All people on this planet are individual. Each of us has our own unique character and special features that distinguish a person from hundreds and even thousands of others. But still there are some similarities between us. And for many years, psychologists have been trying to unite people into groups with similar qualities, assigning them certain psychotypes of personality.
What psychotypes of people exist? The most famous is the division of people into introverts and introverts. open to the world extroverts. Introverts are reluctant to make contact; they live in their own inner world and do not like interference in their personal affairs. Extroverts, on the contrary, are very sociable. They willingly share with others not only their thoughts and ideas, but also their feelings and experiences. When hiring, many large companies conduct a psychotype test during the interview. Most often, such tests are quite simple, but they help to select and hire from several applicants the person who will best fit into the team and become part of the team.
The most common classification of psychotypes was created by Hippocrates. He divided people into 4 types depending on the predominance of one of the elements in the human body - blood, lymph, yellow bile or black bile. In accordance with his classification, people are divided into sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic.
Blood predominates in the body of sanguine people, making representatives of this psychotype very lively and sociable. Their emotions actively replace one another, and thanks to this, sanguine people very quickly adapt to any changes. Such people easily endure failures. And only boring routine work can leave sanguine people completely indifferent.
If lymph predominates in a person’s body, he is phlegmatic. People of this psychotype are calm and calm. They look a little lazy, but in reality they are rather slow and more stable in their emotions. Phlegmatic people can be very stubborn and persistent in their chosen occupation. They compensate for their slowness with perseverance and diligence.
Yellow bile determines the psychotype of an impulsive and passionate choleric person. Such people are always very emotional and often unbalanced. It's easy to make them cry or laugh. They are always in a hurry to get somewhere. And their energy is enough for any achievement, the main thing is to have desire and a bit of perseverance, which choleric people often lack.
And finally, the fourth psychotype of people is melancholic, in whose body black bile predominates. People of this psychotype are asthenic, sad and fearful. They are prone to melancholy and sadness, depression and constant worries. They prefer loneliness and try to contact people less often.
Determining a psychotype is very important for building relationships with a person, as well as organizing his activities in the workplace. For example, sanguine people are great at communicating with people, and they are suited to working in a large team, which involves active communication with clients and colleagues. Phlegmatic people prefer quiet work at the computer or with documents. They carry out such assignments very efficiently and accurately. But choleric people cope very poorly with routine. They are more suited to leadership positions that require determination and a willingness to take responsibility. Melancholic people produce wonderful artists who enjoy creating and convey their feelings and experiences to the audience.
In addition to the Hippocratic classification, there is another well-known typology of Aristotle, dividing people into Materialists, Personalists, Processors, Temporary Workers, Viceroys and Philosophers. And if Hippocrates based the principles for determining a psychotype on the characteristics of the human body, then Aristotle in his thoughts was based on the characteristics of the thinking of different groups of people who in their minds tend to ask themselves various questions. The main questions that most often interest people are: What? Who? How? When? Where? For what? And as the philosopher’s observations showed, everyone special person most often asks himself one specific question, practically ignoring all the others.
If you use Aristotle’s theory and listen to what your friend and colleague constantly talks about, then you can easily determine the area that is closest and most interesting to him. And having decided on a person’s psychotype, you can establish close and trusting relationships with him.
Characteristics of psychotypes
People who most often ask the question What? are the Veshist type. Everything they see and do is important to them. Such people rarely pay attention to others. Therefore, if your friend went to a restaurant in the evening, the next day he will tell you everything about the dishes, atmosphere, music and prices. But he is unlikely to go into detail about who he spent the evening with, what the people around him looked like and how hospitable the waiters were.
But Personalists tend to notice people, but absolutely do not pay attention to the objects around them. If a person belongs to the Personalist psychotype, he will constantly seek contact with other people, because for him this is the only way to solve all problems. He won’t even pay attention to what documents he must fill out and what certificates he needs to take, but he will remember exactly how strict or, on the contrary, lenient the inspector was, and what techniques he can use in communicating with this person next time.
People who belong to the Processor psychotype most often pay attention to processes. They are not interested in the people and objects around them. Even the result itself is not very important to them. But they always remember in detail what they did, and how one process differed from another. If your friend is a Processor psychotype, and you ask him how he spent his vacation at sea, he most likely will not remember what house he lived in and what he ate. But he will tell you in detail how he got to the beach every day, what lines he had to stand in the store, and how exhausting the trip to the coast was.
The Temporary psychotype considers the determination of time to be the most important thing for himself. People of this psychotype always remember very precisely when something started, when it ended, and how long it lasted. Temporary workers and Processors are often psychotypes of men. You've probably noticed how accurately men always remember distances and how carefully they monitor travel times.
People who belong to the Steward psychotype often have excellent spatial orientation, because for them the most important question is Where? They always know perfectly well where everything is, who has moved where and how to get there. Almost every conversation of a person of the Viceroy psychotype begins with a story about where he has been and where he still has to go.
And finally, the last psychotype is the Philosopher. People of this type love to talk about values. They don’t get hung up on little things and only mention the most important ones in conversation. important details. It is difficult to get details from philosophers.
