How to open a trucking business. Marketing section of the business plan for cargo transportation. Freight opening plan

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If cargo transportation is chosen as an activity, where to start the business? Such an occupation was considered unpromising 2 years ago. Today, even a beginner has the opportunity to quite profitably engage in the transportation of goods and create a profitable business. This is a costly and troublesome business. Up to $10,000 is the amount of start-up capital without the purchase of trucks.

Trucking business concept

The market of demanded forwarding services is constantly growing in Russia. The services of qualified logisticians are always in demand. The activities of industrial, commercial and manufacturing enterprises. How to Start a Freight Forwarding Business various types? You should navigate the market by studying the offers of competitors.

Intercity and international flights are the most profitable type of cargo transportation business. In this market segment, the company is subject to more stringent requirements for the documentation for the technical tool and specifications, however, significantly higher than the average prices for such cargo transportation. Possible various options organization of this business. Without having your own car, you can realize a business idea for cargo transportation.

Trucking as a business allows customers to purchase from suppliers necessary equipment, various types of equipment, bring raw materials for production, send goods to their customers. The transportation of goods by various modes of transport is used. Delivery by water transport, aircraft, railway or motor transport is a demanded service. Heavy and large cargo can be transported profitably and conveniently using rail or air transportation. Small consignments of goods are transported using tilt trucks. Customers appreciate high-quality, reliable, prompt delivery for office or apartment moves.

The specifics of the freight business

The mature freight forwarding market has a very high level of market competition, but entrepreneurs who have managed to carve out a niche and establish a profitable freight business have a stable high income. Small private companies account for about 60% of the freight market, the remaining 40% belong to large companies. Open a business from scratch in the forwarding services market, provided right approach a novice enterprising entrepreneur can join the organization. Significant amounts of start-up capital are required to enter this business.

How to open a business related to cargo transportation?

Under the current legislation, you can register as an individual entrepreneur, the owner of a small company. An individual entrepreneur manages his business independently. How to open an IP? As part of the standard procedure, an individual entrepreneur is registered, which costs several thousand rubles.

The legal right to transport goods is given by a transport license. For the unimpeded crossing of the state border by trucks, it is necessary to obtain an additional license, which is valid for 15 days. The responsible person is given a power of attorney for the carriage of goods, a list of transported items, a package of accompanying papers, and a bill of lading. These forwarding documents are necessary to fulfill various kinds cargo transportation.

For the transportation of oversized or bulky goods, the carrier must obtain a special permit. To officially open an IP for cargo transportation, you must obtain insurance for a cargo vehicle. A package of constituent documents is required to register as an object of taxation with the tax authorities. The entrepreneur needs to obtain a TIN.

Individual entrepreneurs for cargo transportation are exempted from conducting accounting. Any enterprise is quite a risky business, therefore various nuances opening a business in cargo transportation should take into account the main document drawn up by professionals who will help and suggest how to organize a business. A business plan is the main document of a future entrepreneur, which helps to evaluate their commercial opportunities. The success of the business related to cargo transportation primarily depends on this competent document.

The business plan should reveal the main problems of the activity:

company development strategy and goal;
organizational moments;
sources of start-up capital;
order search options.

Part of the business plan is the financial side.

Competent startup

For the implementation of full-fledged cargo transportation, it is necessary to purchase cars. Starting a business from scratch is worth buying reliable imported cars. A startup will be easier if a novice entrepreneur has his own freight transport. The location of the office is not critical. If you want to start a freight forwarding business, it is better to start a forwarding business with the use of one car. How to start a business to get a good income? It is important for carriers to avoid unprofitable idle runs.

The future entrepreneur should take care of hiring qualified workers for the cargo transportation business in a timely manner. Logistics-forwarders help to minimize transport costs. In accordance with the contract, these professionals perform insurance, storage, transshipment, freight forwarding from the initial loading point to the final destination. These specialists of the cargo transportation business choose the best route, solve problems during customs clearance, and control the filling of documents.

