Water is the basis of life. Every day, a person uses tons of this priceless mineral for his own purposes, so it is constantly lacking. Owners of suburban real estate in all its manifestations seek to provide themselves with life-giving moisture and are engaged in the arrangement of wells or wells. Many are interested in how to find water for a well in their area. It turns out that you can try to do it yourself, using one of the many existing methods.

Where does groundwater accumulate?

Before you start looking, it's worth knowing a little more about groundwater. Moisture underground accumulates inside the so-called aquifers as a result of filtering precipitation. The liquid, sandwiched between water-resistant layers of soil, consisting of stone or clay, forms reservoirs of various sizes.

Their location is not strictly horizontal, they can bend, forming in such areas a kind of lens filled with water. Their volumes are also very diverse: from a few cubic meters to tens of cubic kilometers.

The scheme of groundwater occurrence is necessary in order to have at least some idea where the source may be.

Closest to the surface, at a depth of only 2-5 m, lies the "top water". These are small reservoirs fed by precipitation and melt waters. In dry times, they tend to dry up and cannot be a source of water supply. In addition, water from them can most often be used only for technical purposes. Most Interest for humans, they represent deep aquifers containing large reserves of perfectly filtered water. They usually lie at a depth of 8-10 meters and below. The most valuable water, enriched with minerals and salts, is even deeper, at a distance of about 30-50 m. Getting to it is real, but difficult.

Popular ways to search for water on the site

If desired, the search for water under the well can be done in several ways. The most common of them:

Use of pottery

The ancient method of determining the presence of water involved the use of a clay pot. It was dried in the sun, then turned over and placed on the ground over the place where the water vein was supposed to lie. After a while, the dishes fogged up from the inside, if there really was water under it. Today, this method has been somewhat improved.

You need to take a liter or two of silica gel, which is an excellent desiccant. It is thoroughly dried in the oven and poured into a clay pot. After that, the dishes with the gel are weighed on accurate scales, better than pharmaceutical ones. Then they are wrapped in cloth and buried to a depth of about half a meter in the place where it is supposed to drill a well. Leave it there for a day, then dig it out and carefully weigh it again.

Not one or two aquifers have been found with silica gel yet

The more moisture absorbed into the gel, the closer the water. You can bury several pots at the initial stage and choose a place with the most intensive return of water. Instead of silica gel, an ordinary brick can be used, which is also dried and weighed.

Observations - where do plants grow?

Some plants are excellent indicators of underground water.

Plants will tell you if there is water in the area

For example, a birch growing above a stream will be of low height with a knotty, twisted trunk. The branches of the tree located above it will form the so-called "witch's panicles". The water close to the surface will be shown by thickets of woodlice, a low herbaceous plant. River gravel directly points to the watercourse located under it. But the pine, with its long taproot, says the opposite - in this place the water is deep enough.

Definition by height difference

This method can only be used if there is any body of water or well nearby. You will need an ordinary aneroid barometer, with which pressure will be measured. Based on the fact that for every 13 m of elevation difference, the pressure will drop by about 1 mm of mercury, one can try to determine the depth of groundwater. To do this, you need to measure the pressure at the site of the proposed well and on the shore of the reservoir. The pressure drop is about half a mm Hg. Art. indicates that the depth of the aquifer is 6 or 7 meters.

Observations of natural phenomena

The soil, saturated with underground moisture, will certainly evaporate it. In the early morning or evening at the end of a very hot summer day It is worth paying attention to the area where it is supposed to equip the well.

If fog forms over it, there is water there. It is best if the fog rises in a column or swirls, which means that there is a lot of moisture and it is close enough. You should also be aware that waterproof layers usually follow the terrain. Thus, in the basins and natural depressions, surrounded by hills, there will definitely be water. But on the slopes and plains it may not be.

exploration drilling

How to find water with a frame?