If you correctly determine a person’s psychotype, you will be able to avoid many difficulties in communicating with him. You will know exactly which questions he can answer most fully, and which ones should be slightly paraphrased, which topics the person will talk about with interest, and which moments are best avoided. You just have to take a good look at the people around you, and you can make your communication more interesting and productive.
Everyone would probably like to know why this or that person commits such actions. What motivates a person to accomplish certain actions and statements? Each person is exceptional and individual in his own way, but people still have similarities in their traits. The words and actions of people are mainly guided by their psychotypes or psychological personality types. By recognizing these psychotypes, you can gain skills for better understanding people.
Psychologists divide psychological personality types into many types. They are rarely found in their purest form. But certain psychotype traits may be more pronounced in a certain person than others. Psychological types leave their mark on almost everything: the manner of dressing, speaking, thinking. Knowing a person well, you can accurately determine what his psychotype is.
Let's look at some of them:
Schizoid - this is the first psychological type. This psychotype is characterized by a tendency to theorize. This person is a thinker, but he does not take action. As a rule, he leads a leisurely and dispassionate lifestyle. Doesn't stand out, he listens more than talks. These people prefer clothes without any fuss; the main thing for them is comfort. People of this psychotype are most often scientists or choose similar professions.
Hysteroid - this psychotype is the opposite of a schizoid. Hysteroid and schizoid are mutually exclusive psychological types, rarely found in the temperament of one person.
For the hysteroid life path is a vibrant adventure in which he plays the leading role. These people are prone to everything unusual, which is expressed in hobbies, habits, manner of dressing and behavior. Their main feature is originality. The hysterical type can most often be found among women for whom the goal of life is to be the one and only. People of the hysterical type choose creative professions: artist, singer, actor.
Epileptoid - This is the most measured variety among psychological types. People with this psychotype are quite pedantic and conservative. In clothing, their preference is given to the classic style, they are punctual and prudent, and love order in everything. Epileptoids do not forgive inconstancy and absent-mindedness. People of this psychotype make quite strict teachers and demanding leaders. However, not everything is so “sweet” - people of this psychological type are characterized by short temper, explosiveness, and aggression. Many of them feel constant superiority over others, and therefore are very selfish.
Hypertim is the most unusual and adventurous psychotype (except for hysterics, of course). Such people are full of energy, they are born leaders and innovators. Capable of taking risky and rash actions. Hypertrims are usually done first, and then think about the consequences. People who are characterized by this psychological type give their preference to extreme sports, among them there are many journalists and military personnel.
Asthenic is the complete opposite psychological type hyperthyma. Asthenics are people who are quite insecure. This is manifested in modest behavior, a quiet voice, neat and discreet clothing. Invisibility is the goal of life for such people. People of this psychotype are always afraid of being judged and being misunderstood. Asthenics, as a rule, choose modest and quiet professions that provide the least amount of communication with people.
Unstable psychotype - this is the most passive example known to psychological types. Often called " conformal "People of this type have an absolute reluctance to resist circumstances. They simply “go with the flow” and do not think about what life will bring them. These are rather lazy people who easily find themselves under the influence of others. They usually choose their specialty at the direction of their parents , or better, like your parents.
Labil - this psychological type lives from the heart. This is a person of mood, which can change very quickly and dramatically without reason. The character of such people is that of a capricious child, capable of throwing a tantrum for any reason or wholeheartedly admiring the most insignificant detail. Often this psychological type is also called “ cycloids " or " cyclothymics “, precisely because of this very cyclicality in mood. Very prone to depression.
Sensitive is the most emotional of all psychological types. Most of the traits inherent in him are also found in other psychotypes. People with this psychological type feel embarrassed in a large society, are able to be offended by rudeness, and react harshly to criticism. They have a tendency to have an inferiority complex. They often give in in disputes and cannot prove own point vision. They often suffer from various neuroses.
One can consider a combination of psychological types in one person. In this case, a person can be endowed with diametric properties. But, in most cases, in the temperament of one person one can find psychological types that are similar in properties.
It should be added that various specialists in the field of mental state and human health (psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists) identify many more types and subtypes of psychological types of human personality, there are various classifications, opinions and terminology in this area, starting with the banal attempts of ancient scientists and philosophers (), dividing people into extro- and introverts, and ending with modern complex classifications, including up to thirty different psychological types of humans.
Our project shares modern tendencies in the approach to the classification of personality types, therefore we have collected powerful psychological tools for a comprehensive and individual approach to the analysis of your personality.
The formation of personality depends on many circumstances and little things, which is why characters are so different from each other. Personality is often a mixture of different behavioral traits, and this article will help you determine which traits dominate your personality and which qualities you would like to develop.
Paranoid character (Stuck)
The value system of one of the most aggressive types is built around an obsession that dominates the environment and personal needs. The chosen goal is interpreted by the paranoid as socially significant, although its importance can be both objective and deeply subjective to the point of complete absurdity. This reveals the messianic streak of people with a similar character, who are inclined to fight for the public good, or rather, for a personal idea of it, but society itself does not play a special role for them.