For business development you will need:

use of reliable cars;
website with prices and description of services;
electronic digital signature;
experienced drivers, several logistics forwarders.

In the first months of the company's operation, when client base has not been created, the work has not yet been established, no one knows about the transport company yet, it is especially difficult for entrepreneurs.

If you organize a cargo transportation business correctly, you can soon make a good profit.

Order a business plan

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Cargo transportation is a rather promising type of activity. People living in villages, cities and towns use the services of transport companies or individuals to transport things and goods to different places.

At the moment, cargo transportation is in great demand in our country, so the number of companies offering their services in this area is growing every day. If you want to go into this business, you need to take your place and try to organize work in such a way that it brings income, create conditions that are fundamentally different from those of competing firms.

Cargo transportation: business from scratch

This is quite troublesome and costly. In order to get started, you will have to acquire a personal vehicle. If you are limited in funds, then a Gazelle-type car or something like that is quite suitable for the first case.

What is the job? At the first stage, a written contract is concluded with the client. The next step is packing goods and things. Timely delivery plays a big role in this business: if you miss the delivery time even once, the reputation of the company will suffer, and then you will have to earn money again good name firms. Unpacking and setting things in place - this work is carried out by additional agreement with the customer.

How to open a cargo transportation company so that the business brings real benefits? Transportation is often done by everyone who does not know what to do with themselves. They put the dispatcher on the phone, take orders, but they are in no hurry to fulfill them. The cost of work very often does not match the one stated in the agreement, so people are dissatisfied with the work of such "firms". The final amount is sometimes announced only when the things have already been unloaded and the client has to pay the announced amounts. To avoid such punctures, you need to build your work honestly in relation to the customer. Only then will people use the services of your office, and it will bring a good income.

The relevance of this type of business

The relevance of cargo transportation in modern world hard to overestimate. Transportation services are in demand more and more every year.

Until recently, the customer had to wait for his cargo for several weeks, or even months. Now the situation has changed radically. People began to value their time more. Therefore, they try to deliver luggage as soon as possible. Regardless of the purpose of delivery, the relevance of transportation is growing rapidly.

It is even difficult to imagine what will happen if the freight transportation market ceases to function for any reason. Life will rise, especially in big cities. Essential goods and food will not be delivered, medicines will disappear from pharmacies. This list can be continued indefinitely. Therefore, it is impossible to underestimate the importance of cargo transportation in the modern world.

Basic goals

Competent organization of transportation on cars of various types.
Delivery of commercial cargo.
Office, apartment, country, industrial moving.
Transportation of oversized cargo.
Provision of trained personnel for loading and unloading operations.
Provision of services for forced storage of goods.

The most important thing is to have perseverance and strive to go to your goals. Confidence in yourself and your abilities is also far from last.

Company registration and taxes

In order to open transport company freight forwarding, necessary . If you plan to deal with low-tonnage transportation, several small Gazelle-type cars will work in your fleet, and there will be a small number of employees in the state, then in this case you can.

You will need to pay the state duty and collect the package required documents. Their list will be given to you in the tax office. Then an application of the appropriate format is submitted here. It should contain your passport details, a phone number by which tax officials can contact you if necessary, and. All these manipulations can be performed by you personally or through a trusted person.

Each registered carrier must pay taxes to the state treasury on time. In order for taxation to be optimal, the following factors must be taken into account:

the scale of the future company;
types of transportation.

For sale.

Coffee machines as an easy way to earn money. about vending features.

Types of taxation for carriers

. This is the most acceptable option. It means the following: you will be able to pay 6% of the total income of the company or 15% of income minus expenses.
General system. Is not the best way for small business. In this case, all taxes must be paid. In your case, this will be a direct path to ruin.
. It can only be applied if your fleet has no more than 20 cars. If you cannot choose a taxation system for yourself, then the regional authorities will automatically transfer your company to a single tax.

In order to earn decently, make every effort to switch to a single tax. Do not forget to pay the state in full, and most importantly - on time. There is also a Pension Fund, to which you will also have to make deductions. The size of contributions to the PF often changes, so you need to constantly update the numbers that are transferred from the accounts of your company.

