Which brick is the best. Brick: material of manufacture. Clinker brick

Recommendations on which brick is better to use in the manufacture of precast tape or from small-format materials are given in SP 15.13330 of 2012. Masonry is allowed from ordinary red, facing solid ceramic bricks with a width of 51 cm or more concrete blocks measuring 20 x 20 x 40 cm.With an unlimited budget, you can choose a clinker stone with the highest possible moisture resistance. For the basement part of the foundation, the requirements are much lower than for underground structures.

Despite the variety of wall materials used for masonry, only red ceramic bricks and wall concrete blocks can be used in foundations. Foundation ceramics are classified according to the following criteria:

• dimensions - normal format (NF) 6.5 x 12 x 25 cm, double (2.1 NF) 14 x 12 x 25 cm, one and a half (1.4 NF) 88 x 12 x 25 cm;
• appointment - front, private;
• frost resistance - F25, F35, F50.

Moreover, manufacturers guarantee the specified values ​​of frost resistance only for the basement part of the foundation masonry. Structures used underground have a minimum resource (one and a half times less than reinforced concrete). It is forbidden to operate brick strip foundations at a high (less than 1 m from the bottom) groundwater level (GWL) or the possibility of its seasonal rise.

Corpulent ceramic brick- the most optimal choice.

The characteristics of a solid concrete block are different. The strength of concrete is twice as high, frost resistance is F15 - F50, the format is much larger. Each block replaces 8 bricks, the laying is done faster. The dimensions allow you to carry out masonry with a width of 40 or 60 cm without pinning.In the first case, you can save the construction budget. The second option is more often used for deep belts, in which the walls of the underground floor experience severe lateral loads.

Attention! There are bricks measuring 6.5 x 8.5 x 25 cm (0.7 NF), made in Europe, single modules (1.3 NF) 6.5 x 13.8 x 28.8 cm, "three-quarters" 18 cm , "Halves" 12 cm, "quarters" 6 cm.

For underground structures

The main criteria when deciding which brick is better to use for underground masonry are:

• strength - standardized only for grades M100 - M300 (2.2 - 4.4 MPa, respectively);
• water absorption - 6 - 14%;
• roughness - relevant in the manufacture of external waterproofing masonry.

An ordinary stone is cheaper than a facing one; to reduce the construction budget, it is better to choose this particular option. The size of the red brick affects solely the pace of construction of the foundation masonry. Therefore, the format is not important.

When choosing a concrete block, the construction time of the foundation is reduced due to the large dimensions in comparison with even a double stone. The disadvantages of brick foundation technology are:

• the spatial rigidity of the prefabricated structure is by default lower than that of the monolith;
• when waterproofing the outer edges of the tape, pillars, it is very difficult to ensure the tightness of numerous mortar joints.

Therefore, prefabricated columnar, strip foundations are often shallow or shallow. This is possible only on rocky, sandy or gravelly soils.

For plinth

With normal horizontal waterproofing of the foundation 2 - 3 layers roll material the bearing part of the basement can be made of porous bricks. Any materials are allowed in the facing layer, for example: silicate, hyper-pressed bricks, crevice, hollow ceramics.

When deciding which brick is better to use, it is necessary to take into account:

• the basement is an independent supporting structure;
• distributes uneven loads from solid walls.

Therefore, it is still better to use solid concrete wall blocks or a solid ceramic stone. Commonly used standard sizes NF or one and a half, double brick to increase the performance of the masonry.

Protect concrete blocks, brickwork getting wet in the basement is much easier. It is enough to coat the surface with bituminous mastic, decorate the basement with siding.

What to look for when buying

When choosing a brick for the foundation, you must pay attention to the accompanying documentation. The grade of the stone should be higher than M150, frost resistance from F25, geometric dimensions should be in accordance with GOST.

During transportation, unloading and storage, edges often break off, which is not a significant defect. In most cases, plaster waterproofing is used for brick foundations. Irregularities will only increase the adhesion of the protective layer.

