As soon as this flower is not called. Moth, tricolor, scrofula, ivan-da-marya, viola - the list of "names" is quite extensive. This is largely due to the fact that, in terms of the variety of varieties, the color range of petals, it is difficult to find equals for pansies. And since they do not belong to the category of sissies, it will not be difficult to breed them on the site. Of course, if you know some of the nuances of landing pansies v open ground and caring for this flower.
The classification of pansies is complex (there are about 300 - 15 groups of varieties alone), and they all differ in the height of the bush, the size of the buds, color, configuration of the edges of the petals and a number of other features. Since we are talking about planting and growing in the open field, it must be borne in mind that not all representatives of this plant have the same endurance.
Experts recommend for placement in flower beds (lawns, alpine coaster and so on, that is, in the open air) focus on specimens that give small flowers. They are more adapted to such vagaries of the weather as changes in humidity and temperature. In addition, they adapt better in regions characterized by a cold climate. This is especially important for us.
It is advisable to consult with an experienced person before choosing a variety of pansies for planting on your site. It is rather difficult to take into account all local peculiarities on your own. Definitely - competent, competent advice will not be superfluous.
Recommendation - if there is no experience in growing pansies, then you should first of all pay attention to the varieties of Wittrock violets and tricolors. They feel great on plots in almost all of our regions (that is, they are well adapted to both the climate and the characteristics of the soil).
When determining them, the following factors are taken into account:
- climate features. This primarily determines when you can plant the seeds (or seedlings) of pansies on the site (in the soil);
- a kind of viola (one or two years old);
- as it will be - seedlings or seeds.
What to focus on? The period between placing seeds in the ground and flowering pansies is on average 80 - 90 days.
- If pansies are planned to be grown in a 2-year-old form, then planting is done directly on the site, by seeds. As a rule, this is done in the second half of summer (in July - early August). Already in the fall, you can either collect planting material for the next season, or leave the bushes for the winter in the open field. Consequently, flowers will appear in early spring.
- When growing seedlings at home, planting seeds in containers is done in late winter - early spring. As already indicated, taking into account the peculiarities of the local climate.
Choosing a place for planting
Pansies are really undemanding. But, when deciding on a specific site for their planting, two points must be taken into account.
- Viole only needs sufficient light. In principle, it can grow in shaded segments of the territory, but in this case its color fades, the flowering period is significantly reduced, and the buds become smaller. The latter is especially important if a variety of pansies with small flowers are selected for breeding. They will become even smaller, and therefore you will have to make a denser planting.
- The soil is only fertile, well moisturized. Sandy soils (water is poorly retained), rocky for growing pansies is not an option. But what if there is predominantly such land on the site? The only way out is to remove a part of the top layer of soil at the viola planting site and pour in imported (purchased, prepared) nutritious soil mixture.
Planting pansies
For seedlings
It is better to grow it yourself, at home. Firstly, it is not yet known how the purchased bushes will manifest themselves. Secondly, why spend money if, unlike a number of flowers, pansies are undemanding in terms of creating some special conditions... They do not need, for example, lighting, like many other plants.
Soil preparation
There is a soil on sale, which is called so - for violets. Another landing option is in peat tablets placed in plastic cups. But if it is planned to breed pansies in large quantities on the site, then such techniques will require significant costs.
It is best to prepare the soil for the pansies yourself. Even in the fall, experienced gardeners stock up on the required amount leafy land (from forest belts) and compost. The mixture is made up at a rate of 1 to 1.
As options:
- Land from the site and humus. If necessary, with the addition of organic fertilizers.
- Sod, peat, humus - 1 part, coarse sand - 0.5.
Planting pansy seeds
Practiced 2 uncomplicated ways, because then you still have to make a pick.
- The seeds are scattered over the soil surface.
- Grooves are made in the ground (in the case of boxes) or holes (in relation to containers with compartments or flowerpots).
The container with seeds is covered with glass (film) to create a greenhouse effect and placed in a dark place with a temperature of +22 (± 2) ºС.
