In order to receive good harvest from his orchard- it is necessary to work fruitfully throughout the whole current year starting in early spring and ending in late autumn. One of these important activities, in addition to whitewashing and pruning trees, is their spraying, and carbamide (urea) is considered the most effective means for this. Treating trees with urea solves several problems at once. Today we will talk about the processing of fruit trees and shrubs in the spring with urea.
Characteristics of urea
Urea is one of the highest concentrations of nitrogen fertilizers - almost 46%. Some beginner gardeners confuse it with saltpeter, which can be harmful to tree foliage. Carbamide is produced in the form of granular crystals of white and yellowish tints, which have absolutely no bad smell, easily dissolves in water (in hot water up to +80°C the process is faster) and is perfectly distributed on the treated areas. Due to its hygroscopicity, it must be stored in airtight containers. Gardeners value urea not only for great content it contains nitrogen, but also for the high rate of digestibility by plants. This is especially effective in the fight against harmful insects, when every minute is precious.
What is urea produced in
The product is produced by the method of synthesis from inorganic substances, is a granular mass consisting of rounded milky granules, sometimes translucent. At present, industrial production of carbamide has been established in the form of tablets.
Urea can be purchased in the form of granules.
According to the chemical composition, urea consists almost half of pure nitrogen, which dissolves without residue in any liquids, including water.
The period of processing the garden with urea
Handle fruit trees in the early spring period is much easier than after color. In May days, pollinated urea will not be able to get on the upper branches of plants due to dense young foliage and will not destroy the foci of infection on the tops of the trees. The result will not be visible. If the garden, in general, consists of trees that allow urea to get through young foliage (for example, pears and plums), then late spring or even summer treatments will also be very effective.
Early spring spraying of the garden with urea is also aimed at combating hard spring frosts. The nitrogen contained in urea will slow down the metabolic processes of the tree for a couple of weeks and will not allow young foliage and delicate inflorescences to bloom ahead of time. Thus, frosts, which can cause irreparable harm to fruit trees, will pass by. This property is especially useful for gardens consisting of early ripe varieties trees such as peach, plum or apricot.
Fertilizing fruit trees with urea
The moment for processing the garden is chosen as follows. If you notice ants in the root holes, then expect aphids to appear soon. The moment of truth is coming, because this pest can not only deprive you of the harvest, but even destroy the tree. Time to get started:
Prepare the plants as mentioned earlier (digging the ground, cleaning the bark from damage and insects, whitewashing the trunk and skeletal branches).
For spraying trees, choose a sunny, windless day. If it is very warm, work early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset. If precipitation has passed after spraying the trees, re-treatment is required.
Spraying trees and mixing the solution should be done only in protective clothing, gloves and goggles. Use a backpack sprayer with an extended lance for tall trees.
No need to save money, it does not harm the plantings.
During fruiting, feed the plants with an aqueous solution at the roots. Apple trees - at the rate of 230 - 250 g of urea per 10 liters of water, plums and cherries - 120 ... 150 g. Carbamide can be applied dry at the root, then water the tree abundantly.
With the simultaneous introduction of organic matter (manure), reduce the rate of urea by 1/3 or even half.
Treatment with urea from pests
Spraying with urea effectively helps in the fight against plant pests. Spraying is carried out in the spring, when a constant average daily temperature of +5 C is established. It is important to carry out the procedure before the awakening of the kidneys, then all pests wintering in the scales and under the bark will be guaranteed to be destroyed.
A solution of urea for pest control is prepared at a concentration of 50 to 70 g per 1 liter of water. Spraying with urea helps to destroy aphids, weevils, copperheads and a host of other pests.
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In autumn, at the time of the first stage of leaf fall, it is useful to spray trees with a solution of urea on which traces are seen. infectious diseases: scab, all types of spotting, rust and others. Trees are treated with a solution along the crown and leaf litter. This processing is very effective remedy from infectious diseases of garden trees, a garden on next year will not be affected by infections. Simultaneously with the treatment, the urea solution fertilizes the plants.
Urea Precautions
When working with carbamide, a number of rules should be observed so that the procedure is effective and does not harm human health. Processing is carried out after preparing the garden: fallen leaves are collected, dry branches are cut, dead bark is removed. Work is carried out only on a calm day, early in the morning or in the evening before sunset. If it rains in the next 2 days, the garden treatment will need to be repeated. It is necessary to carry out work and dilute the solution with gloves, a mask and goggles. For work, a special sprayer is used so that it is possible to process the upper branches of trees. At the end of the work, you must thoroughly wash your face and hands, wash your work clothes immediately.