Very often, the search for water for a well is carried out using dowsing, an old and very accurate method for determining the watercourse. Before starting the search, you will need to prepare frames, which are segments aluminum wire about 40 cm long. Their ends at a level of about 10 cm are bent at a right angle. It is believed that it is best to insert frames into tubes of elderberry that have been cored. The wire in the tubes must turn absolutely calmly. Also, forks of branches of viburnum, willow or hazel can be used as a frame.

Frames are small pieces of aluminum wire bent at right angles.

• We determine the position of the cardinal points using the compass and mark them on the territory of the site with pegs.
• We take a frame in each hand. We press the elbows to the sides, we direct the forearms parallel to the ground, so that the frame becomes, as it were, an extension of the arms.
• Slowly we cross the territory of the site from north to south, and then from east to west. In a place where there is a watercourse underground, the frames will begin to move and intersect. This place is marked with a peg.
• Considering that water usually lies in the form of peculiar veins, having found one point, we determine the entire watercourse. To do this, we perform the previous operation several times, each time marking with a peg the place where the frames intersected.

• We determine the power and depth of the watercourse. We imagine that we are diving to the depth of our own growth, then to two, three or more such distances. The first time the frame will react to the upper border of the water vein, the second - to the bottom.

Well on the site - practical solution to provide water supply to the house and personal plot. Methods for self-search of an underground watercourse will determine the presence of water on the site and help make a decision on the possibility of arranging the system. But do not rely too much on them, because all these methods, although considered quite accurate, give only general answers to questions. Only experts will be able to determine the presence of an aquifer, its depth and thickness absolutely accurately.

Not only the cost of the services provided, but also the quality of the water depends on the indicators of the depth of the well. Therefore, this factor cannot be left unchecked. We will tell you what methods exist for checking the depth of a well after drilling, what are their advantages and disadvantages, and how to protect yourself from deception, but get the desired result.

METHODS FOR CHECKING THE DEPTH OF A READY WELL FOR WATER

In this article, we will explain how to check the depth of a well after drilling. The required well depth is a determining factor for the quality of the water supplied and for determining the price. Most owners carefully control this factor, because when calculating the cost, each meter is paid. If you are drilling a well under water on your own, then you still need to determine the depth of the well as accurately as possible. This is required for accurate installation of the work equipment.

WHAT DEPENDS ON WATER DEPTH

The required depth of a well for water depends on which balls of soil the aquifers are located on. It is necessary to take into account the fact for which you need this well. For example, if it is needed for watering plants, then it is enough to use water located at a depth of 4-6 meters. But it is not recommended to use such water for drinking, so larger drilling will be required.
We must not lose sight of the fact that when reaching aquifers, it is imperative to take water for analysis. If the first analysis shows that the level of dangerous pollutants in the water is exceeded, then it is necessary to continue work until the balls with available drinking water.

WHAT WORK METHODS EXIST?

One of the advantages of working with us is that, using our experience, we know what the optimal depth should be so that you receive exceptionally high-quality water. To do this, our specialists use a depth map.
There are several ways to check the depth of a well after drilling. They differ in accuracy, complexity of work and availability.
Among them:
simple mechanical way
more technologically advanced method using a logging cable with magnetic marks
measurement with an acoustic depth gauge
So, now let's talk about each method separately.

MECHANICAL METHOD

The first way is available to absolutely everyone. For it you will need a cord, a mechanical weight and a ruler. There are specialized hydrogeological tapes that simplify this process. To check the depth of the hole after drilling, it is necessary to lower the weight into the hole until a decrease in the tension of the line is noticeable. Next, carefully remove the devices and measure the length of the cord. The wet part of the cord determines the placement of the water mirror.
This method is very simple, but has a small minus. It lies in the fact that in this way it is possible to check the depth of wells after drilling up to 10 meters. The wet part of the cord will give an idea of ​​the static water levels, but for correct installation pump needs dynamic data.