Seedling care
Before germination:
- Ventilate the container daily. The film rises slightly (glass moves). Otherwise, mold may develop on the soil.
- Watering. Its expediency is evidenced by the amount of condensate on the material of the shelter. If there is a lot of it, then additional irrigation is not worth doing. Drops falling to the ground moisturize it. But if there are few of them, then you need to water the "plot".
After germination:
- Containers with shoots are exposed closer to the light, on the windowsills.
- Air procedures are carried out regularly. Their meaning is that young seedlings must get used to natural conditions. Depending on the weather and temperature in the room, the vents are first opened, and with a gradual increase in the time of the fresh air flow. Accordingly, the cover on the boxes is wrapped (shifted).
- After about a week, the seedlings of pansies will become so strong that the glass (film) can be removed from the container. As soon as the temperature on the street is not lower than +10, the boxes are taken out to the balcony (loggia) and left for 15, 45 minutes and so on, with increasing time.
- The appearance of a pair of leaves is a signal to start a pick. The meaning of this event is to plant the shoots of pansies, otherwise they will interfere with each other in their development. You can place the sprouts in separate plastic cups, or thin out an artificial bed. As a rule, not all pansy seeds produce equally vigorous shoots. Consequently, when picking, you can remove (utilize) the weakest shoots, thereby making room for the normal development of the rest.
Feature - the shoots that are left should be deepened into the soil. This will protect the lower part of the stem from damage and will enable the root system to develop more intensively.
To make the pansies bush better, they are pinched. But only when at least 6 leaves grow. The technology is simple - the top is cut off, thereby initiating the development of lateral shoots.
Seed in open ground
This technique is mainly practiced in garden plots. It's unlikely to buy seedlings annually (and spend money) good decision, if the seeds are easy at the end of the season to collect and store in the winter until the next.
How to plant:
- Depending on the scheme for growing pansies, grooves are drawn in the ground or holes are made. Depth - no more than 10 mm. In practice, gardeners pierce the earth with their finger, and this is quite enough.
- The interval between seeds is of the order of 10 - 15 cm. Here you need to take into account the peculiarities of the development of a particular variety. First of all, how much he “bushes”. To exclude the appearance of "bald spots" on the flowerbed (lawn), it is necessary to load them at each "point" in 2 - 3 pieces. In this case, there is a guarantee that at least one seed will germinate for sure.
- The planting material is covered with soil. But only slightly to cover it up a bit.
- Plot irrigation. It is recommended to do this by drip. For example, from a garden watering can. It is pointless to use a hose - the pressure of water will easily wash the seeds out of the soil and spread them across the territory.
On average, after 3 - 4 weeks, the first shoots appear.
Recommendation - if the place for planting pansies is well lit, then it is advisable to cover the garden with mulch. Viola loves moist soil, and this prudence will prevent water from evaporating and drying out the soil.
Outdoor care for pansies
- Watering. He should be moderate. Waterlogging, as well as drying out the soil, will have a detrimental effect on pansies. In order not to be mistaken, you should check the soil with your finger. If upper layer slightly wet, then this is enough for normal viola flowering.
- Top dressing. The first time it is made no earlier than half a month after planting the pansies. This is the rooting period of the seedlings. When grown by seeds, fertilizers are applied under already sufficiently developed bushes, since the soil is fed before placing seeds in it, by definition. Suitable for viola store drug"Kemira" (or similar in composition). It is diluted in water and introduced into the soil during irrigation.
- Loosening the earth. It is necessary to ensure that the access of air to the roots of the pansies is free. If a crust has formed on the ground, then the flower bed should be loosened, that's all - the usual procedure for any vegetation.
- Removal of wilted flowers. This encourages the emergence of new buds. Accordingly, the territory will be beautifully decorated throughout the season, until late autumn.