- Spraying trees and shrubs with urea requires preliminary preparation. Under trees and shrubs, you need to dig up the ground, remove excess or diseased branches, be sure to whitewash the trunks.
- You also need to be aware of the weather. The day should be sunny, but not hot and, if possible, windless.
- Spraying with urea in the spring requires safety precautions: gardening is carried out in a respiratory mask, glasses and gloves.
- If your garden is very affected by pests, then to increase the effectiveness of urea, you need to add to it blue vitriol. In this case, 700 g of carbamide and 50 g of copper sulfate are needed for 10 liters of water. Moreover, this solution is completely harmless to both trees and shrubs. Therefore, the treatment of the garden with urea with vitriol should be done generously. Do not spare the solution, because it not only protects the trees, but also fertilizes the soil. It will be possible to process the garden for the second time during flowering, and for the third time - after the formation of ovaries.
- Try to match the weather so that after spraying there is no precipitation for several days. If it still rains, then the treatment of trees with carbamide must be repeated.
- If your garden does not have problems with diseases and pests, then it is not necessary to prepare a urea solution. Carbamide can be applied as a root dressing. Just pour dry urea into the hole with a tree or shrub and water it abundantly.
You can use urea (urea), copper or iron sulfate, 3% Bordeaux mixture for this. But the treatment is carried out not with these four preparations, but preferably with one of them during the period when the foliage completely falls, but before the onset of frost.
Autumn treatment of fruit diseases with urea
This is a highly effective granulating fertilizer containing nitrogen, which is necessary for the growth and development of plants, in an assimilable form. Its mass fraction in fertilizer is 46%. Urea is the most popular spray. It can be used both in autumn and spring. AT autumn period the concentration is taken at the rate of 500-700 grams per 10 liters of water. At the same time, it burns out many fungal diseases, even some of the pests that are trying to winter on fruit trees.
Processing the garden in autumn with urea is chemical treatment rather than fertilizing trees. It is carried out over the entire crown of a tree or berry bush, and the surrounding land around the tree is necessarily sprayed nearby. Almost all pome and stone fruits, as well as berry bushes, are sprayed with urea.
Autumn processing of the orchard with copper sulphate
The drug is considered a fungicide to combat diseases of berry, fruit (pome and stone fruit), ornamental crops. It's good prophylactic from various kinds fungal diseases on plants. The concentration of copper sulfate is chosen depending on the type of plant. So, for spraying apple and pear trees, as well as quince, it is necessary to make a concentration at the rate of 100 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. And for stone fruit crops, like plums, cherries, cherries, as well as peaches and apricots, use a different concentration - 50-75 g per 10 liters of water. The same concentration is used for spraying berry bushes.
Processing of trees is done after the leaves have completely fallen off, carefully processing the branches and trunk of the tree.
Our advice
Due to poor solubility iron sulphate in cold water, it is desirable to warm it up. First, it is desirable to dilute the vitriol in a small amount of warm water, and then mix it with the main volume.
Autumn processing of trees in the garden with iron sulphate
This is a means to combat various garden pests, fungal spores, mosses and lichens. This tool is not only used to control diseases and pests, but it can also fill the need fruit trees in iron. Especially this element is necessary for apple, pear and plum.
On average, the concentration of the solution is used at the rate of 300 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water. But there are some nuances. For example, for spraying gooseberries, currants, raspberries, use 250 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water, for stone fruits - 300 g of the drug and pome fruits (apple and pear) - 500 g per 10 liters of water. Spraying is carried out on a bare tree, near-trunk circle and the ground around the tree.
Bordeaux mixture for processing the orchard in autumn
An effective means of autumn pest and disease control is the treatment of fruit trees, shrubs and berries with a 3% Bordeaux mixture. The solution can be prepared independently: dissolve 300 g of copper sulfate in 5 liters of warm water. In the next 5 liters, dilute 400 g of lime and, stirring constantly, pour the vitriol solution into the lime solution in a thin stream.
You can buy a package of ready-made Bordeaux mixture, only then dilute it in the recommended volume of water.
Bordeaux mixture well destroys all types of spotting, scab and many more fungal diseases (curly, moniliasis, coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis, etc.). Process all shoots and trunk.
It must be remembered that the processing is carried out in dry calm weather. It is important to take measures for personal protection.