Paranoids are not able to shift the center of their worldview from ideas to the environment, and if their plans are realized, they are content not with the benefits brought, but with gratitude and recognition of their merits. The narcissism of this type of character is caused by the desire to prove to society one’s importance and indispensability, which is an echo of a feeling of inferiority.
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In their work, paranoiacs show themselves diligently and strivingly if the idea coincides with its goal, but not always consistently. People of this type do not allow criticism, because they consider their methods to be the only correct ones. If paranoid people believe that they understand the matter, they will not consult with experts, considering themselves as such. As a subordinate, a paranoid person may make some concessions to his superiors, who, at best, are perceived as equal in experience, but do not allow compromise with equals in rank and subordinates, whom he considers inferior to himself, that is, means to achieve the goal.
This perception of the world is accompanied by alienation from society, even from loved ones, who, in the opinion of the paranoid, should provide him with all possible and unbearable help in achieving his goal. He perceives people as a source of profit, and the paranoid does not shy away from manipulation and lies in order to get it.
Famous paranoids: Peter I, Heinrich Schliemann, Thomas Edison, Vladimir Lenin, Bobby Fischer.
This type of character was almost completely realized in bureaucratic virtues. Epileptoids lead a modest lifestyle, dress simply and discreetly, avoid excesses and sincerely enjoy restraint and neatness. Pedantry and meticulousness of character are based on unquestioning submission to a certain system. In the house the epileptoid supports perfect order, meticulously sorting things and putting them in their places, monitors his health, is confident and consistent in his work, and demands the same from others.
People of this type realize themselves in accordance with the sense of order, which they seek in the role of one of the elements of the system, and the passion for submission may give way to the immoral norms of the organization. The epileptoid humbly carries out orders and follows instructions, calculates prospects with an eye to the hierarchical system, loves to control, since he considers himself the embodiment of order, and is content with power, even petty power. An excellent conservative and an inept innovator, the epileptoid shies away from changes, the necessity of which oppresses him.
In the still waters there is rancor, vindictiveness, suspicion and authoritarianism. Every offense must be punished, regardless of whether it caused damage or not, and the epileptoid is always ready to convict someone of violating the order in order to show his superiority.
Famous epileptoids: Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Joseph Stalin.
Hysterical character (Demonstrative)
Emphatically demonstrative hysterics are distinguished by sensuality, which is successfully manifested in creative professions, and an aggravated rejection of criticism due to the conviction of one’s exclusivity and correctness. Hysterical character does not accept rules objective reality and tries to rewrite them at his own discretion, shifting the center of vital attention to himself, so the environment is formed not from friends, but from admirers.
The theatricality of defiant behavior, which loudly declares a special status, is emphasized by hysterics using a variety of means (from body movements to stubborn bickering, from bright flashy clothes to tattoos), contrasting themselves with the “mediocre gray masses”, but the opinion of the majority plays a big role for them. They want to evoke admiration with their cheeky behavior, and if they do not receive praise, they create scandals. Hysteroids are infantile and dependent, so their capricious disposition shifts responsibility for their maintenance onto others, considering it natural, while being offended by the instructions and advice of benefactors.
Famous hysterics: Marquis de Sade, Oscar Wilde, Alexander Vertinsky, Igor Severyanin, Salvador Dali, Britney Spears.
Schizoid character (Closed-in-depth)
The schizoid type implies isolation in the inner world, which is why this character is called autistic. People of this mental type unconsciously remove themselves from society in order to devote time to reflection. This position allows one to notice what is not visible to others, and the schizoid is keenly interested in what is happening around him, but does not participate in it.
Asocial, but not misanthropic perception denies significance appearance, since the opinion of others is not an authority for a schizoid: a neat hairstyle and a smooth chin are an unnecessary routine, and main criterion in choosing clothes – it’s its convenience. An autistic person happily delegates everyday life to his other half or servants, because he does not consider it worth the time and effort.
Schizoids avoid the hasty pace of life. They are slow, lethargic, and inactive. IN work time they need complete privacy as noise makes it difficult for them to concentrate. Autistic people are inconsistent and disdainful of order, which is why it can be difficult for them to organize their activities, but when they are engaged in one task, they easily find its solution thanks to the ability to dig deep, however, a person with a schizoid character does not like to confirm his ideas with research or the opinions of others, considering them a priori true.
Famous schizoids: Johann Sebastian Bach, Immanuel Kant, Ludwig van Beethoven, Albert Einstein, Boris Pasternak, Steve Jobs, Anatoly Wasserman, Grigory Perelman.
Syntonic character (Sanguine)
The syntonic class consists of cheerful, merry people. They are restless and disorganized, and a cheerful mood, which persists even in difficult situations, sometimes turns into clowning.
Synthoids are social creatures. It is important for them to communicate and make friends, because only in company can they reveal their full cheerful essence. Naive and trusting good people are always ready to encourage and help, and even if they are deceived, they do not lose faith in humanity.
Sanguine people take a sensual approach not only to the spiritual manifestations of the world, but also to material ones: they need exciting impressions just as tasty food and pleasant smells.