Preparing the soil for pansies is easy. But whether it is worth planting seeds in it is an interesting question. Where is the guarantee that the prepared mixture does not contain pest larvae, infections and the like. This fully applies to store-bought soils. Unfortunately, bagged soil does not always meet all the requirements. There is only one conclusion - the soil must be disinfected before planting pansies seeds.
There are a lot of ways, but at home, three are mainly practiced:
- Steam bath. Soil is loaded into the container and installed in a basin, into which a pair of bricks (as an option) are laid and water is poured. All this is kept on an open fire (after boiling) for about ¾ hour.
- Spilling the soil with mortar. The easiest way is manganese, 5%. Its saturation is determined by its hue - the water should turn dark red. The container is selected depending on the amount of soil, but always with holes in the bottom. Alternatively, a colander. True, it will take a lot of time to disinfect (with a large volume of soil) in such dishes.
- Disinfection in the microwave. The soil is placed in glass jar with plastic cover... The processing time is a couple of minutes. Repeat if necessary. But this method is convenient only with small amounts of soil.
On a note! Regardless of the method for disinfecting the soil, you cannot immediately plant seeds in it. It takes time for beneficial microorganisms to appear and multiply in the soil. Excerpt - at least 2 weeks. And only then can you start planting.
Pansy bushes are often left in the open field for the winter (with a two-year cultivation form). In this case, it is necessary to ensure the insulation of the flower bed. Depending on the region - spruce branches, mats, using a prefabricated structure. This is a separate topic, but worth mentioning.
In principle, there is nothing particularly difficult in planting pansies and in caring for them. If you choose the right varieties of viola, do not overfill the earth and do not allow direct sunlight to fall on the flower bed long time, then the territory will be decorated with beautiful flowers until late autumn.
Good luck, novice gardeners!
Pansies are one of the very first spring flowers that delight with bright and chic flowering after a long winter. This interesting name is preceded by an old legend.
A very beautiful and devoted girl, whose name was Anyuta, accompanied her betrothed to the war, to defend his native land. The dear did not return, and the girl, not having survived such grief, turned into luxurious flower with the same beautiful eyes as the unfortunate one.
Types of Pansies
Violet Wittrock can bloom in the garden for several years. It grows from fifteen to thirty centimeters in height and is characterized by a straight stem and a fibrous root system.
The leaves are collected in a rosette at the roots or bloom on the stem in turn. Large flowers emerge from the axils of the leaves. Flowers are wavy, plain, double or corrugated. They can be solid or multi-colored.
Perennial horned violet is grown in flower beds for years... It does not lose its decorative properties. However, it depends on the variety whether the horned violet can survive the winter cold. Viola ampelous is an annual plant that reaches a height of twenty centimeters. The plant dissolves small flowers of various shades. The ampelous pansies bloom from the spring months to the onset of cold weather. This variety is widely used in landscaping to decorate plots. 
Violet tricolor refers to early flowering species. She has won a special favor among gardeners. The tricolor viola is planted in different time and this does not affect flowering.
The flower reaches a height of twenty to twenty-five centimeters. It is assembled from five monochromatic or mixed petals.
The tricolor violet is famous for medicinal properties... It fights inflammation, has a diuretic and expectorant effect. This flower is widely used in folk medicine.
Viola Williams is a perennial variety, but it is generally grown for no longer than two years. It grows as a shrub and grows up to twenty centimeters. Plants are often planted closely to create a vibrant, vibrant carpet. Flowers are characterized by delicate blue tint and small size.
Viola Sororia blooms early: flowers appear in May. It is a lush shrub with abundant flowering. Heart-shaped leaves are located at the roots. Florists especially love this variety for its abundant self-seeding.
Viola fragrant is widespread in the west of Russia. It belongs to perennial crops. The plant has been grown for about five hundred years. It is distinguished by almost round leaves and flowers of various shades: snow-white, red, purple. This variety is often used for garden decoration. 
We approach the choice of varieties responsibly!