CABLE APPLICATIONS

The second method is similar in principle to the first, but it uses more technologically advanced equipment that provides more information. In terms of accuracy, this method is the first, being the most popular in determining the depth of aquifers. The basis of the equipment is a coil with magnetic marks that transmit information to the receiver. The reel has a special roller, thanks to which the depth is determined.

PROS AND CONS OF ACOUSTIC DEPTH GAUGE

As for the application of acoustic depth gauge, this equipment is widely used in the mining industry, not only when measuring the depth of the well. This method is based on the reception of echolocation. An acoustic signal is sent into the well, then the tool measures the performance of the incoming and outgoing signals. The difference is directly proportional to the distance traveled, that is, the depth of the well. This method allows you to measure the depth of the well quite quickly. The only negative is that the equipment is expensive and it is unprofitable to buy it for yourself. If you want to use this method, it is better to turn to professionals.

IS IT POSSIBLE TO TRUST THE TECHNOLOGICAL PASSPORT OF THE WELL?

After the work is completed, any company provides technological passport well, which indicates the depth. Whether this document should be trusted is a moot point. It all depends on the professionalism and responsibility of the company with which you cooperate. You probably already heard about how they cheat when drilling water wells. A firm that values ​​its reputation will not do this. Therefore, it is important to choose companies with good reviews clients.
If you doubt that you will be given the correct data upon completion of the work, then it is better to be present at the completion of the drilling of the well. The drilling rigs provide the final data and the installed rods are counted. You can control this process yourself.

CIMBERIA IS YOUR RELIABLE PARTNER

Kimberia has been a trusted partner for many years. We are trusted by many clients in the Moscow region. On request, the brigade will be able to as soon as possible travel to any area of ​​the Moscow region. Thanks to many years of experience, we will be able to carry out work in any area and in any area, adhering to all quality and safety standards. And the price of services is affordable to absolutely everyone.
With us you can quickly and cheaply acquire an autonomous well in the country, near the cottage, country house. We will make sure that you always have clean and high-quality water. Turnkey modern well - optimal solution for years to come!

A well is an amazing device that allows you to use water for any need and at any time, without depending on utilities. But in order for the water to be suitable for domestic purposes, the depth of the well must be observed for drinking water. It is not difficult to determine it, knowing some of the nuances and conditions of cultivation.

Everyone knows that a well is a kind of well, so the value can vary from the minimum dimensions to large sizes deeper. In addition, the depth of the well may depend on other factors. It is worth considering each of them in detail, characteristic of Russia.

There are several reasons by which it is easy to determine the required depth value:

In some cases, when all attempts to clarify at what depth to make a source for water have not been successful, exploratory drilling is used. It is worth noting that this service is paid and each meter will cost you about 400-600 rubles.

Attention! Remember that there are sources that do not require and require permission from government agencies. So, you can use the source without tax if it is 3-5 m deep, and wells from 15 meters or more require permission from the appropriate authority. How much the annual fee will be, you can check with the authorities.

Aquifers: their types and location

It is enough to simply extract moisture in the earth's thickness, but for this you still need to know what levels of occurrence exist, you should definitely find an aquifer first and only then start drilling.

The aquifer is divided into three types. Please note that when trying to dig a well with your own hands, you may encounter several levels of natural liquid. The first is located near the surface of the earth, its approximate depth is 3-6 meters (how much will be exact depends on the terrain and geological structure). Can this liquid be called drinkable? You can clarify the details only after the examination, moreover, this layer usually does not correspond sanitary standards, but for watering the garden, such water would be ideal.

We continue drilling, now the aquifer can meet at a depth of 10 to 17 meters. Almost always, this level of occurrence is ideal for domestic use, but it is still worth checking. However, the composition of the liquid can change depending on the time of year. In spring, the water can be filled with rainwater and precipitation. Sometimes drinking water acquires the smell of hydrogen sulfide.