Where and how to open a transport company?

Room selection

Without office space, which will host the dispatch service, you can not do without.

The premises can be rented. The choice of its location must be taken very responsibly. Saving money by working from home will not achieve good results. The "home" level of work will not bring large incomes. If you do not have the funds to rent your own premises, you can rent an office in a call center. This will require less investment. Dispatch service can accommodate 20 sq. meters.

The office needs to be refurbished. Dispatchers must have computers or laptops at their disposal. Availability of printer and scanner necessary condition. Without a landline phone, work will not be carried out at the proper level. The presence of two telephone lines is a huge advantage in the work of the company. Mobile phones of employees will be involved to no less extent. It is advisable to purchase a walkie-talkie for talking drivers with a dispatcher - it is convenient and inexpensive.

Recruitment

In a company that plans to engage in cargo transportation, dispatchers must be on the staff - at least 2 people. Their main quality should be good diction, excellent memory, communication skills and the ability to think logically.

A good manager will help to properly organize the work of the enterprise. A competent accountant will keep all the documentation of the company, and there will be a lot of it.

Mandatory condition for successful work- effective advertising. Therefore, an advertising manager will also not be superfluous.

Buying cars

Business in this area begins with the purchase of a car. When choosing machines, you need to clearly understand for yourself what goals you set for yourself and what means you have. Used foreign cars are more reliable than domestic cars and more convenient to use. But Russian cars are much cheaper to repair. At the same time, imported cars break down less frequently.

Which car to buy is up to you. For cargo transportation within the city, Gazelles are often bought. Due to their maneuverability, they perfectly cope with the tasks in the city. Gazelles are fuel efficient and inexpensive to maintain.

If you plan to transport products, tilt cars are suitable for this purpose. For large volumes of cargo, cars with additional trailers are suitable - in this case, the carrying capacity will increase to 24 tons. For perishable products, you need to buy special refrigerators or isothermal vans. For transporting furniture or office moves indispensable machine Russian production"Zil - Bull". This car will go where a big truck cannot go.

What kind of car to buy to develop a freight transportation business? This question is individual. One point is worth remembering for sure - in order to provide quality services to the population, it is necessary to have an appropriate fleet of vehicles available.

Motor transport services for the transportation of goods

It is very important if you can organize the work of a company that will provide customers with complete list services. It will be nice if you provide the customer not only with a suitable vehicle, but also with loaders.

Companies that specialize in this area provide the following services:

cargo insurance;
services for customs clearance documents;
office, country, apartment moving;
transportation of oversized and heavy cargo;
transportation of dangerous and especially valuable things.

In order for the quality of services to be high level, you must adhere to the following rules:

develop a clear itinerary;
calculate the cost of the entire procedure;
prepare the necessary documentation;
carry out continuous monitoring of the movement of cargo throughout the route.

Marketing plan for the development of the company

Before starting the paperwork for starting your own business, you need to have a well-developed marketing plan. What is included?

Conducting an active advertising campaign that will fully reveal the services provided by your company. In this case, it is necessary to involve local media, design and distribute business cards of the company as much as possible.
In the near future, try to attract as many customers as possible and interest regular customers with profitable offers and bonus discounts.
A clearly developed strategy for the development of the enterprise, which will spell out effective measures to promote and develop the business.

A well-designed marketing strategy and the right tactics will put your company in a leading position among peers in the region.

Marketing research is necessary before drawing up a detailed business plan for the transportation of goods. These data will be the basis for the successful operation and development of the enterprise.

Financial questions: is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation?

You must understand that it is not realistic to create a detailed financial statement for the creation of a freight carrier company. To obtain specific figures, accurate data on the state of the future enterprise are needed. An approximate picture would look like this:

"Gazelle" will bring about 10 thousand rubles of net profit;
"Zil - Bull" - 20 thousand rubles;
a machine with a carrying capacity of 5 tons will give a profit of up to 25 thousand;
truck - 100 thousand rubles.