There are a huge number of varieties and varieties. In addition, breeders continue to work. New bright and unusual options appear regularly. To choose suitable grade, you need to decide on the purpose of growing. If you plan to grow in pots or containers, the Vittrock violet is for you. This hybrid has larger flowers and is better adapted to indoor conditions. For open ground, choose a viola. For those looking to get their own seed, it is best to avoid first-order (F1) hybrids. Plants grown from varietal seeds will produce more predictable offspring. Although hybrids have great decorative properties.
So, you have decided which variety suits you best. The only thing left is to choose the color, size and shape. Violet flowers are based on white, yellow, blue and purple colors. Plants differ in the shape and size of the flower, the size of the bush, and the timing of flowering. The nature of the color can also change: some varieties have "lost" the spot, having received dashes and strokes of a darker color on the petals. Depending on the combination of these properties, the plants are divided into series. Among the most popular are Chalon Supreme, which features corrugated petals, Cats, with dark touches on a lighter base. The Fancy series is represented by varieties with huge flowers of bright red shades. There are many series, which are constantly updated with new varieties.
Pansy flower plant description
This perennial crop (although we habitually grow it as an annual) also has several more names - these are violets and viola.
An ornamental plant has been quite popular for quite a long time and today the varieties of pansies reach several hundred, and the types of culture - up to four hundred.
There are large-flowered and multi-flowered, gigantic, semi-double and terry, single, potted, ampelous, vat species of pansies.
The plant is not tall, reaching a height of up to 40 centimeters. The color of the buds is very diverse, like the size and shape of the leaves.
With proper flower care and in good weather, the plant develops quite quickly and is capable of blooming already in the first autumn after sowing.
Most often these are those varieties in which the diameter of the buds is about seven centimeters and usually with a monochromatic color of the buds. Viola blooms depending on the time of sowing seeds and lasts a long time - literally all summer.
Pansies growing from seeds
On average, sowing in open ground is carried out in June-July. But don't expect the plants to bloom this year. It will bloom only next early spring. 
The seeds are sown in rows in a special bed with prepared soil. After germination, they are transplanted with pinching of the central root by 1/3. Thanks to this dive, the roots will form better.
Then they land on a permanent place within a radius of 25 centimeters from each other. During the summer, the plant will multiply well, but will not bloom.
When to plant pansies
Pansies can be grown not only on the plot, but also at home on the usual windowsill, and in the summer on the balcony. For any seedlings best time- Spring. But for pansies, this is not a deadline. Depending on when the seeds are sown, get either an annual or perennial.
If you want to get early and abundant flowering, then choose early spring for planting (late February - early March). And, if you start planting in July (in its second half), then you will see flowering in the next season. 
It is in the second half of July, not earlier and not later. If earlier, then by autumn the plant can bloom, then the pansies are unlikely to survive the winter. And if you plant later (for example, in August), then the seedlings will not have time to get stronger by winter.
Seedlings, which have been growing since February, are transplanted into the ground in May, after the main frosts have passed.
In July, sow seeds directly into the ground. In 14 days, shoots will appear. After the formation of 2-3 leaves, make a dive, with the transplant of sprouts immediately to a permanent place. Observe the interval: about 20 by 20 cm. In order to accelerate the germination of seeds, cover the seedbed (or container) with a film. But remember to clean it up from time to time to keep the soil moist.
Planting dates for pansies
If you want to see a pansy flower in April next year, you need to sow the seeds in early June this year. If the seeds are sown in the first month of autumn, they will bloom in May. Seeds sown in March will delight you with flowering at the end of this summer.
Some novice flower growers wonder how to plant pansies on seedlings and do not know where to start. Sowing pansies for seedlings is best done in July, then in March the seedlings will be strong, with 5-6 leaves and a rather powerful bush.
In the boxes you need to make drainage holes, cover with polyethylene, lay a layer of acacia leaves from last year (after rubbing them through a fine strainer), moisten the leaves abundantly on top and sow seeds, sprinkle with water from a spray bottle.
In general, you can start sowing seeds in February or March, it is possible much later, it all depends on when you want to enjoy the flowering of pansies.