The third layer can be located at a depth of 25-45 meters, which may vary depending on the type of terrain. How many meters deep into the earth lie the artesian levels in your territory, you can find out from the authorities state power. In this case, your well must be allowed. It is imperative to determine the suitability of a liquid for everyday life in order to eliminate the risk of poisoning by various metals and gases.

Types of wells for water

It is customary to share offline sources water supply into three types:

The Abyssinian well is located at a depth of 8-13 meters. This option of water supply can be used for cooking and other domestic purposes. The design differs in that when precipitation falls, perched water does not fall into this layer. No matter how many of them fall out, the structure will be reliably protected.

The sandy well is equipped by means of the auger drilling method and is located 15-20 meters below the ground surface. The water from here enters the pipeline mostly clean, as sand is an excellent natural filter. Such a source can be operated both year-round and periodically.

An artesian well has ideal water qualities, which is drilled to a great depth. If in the private sector it is beaten in the range from 15 to 50 meters, then for production purposes the source can reach 200 meters. Its service life is at least 45 years, of course, if maintenance is carried out regularly. It is worth remembering the possibilities of the source.

Attention! How long it takes to drill a source to get a perfectly clean liquid, which we call drinkable, depends on the location and the needs of the owner. The lower the depth of the well, the higher the likelihood of regularly using purified moisture.

We equip a well for drinking water with our own hands

Often it is better to cultivate a well for everyday life with the help of special firms. They will help determine optimal value depth and do everything without consequences. Of course, having skills in work, you can cope on your own. So, in the process it is necessary to act strictly in stages:

• it is worth correctly determining the type of drilling of the source and how much time and effort it will take. This stage is carried out in order to facilitate your work under certain conditions, since some techniques will not be appropriate due to geological structure soil;
• we prepare the equipment and the place where your source will be located (again, we recommend consulting with the authorities local government, they will tell you where it is better to place it;
• if it is planned to install a caisson and equipment near the source, we prepare a pit of specific dimensions, how much its height will be, decide on the basis of the equipment to be installed;
• then we drill the first section of the future well, then we install the casing string. What it will be in terms of strength depends on experience and the selected material;
• back to drilling the next few meters. We strengthen the hole with pipes and twist them with threads (if they are prepared) or with clamps;
• as soon as you have reached the sand or clay layer, you need to slow down the drilling speed. Here it would be advisable to start pumping and cleaning the filled pit;
• a few minutes after cleaning you should see clear water. At this stage, you can complete the recess and mount the bottom filter, otherwise, you may need to go down another 1-4 meters to get into another layer;
• Now let's move on to the final step. We fix the column, check its tightness and install the cover.

In the future, it is only necessary to equip the caisson, purchase everything necessary equipment and carry out the laying of pipelines to the places of water intake. How long it will take depends on the capabilities of the employee.

Drinking water well depth

One of the most important indicators for a summer resident is the depth of drilling, because it is by depth that the price of drilling is calculated. Our practice shows that most people do not understand what the depth of the well should be. It is generally accepted that at shallow depths there is little water, at great depths there is a lot of it. Accordingly, a shallow well is enough for a summer cottage, and a deep well is needed for water supply at home.

These are all myths, now we will clarify this issue and tell you how to find out how many meters to drill a well.

How to find out the depth of water for a well

At the moment there is no 100% way to check the depth of the water before drilling. Even geophysicists will not be able to accurately determine.
So how do you know how deep to drill a well?
There are 4 working tips:

• Ask how many meters of wells the neighbors have. But they can withhold real data, don't be surprised by this. Occasionally it happens that even in neighboring areas there can be significant differences in depth.
• Ask the drillers. Companies that have been operating in your area for a long time have probably already re-drilled every square meter and know the approximate depths.
• Find well depth maps of the Moscow region on the Internet and see the points closest to you.
• Drill an artesian well. Everything is clear here, you order and they drill for you until the limestone is opened, after which you will know the result.