Sanguine people easily adapt to a new team, but their work cannot be called consistent. Energetic and active spirits have difficulty following monotonous tasks, and show zeal only in activities that interest them.
Famous synthoids: Gottfried Leibniz, Mikhail Lomonosov, Giacomo Casanova, Gioachino Rossini, Heinrich Heine, Honore de Balzac, Alexandre Dumas, Alexander Herzen.
Psychasthenic character (Anxious and doubtful)
Psychasthenics avoid change in every possible way because it brings with them anxiety. Everything unfamiliar unsettles them and imposes painful thoughts. They do not trust what is completely unfamiliar to them, and few people move from a general social field to a friendly one. Only after passing a meticulous test, which should confirm its significance, can a person or thing enter the life of a psychasthenic, although to do this they must first shamelessly invade it. Fearfulness and shyness keep sensuality in a sluggish state, preventing it from progressing, but sometimes it bursts into a passionate unstoppable impulse that accompanies, but does not restrain anxiety.
Anxiety and doubts cover these poor people everywhere and in everything: which movie to go to, what is best to buy, whether to help a girl carry her bag. Psychasthenics do not rush to help not because they are poorly educated, but because every situation or remark triggers a digestive mechanism in their heads, which can finish its work after the problem has resolved itself. Such uncertainty makes it difficult to organize life, so more confident people take care of psychosthenics.
Lack of self-confidence, hypochondria, doubt about every little thing and anxiety about everything in the world quickly spoil an unstable psychological climate. The hygiene of the latter is put in order by a completely specific environment, where everything maintains an unchanging constancy, alien to the world outside the “shell”. This little world is formed from familiar things and closest friends, but only in it can a psychasthenic person relax and live like an ordinary person.
Famous psychasthenics: Vissarion Belinsky, Charles Darwin, Claude Monet, Anton Chekhov.
Cyclothymic character (Changable)
Cyclothymics are very dependent on mood, which can be formed as external factors, and internal. The mood is changed by contrasts: depression is replaced by carelessness, and cheerfulness is easily overshadowed by a flash of aggression. Alternating periods of mood last variously, from a few seconds to months.
In an elevated state of mind, cyclothymic people easily socialize and interact with society like sanguine people, but they show more diligence in their work, since the energy boost prompts them to action. Depression causes embitterment and alienation, and it is extremely difficult for them to work in such a state. They use a lively mood as a defense mechanism, but when this is not the case, people become irritated and hostile, and, on the contrary, attract recklessness.
Famous cyclothymic artists: George Frideric Handel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Napoleon Bonaparte, Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Vincent Van Gogh, Gustav Mahler, Sergei Yesenin, Ernest Hemingway.
Emotive character (Sensual)
The emotional organization of emotives is very gentle and meek. It manifests itself in non-conflict, lack of competitive spirit and heightened empathy, which people of this nature reward everyone, even those who do not need compassion.
In large, noisy companies, modest and shy emotives feel awkward, but they are quite capable of integrating into an unfamiliar society if they make an effort. People with a subtle essence prefer to be surrounded by spiritually close people, whom they completely trust and can pour out their emotional experiences, of which there is always plenty. Inner meekness is very impressionable and anxious, but it constantly needs slight vibrations that cause new sensations and feelings. If emotives do not find them in life, they turn to art, and the more adventures and feelings the fictional characters experience, the more exhausting pleasure the emotive receives.
The emotive character tries to organize his personal life as uninterrupted and cozy, but fills it with sensual pleasures. They have a special love for nature, which is rich in sensual and aesthetic impressions.
The performance of emotives depends on their mood. Negativity has an extremely depressing effect on them, and any little thing can bring them out of their elusive peace of mind. Despite their good nature, people with low self-esteem are capable of showing resentment and anger, which causes suffering to themselves.
Famous emotives: Karl Bryullov, Mikhail Glinka, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Shishkin, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa.
They say there is a scale of psychotypes. How can you find out how your own child is growing up in order to help him fight his negative traits? Zinaida K., Gomel.
The classification of accentuations was developed by the German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard in 1968. Based on his works and the research of Russian psychiatrist Pyotr Gannushkin, Soviet psychiatrist, Honored Scientist Andrei Lichko created his own personality typology.
PARANOID
Traits of this psychotype rarely appear in childhood; the guys are focused on one thing, serious, preoccupied, striving to achieve what they want at any cost.
High degree of determination. Such teenagers subordinate their lives to achieving a goal (quite large-scale), while being able to neglect the interests of others. They are ready to sacrifice well-being, give up entertainment, comfort and other joys common to children.
High energy; independence; independence; reliability in cooperation when goals coincide with the aspirations of the people with whom they work.
Repulsive features: irritability, anger, if something or someone gets in the way of the goal; weak sensitivity to other people's grief; authoritarianism.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: extremely ambitious in big things, not in small things.
When making contact, they often suppress their interlocutor, are overly categorical in their judgments, and can hurt others with their words. They don’t notice their own conflict.
Completely unsentimental, friendship is viewed as a continuation of a common great cause. Friends are only comrades.