How to plant pansies on seedlings
Sow the seeds into moist seedling soil, sprinkle them with a thin layer of vermiculite or sand - the seeds of pansies do not germinate in the light. 
Until shoots appear (as a rule, this happens after about a week), moisten the soil, but not too much. If possible, water through the drip tray. To retain moisture, you can cover the box with a film, just do not forget to provide ventilation, otherwise the cold-loving pansies under the film will simply weld.
As soon as the seeds germinate, place the box in a place where it is light, cool - so that the seedlings do not grow too long, skinny. For this purpose, a cold greenhouse or a sheltered bed is perfect: there is a lot of light and a suitable temperature of 13-16 ° C.
If you are sprouting seeds at home under a fluorescent light, choose a cooler spot and place the box next to the light source (no closer than 5 cm). After a month, transplant the seedlings into pots. As soon as the air temperature reaches + 5 ° C, take the pots outside during the day.
When the plants are 10-11 weeks old, start hardening, which will help them adapt more easily after planting in the ground. A protected bed is also suitable for this purpose. If severe frosts are expected, cover the seedlings with a thin layer of straw or covering material.
Fresh articles about garden and vegetable garden
Choosing a place and soil for planting pansies
How to plant pansies so that the plant thrives and blooms profusely? First, you need to choose a good place to land.
Pansies are a light-loving culture, but it grows well in a slightly darkened area, on its northern side, so that this corner is illuminated for several hours a day. 
The soil for the viola needs fertile, loose soil with the introduction of organic matter. Then you need to loosen the soil, moisten it and plant pansies in a row, you can use a beautiful pattern.
Pansies - plant care. The most important rule care of the crop is watering it. In no case should the plant be poured, but water only as the earth dries up.
In winter, watering should be minimized, since excessive moisture leads to a disease with downy mildew. With overflow and lack of light, most often the roots do not develop, and the culture begins to rot.
If this happens, you need to loosen the ground, wait until it dries slightly, pour it with a diluted composition of penkoceb and water, in a proportion of 1 tbsp. 10 liters.
It is recommended for the prevention of such a disease, every two weeks to treat pansies with special preparations (for example, topsin and allet), each time treating them alternately so as not to cause addiction to the culture.
Of course, you need to weed the crop, loosen the soil and feed it with liquid fertilizer. The flower tolerates a transplant quite well, and you can even do this in a flowering state.
The most common of the large-flowered varieties are pansies with spots on the petals and with corrugated petals, and from the gigantic ones - Trimarda, Doctor Faust, Adonis, Rogli, Cardinal.
Such a flowering plant as pansies decorate flower beds, rocky hills, balconies, they are planted in hanging planters or in flower pots. Since the culture is not tall, flowers of the same height should be planted next to it.
Pansies care
For abundant and long-term flowering, one condition is required - regular watering. Flowers do not tolerate drought.
Top dressing is applied every 10 days, starting from the 10th day after planting. Fertilizers "Kemira" or nitrophoska are used, alternating with a solution bird droppings or mullein. Fresh manure must not be used!
The faded pansies are cut off, leaving shoots up to 5 cm long above the ground, so that in 2-3 weeks new shoots will form, and the next wave of flowering begins.
Pansies give self-seeding, so if you do not remove the set seed pods in a timely manner, they can crack, crumble and even shoot when they dry, finding themselves in an unexpected and possibly unnecessary place.
For the winter, pansies must be covered with mulch. It protects the roots from temperature variability in early spring. The layer of mulch should not completely cover the flowers, so that they do not "suffocate" in the spring. To protect against frost, make snow retention.
Collect the seeds of the pansies when the seed pods turn pale. Seed germination lasts 3 years.
Fertilization
They feed pansies every 30 days, use superphosphate or ammonium nitrate. You can also use complex fertilizers, which are rich in potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and other useful microelements.