These numbers paint a picture of an enterprise that regularly pays taxes and salaries to employees.

If you plan to start a business with the purchase of 2 cars, you will have the following expenses:

expenses for the purchase of cars - 900 thousand - 1 million rubles;
car repairs and fuel costs - 40–45 thousand rubles;
rent of premises - 10 thousand rubles;
boxes - 10 thousand rubles;
salary for employees - 40 thousand rubles;
advertising - 15 thousand rubles;
other expenses - 30 thousand rubles.

Thus, you will need about 1 million 200 thousand rubles. This is provided that you have 1 dispatcher, 1 driver and 1 loader in your state.

If you need to attract a second car, you yourself will have to drive. Accounting reports will be maintained by a specialist from another company. This scheme of work assumes an income from one car of 30 thousand rubles. per month.

All your expenses will pay off not earlier than 1.5–2 years. If you use rented cars, then this period can be halved.

More accurate calculations depend on many factors. So, one of the main components is the location of the company.

Concluding, we can say that the organization of a small-tonnage transportation business is a profitable and promising business, which is worth paying attention to novice businessmen.

2005 year. Several years have passed since the end of my studies at the university, and I have not found a sensible application for myself. I am a historian by profession, but I was not interested in history. However, from his youth, he noticed more than once his interest in commerce, in managerial impulses and all kinds of financial schemes. Even while studying at the university, I created the Youth public organization"Our Choice" at the Committee on Youth Affairs of the city N (later they even prepared me for the position of Chairman of the Committee on Youth Affairs). However, something with social activities at that moment did not become full, and the desired "Mercedes" also did not appear (there was a very big predilection for the automotive industry since childhood).

And then one day, driving along the Moscow-St. Petersburg highway on an autumn day, I noticed an insanely large number of trucks flying along the road. So, apparently, at that moment the idea came to me to go into the automotive business, more precisely, the business related to cargo transportation. I immediately opened the Internet, magazines, newspapers, in short, I was looking for information about what kind of business it is and what it is eaten with! As a result, I realized one thing - that I didn’t understand anything, in addition, they are engaged in this business either former bosses"Sovdepovskie ATP", which fell into their hands during the "times of general division", or criminal structures. Something at that moment decreased my enthusiasm, but my interest did not disappear, I would even say it increased. I even had to take a ride on the track, talk to the "carriers", they say, too, here, I want to buy a truck. In the next two or three months, I studied the type of this business and calculated the mathematics of this project. I found out that there are two types of this “transportation” business. The first one is when you went, bought yourself a truck, put the driver behind the steering wheel, sent him on a flight and you sit for yourself, waiting for him to bring you a lot of money for well-trodden flights (this is how I told you in a simplified version). This option was somehow not suitable for me, since there was no money to buy a used Mercedes, which I dreamed about so much, not like a truck! But the second type of this business somehow immediately attracted me. I thought, this is my theme! It consisted in the following... All these truck owners, after all, turn to someone for cargo, look for cargo in order to load the truck and transport the cargo? That's right, they look for and find all sorts of different dispatchers (however, in Russia there were several tens of thousands of them). The task of the dispatcher is to find someone who needs to transport their cargo, and find someone who can transport it. True, there are many more details and subtasks for the dispatcher, but ... more on that separately sometime later. It was in this simple formula “out of thin air” that a small but frequent profit was formed from each flight. And the more trucks you load and the more often they ride back and forth, the more and more profit you get.

As a result, I borrowed 50 thousand rubles from a friend. Registered "LLC" (7000 rubles), rented an office for a month (8000 rubles), bought a computer, fax and printer (20000 rubles) and, of course, connected to the Internet. He left the rest of the money for "provision", you never know what!