Optimal well depth for drinking water

A person who has nothing to do with drilling thinks something like this: water starts from 10 meters and the deeper it becomes, the cleaner and cleaner it becomes, and starting from 40 meters (conditionally), it is as clean as possible. It is this water that is potable, and a well for such water is called artesian. Hence the classic question is born: “at what depth is drinking water?”
Having learned such a depth from someone, people want to drill a fixed hole of 70 meters, or 30 or 100 meters.

All these are delusions! There is no optimal well depth.

We also often hear similar words: “I don’t need a lot of water, I just water the plot.” Some people believe that if a well is drilled on summer cottage and the water will go mainly for irrigation, then you can drill shallow. This is a myth and let's find out why it's not true.

How deep does an artesian well start?

In the generally accepted sense, an artesian well in the Moscow region is a well drilled to water-bearing limestones, hence its second name is a limestone well. But at what depth the drillers will open these limestones, this will be the very one " optimal depth wells". Water may also be contained in other rocks, but in the Moscow region they are drilled for limestone. Since the geology of the area is heterogeneous, such aquifers can occur both at 20 meters and at 200 meters. And no one can accurately say the exact depth of their occurrence.

They don’t drill to the depth, they drill to the water-bearing rocks!

Having opened these rocks, you will get a well with a certain flow rate (productivity). A submersible pump is selected for this flow rate and for your goals, and then it does not matter whether this water is used for irrigation or for the home, the pump will pump as much as it can.

For a more accurate understanding of what to expect in your area, you should look at the map of the depths of the Moscow region or return to and use the advice from there. If you are not in the Moscow region, find a similar map of your region and find out how deep water wells are drilled in you, but all these are only indicative values.

What is the depth of the well does not require a license

As with well depth, there is no maximum depth to which a well can be drilled without a permit. According to the Subsoil Law, you can drill an artesian well if it does not exploit the aquifer used for the centralized water supply of your locality.
In addition, an ordinary summer resident who drills a well for his home and only his own needs does not need a license.
You can learn more about the license.

How to check the depth of the well after drilling, so as not to be deceived

And at the end, let's move on to important point how to verify the words of the drillers and find out how many meters they actually drilled. After all, it is generally accepted that a priori they want to deceive you.
After the drilling has been completed, the drilling crew hands over the well to you and makes a depth measurement. You must be present at this process, because it is you who sign the act of work performed and if something is wrong, then there will be no one to present claims.
Measurements are made by drillers with their drilling tools, namely drill rods, which have the same length (pictured). The bars are alternately lowered to the bottom, a mark is made on the last bar, then they are taken out and laid out. Then take a tape measure and measure the length of the rod and multiply by their number + part of the latter. Everything is simple. You have the right to measure at least every barbell.
As you can see in the photo, the rod is rigid metal and even if you want, it is impossible to lower more than necessary into their well.
This is the simplest and most accurate method of measuring the depth of a well.
Therefore, when a well is handed over, come and check the depth so as not to do what we will write about later.

Practice shows that many do not trust this or were not there when the well was handed over and are simply sure that they were deceived. Therefore, having received a working well, they begin experiments, sometimes right on the day the drillers leave.

• Classic case #1.
  After reading articles on depth measurement (from theorists), you decide to lower a hammer, ax or other heavy element into the well. Everything would be fine, but those who advise this method probably forgot that, at a certain depth (indicated in the passport), the well has a transition to a smaller diameter. Your hammer will rest against this smaller diameter and will not go further, you will decide that this is the bottom and consider that you have been deceived.
• Classic case #2.
  Your hammer nevertheless entered this smaller diameter, plunges deeper and deeper into the water, the rope becomes heavy, and even if your object has sunk to the bottom, the rope itself stretches further under its own weight.
  And it's good if you can pull your hammer back. It often happens that either the rope just breaks, or the hammer gets caught on something, you pull it and get a rope break, or you just can’t get your hammer back.
  As a result, you lose the warranty, lose the opportunity to install the pump and get a new well that needs to be repaired. They will try to repair it for you, but for some money.