Attitude to study and work. Only those subjects that are needed now or will be needed in the future are carefully studied. To do this, they can go to the library, take extra classes, buy a lot of books, and read during breaks. And everything else in school is of no value.
The greatest success is achieved in individual creative work. Unsurpassed generators of big ideas and non-standard approaches to solving complex problems.
EPILEPTIOID
WITH preschool age children predisposed to this type, thrifty with clothes and toys. They react sharply to those who try to take possession of their property; From the first school years they show increased accuracy.
Love of order, desire to maintain what has already been established, conservatism; high energy (students willingly engage in physical education, run, speak loudly, organize everyone around them, and with their activity often disturb others). IN extreme situations teenagers become brave and even reckless; in everyday life they show anger, explosiveness, and pickiness.
Attractive character traits: thoroughness, accuracy, diligence, thrift (often turning into pedantry), reliability (they always keep promises), punctuality (in order not to be late, they will set 2 alarm clocks and also ask their parents to wake them up), attentiveness to health.
: insensitivity to the grief of others, excessive irritability due to noticed disorder, carelessness of others or violation of rules.
The “weak link” of the psychotype: They cannot tolerate disobedience and violently rebel against infringement of their own interests.
Features of communication and friendship. They do not make casual acquaintances; they prefer to communicate with childhood friends and schoolmates. If they consider someone a friend, then they fulfill all the obligations that friendship imposes. Betrayal, either in friendship or in love, will never be forgiven.
Attitude to study and work. They are goal-oriented, complete all homework, do not skip classes, and are usually excellent students. Growing up, they perform best in work related to maintaining order, rules and regulations adopted by someone else (for example, a financier, lawyer, teacher, military man, etc.).
HYPERTIME
Those belonging to this psychotype have been distinguished since childhood by their noisiness, sociability, and courage; prone to mischief. They lack a sense of distance in relationships with adults.
Dominant character traits: high spirits, extroversion, joy from communication, good health and blooming appearance.
Attractive character traits: energy, optimism, generosity, desire to help people, initiative, talkativeness, cheerfulness; the mood is almost independent of what is happening around.
Superficiality, inability to concentrate on a specific task or thought, constant desire to do something more interesting at the moment, jumping from one thing to another (such guys sign up for several clubs or sections at once, but do not go to any one for more than 1-2 months ), disorganization, familiarity, frivolity, readiness
at unrestrained risk.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: cannot tolerate a monotonous environment, monotonous work that requires painstakingness or a sharp limitation of communication; they are oppressed by loneliness and forced idleness.
Features of communication and friendship. They always act as merry fellows and jokers. Their home is a meeting place for friends and acquaintances, where anyone can come and stay as long as they like. They are always drawn to the company and strive for leadership among their peers. They can easily find themselves in an unfavorable environment and are prone to adventures.
They are not capable of deep affection. They are characterized by love for their neighbor (and not for all humanity); rush to help without hesitation. In friendship they are kind and unforgiving. Having offended someone, they quickly forget about it and will be sincerely happy the next time they meet; if necessary, they will apologize for the offense caused and do something nice.
Attitude to study and work. Schoolchildren of this psychotype would achieve significant success if they were not so frivolous and could concentrate on one subject. All subjects are easy for them, but the knowledge they receive at school is superficial and often unsystematic. They are constantly late for classes and skip classes (especially those classes in which they are bored and have no opportunity to express themselves). Easily catch up: for example, before test work or they won’t sleep for one night during the exam and will learn almost everything.
Capable of achieving success in any business. At first, everything goes well for them, achievements appear, but if routine work begins, it becomes uninteresting, the activity ceases to be new, then they are ready to quit at the first opportunity and switch to something else.
Noisy and overactive, they often create the appearance of productive activity (they willingly and eagerly get down to business, plan a lot of events, hold meetings, etc.), which helps to build a career.
HYSTEROID
This psychotype is visible from early childhood. Cute baby with a lot of adults strangers without any embarrassment, he recites poems, sings songs, demonstrates his talents and outfits. The main thing for him is admiring spectators. If guests sat down at the table and forgot about it, it will certainly attract attention again. If unsuccessful, he will knock over a glass on the tablecloth or break a saucer.
Dominant character traits: demonstrativeness; the desire to constantly be the center of attention, sometimes at any cost; thirst for constant admiration or surprise, veneration, worship.
: perseverance, initiative, sociability, dedication, resourcefulness, activity, pronounced organizational skills, independence and willingness to take leadership (although after a burst of energy, the listed qualities quickly fizzle out).
Repulsive character traits: a tendency to intrigue and demagoguery, hypocrisy, cockiness, recklessness, thoughtless risks (but only in the presence of spectators), boasting about non-existent successes, taking into account only own desires, high self-esteem, touchiness.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: inability to bear blows to egocentrism, exposure of fictions.
Features of communication and friendship. They constantly need numerous viewers. In principle, this is the main form of their life (in public and for people). But, as a rule, they communicate only with those who express their admiration and idolize their abilities and talent. Very often selective, strive to be friends with famous people to be in the shadow of their glory, or with those who lose to them, in order to shade themselves even more.