First work day. I'm sitting on the Internet rummaging. What I'm looking for, I don't know. On different sites I climb (profile, of course). By that time, I already had contacts of several carriers who agreed that if I had any cargo (for good money), they would be ready to transport it. So I'm sitting on the Internet rummaging, so to speak, looking for clients. And suddenly, inadvertently, I get to a site in which big list these drivers themselves and the clients themselves, and even all the contacts are there, however, for money (the guys who came up with that site, thank you so much, I will never forget you!).

As a result, I paid a couple of thousand from my current account, got 30-day access to contacts... and go! This is where my work began. I call one, I offer cargo, I call another, I offer transport. And so from 8:00 to 18:00 every day. And I'm not the only one, there are thousands of them in the network and all over Russia. After 18:00 I make all sorts of lists (now these are databases) of drivers and customers who are somehow interested in my proposals. True, sometimes I had to lie, like the fact that the trucks are mine. Who would work with me? Would think, another intermediary! Even though I was like that at the time. Well, what to do something, it was worth starting with something.

As a result, in the first week I shipped about 8 cars and earned 12,000 rubles, in the second another 12 cars, and so on ... in a month I recaptured the "debt" 50 thousand rubles and was very pleased! With accounting and reporting, thank God, my mother helped, she is my accountant with experience.

I work, I work, and in the middle of the second month I go to one customer who ships a lot of cars a day with his products. I'm calling. I propose. I'm being "kicked off". Like, they say, “we have a cloud of our own carriers, you weren’t enough here yet!”. Okay, I think you are not alone in Russia. And I forget about them. Fortunately, this business allows you to cover a large geography, as long as there is a telephone and the Internet. Then I found a couple more small customers, and so little by little, “from the world by a thread”, it seems that the money began to appear.

A few weeks pass, and the New Year is approaching. And then the call. A representative of the plant that “kicked me off” calls and says that they do not have enough cars before the new year, and they began to deliver products to a new region and did not have time to develop contacts with local carriers. They ask to help. Of course, I'm not a vindictive guy! Agreed. But the representative says that we need to meet, discuss the nuances. I agree, meaning by this official acquaintance and conclusion of a written contract with a price agreement. In principle, everything happened just like that, however, in my office, and not at the customer's factory (which surprised me a little). And it was not in vain that I was surprised, because at the end of the conversation I was told that the cost of each transportation to which I agreed should be increased by 1000 rubles, and this amount should be transferred to this representative personally and monthly as a reward for the contract and support provided. For all questions. I took a couple of days to think. After consulting with "experienced people", I came to the conclusion "apparently everyone works this way."

The customer really turned out to be a very serious client, I delivered 8-10 cars a day to only one of his plants with a profit of 2,000 rubles. And there were three factories. By that time, I had already hired a deputy, an accountant, a couple of dispatchers and a secretary-operator. Work was in full swing. I am constantly on the road, meeting with new clients, carriers, constantly discussing directions of transportation, rates, resolving disputes, etc. In short, what I dreamed of, real business activity! Everything was going great, new lines of business were added, I even had to move the entire business to Moscow. Of course, with most of the staff. Moving to Moscow was accompanied by emotional joy. Buying an apartment, a car, renting a beautiful and spacious office in a modern business center. In short, life has improved!

Business also grew, the company became recognizable in its field. By that time, Wimm-Bill-Dann, Russian Alcohol, Rosstekloprom, Russian Aluminum, etc. were already among the main clients.

With "Wimm-Bill-Dann" in general interesting story happened. They refused to cooperate with us in the field of freight transportation for a very long time. And I got them so badly that they couldn’t see me anymore, except that I didn’t spend the night with them. As a result, I was very well acquainted with the logistics department and its boss, who would not mind working with us, but there are no instructions from above, therefore, there is no contract. As a result, after two months, I “enticed” almost the entire transport department with the boss to join my company. Of course, for very good money. And literally three days later I received a call from the management that almost the entire transport department had quit, and there was no one to deal with the supply of transport. As a result, now my guys were already engaged in supplying vehicles to their former plant. As you understand, I had no problems and now my employees had no problems with this. True, all this was revealed four months later, as a result, they were offered an even better salary, and they again changed employers. Although it was to be expected, since they came so easily, they should have left just as easily. But I drew a lot of conclusions from this situation. First of all, I took a close look at the staff and their motivation, so that in the future, employees would not leave me so easily.