Sometimes the depth measurement service is provided by third-party workers whom you have called to install the pump. Their method is about the same - a load on a rope. The result is the same as with self-measurement.
You can learn more about cheating by drilling firms.

How to check the depth of an old well

Having bought a house with an old artesian well, or having received an abandoned well in some other way, in the absence of documents for it, most likely, repair not worth it. After all, this is a waste of time and money, and it is not known whether there will be water at the outlet.
Perhaps, during the downtime, stones and debris were thrown into it, perhaps casing pipes were torn in it, and if it is a sand well, then its service life has long expired and it is inoperable.
It's a lottery: you have to pay for logging, you need to buy a submersible pump according to the parameters of the well and try to pump it out. There is a risk that the pump will catch on to something, but only in such an empirical way can one understand whether the well will work.
If there is no water and the pump has already been purchased, then you will have to re-drill the well and hope that your purchased borehole pump fit her settings.

Well water level measurement

After the well has been drilled, the water level in the well is measured with a device that drillers call a cracker. When it hits the water, it emits a pop, this allows you to determine the static water level.
The dynamic water level is defined differently: when water is pumped out, it is beaten off on the rods, the underwater and surface parts become slightly different color. Based on this, it is easy to determine the dynamics.
You can’t throw a cracker, even if the well large diameter and the pump is narrow, there is a risk that everything will get stuck.

All these works are carried out by drillers, you yourself do not need to measure the water level, especially since the pump is already standing. There is a very high chance of the gauge getting stuck, and repairs are very expensive. Yes, and it makes no sense to remeasure, everything has already been done and calculated for you.

Well drilling for suburban area will provide its owners with water required for personal purposes and irrigation. Own source will allow you to build an independent water supply. However, there are cases when the excavation of the working does not give results. How to avoid such "mistakes"? After all, the drillers will have to pay, even if there is no water.

We will tell you in the smallest details how to find water for a well. Let's get acquainted with all possible methods of searching for this mineral. Imagine technologies applied on an industrial scale, and folk ways determining the presence of groundwater.

For a thorough study of the topic, we have collected and systematized noteworthy information available on the network. The information submitted for consideration is supplemented with photos, graphic illustrations and video reviews.

Before proceeding with the search for water under the well, it is necessary to fix the presence of such underground resources and determine what the depth of occurrence is in the selected section of the aquifer.

Depending on location and depth The groundwater are divided into three types:

• Verkhovodka- lies within 2-5 meters from the surface. It is formed as a result of the filtration of precipitation. Due to the shallow occurrence, this type of water can fluctuate: either it rises after precipitation, or it decreases during the dry period.
• ground water- aquifers in sedimentary rocks, occurring approximately in the region of 8-40 meters from the surface. From above, they are protected by several layers of rocks, therefore they do not depend on the change of seasons. Sometimes they are in the depressions of the relief, they independently make their way through springs that supply tasty clean water.
• artesian waters- most often lie at a depth of more than 40 meters. They are distributed along cracks in rocky limestone. Water is characterized by the presence of mineral salts and the absence of clay suspension. The flow rate of artesian wells is quite stable.

The qualitative and quantitative parameters of the aquifer are of key importance.

The thickness of the earth is formed from rocks, some of which prevent the penetration of moisture - aquicludes, while others, on the contrary, form aquifers

To identify areas promising for water, the method of electrical sounding is most often used. It is carried out by vertical sounding of the soil. The electrical resistivity of rocks and underground aquifers differ.

Thus, water-saturated soils have a lower electrical resistance than the mineral skeleton of low-moisture rocks.

With the help of current recorders, you can determine the resistance at each horizon, designating for yourself those areas where there is a layer of groundwater

The only drawback of this method is that there is always a possibility of calculation errors, provided that there are deposits of iron ore in the soil or the proximity of metal fences and railway networks.