Miron DATSKO, Ph.D.
Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation NAAS
photo depositphotos
Autumn cares in the garden are completed only after the snow falls. But until then, you have to take care of fruit trees and berry bushes. In winter, along with fallen leaves, pests also tend to leave. Behind summer period there are quite a lot of them.
Some grew on the site itself, others were brought by the wind. Under the leaves, they can hide until spring, so that later, with the advent of heat, they begin to harm the gardener.
Novice gardeners often ask the question: “Where to start processing trees and shrubs?”
The to-do list is quite extensive. With the onset of autumn in the garden, it is necessary to perform the following types of work:
Carrion cleaning
Cleaning is performed in the following sequence.
- Choose a certain tree or bush, roll up a garden cart.
- Collect all fallen fruits and berries, put in the back.
- After clearing the area under one plant, they move on to another and carefully select the carrion.
- After filling the body, the collected cargo is taken out of the garden.
- For disposal, they dig a hole up to 1 m³ in volume.
- Grass or hay is thrown at the bottom of the pit. Layer thickness up to 10 cm.
- Pour the carrion into the pit in layers. Try not to make thick layers. It is desirable to have no more than 7 ... 8 cm.
- Sprinkle with slaked lime on top. Some gardeners recommend using and quicklime, it will extinguish itself, being in humid environment. The amount is calculated as follows, for 1 kg of fruits and berries you need 10 g of lime.
- Having poured 3 ... 4 layers, weed grass or hay is shifted. Such an arrangement will allow aerobic bacteria to exist in the pit, as well as earthworms, they smell carrion and will gather in the pit. You can also throw two or three dozen worms to activate processing.
- For the winter, the pit is only slightly sprinkled with a layer of up to 5 ... 7 cm of soil. Moisture will collect here, the process of decay will occur faster.
In the recommendations of foreign authors, one can find a proposal to introduce nitrogen fertilizers into such a disposal pit. Fruits and berries contain all the necessary components to obtain high-quality humus in the future. But the addition of ammonium nitrate or urea will not be superfluous, you can add in the amount of 3 ... 5 kg / m³.
By spring, the bulk of the removed carrion will be processed by microorganisms and soil animals, but the resulting humus can only be used a year later, next autumn. In the spring, you can add weeds, which will also turn into humus.
leaf cleaning
After disposal of carrion, attention should be paid to the leaves of fruit trees and shrubs. In autumn, many gardens begin to burn leaves, but when they burn, they poison not only the air. The organic matter accumulated over the summer will turn into ashes (ash). The bulk of the biomass will be lost.
A zealous owner uses fallen leaves to increase soil fertility. To start the process, you need to mix them with the soil. During the residual warm days of autumn and the beginning of winter, the same leaf humus that is used to grow seedlings of vegetable plants will form from them.
- Dig a small trench.
- Water it with a solution of urea or ammonium nitrate.
- Lay down the leaves.
- Sprinkle it with soil.
Process of processing by soil bacteria and animals is started. By spring, instead of leaves, humus will be collected in the trench, which can be used in the technology of growing a variety of plants.
Tree trunk cleaning
A metal brush is used. To get as high as possible, the brush is fixed on a long stick.
Some gardeners make a special brush that is attached to the chuck of an electric drill. With the help of power tools, processing is much faster. The main thing is not to damage the surface of the tree trunk.
Attention! When working with a steel brush with a drill, you only need to lightly touch, do not press, so as not to destroy the epidermis.
Information for gardeners. If damage has occurred, then the wound can be treated. Selling garden var. But you can use a regular wood primer.
The wound is covered with a thin layer. The solvent and binders present in it disinfect the wound and help in healing the damage. Color does not play any role, the main thing is to process within 45 ... 60 minutes.
It is advisable to collect everything that has fallen from the trunk. It is advisable to burn the collected particles, as they retain the eggs of fruit pests.
autumn pruning
The formation of the crown must be performed before treatment with solutions. Anti-aging pruning is carried out at least 1 time in three years. If there are young seedlings, then pruning is done every year.
- First of all, fattening branches (tops) are removed. They are directed above the crown, they do not have stalks. Such branches take a significant amount of nutrition, but there is no increase in productivity from them, and there will not be.
- Then the crown is cleaned of branches that grow incorrectly. They can thicken the crown, which complicates maintenance and makes it difficult to harvest the fruit.
Only after completion of all the above operations, you can proceed to subsequent processing.