So 2006-2007 passed, then 2008 ended, and by the end of the year I felt something was wrong. Clients somehow strangely began to pay for services, or rather, I would say, they stopped paying at all. And .... here it is CRISIS!

Back in August 2008, our company created a new direction, more precisely, new relationships with financial institutions. Name of the direction: "Management of illiquid transport assets of banks and leasing companies". We were well aware that the problems in the banking sector, first of all, would affect our company. By that time, we were planning to expand the truck fleet and were preparing for a deal with the leasing company "N" to purchase 40 vehicles. The contract value was about 4.8 million euros. Preparation and verification went on for about two months, then the leasing company asked for more additional documents The review dragged on for several more months. As a result, when everyone agreed, and we even received a positive decision from the credit committee signed by the management and stamped, and we were ready to make an advance payment, this leasing company sends us a notice of suspension of financing, because. the head office (in Europe) was not ready for funding. It became clear that if everything is so vague with the leasing company “N”, what should we do with others! Then it was decided to start working with the banking sector under the program "Management of illiquid transport assets". By that time, the crisis had greatly affected the cargo transportation sector, and many companies that failed to prepare for cost optimization measures and develop an anti-crisis strategy began to go bankrupt. Since our company mainly works with mono-customers (where at least 30 regional shipments are made daily from a client), we were ready for harsh competitive conditions.

Leased property was seized and returned to creditors on a daily basis. Banks and leasing companies had no idea what to do with it, sell it? And to whom? All car dealerships and dealers themselves cannot sell their equipment.

We approached banks and leasing companies with a proposal to manage these trucks. Our lawyers and financiers have developed several management options. Basically, we relied on the fact that when managing illiquid assets of banks and leasing companies, their balance of payments remains positive (we pay for debtors), arrears on payments are significantly reduced, and assets are redeemed at the residual value by our company for the year. These measures allowed many banks and leasing companies to get rid of illiquid (problematic) assets.

This area of "Management of illiquid transport assets" allowed our company to avoid risky investments, adapt to the crisis liquidity of transport assets and create the necessary fleet of vehicles, which is one of the most important competitive advantage in the field of road freight transport.

In short, this is one of the ways we solved the problem of lack of funds to increase the fleet.

Russia is a large country that needs to supply a large number of goods and services to its various points, separated by vast distances. Consequently, passenger and freight transportation services are in demand, which makes the transport business very profitable. The formation of the structure of this business began with the country's transition to a market economy. About 20% of Russia's able-bodied population is currently employed in this area.

The road network in the country is constantly growing, which contributes to the development of the transport business. In addition, now it has become safer to engage in cargo transportation than, say, in the 90s, which cannot but attract entrepreneurs. This makes shipping easier and cheaper. This area business is developing despite the unstable economy of the country, which is a positive factor for investment.

Business organization

Before opening a trucking company from scratch, you need to decide on the type of future enterprise and the type of transport required for this. If you plan to provide services individuals such as furniture delivery, household appliances, assistance with moving, etc., then you will need light trucks (carrying capacity up to 7 tons).

If you want to open a large company to provide services to legal entities (shops, wholesale depots) in Russia or neighboring countries, you will need trucks with trailers, trucks, refrigerators. To open a company that provides services to industrial enterprises, dump trucks, tractors and long lengths are used. There is also the option of an intermediary company that searches for orders. The company does not need its own transport.

The next step when opening a transport company from scratch is the choice of legal form. If the company has one founder, then the IP form is ideal for it. For a company with several founders, it is better to choose such an organizational and legal form as an LLC.

The form of taxation of your company will depend on the types of services provided and the amount of transport available. If your company will have up to 20 cars and provide services to individuals, then optimal type taxation will be UTII. For transport companies providing services to industrial enterprises, the 3NDFL taxation regime should be chosen. For companies with limited liability the general tax regime is chosen. Intermediary transport companies can apply either a general or a simplified taxation regime.