Watering pansies
It can dry out with the onset of hot days root system due to its proximity to the top layer of the soil. To avoid this, the viola must be watered regularly, but without fanaticism. Excess moisture, as already mentioned above, will not please the plant, besides, root rotting begins. With average temperature indicators watering is carried out up to three times a week, but when the heat comes, the flowers can be watered daily. 
Features of reproduction of pansies by seeds
Seeds when sown directly on the ground;
In a vegetative way (by dividing the stem);
Seeds with preliminary preparation of seedlings.
Sowing seeds in greenhouse conditions is the simplest and most effective way of breeding pansies in our climate. It can be roughly divided into two stages: germination of flowers in greenhouse conditions and the subsequent planting of seedlings on the ground. Each of these stages has its own characteristics, which will be discussed below.
Pansies from the Violet family represent an early flowering plant, known to many since childhood. In scientific literature, this short flower up to 30 cm in height is called viola.
In the wild, viols amusing passers-by with colorful flowers have about 500 species.
Among them, the most popular in culture are:
- Viola tricolor is a wild one- or two-year-old herb, which is popularly called wild pansies. Compact bushes are represented by rosette rounded leaf plates and flowers of white, blue, purple, yellow tones, forming on elongated peduncles. Flowering occurs from mid-spring to early autumn.
- Viola horned is a perennial garden form of a violet that does not lose decorative qualities over a long period of time. Species varieties are distinguished by good winter hardiness. Flowers with different colors, pleasing to the eye from mid-spring to autumn frosts, have a fairly large diameter up to 5 cm and a pleasant aroma. Due to the slight cross-pollination with other violets, which can threaten with the loss of varietal traits, the species should not be planted next to the tricolor viola or Vittrock's viola. Notable varieties: Alba, Boughton Blue, Columbine, Hansa.
- Viola Wittroca is the most common hybrid that can be easily purchased at a flower shop. He is garden form pansies. A bush of this type of viola is formed from erect shoots up to 30 cm high, covered with oval leaves with jagged edges. Irregular shape flowers with a diameter of up to 11 cm are painted in various, rarely monochromatic, colors with strokes and specks. Some of the series deserve special attention: "Swiss Giants", "Bambini", "Rococo".
- Viola Sororia - bush type with early flowering in April-May. Flowers of small diameter rise above the heart-shaped leaf plates. Popular varieties: Ruba, Albiflora, Freeckles.
- Viola Altai is a perennial up to 20 cm in height with flowers, the petals of which are painted blue or white with blue stripes, shaded with a bright yellow speck. A frost-resistant variety that can bloom from mid-spring to the very frost.
- Viola Williams is a brightly blooming hybrid with small-diameter flowers that lack a characteristic "face". In culture, the plant is represented by both bush and ampel forms, which are often used in hanging pots or in flowerpots on the balcony. Famous varieties: "Pearl Falls", " Sparkler"," Amber Kiss "," Frose Chocolate ".
Growing flower seedlings from seeds
For the florist to witness the early and abundant flowering, in regions with a temperate climate, preference should be given seedling method growing pansies.
Sowing quality seeds purchased at specialized points is carried out at the end of winter as follows:
- The seeds are soaked for half an hour in a fungicide solution for disinfection, and then for several hours in a growth stimulator.
- The seedling box is filled with pre-calcined leafy soil and rotted compost.
- The seed is spread over the moistened surface of the soil mixture.
- The container is covered with foil and moved to a warm, shaded place.
- 2 weeks after the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings gradually begin to accustom themselves to life without a film.
- A week later protective film removed completely.
- When 3 true leaves are formed, the seedlings dive into a separate bowl, where they are grown before planting in open ground.
Planting viola in open ground
To ensure the abundant and long-lasting flowering of the viola, it is necessary to responsibly approach all the nuances. planting works, paying attention to the choice of location and soil.