Seismic exploration technology

The seismic exploration technique is based on the measurement of wave kinematics. With the help of instruments, places are determined where an increased seismic background is observed, the peak values ​​of which reach frequencies from 4 to 15 Hz.

The essence of seismic exploration is that, first, measurements are carried out on the territory located in the immediate vicinity of the groundwater search site, which has a similar geological section.

The generated waves directed downwards, having reached the rock, which is different from the higher layers, are reflected upwards like an echo. Then, for an hour, the same measurements are carried out in the groundwater search area.

The depth of the reflecting boundary is calculated based on the obtained values ​​of the sensitive instruments of geophones. The presence of artesian waters is judged by a 5-10-fold increase in the level of seismic background in the area of ​​the studied areas.

Frequency values ​​within 4-15 Hz that exceed the level natural background Earths, arise due to the fact that water-filled collectors are a denser medium for the passage of the acoustic environment

When acoustic waves pass through liquids with a high density, a change occurs in the direction of high frequencies.

Exploration drilling

This method allows you to accurately determine the geological rocks that form the site. But since it involves large financial costs, it is used only in situations where it is planned to equip a large water intake designed for several houses.

To increase the reliability of research at the designated groundwater search site, two or three exploratory wells are drilled

Experts distinguish three methods of exploratory drilling:

• Kolinsky- used for drilling to great depths. The principle of operation is based on the fact that a rotating core barrel, the end of which is equipped with a drill bit, cuts through the rock. And then the destroyed rock is pushed to the surface under the pressure of the flushing solution or compressed air supplied through the pipe string.
• Rotary- based on the transfer of rotational motion to the drill string through the surface rotor. This type of drilling is accompanied by flushing the bottomhole from the rock with a special solution or plain water.
• Shock rope- works due to the destruction of rocks under the action of a falling drilling projectile, the end of which is fixed on a rope. The tool simply breaks off the rock and crushes the soil, and then, using a bailer, extracts it to the surface.

The choice of drilling method depends on the type of rock, the depth of the formation or lens, and the financial capabilities of the customer. But in terms of drilling speed and productivity, rotational methods win in this regard.

The price of an exploration well is determined by multiplying the cost of one running meter to the depth of the trunk. The total amount is calculated based on the complexity of penetration, the diameter of the wellbore and the need to use casing pipes.

Hydrogeological data obtained from drilled wells are taken into account when compiling a predictive estimate of a promising area. They help to study the change in the properties of water-bearing rocks in a vertical section.

Do-it-yourself well drilling

But drilling exploratory wells is a rather expensive method. Not many owners can afford it. suburban areas. As an alternative, test drilling can be done independently using the auger method.

This method is similar to making a hole in the ice during winter fishing. The helical structure is simply screwed into the ground. When extracting to the surface, the auger blades take the crushed rock with them.

The auger drilling method involves loosening the soil and immersing a bit in it, with the help of which the soil is extracted outside

To carry out the work, you will need an auger with blades equipped with a drill head. You can buy such a screw tool in any hardware store. Included with it are type-setting rods, which are convenient to use for building up the structure as it is deepened into the soil.

The work is performed in the following sequence:

1. At the selected site, they dig a guide hole with a depth of 60-80 cm.
2. The auger is lowered into the pit and begin to rotate, deepening the drill head.
3. After the screw rod has passed 1-2 meters deep into the ground, the drill is removed, removing the loosened earth. As the helical structure advances, it is important to monitor the vertical position of the well.
4. When the auger reaches a depth at which it is already inconvenient to work with the tool, the structure is built up with a drill rod. Simultaneously with the implementation of drilling under the action of centrifugal force, the casing of the walls of the well occurs.
5. Drilling is performed until the screw rod reaches the aquifer.

The worked out soil is transported using the same auger, which is a single screw conveyor, to the surface. At the same time, the soil lifted outward strengthens the walls of the trunk due to the friction force. This reduces costs when drilling plastic soils, since there is no need to use casing pipes.