Starting from scratch, a business such as a transport company should remember that it is mandatory for it to open a bank account, even if you plan to provide services to individuals. Legal entities work mainly by bank transfer, so they will not enter into a contract with a company that does not have a bank account.

Another important point is the selection of personnel for your company. When opening a transport company from scratch, you will need to hire drivers, the number of which depends on the number of cars and the work schedule.

With round-the-clock operation, up to 3 drivers will be required for one car. The number of dispatchers depends on the number of cars and the type of service. For companies with more than 5 cars, an auto mechanic will be required. It is advisable to introduce an accountant into the staff in a company that has more than 10 cars under the general taxation regime.

How to make a trucking business successful?

The success of your business directly depends on the number of customers, so finding them is one of the most important tasks of a businessman.

Starting a business from scratch, you should take care of good advertising for your company. For a high-quality and quick search for customers, the following types of advertising will help you: posting ads around the city, advertising your company on the websites of your city and region, in newspapers and magazines, placing ads in furniture stores and home appliance stores. Dispatch companies can also help you in finding customers.

If your company is working with legal entities, then you can send commercial offers of your services with prices to a certain circle of companies. Currently large enterprises hold tenders, in order to win in which your company must offer optimal conditions. In addition, you should enter into agreements with large dispatching firms.

When opening a transport company, it should be remembered that customers primarily pay attention to the quality of services, so starting such a business from scratch is quite difficult, regardless of whether it is urban, intercity or international cargo transportation. The profitability of your business depends on the literacy of your employees. by the most simple option transport business is the provision of vehicles for rent to customers.

The quality of the purchased transport determines the future profit of your company. Mercedes, Peugeot, Ford, Hyundai trucks are best suited for this business. Such cars, although they have a high price, last longer than inexpensive domestic cars. A couple of hackneyed Gazelles and Bulls are unlikely to bring you a lot of income.

Nowadays, cargo transportation is quite in demand and promising business. But it already works in this market enough large and very tiny firms engaged in various services for the movement of goods. In order to successfully choose your niche and successfully withstand competition, you need to weigh your capabilities well, work out a business plan, and take into account all the subtleties of such a business.

Before you open a trucking business, you need to choose the right mode of transport and think about the features that will help you stand out from the competition. win-win there has always been a focus on consistent quality of transportation, customer satisfaction, decency and honesty.

Each entrepreneur has his own opportunities, but the main points of starting a business will be similar to each other, differing only in the breadth of scope and the availability of capital. So, the very first steps in organizing cargo transportation will look like this:

1. Register a company or register individual entrepreneur(IP).

2. Buy or rent trucks.

The number and brands of purchased cars will depend on the estimated scope of work and the state of finances. If you have a couple of Gazelles at your disposal, then you should not count on serious orders. With such a fleet, you will have to limit yourself to single requests from individuals when moving or transporting a small consignment of goods. To serve more significant customers, euro trucks with a large carrying capacity will be needed. Alternatively, you can team up with several private car owners. In some regions of Russia, cargo transportation on open gazelles is common.

3. Rent an office or purchase premises for it.

However, with modest plans, you can limit yourself own apartment and a garage.

4. Hire workers.

The following specialists will be needed: drivers, loaders, mechanic, lawyer, accountant, dispatcher. Moreover, one employee can combine several duties at once.

5. Open a bank account.

6. Competently draw up a contract with the customer for transportation.

Transportation of goods: types, conditions, features

Cargo transportation is carried out both within the region and throughout Russia and between different countries.

In the case of delivery of goods between regions, even if the car does not cross the borders of the state, a special permit is required for the movement of heavy and large loads. After receiving it from the territorial road authorities and agreeing with the traffic police, a pass is issued for the right to move freight transport.

When moving cargo between countries, you will need much more permits.

