry (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 68). Came to Vladimir June, 22(PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 69; Trinity Chronicle. P.377) 6868 (1360) years (PSRL, vol. III, p. 366, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 433) ...
Received a great reign in 6870 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 290; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 434). He sat down in Vladimir in 6870 before Epiphany (that is, at the beginning of January 1363) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 73; Trinity Chronicle. P.378).
He sat down in Vladimir in 6871 (1363), reigned for 1 week and was driven away (PSRL, vol. X, p. 12; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 74; Trinity Chronicle, p. 379). Along Nikonovskaya - 12 days (PSRL, vol. XI, p. 2).
He sat down in Vladimir in 6871 (1363). After that, Dmitry Konstantinovich Suzdalsky received the label for the great reign in the winter of 1364/1365 (abandoned in favor of Dmitry) and Mikhail Alexandrovich Tverskoy in 1370, again in 1371 (in the same year the label was returned to Dmitry) and 1375, but this had no real consequences ... Dmitry died May 19 6897 (1389) on Wednesday at the second hour of the night (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 358; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 501; Trinity Chronicle. P.434) (in Novgorod the first junior edition on May 9 ( PSRL, vol. III, p. 383), in the Tver Chronicle on May 25 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 444).
Received a great reign according to his father's will. Sat in Vladimir August 15 6897 (1389) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 157; Trinity Chronicle. P.434) According to the Novgorod fourth and Sofia first in 6898 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 367; vol. VI , issue 1, stb. 508). Died February 27 1425 (6933 September) on Tuesday at three o'clock in the morning (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 51, vol. XII, p. 1) in March 6932 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 415) , in a number of manuscripts of the Nikon Chronicle erroneously February 7).
Presumably Daniel received the principality after the death of his father - Alexander Nevsky (1263), at the age of 2 years. For the first seven years, from 1264 to 1271, he was raised by his uncle, the Grand Duke of Vladimir and Tver Yaroslav Yaroslavich, whose governors at that time ruled Moscow. The first mention of Daniel as a Moscow prince dates back to 1283, but, probably, his reign still took place earlier. (see Kuchkin V.A.First Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich // National history... No. 1, 1995). Died 5th of March 1303 on Tuesday (Ultramart 6712) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 486; Trinity Chronicle. P. 351) (In the Nikon Chronicle March 4, 6811 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 174), the day of the week indicates 5th of March).
Killed November 21(Trinity Chronicle, p. 357; PSRL, vol. X, p. 189) 6833 (1325) years (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 260; VI, issue 1, stb. 398).
Borisov N. S. Ivan Kalita. - M .: Publishing house "Young Guard". - Series "Life wonderful people". - Any edition.
Kuchkin V.A. PUBLICATION OF THE TESTAMENTS OF THE MOSCOW PRINCES OF THE XIV century (1353, APRIL 24-25) Soul of the Great Duke Semyon Ivanovich. // Ancient Russia. Questions of medieval studies. 2008. No. 3 (33). S. 123-125.
John Ioannovich II // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - SPb. -M., 1896-1918.
Kuchkin B. A. Dmitry Donskoy / State Historical Museum. - Moscow: State Historical Museum, 2005 .-- 16 p. - ( Prominent figures in the history of Russia).(region)
Tolstoy I. I. Money of the Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich
He sat on the throne immediately after his father's death, but brother Yuri Dmitrievich challenged his right to power (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 92; vol. XII, p. 1). Received a label for the great reign, sat on the throne in Vladimir in the summer of 6942 (1432) (according to N. M. Karamzin and A. A. Gorsky (Gorsky A. A. Moscow and Horde. P. 142). sat on the throne on October 5, 6939, 10 indications, that is, in the fall of 1431 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 64) (According to the Novgorod first in 6940 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 416), according to the Novgorod fourth in 6941 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 433), according to the Nikon annals in 6940 on Peter's day (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 96; vol. XII, p. 16).
E. A. Belov Vasily Vasilievich Dark // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Defeated Vasily on April 25, 6941 (1433) and occupied Moscow, but soon left it (PSRL, vol. VIII, pp. 97-98, vol. XII, p. 18).
He returned to Moscow after the departure of Yuri, but was again defeated by him on Lazarev Saturday 6942 (that is, March 20, 1434) (PSRL, vol. XII, p. 19).
Took Moscow on Wednesday at Light Week 6942 (i.e. March 31 1434) (PSRL, vol. XII, p. 20) (according to Sofiyskaya second - on Holy week 6942 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 66), but soon died (according to the Tver Chronicle on July 4 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 490), according to others - on June 6 (note 276 to volume V "History of the Russian State", according to the Arkhangelsk Chronicle).
He sat on the throne after the death of his father, but after a month of reign he left the city (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 67, vol. VIII, p. 99; vol. XII, p. 20).