Attitude to study and work. Often this is just a reason for communication, an opportunity to express yourself among people. They go to school for fun. To attract attention, they study not just well, but better than anyone else, surprising teachers with their abilities in various subjects.
In principle, these are gifted, talented people, who are easily given professions related to artistic creativity. They work best
outside the team and mandatory framework.
SCHIZOID
Since school years, such children love to play alone, are not attracted to classmates, avoid noisy fun, preferring the company of older children. In adolescence, isolation and isolation, and an inability to empathize with others are striking.
Dominant character trait: introversion. This is a pronounced mental type, constantly analyzing the surrounding reality.
Attractive character traits: seriousness, restlessness, taciturnity, stability of interests and constancy of activities. As a rule, these are talented, smart and unpretentious schoolchildren. Productive, they can work on their ideas for a long time, but do not push through them, do not implement them.
Repulsive character traits: isolation, coldness, rationality. Such children have little energy and are inactive.
with intense work - both physical and intellectual. Emotionally cold. Their egoism is unconscious.
At the same time, they are vulnerable, because they are proud. They do not tolerate criticism of their system.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: They cannot tolerate situations in which it is necessary to establish informal emotional contacts, and the violent intrusion of strangers into their inner world.
Features of communication and friendship. Very selective; people are hardly noticed, like many things in the material world. But they still need communication that is deep and meaningful. The circle of people with whom they come into contact is limited (as a rule, they are older).
They are characterized by self-sufficiency in the sphere of relationships; they can communicate with themselves or with one person. A friend is one who understands their characteristics well, does not pay attention to oddities, isolation and others negative traits character.
Attitude to study and work. They are capable and talented, but require an individual approach, since they have a special vision of the world, their own point of view on ordinary phenomena and objects, unlike others. They know how to study a lot, but not systematically, because it is difficult to fulfill generally accepted requirements, and not according to the scheme they themselves invented.
When they see that a teacher evaluates the result of work, and not formal compliance with mandatory rules, they show all their talent. If the teacher and parents require children of this psychotype to solve problems in a strictly defined way (as explained in class), then they will fall behind, despite the fact that they are quite capable of solving the same problems with several in original ways. This applies not only to mathematics, but also to other academic subjects.
Most often, such guys make excellent scientists, for example mathematicians or theoretical physicists.
PSYCHASTHENOID
Along with some timidity and timidity, such children have a tendency to reason and have intellectual interests that are beyond their age. From a young age they suffer from various phobias - fear of strangers, new objects, darkness, being alone at home, etc.
Dominant character traits: uncertainty and anxious suspiciousness, fear for one’s future and loved ones.
Attractive character traits: accuracy, seriousness, conscientiousness, prudence, self-criticism, even mood, loyalty to promises, reliability.
Repulsive character traits: indecisiveness, a certain formalism, a tendency to long discussions, soul-searching. There may be fears regarding an unlikely future, based on the principle “no matter what happens” (hence the belief in omens).
Another form of protection against constant fears is conscious formalism and pedantry, which are based on the idea that if everything is carefully thought out in advance, foreseen and then acted without deviating a single step from the planned plan, then troubles can be avoided.
Such teenagers find it difficult to make decisions; they constantly doubt: have they taken everything into account? But if they dare, they begin to act immediately, because they are afraid that they will change their mind.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: fear of responsibility.
Features of communication and friendship. They are shy, self-conscious, and do not like to make new contacts. They have few friends, but this friendship lasts forever. remember the smallest details relationship and are sincerely grateful for your attention.
Attitude to study and work. Able to study without raising their heads, showing determination, perseverance and perseverance long time, because they are afraid to upset their loved ones and teachers with low grades. The result obtained is checked against reference books, dictionaries, and encyclopedias; They'll call a friend and ask him.
These are the ideal subordinates: They will complete any work carefully, accurately and on time, if the task is specific and there are instructions clearly regulating the procedure for its implementation. People like this quiet profession, for example, librarian, accountant, laboratory assistant.
SENSITIVE
From the first steps, these guys are fearful, afraid of loneliness, darkness, animals, especially dogs. They avoid active and noisy peers, but are sociable with those they are accustomed to; They love to play with kids: they feel confident and calm. They are very attached to their family and friends, these are “home children”: they try not to leave their native walls, they do not like to visit, much less travel somewhere far away (for example, to another city, even if their beloved grandmother lives there).
Dominant character traits: increased sensitivity, impressionability. Children are timid and shy, especially among strangers and in unusual surroundings. They see many shortcomings in themselves.
Attractive character traits: kindness, calmness, attentiveness to people, sense of duty, high internal discipline, responsibility, conscientiousness, self-criticism, increased demands on oneself. They strive to overcome their weaknesses.
Repulsive character traits: suspiciousness, timidity, isolation, tendency to self-flagellation and self-humiliation, confusion in difficult situations, increased sensitivity and conflict on this basis.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: They cannot tolerate ridicule or suspicion from others of unseemly actions or unfriendly attitudes.