In addition to road transport, rail, sea, river and air transportation is widely used. The most profitable in terms of costs and speed of movement is road transport. It is more profitable to use the railway when the delivery point is located at a considerable distance from the main roads and under any climatic conditions. Sea and river transport is characterized by a low cost of transportation. Air transportation is used most often with severe time constraints or the impossibility of other access to the destination.

Conditions for the movement of goods companies engaged in cargo transportation may vary, but the contracts, as a rule, stipulate the following:

place of departure and delivery;
the names of all persons and companies involved;
product characteristics;
description of the means of transport;
contractual cost and calculation procedure;
terms.

When drawing up a contract, it is also necessary to provide for all the features of transportation, including the route. Contracts can be signed both for a single supply and for a sufficiently long period of time.

It is worth remembering that all financial responsibility for the duration of the route lies with the owner of the vehicle.

Drivers who will deliver dangerous goods, such as compressed gases, explosive or poisonous materials, to in due course special permission must be obtained.

Usually, in order to arrange a trip by motor vehicle, in addition to the contract, the following documents are required:

a waybill with the data of the driver and the owner of the business, the brand of the car and its characteristics, the admission and task for the driver, as well as a mark on his pre-trip medical examination;
bill of lading and order-receipt;
compulsory and voluntary insurance in case of property damage.

Freight Dispatcher: Home Based Business

One of the options for a business idea for cargo transportation is their organization without having your own car. In this case, the dispatcher contacted by the consignors looks for the appropriate transport for a specific product, agrees on the conditions of transportation, its cost, and forms the desired route. And after the work is done, he receives his agreed percentage of its total cost.

You don't need to be a dispatcher. special education, enough sociability, attentiveness, perseverance. It is also important to have a calm stress-resistant character.

You can start a business in your apartment, having only a computer with the Internet, telephone and fax. But you still have to register as an individual entrepreneur. It is also necessary to draw up a business plan for the dispatching service for cargo transportation.

How to open an IP for cargo transportation

The process of registering an IP for cargo transportation is almost the same as for regular registration and consists in submitting the following papers to the tax authority:

statement;
receipt of payment of the fee;
a copy of the pages of the passport with personal data and registration of residence;

OKVED code for cargo transportation you can choose from the following:

63.4 "Organization of cargo transportation"
60.2 "Other land transport activities"

Moreover, IP for cargo transportation can be registered not only in person, but also by power of attorney certified by a notary. Along with the cost of paying the fee, you will need to order a personal stamp for documentation and open a current account.

A great help for a beginner in cargo transportation will be the preparation of a well-thought-out business plan. Since the initial conditions are different for everyone, then everyone will have their own business plan. But the average option includes the following:

General review section. It describes the form of business, goals, relevance of the project.
Description of activity
Analysis of the freight market. This section provides an overview of the market in this segment in the region, an analysis of the shortcomings of competitors and the proposal of their advantages.
Production plan. It discusses the sequential steps for the execution of work, the anticipated risks, a description of the necessary resources.
Project costs. All current and expected expenses, incomes and calculation of efficiency and payback are described.

How much can you earn from trucking? Depending on the tonnage of the car and the nature of transportation, you can receive from 50 thousand rubles per month. you can download an example finished business plan on cargo transportation for IP.

Ready-made trucking business

Many entrepreneurs are ready to buy a ready-made cargo transportation business than organize it from scratch. As a rule, in the established business, there is already a fleet of vehicles, on which drivers and dispatchers work, a base has been established regular customers and even concluded some contracts for a long period. The only thing that is needed from the buyer is an investment of money and further competent management.

If there is no experience in managing cargo transportation, then it is best to start from the intracity level.
Need to install long-term relationships with clients, because this will not only provide you with regular orders, but also make you additional advertising.
Always ask from big clients letters of recommendation. They will serve as a good guarantee of reliability.
An excellent option would be create your own website or. This will convince potential customers of the seriousness of the company.
Four ingredients can lead to continued success: transportation quality, more attractive price for customers, safety and delivery deadlines.

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