When tapping on a ceramic metal object, the brick should have a distinct ringing sound rather than a stifled deaf. The ringing indicates the quality of the raw materials used, the correctness of the firing technology, the absence of microcracks and voids.

Styling nuances

To increase the reliability of a brick foundation, several conditions must be met:

• whole brick - the masonry must be carefully tied up by displacing the vertical seams in adjacent rows, therefore, it is necessary to select a whole brick, transport it carefully, store it in a building spot, move it at the facility;
• reinforcement - in each 4th row, the dressing of spoons / poke is required, the use of a masonry wire mesh with a cell of 2 x 2 - 5 x 5 cm;
• wetting - it is recommended to lower the brick into a bucket of water at the time of laying it on the bed from the solution;
• additives to the solution - the penetrating mixture will ensure the moisture resistance of the seams;
• foundation - unlike monolithic structures, brick masonry is sensitive to unevenness of the base, the underlying layer of non-metallic materials, it is recommended to pour 5 cm of the screed twice as wide more size strip or columnar foundation.

Advice! The brick breaks easily in any direction, so you don't need to buy ¾, halves, ¼, which are more expensive. It is wiser to use an ordinary, and not a face stone, which is not visible underground.

Thus, brick foundation cannot compete with monolithic reinforced concrete structures in terms of service life and spatial rigidity. However, this option will save budget and construction time. He does not need to gain strength for 28 days, the walls can be erected in a week.

Advice! If you need contractors, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just submit in the form below detailed description works that need to be completed and offers with prices from construction crews and firms. You can see reviews of each of them and photos with examples of work. It is FREE and non-binding.

Sand-lime and ceramic bricks are long-standing competitors in the construction industry. Both of them have a special set of properties and qualities that can make the future construction practical and durable.

Every year, it becomes more and more difficult to make a choice: manufacturers are modernizing technologies and equipment, improving the characteristics of products in order to distinguish them from the rest. In this article, we will try to find out after all: which is better - silicate or ceramic bricks?

Overview of the main characteristics of materials

It is worth starting with a consideration of the basic qualities of the material, because they are usually the decisive arguments in favor of certain products. So, which brick is better: silicate or ceramic? We understand the properties.

Composition and properties of silicate bricks

Sand-lime brick is made from a mixture of lime, water and sand. Moreover, the latter in its composition - most of all in percentage... Also, the composition may contain ash, slag and other components similar in properties and purpose.

The characteristics of future products are in direct proportion to the composition and proportions of the mixture of materials, their indicators can either decrease or increase. Let's look at the average indicators of the qualities of silicate bricks using the table.

Table 1. Technical, physical and operational properties of silicate products:

The main indicators of the qualities of ceramic bricks

Ceramic brick has not lost its popularity for decades, and it is well deserved. Let's make sure of this and consider a table that reflects the main characteristics of the material.

Table 2. Characteristics of ceramic bricks:

The above indicators are indicative, since the exact values ​​depend directly on the type of products, which can be characterized by different numerical values ​​of properties. Now we will consider them.

Product classification

In order to understand which is better: sand-lime brick or ceramic, it is worthwhile to thoroughly consider the possible range of products and the specifics of the use of materials. We will start with silicate products.

Types of silicate bricks and their scope

Depending on the size, sand-lime brick is:

• Single;
• One and a half;
• Double.

Single has a size of 250 * 120 * 65, one and a half has a height of 88 mm, and a double has a height of 138 mm. Structurally, products can be solid and hollow.

Solid bricks are stronger, denser and heavier:

• It has a high thermal conductivity coefficient.
• It can withstand significant loads.
• It is used for the construction of walls, partitions and other structures of buildings and structures.

Hollow - on the contrary: it is lighter in weight, less durable, its ability to retain heat is increased.

Such products may have voids. of various shapes and in different quantities. Standard options are as follows:

• 3 hollow bricks;
• 11 hollow bricks;
• 14 hollow bricks.