Features of communication and friendship. They contact with a narrow circle of people who arouse their sympathy. They avoid meeting and communicating with the lively and restless in every possible way. They prefer to share experiences and sensations with old friends.
Attitude to study and work. They study because they do not want to upset their relatives and teachers. They are embarrassed to answer at the board, they are afraid that they will be called an upstart. With a friendly attitude from teachers, they show excellent results.
For them, work is something secondary; the main thing is warm and kind relationships with colleagues and the support of their manager. They can be executive and dedicated secretaries, assistants, etc.
HYPOTHYME
They don’t show much joy and are offended by everyone, especially their parents. There is an expression of dissatisfaction on their faces, frustration because they did not do it the way they wanted.
Dominant character trait: always in minor.
Attractive character traits: conscientiousness, a sharp critical view of the world. They strive to be at home more often, to create comfort and warmth, thereby avoiding unnecessary worries.
Repulsive character traits: touchiness, vulnerability, despondency, a tendency to look for illness in oneself, almost no interests and hobbies. Fast fatiguability.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: open disagreement with a different perception of reality.
Features of communication and friendship. Often and for a long time they are offended by others and friends, although they urgently need communication, so that they have someone to complain about life, about the fact that they were not understood or appreciated. I like to talk about the difficult circumstances in which I found myself. The advice of your interlocutor will be answered with a lot of arguments why nothing can be changed and it will only get worse.
It is difficult to be friends with such children: in any person they see possible reason worsening your mood.
Attitude to study and work. They prove themselves by memorizing the material well and carefully completing assignments, but they are not particularly interested in the depth and content itself. Study out of fear bad grades. Citing illness, they may skip classes, most often in physical education, labor training and other subjects, the teachers of which do not make allowances for a bad mood.
It happens that they complain about people, circumstances, and ask to be given another task. But everything repeats itself: shortcomings, negative points in the organization of production or traits in others - a whole uprising in the soul. It's hard to do one thing all the time.
CONFORMAL TYPE
This type is quite common. Children agree with everything that their immediate environment offers, but as soon as they fall under the influence of another group, they change their attitude towards the same things to the opposite. They lose their personal attitude towards the world - judgments and assessments will coincide with the opinions of those with whom they communicate at the moment. Moreover, they do not stand out, do not impose their opinions, representing the masses who agree with the leader.
Dominant character traits: excessive adaptability to the environment, almost complete dependence on family and company. Life flows under the motto: “Think like everyone else, do like everyone else, and so that everything is like everyone else.” This extends to the style of clothing, behavior, views on important issues. These teenagers become attached to their peer group and unconditionally accept its value system without criticism.
Attractive character traits: friendliness, diligence, discipline, complaisance. They will not be a source of conflict or discord.
They listen to the guys’ stories about “exploits”, agree with proposals from leaders, willingly participate in “adventures”, but then they can repent. They lack their own courage and determination.
If the micro-team seems significant and has a positive orientation, then together with it they can achieve serious success, for example, by studying in some section.
Repulsive character traits: lack of independence, almost complete lack of criticality towards oneself and the immediate environment.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: They cannot tolerate drastic changes or disruption of life patterns.
Features of communication and friendship. They easily establish contacts with people and at the same time imitate leaders. Friendly relationships are fickle and depend on the current situation. They do not strive to excel among friends and do not show interest in making new acquaintances.
Attitude to study and work. If everyone around them studies well, then they will make an effort to keep up with their friends. The attitude towards work also depends on the mood of the team; are able to demonstrate diligence, diligence, creativity and ingenuity, and carry out everything that is assigned. Or they may shirk or do work formally if there are slackers nearby.
UNSTABLE TYPE
From childhood they are disobedient, restless, climb everywhere, but at the same time they are afraid of punishment and easily obey their peers.
Dominant character traits: complete inconstancy of manifestations, dependence on any person who is nearby at that moment. Easily influenced.
Attractive character traits: sociability, openness, helpfulness, goodwill, speed of switching in business and communication.
Often, outwardly, such teenagers are obedient, ready to fulfill the requests of adults, but their desires quickly disappear; very soon they forget about their word or are lazy, they come up with a lot of reasons why they cannot do what they promised.
Repulsive character traits: craving for empty pastime and entertainment, talkativeness, agreement, irresponsibility.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: neglect, lack of control.
Features of communication and friendship. Non-conflicting. Their contacts are pointless. They can be part of several groups at once, adopting the rules and style of behavior of each group. Tend to live for today; They sit for hours in front of the TV, listening to music. They act as assistants to leaders.
Attitude to study and work. Under the influence of another hobby, they may begin to study well or abandon their studies, which will inevitably lead to large gaps in knowledge. Further studies become more difficult.
Their knowledge is unsystematic, their attention is unstable, and during lessons they are often distracted from work for a long time. Homework is done
reluctantly.
Good specialists they don't work out like that.
ASTHENIC
Since childhood, they have poor sleep, poor appetite, are often capricious, and are afraid of everything. Sensitive to loud sounds, bright light; they quickly tire of even a small number of people; strive for solitude.
Dominant character traits: increased fatigue, irritability.