Solutions for autumn garden processing
Various preparations are used for spraying shrubs and trees in the garden. Each of them fights certain pests. Along the way, some help to increase the yield in the future.
Fixed assets used for processing skeletal branches and trunks:
- urea, a nitrogen fertilizer that kills insects and arthropods, has a detrimental effect on fungal spores;
- copper sulfate is a versatile fungicide. Pathogenic microflora in the presence of this substance stops development completely;
- ferrous sulfate is an analogue of copper sulfate, but has another selective effect, it destroys a number of mold species that survive when treated with other fungicides;
- Bordeaux liquid is a complex different drugs used for plant protection.
You can use any one tool, but it is more efficient to create a working mixture of several drugs. Then, with a single treatment, a greater effect is achieved.
Urea (urea)
Urea with (NH₂)₂CO contains up to 46% of assimilable nitrogen, which is one of the three most important drugs for all kinds of plants. Solutions with a concentration of 5 ... 7% are used, preparation: 10 liters of water are diluted with 500 ... 70 g of urea.
(NH₂)₂CO burns out fungal spores, as well as insects and caterpillar eggs. In addition to fertilizing the garden, they achieve complete disinfection in the garden.
In addition to the crown, they process trunk circles. In spring, the effect of processing is manifested, shoots grow quite quickly in spring, shrubs and trees quickly dress with foliage.
blue vitriol
CuSO₄ - copper sulphate is used for prevention in the garden and in the garden, as well as for the destruction of putrefactive bacteria. It is detrimental to the pathogenic environment. Treatment with this drug helps to get rid of fungal diseases and dangerous species mold.
In the garden in the fall, they are most often used in the form of a one percent solution; for preparation, 100 g of the substance is diluted in 10 liters.
inkstone
Iron vitriol is an antiseptic that inhibits rot, mold and fungal infections. Along the way, it is a fertilizer that provides plants with iron.
With a lack of iron, the leaves begin to turn yellow, the shoots die off. Fruit trees (pears, apples, cherries and others) need annual fertilizing in the form of iron sulphate. Processing will be useful in the garden, ferrous sulfate Fe₃ (SO₄)₂ is useful for tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes.
To remove lichens and moss, treatment with a five percent solution is needed. 500 g of Fe₃ (SO₄)₂ are diluted in 10 liters of water. Mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.
Bordeaux liquid
Bordeaux liquid is sold in the form of concentrates. It is effective against many pests. The composition includes: copper sulfate and slaked lime. Spraying such a solution is more difficult. Lime is a colloidal solution that has suspended particles. Therefore, the spray is regulated so that clogging of the spray nozzles does not occur.
Preparing the solution and spraying the garden
Garden processing can be done using only one of the components. But gardeners with solid experience offer several schemes for combining different drugs.
Cooking is carried out in a ten-liter container:
- urea is 350 g;
- copper sulfate - 300 g;
- iron sulfate - 200 g.
All components are mixed and thoroughly mixed. When urea dissolves, the temperature of the liquid drops sharply, so it is preheated to 60 ... 65 ° C.
Nitrogen fertilizers are needed to feed garden and ornamental crops. With their help, plants intensively start to grow, acquire large leaves saturated color. This article is all about the application of urea, which improves the growth of green spaces in the city and rural greenhouses. Get to know practically proper feeding plants with urea, you can by watching the video.
Urea: from what and for what?
The first of the synthesized protein compounds is urea. Such scientific name wears urea - a fertilizer for feeding garden and ornamental crops, which is used to accelerate growth. Carbamide belongs to the group of nitrogen fertilizers, it is used in agriculture from the 18th century.
The product is produced by the method of synthesis from inorganic substances, it is a granular mass consisting of rounded milky granules, sometimes translucent. At present, industrial production of carbamide has been established in the form of tablets.
Urea can be purchased in the form of granules
According to the chemical composition, urea consists almost half of pure nitrogen, which dissolves without residue in any liquids, including water.
When applied to the soil, granular urea gradually dissolves in the water that the plants receive when watering. Slowly entering the plants, dissolved urea nourishes the roots long time, gradually, throughout the entire period of cultivation. In the soil, nitrogen changes its chemical composition, from the amide form to the ammonia form, and then to the nitrate form. slow change chemical composition guarantees prolonged nutrition of plants with substances necessary for growth.