He sat down on the throne again in 1442. Was defeated in a battle with the Tatars and was taken prisoner
Arrived in Moscow shortly after the capture of Vasily. Upon learning of Vasily's return, he fled to Uglich. In the primary sources there are no direct indications of his great reign, but the conclusion about him is made by a number of authors. Cm. A. A. Zimin A Knight at the Crossroads: Feudal War in 15th Century Russia. - M .: Thought, 1991 .-- 286 p. - ISBN 5-244-00518-9.).
I entered Moscow on October 26. Captured, blinded on February 16, 1446 (September 6954) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 113, vol. XII, p. 69).
He took Moscow on February 12 at nine o'clock in the morning (that is, according to the modern account February 13 after midnight) in 1446 (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 115; vol. XII, p. 67). Moscow was taken in the absence of Shemyaka by the supporters of Vasily Vasilyevich in the early morning of Christmas September 6955 ( December 25 1446) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 120).
At the end of December 1446, Muscovites again kissed the cross for him, he sat on the throne in Moscow on February 17, 1447 (September 6955) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 121, vol. XII, p. 73). Died March 27 6970 (1462) on Saturday at three o'clock in the morning (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 158, vol. VIII, p. 150; vol. XII, p. 115) (According to the Stroyevsky list of the Novgorod fourth on April 4 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 445), according to the Dubrovsky list and according to the Tver Chronicle - March 28 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 493, vol. XV, stb. 496), according to one of the lists of the Resurrection Chronicle - 26 March, according to one of the lists of the Nikon Chronicle on March 7 (according to N. M. Karamzin - March 17 on Saturday - note 371 to volume V of the "History of the Russian State", but the calculation of the day of the week is wrong, right on March 27).
the first sovereign ruler of Russia after the overthrow of the Horde yoke. Died 27th October 1505 (September 7014) at the first hour of the night from Monday to Tuesday (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 245; vol. XII, p. 259) (According to Sofiyskaya second on October 26 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, 374) According to the Academic List of the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - October 27 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 468), according to Dubrovsky's list - October 28 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 535).
Ivan Ivanovich Molodoy // TSB
He sat on the throne in 1505. He died on December 3, 7042 in September at twelve o'clock in the morning, from Wednesday to Thursday (that is 4 december 1533 before dawn) (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 563, vol. VIII, p. 285; vol. XIII, p. 76).
Until 1538, Elena Glinskaya was the regent under the minor Ivan. Died April 3 7046 (1538
) of the year (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 295; vol. XIII, pp. 98, 134).
He was crowned king on January 16, 1547. Died March 18, 1584 at about seven o'clock in the evening
Simeon was placed in the kingdom by Ivan the Terrible, with the title of "Sovereign Grand Duke Simeon of All Russia", and Grozny himself began to be called "Prince of Moscow". The reign is determined by the surviving charters. After 1576 he became the ruling Grand Duke of Tver
He died on January 7, 1598 at one in the morning.
Wife of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, Great Empress, ruler
After Fyodor's death, the boyars swore allegiance to his wife Irina and issued decrees on her behalf. But after eight days she went to the monastery.
Elected by the Zemsky Sobor on February 17. He was crowned king on September 1. Died on April 13 around three o'clock afternoon.
He entered Moscow on June 20, 1605. He was married to the throne on July 30. Killed in the morning of May 17, 1606. Posing as Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich. According to the conclusions of the government commission of Tsar Boris Godunov, supported by the majority of researchers, the real name of the impostor is Grigory (Yuri) Bogdanovich Otrepiev.
Elected by the boyars, participants in the conspiracy against False Dmitry. He was married to the kingdom on June 1. Deposed by the boyars (formally deposed by the Zemsky Sobor) on July 17, 1610.
In the period 1610-1612, after the overthrow of Tsar Vasily Shuisky, power in Moscow was in the hands of the Boyar Duma, which created a provisional government of seven boyars (seven-boyars). On August 17, 1611, this provisional government recognized the king of the Polish-Lithuanian prince Vladislav Sigismundovich. On the territory liberated from the invaders supreme body power was the Zemsky government. Established on June 30, 1611 by the Council of the Whole Land, functioned until the spring of 1613. Initially, it was headed by three leaders (leaders of the first militia): D.T. Trubetskoy, I.M. Zarutsky and P.P. Lyapunov. Then Lyapunov was killed, and Zarutsky in August 1612 opposed people's militia... In October 1612, a second Zemsky government was elected under the leadership of D.T. Trubetskoy, D.M. Pozharsky, and K. Minin. It organized the expulsion of the interventionists from Moscow and the convocation of the Zemsky Sobor, which elected Mikhail Romanov to the throne.
Elected by Zemsky Sobor 21 february 1613, 11 july crowned king in the Kremlin's Assumption Cathedral. Died in the second hour of the night July 13, 1645.
V. N. Kozlyakov Mikhail Fedorovich / Vyacheslav Kozlyakov. - Ed. 2nd, rev. - M .: Young Guard, 2010 .-- 352, p. - (The life of wonderful people. Series of biographies. Issue 1474 (1274)). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-235-03386-3.(in lane)
Released from Polish captivity on June 1. Until the end of his life he officially bore the title of "great sovereign".