Planting time
Planting hardened seedlings in open ground, as a rule, is carried out in the second half of May, when the threat of recurrent frosts has passed.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
Pansies can grow in both sunny and shady areas. However, the "sweet spot" will be a well-lit area with light shading, which will ensure the brightness of flowers and a long flowering period. Cute bushes with cheerful "muzzles" develop well on fertile, light soils with a loose structure. Before planting, the soil in the selected area is dug up with the simultaneous introduction of peat, humus and sand, which will help to ensure all the required indicators of the soil composition.
Important! Poor soils can cause a loss of decorativeness of the plant, which is manifested by fading, shrinking flowers and is especially important for varietal hybrids.
Landing technology
Planting flowers in open ground is carried out according to the standard scheme:
- In the prepared area, holes are dug, taking into account the root system of the seedlings and a distance of 10 cm from each other.
- A bag of sand is added to each depression, which acts as a drainage.
- Then pansy bushes are placed on it and sprinkled with earth.
- The plants are watered and the soil around them is mulched.
Pansies: outdoor care
Pansy flowers are unpretentious and it is a pleasure to take care of them.
Correct watering schedule
A moisture-loving plant does not tolerate stagnant water, so it is necessary to establish the correct watering schedule. In the summer heat, for the viola root system, which is located in the arable layer (up to 20 cm), it will be enough to receive a small portion of water at intervals of a day.
Attention! Moisture deficiency negatively affects the decorative state of the culture: shoots disintegrate along the ground to retain moisture on the surface of the leaf plates, and the flowers turn pale.
How to care for the soil?
So that the soil retains a loose structure that provides Free access air to the roots, after frequent water treatments it is required to loosen it slightly, breaking the upper, airtight crust. Also, to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture, you can cover the soil around the bushes with a layer of mulch from peat or sawdust.
Fertilizing and fertilizing flowers
Since pansies prefer fertile soils, they also respond perfectly to systematic feeding.
Additional nutrition is provided by both root and foliar method:
- At the beginning of the growing season, the plants are fed with complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen.
- To prolong the abundant flowering, superphosphate is applied under the bushes, which can also be added during soil preparation.
Carefully! You can not use manure as fertilizer for viola, which does not like the increased fat content of the soil.
Wintering Pansies
Winter with little snow, typical for risky farming zones in Middle lane, a relatively winter-hardy culture is not always able to survive without assistance.
To cultivate pansies as a perennial, you must:
- avoid high-lying lowlands groundwater when landing;
- protect plants during the winter with a covering material;
- carry out snow retention in the beds.
Protection against diseases and pests
Among the main enemies that often attack and infect the culture, the following stand out:
- Spider mite. When a microscopic insect appears, the plants are treated with an insecticide solution.
- Gall nematode. Pre-planting soil cultivation with the introduction of sodium nitrate will help protect the bushes from settling with a pest.
- Smut. You can prevent the development of the disease by pre-sowing seed treatment.
- Leaf spot. At the first manifestations of the disease, plantings are sprayed with a copper-containing fungicide.
- Gray rot. In the initial stages of the disease, the normalization of the irrigation regime will help to suspend its development.
Reproduction of Pansies
Growing pansies is possible not only from seeds. The culture can also propagate vegetatively.
Cuttings
This breeding method is also a fairly popular technique:
- Long shoots are bent to the soil and placed in a pre-prepared groove.
- Layers are fixed in the groove with staples and sprinkled with soil.
- A month later, roots begin to develop from the internodes.
- After full rooting, the shoots are separated from the parent specimen and planted in a permanent place.
Garden decoration - where is the best place to plant Pansies?
Early flowering compact bushes have found their application in the design of landscape gardening compositions.
They are often used for decoration:
- garden paths;
- hanging pots;
- alpine slides;
- lawn lawns with bright greenery;
- flower beds and rabatok, where luxurious ornaments are created with the help of flowers.
Thus, pansies, distinguished by their beauty and early flowering, will be a wonderful decoration of the garden. Moreover, planting and caring for such an elegant and bright pet will not give a florist a lot of trouble.