Nitrogen starvation is manifested in plants in growth retardation, yellowing of leaves, inhibition of plant development and complete death. The introduction of urea is shown when fruit trees and berry bushes form unnaturally thin and short branches with small discolored leaves. The lack of nitrogen is expressed at the beginning of leaf fall in the summer, when most of the leaves on plants turn yellow in more early term than it should be in nature. In spring, plants with a lack of nitrogen form weak, underdeveloped buds.
It is allowed to feed fruit trees and shrubs with urea, effective fertilizer for strawberries, strawberries, all vegetable crops, including cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, carrots, etc.
Urea - how to apply fertilizer correctly
When fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers, in particular carbamide, several types of plant nutrition should be distinguished:
Pre-sowing treatment– urea granules are applied during spring plowing into the furrows. The depth of embedding urea in the ground is at least 4 cm.
Fertilization
Top dressing with urea during planting events – the best option is the use of the composition in combination with potash fertilizers. At the same time, it is not allowed that the granules are mixed with seeds, it is necessary to provide a layer of soil between granular fertilizer and seed.
Fertilization during growth- most effective method is an foliar top dressing landings. To do this, carbamide is dissolved in water, spraying on the green mass is carried out in the early morning hours or at sunset, in calm weather.
Important! Foliar top dressing with urea is not recommended on days when precipitation is observed.
An aqueous solution of carbamide does not burn the leaves, it is convenient to spray the plants with the help of special pumps. The usual rate for diluting the solution is from 9 to 15 g of carbamide per 10 liters of water, while it matters which plants are planned to be treated - herbaceous plants sprayed with a more gentle composition, trees and shrubs - concentrated. Adult apple and pear trees need top dressing in the ratio of 200 g of dry urea per bucket of water. For cherries, plums and apricots, the consumption of urea will be 120 g / bucket.
Important! One st. a spoon holds 10 g of urea; matchboxes - 13 g; faceted glass - 130 g of urea.
Treatment with urea from pests
Spraying with urea effectively helps in the fight against plant pests. Spraying is carried out in the spring, when a constant average daily temperature of +5 C is established. It is important to carry out the procedure before the awakening of the kidneys, then all pests wintering in the scales and under the bark will be guaranteed to be destroyed.
A solution of urea for pest control is prepared at a concentration of 50 to 70 g per 1 liter of water. Spraying with urea helps to destroy aphids, weevils, copperheads and a host of other pests.
Nitrogen treatment of the garden can be carried out both in autumn and in spring.
In autumn, at the time of the first stage of leaf fall, it is useful to spray trees with urea solution on which traces of infectious diseases are noticed: scab, all types of spotting, rust and others. Trees are treated with a solution along the crown and leaf litter. Such treatment is a very effective remedy for infectious diseases of garden trees, the garden next year will not be affected by infections. Simultaneously with the treatment, the urea solution fertilizes the plants.
Pros and cons of feeding plants with urea
The positive properties of urea are:
- When fertilized with carbamide, plants easily absorb nitrogen, which has a positive effect on their growth and the growth of green mass.
- Treatment with a solution of plant fertilizer on the leaves does not cause burns of the leaf blade, this foliar top dressing is an effective and gentle remedy that, along with plant fertilizer, can effectively fight pests in the garden and vegetable garden, as well as pathogenic infections.
- The urea solution is quickly assimilated by plants sensitive to elevated soil PH values.
- Excellent results were noted when fertilizing plants with urea in irrigated areas, as well as when applying under crops grown when filling beds with water.
It is very important to observe the dosage when fertilizing
- Guaranteed increase in yield in the garden or in the garden when feeding plants with urea.
- Ease and simplicity in foliar treatment of plants and the introduction of urea into the soil.
- Availability of fertilizer at a price and the possibility of acquisition.
The disadvantages of feeding with urea are the following aspects:
- A strong concentration of fertilizer when applied to the soil when sowing seeds can affect the reduction in seed germination and delay their germination.
- Urea requires careful storage.
- The use of urea in a mixture with phosphate fertilizers is possible only when mixing absolutely dry substances, hyperacidity from the effects of mixed top dressing must be neutralized by introducing chalk into the soil.
Advice! It is necessary to store granulated urea in a dry place, otherwise the fertilizer absorbs moisture strongly and turns into lumps.
The size of the harvest depends on each gardener. Timely and competent application of fertilizing is able to ensure soil fertility and the full return of garden and horticultural crops on timely received nutrients.
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Spraying the garden with urea: video