But it should be borne in mind that the auger method is effective only when searching for groundwater, the occurrence level of which does not exceed 50 meters, and the rocks belong to the plastic and loose category.

Folk ways of determining

It is possible to carry out exploration on your own in search of an aquifer for or a well-needle, even if there are no landmarks in the adjacent areas.

Orientation by natural features

Signs of the presence of an aquifer in the soil can be:

• Observation of the behavior of animals and insects. Pillars of midges curl in the place where there is a source of water, and red ants, on the contrary, try to settle away from it.
• Wide distribution of moisture-loving plants in the area.

Indicators of the proximity of groundwater from herbaceous plants nettle, horsetail, sedge, sorrel, reed stand out. Tree-like plants with a tap root such as bird cherry, willow, birch, black poplar, sarsazan will indicate that the water lies at a depth of up to 7 meters.

On a hot afternoon, animals dig in the ground in search of coolness in places where groundwater is close to the surface.

For the soil and its underlying rocks, under which the source passes, is characterized by high humidity. It will certainly evaporate, forming clouds of fog in the morning; you just have to keep an eye on the area.

Pay attention also to the relief. It is noticed that water carriers lie almost horizontally. Therefore, in the region of depressions, the probability of occurrence of water is always higher.

With the help of dowsing frames

The old method, based on the dowsing effect, in which a person reacts to the presence of water and other bodies in the earth, creating heterogeneities of various configurations and sizes in its thickness, does not lose popularity.

When searching for water to select a place under the dowsing method, a wire frame or a tree branch with a fork in the hands of a human operator acts as an indicator. It is able to determine the presence of an aquifer, despite even the layer of soil separating from the water.

Dowsing - the ability of the frame to move under the influence external factors, for example, vibrate and approach each other over places where keys hit

Dowsing frames can be made of calibrated aluminum, steel or copper wire with a diameter of 2-5 mm. To do this, the ends of the wire segments 40-50 cm long are bent at a right angle, giving them L-shape. The length of the sensitive shoulder will be 30-35 cm, and the handle 10-15 cm.

The task of the operator is to ensure the free rotation of the “tool”. To make your task easier, bent ends wires put on wooden handles.

Bending your arms at a right angle and taking the tool by the wooden handles, you need to slightly tilt them away from you so that the wire rods become, as it were, an extension of the hands.

To achieve the goal, you need to consciously tune in and clearly formulate the task in front of you. After that, you just need to slowly move around the site and observe the rotation of the frames.

In the place of the site where groundwater is hidden, the rods of the frame will cross each other. The operator must mark this point and continue to explore, but already moving in a perpendicular direction relative to the original line of motion. The desired source will be located at the intersection point of the found marks.

The dowsing frames will react by connecting the ends to each other in the place where the aquifers pass on the site

It's believed that best time to search for water by dowsing is summer or early autumn. The most favorable periods:

• from 5 to 6 am;
• from 16 to 17 days;
• from 20 to 21 pm;
• from 24:00 to 1:00 am.

L-shaped frames are convenient to use in field conditions but in the absence of wind. To work with the tool you need experience and skill. After all, the deviation of the frame may even depend on emotional state operator.

For the same reason, before working with frames, it is better to refrain from using alcoholic beverages. Before you start searching, you need to learn how to work with a biolocator and “hear” it. Thanks to this, in the process of searching for water for a well, the operator will not be distracted even by the presence of closed water pipes on the site.

But it is worth noting that folk methods cannot give a 100% guarantee of obtaining the expected result. After all, even with a successful outcome, there is always a risk of obtaining with low productivity.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Tips for beginners on how to determine a place for arranging a well and drill it with your own hands:

Reconnaissance drilling with a probe:

Such a responsible event as the search for water for a well should be approached with all seriousness, using modern exploration methods for this purpose, or entrust this work to professionals.

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