Viola, popularly known as Pansies, is a widely cultivated flower that is a colorful annual, biennial or perennial plant in the violet family. Despite its fragile appearance and touching name, this flower cannot be attributed to sissies. "Pansies" are suitable for growing throughout Russia, which makes them a real hit spring beds... In terms of the variety and saturation of colors, "Pansies" have no equal. This culture is divided into two main types - simple varieties and tricolor. The color of the flowers and the presence of multi-colored spots on the main background of the petals depends entirely on the variety of the plant. To date, more than 250 species of cultivated varieties are known.
"Pansies" are derived from the field wild plants belonging to the genus Viola. The plant reaches a height of 25-30 cm. Now winter-hardy hybrid varieties have been developed that can be planted in spring, summer and even autumn. But it is especially pleasant that this culture is extremely unpretentious.
"Pansies" - variety selection
"Pansies" are subdivided into small-growing, large-flowered and gigantic varieties. Varieties differ in the length of the stem of the plant, the size and color of the flowers, but all have similar growing conditions and can be planted in any region. When choosing a variety of pansies, you should not think that what larger flower, all the better. As practice shows, the most hardy and strong plants have just small flowers. In addition, small multi-flowered varieties are better adapted to rainy weather and temperature extremes.
The most popular varieties of "Pansies"
. "Abendglut"- large-flowered variety with a small bush height and large, up to 8 cm in diameter, dark red flowers with brown spots.
. "Ice king"- a variety with bright white flowers.
. "Weiss" is a gigantic variety with pure white flowers and wavy edges.
. "Himmelstigen"- a hybrid representing flowers of blue color.
"Pansies" - landing
You can plant "Pansies" both in winter and in autumn. Experienced gardeners it is recommended to plant seeds indoors, and after two months, the already grown seedlings should be transferred to open ground along with the root tuber of the earth. It is necessary to sow seeds in moist soil for seedlings, sprinkling on top with a thin layer of vermiculite or sand - the seeds of "Pansies" do not germinate in the light. Until shoots appear (mostly, this happens after a week), gradually moisten the soil. If possible, water through the pallet. To retain moisture, you can cover the box with seeds with a film, providing ventilation, so that otherwise cold-loving flowers under the film simply do not cook.
Once the seeds have sprouted, place the box in a bright and cool place to prevent the seedlings from growing too skinny and long. If you are sprouting seeds at home under a fluorescent light, choose a cooler spot. To "harden" the plants, after a month you can transplant the seedlings into pots and when the air temperature is more than + 5 ° C, take the pots outside during the day. After 2 months, the grown seedlings can be transferred to open ground along with the root tuber of the earth after the heat subsides. Any actions when planting these flowers must be done in the shade. The soil should be moistened and enriched with humus. It is necessary to plant pansies at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other, since the bush tends to grow in the future.
"Pansies" - care
Thanks to winter hardiness and endurance, it is not difficult to grow modern varieties of pansies. It is necessary to provide these flowers with soft and loosened soil, saturated with organic matter. If the soil is hard and damp, pansies can develop root rot. In order for "Pansies" to grow large and with richly colored flowers, it is necessary to provide the plant with frequent watering, but between waterings the soil must dry out well so that water stagnation does not occur and the root system does not rot. You can prolong the flowering of "Pansies" by regularly removing all wilted flowers from the bushes so that seeds do not form. it is also necessary to pinch elongated and unsuccessful shoots. Cut the seed pods in August - flowering will continue throughout the fall. Feed "Pansies" better compost or any other organic fertilizer relatively high in phosphorus and potassium and low in nitrogen. Mulch the Pansies with sawdust, straw or grass clippings when the heat comes to prolong the flowering period.
"Pansies":
diseases and pests
There is an unpleasant pattern: the more cultivated flower plants, the more they suffer from pests and diseases. Pansies are no exception: if natural species rarely get sick, the varieties and hybrids of these violets suffer from various misfortunes quite often. Therefore, it is better to take preventive measures in advance, using, for example, insecticides. Let's consider the most common problems:
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