Attractive Character Traits: accuracy, discipline, modesty, complaisance, diligence, friendliness, forgivingness.
Repulsive character traits: moodiness, self-doubt, lethargy, forgetfulness.
Such teenagers are timid, shy, have low self-esteem, and cannot stand up for themselves. They experience great anxiety when external circumstances change, stereotypes are broken, because their psychological defense mechanism is getting used to things
and way of life.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: sudden affective outbursts due to severe fatigue and irritability.
Features of communication and friendship. They do not strive for close relationships due to uncertainty and do not show initiative. The circle of friends is limited.
Attitude to study and work. Low self-esteem often gets in the way. Constant doubts, feelings of anxiety and fear of making a mistake prevent you from working normally in class or answering at the board, even when the material has been learned. Work is tiring and does not bring joy or relief. Heavy and tense causes irritation. Need periodic rest or rotation different types activities.
LABILE TYPE
They often catch colds. They are capable of getting upset because of an unflattering word, an unfriendly look, or a broken toy. Pleasant words, a new suit or book, good news quickly lift your spirits and give a cheerful tone to the conversation, but at any moment another “trouble” can change everything.
Dominant character trait: extreme mood swings from insignificant reasons. State of mind determines everything: appetite, sleep, general well-being, desire to communicate, learn, performance.
Attractive character traits: good nature, sensitivity, affection, sincerity, responsiveness (during periods of high spirits). Loyalty to those with whom you are good relations who is loved and cared for. Moreover, this attachment remains, even if the mood has changed.
Repulsive character traits: irritability, short temper, pugnacity, weakened self-control. During a normal conversation, they can flare up and say something impudent and offensive.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: emotional rejection of significant people, loss of loved ones or separation from those to whom they are attached.
Features of communication and friendship. It all depends on my mood. If you are happy and satisfied with life, then you establish contacts with great desire; if you are upset and not satisfied, then they are minimal.
Possess developed intuition, easily determine a “good” and a “bad” person when choosing a friend. They prefer to be friends with those who, during periods of low mood, know how to distract, console, tell something interesting, when attacked by others - to protect, and in moments of emotional upsurge - to share wild joy and fun. Capable of loyal friendship.
Attitude to study and work. Characterized by extreme variability; They react unpredictably to remarks and requests from the teacher or parents: in response to a remark they are able to laugh and joyfully begin to correct the mistake, but tears, irritation, and reluctance to obey the legitimate demands of the teacher are quite possible.
Knowledge is superficial and unsystematic, because such teenagers do not manage themselves and cannot be controlled by adults.
They switch, they forget about bad mood, if the work interests you, it doesn’t get boring, it captivates you.
CYCLOID
These schoolchildren are no different from their peers, but from time to time they are unusually noisy, mischievous, and are constantly doing something. Then they become calm and controlled again. Adolescents experience periodic phases of mood swings, the duration of which ranges from several days to a week or more.
Dominant character trait: cyclical changes in the emotional background (high mood disappears, emotional decline puzzles everyone).
Attractive character traits: initiative, cheerfulness, sociability, when the soul is good.
Repulsive character traits: inconsistency, imbalance, indifference, outbursts of irritability, excessive touchiness and pickiness
to others. If you are overcome by sadness, then everything falls out of your hands; What was easy yesterday requires incredible effort today.
During a recession, it is more difficult to live, study, and communicate. Companies are annoying, risk, adventure, entertainment are losing their appeal. They become “homebodies” for a while.
Mistakes and minor troubles are very difficult to experience on pessimistic days. Just yesterday they won the tournament, but today the game isn’t going well, the coach is unhappy... It’s depressing, they don’t recognize their body, they don’t understand their irritation, they don’t want to see their loved ones.
They respond to remarks and remarks with dissatisfaction, although deep down they are very worried about these sudden changes. There is no feeling of hopelessness; they are confident that after some time everything will be fine again. You just need to survive the recession period.
“Weak link” of the psychotype: emotional rejection from significant people, a radical breakdown of life stereotypes.
Features of communication and friendship. Relationships with people are cyclical: the desire for communication, new acquaintances, reckless prowess are replaced by isolation, reluctance to talk even with parents
and close friends (“I’m so tired of you all”). They are truly friends with those who understand this inevitability of change in relationships and are not offended and forgive outbursts of irritability and resentment.
Attitude to study and work. Periods of active work in the classroom and at home are followed by stages when complete indifference to anything sets in.
In work, everything works out and works out as long as it’s interesting; as soon as the mood drops, they are dissatisfied with everything that is offered to them.
Based on the degree of severity, two types of character accentuations can be distinguished, which is necessary to know for an individual approach to raising a child, when choosing career guidance, and forms of personal and family psychotherapy:
obvious accentuation is an extreme variant of the norm. Character traits are expressed throughout life;
hidden accentuation is a common variant of the norm. Some special character traits appear mainly during psychological trauma.
These 2 types can transform into each other, which is influenced by family upbringing, social environment, professional activity, physical health. Unlike “pure” types, they are much more common mixed forms character accentuations.
Natalya Grigorieva, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology of BSMU, Candidate of Medical Sciences. Sci.