The first option is characterized by a voidness of 28-30%, the second - 20-25%, and the third - about 15%.

Note! GOST dictated the requirement for the nature of the voidness of the products: they should not be through.

Also, the technical documentation allows the manufacture of products with other voids as agreed with the consumer. Depending on the purpose, sand-lime brick can be: ordinary and front.

Ordinary products are used for the main masonry, they need subsequent finishing. The requirements for them are not so high. Their surface may have roughness, and the corners may have small chips.

Facial, or facing brick must have high external characteristics. Their surface can be smooth or textured.

According to GOST, there should be two decorative sides - a spoon and a butt side, however, again, by agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to produce products with one decorative side. If we talk about color solution products, then you can distinguish painted and unpainted brick. The latter is white or slightly grayish in color.

Tinted products can have almost any shade. The content and proportions of components in the manufacture of sand-lime bricks can be slightly adjusted.

Depending on the availability of certain components, products can be:

• Lime-sand, containing lime and sand;
• Lime-ash, characterized by ash and lime content;
• Lime-slag containing lime and slag.

If we talk about the scope of the material, then it is wide enough:

• During the construction of buildings and structures;
• When building ventilation ducts;
• When building fences, partitions and other structures.

Varieties of ceramic bricks and their use in construction

Ceramic brick has a fairly extensive classification. Each of them is based on a specific characteristic. Consider, using the table, what product options brick manufacturers can offer.

Table 3. Classifications of ceramic bricks:

Facing ceramic brick

It is worth noting that ceramic bricks have profile products in their assortment, which significantly expand the architectural possibilities in the construction of buildings.

And now it will be appropriate to compare the indicators of the quality of products different types... Let's use the table.

Table 4. Characteristics of different types of ceramic bricks:

Strengths and weaknesses of both materials

Since we have already examined the indicators, let's analyze what advantages and disadvantages both materials have and find out: which is better - silicate or ceramic bricks? Which of the products are most vulnerable?

Pros and cons of silicate products

Silicate brick has a number of positive characteristics... The pluses include:

1. A sufficiently high index of frost resistance indicates the practicality and high performance of the material;
2. Indicators of density and strength allow to erect not only small, but also multi-storey buildings using these products;
3. The wide scope of application of the material indicates its partial versatility;
4. The composition determines environmental friendliness and, accordingly, safety for the environment;
5. Fire resistance is a definite plus, products can also withstand elevated temperatures, which is also important;
6. The ratio of density and coefficient of thermal conductivity is quite acceptable;
7. Low price;
8. The ability to do the masonry with your own hands. In this case, you will need instructions and a minimum set of materials and tools;
9. The sound insulation indicator will be able to make the stay in the room comfortable, protecting those in it from extraneous noise;
10. A variety of manufacturers, types and shades of products allow each developer to choose the right option for themselves;
11. It is also worth noting the high aesthetic qualities and good geometry of the brick.

The main disadvantages are as follows:

1. Hygroscopicity of bricks. Products absorb moisture quite intensively, therefore they need additional protection from its impact, since the consequences can be very unpleasant;
2. Large weight of products. If we compare silicate bricks, for example, with masonry made of foam or aerated blocks, then the load on the foundation, when constructing a building using silicate bricks, will be much higher;
3. Reduced construction speed due to small size products;
4. Absence decorative elements in the range of products;
5. Silicate bricks are not recommended for use in the construction of objects that are characterized by constant high humidity... For example: a bathhouse or a sauna, as well as the foundations of buildings.

Advantages and disadvantages of ceramic products

Ceramic brick has the following positive characteristics:

1. First of all, it is worth noting the durability of the products and the high performance characteristics... In many ways, these qualities have determined the particular popularity of the material, which only grows over the years due to the constant improvement of technology and equipment for production.
2. A variety of choices. The market provides an opportunity to purchase products different types and driving. This applies to shape, size, structure and color.
3. As with silicate brick, if we compare the thermal conductivity coefficient with the density index, then given fact is undoubtedly a plus.