Drawing up a composition of flowers. Bouquets for special occasions. Styles in the art of floristry

Date of publication: 18.01.2017

Floristry today is not just a hobby, but also knowledge that makes our world more beautiful every day. There are many areas where these skills are widely used. Aesthetics are needed in decorating a festive bouquet (for a wedding, anniversary, birthday or for no reason), creating accessories from living plants (New Year's wreath, ikebana, flower composition in a basket, etc.), "living" ornaments (hairpins or hoops for hair, earrings with fresh flowers), etc.

A beginner florist needs to know the basic rules of floristic arrangement and decoration, thanks to which one can become very successful in this area. So, we recommend that you start mastering new knowledge.

Chromaticity

In creating any floral masterpiece, adhere to the rule of color harmony. The shade of a flower bud is, first of all, symbolism, therefore a rich bright or pale pink is completely different meanings... So, before making a flower arrangement, find out: for whom it is or what event it is intended for. Then choose the appropriate shades. A red rose symbolizes passion, a soft pink lily will help express a romantic mood, etc. Experts in the world of floristry still recommend using no more than 3 flowers in one bouquet / accessory.

Quantity

In floristry, it is important to adhere to harmony in everything, even in the number of buds or other plants. If you are working with exotic flowers then use them very selectively. Let Lisianthus, Dendrobium Orchid or Ranunculus be the centerpiece of your composition. They can be supplemented with less expensive plants, with which you need to create a background. For example, in winter period needles twigs can be used as a base. In spring or summer - leaf of Aralia, Salal, Leaf of Aspidistra, etc. To do this, you need to get an encyclopedia of flowers, and study how you can more plants, learn to recognize them instantly.

Be sure to supplement visual memorization with semantic ones. When a professional florist sees a particular flower, he knows not only its name, but also its symbolism. If you reach that level, then you become a specialist.

In our country, it is customary to give an even number of flowers only on the occasion of a sad event - the death of a person. In all other cases, an odd number of buds is appropriate. However, in some countries it is quite normal to give a couple of roses to a living person. A highly professional florist should be interested in the national peculiarities of floristry in different countries... Only by expanding knowledge can one become the best specialist in this area.

The form

There are basic floristic laws: for round bouquet- flowers round shape, for plants with sharp petals, an asymmetric design using floral paper, etc. However, in matters of form, individual vision is also important here, as well as your own refined taste. You can, of course, find out the preferences of the client in order to build on his vision. The form, like other features of creating a floristic composition, must be felt. Over time, you will learn to do this intuitively, but first we recommend that you adhere to harmony in a uniform abundance.

Flower care

Living plants are an expensive material and also quickly deteriorate, so you need to know the basic rules for handling them:

Instruments

The florist's main tools are his hands, sense of style and knowledge. If you have all this, supplement your own floristic "set" with such versatile accessories:

stationery knife;
secateurs;
stapler;
nippers;
awl;
Scotch;
glue gun;
decoration material: mesh, decorative spray, foil, beads, rhinestones, ribbons, wire, etc. (depending on the type of activity).

To form compositions, you may need a pomander, a bouquette, piaflor, kenzan, bulka. You can purchase these goods for attaching buds in a specialized store.

Floristics is one of the varieties of design and decorative and applied art, which is embodied in the creation of compositions, collages, bouquets, panels. Flower arrangements are creative and technical work. Usually the goal of a designer is to express a theme or idea, event, using only flowers and leaves. Floristry for beginners involves the creation of simple natural compositions, bouquets and collages. Floristry can become a real hobby for lovers of something beautiful, because you can create masterpieces with your own hands. So where do you start?

Fundamentals of the art of floristry

First you need to decide on the materials. Each flower has its own meaning. Various natural materials are used for work, for example, flowers, herbs, leaves, berries, chestnuts, nuts, etc. The materials used can be both dry and live.

If you want to create a gift bouquet, remember that azalea means devotion, gladiolus - constancy, calla - beauty and poise, lotus - good health and happiness, orchid - beauty, peony - fame and wealth. In addition, each shade has its own meaning. Red flowers symbolize passion and love, dark pink - gratitude, white - purity and innocence, purple - friendship, yellow - joy and prosperity. V recent times more and more attention is paid to floral etiquette. Therefore, connecting various flowers you can express feelings or gratitude.

When drawing up a flower arrangement, the appearance of flowers is very important. When choosing flowers, pay attention to the foliage. It should be green, without brown spots... The stems should look like they were recently cut from a flower bed.

The main rule in floristry for beginners: more is not better. As a rule, experienced designers no more than three colors are used in their works. Bouquets with more than four types of flowers can seem piled up and too variegated, which spoils their appearance.

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Classification into types of compositions

Florists identify 4 ways to combine colors plants. The first is the use of similar colors, the second is a combination of contrasting colors located opposite each other, the third is a combination of different color wheels, the fourth is a combination of several shades of the same color.

Contrasting compositions look bright and unusual. To create such a bouquet, you need to use "pure" colors. You can combine orange gerberas with blue irises for an optimistic composition. For a romantic atmosphere, you should choose bed shades, choosing muted ones: blue colors in combination with pale pink or lilac with yellow-brown. Experimenting with a bouquet of flowers light shade and dark.

The bouquet may be dominated by specific color... As a rule, florists for harmonious combination use several colors of similar shades. Such a bouquet can be composed in a transitional scale of one tone. For example, for bright colors the background compositions are made dimmer and darker, and for dark ones - darker and brighter. When creating a composition, you should not pay attention only to color. Try to choose a natural material of the appropriate size and shape.

When composing a flower arrangement, you need to prepare the plants and store them correctly in the process. You need to put flowers in water by cutting off their stems at an angle. Remove any growth and foliage below the water level. Florist foam can be used to keep flowers fresh, which inhibits bacterial growth. Almost all cut flowers are best stored at +5 degrees. Gladioli, orchids, anthuriums are well preserved at +10 degrees. Some wilting flowers, for example, a rose, can be "revived" by placing the plant in a bath of water for 2 hours.

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Enchanting dried flowers compositions

Compositions of dried flowers look very nice. They are durable and hardly need any further care... A bouquet of dried flowers can be made in decorative tree or a vase. One of the most important stages in the composition of a bouquet is the selection of the required flowers and their drying. You can choose tall roses, gladioli. As an addition to the bouquet, eucalyptus leaves, poppy flowers, yarrow, dried fern leaves are suitable. As a rule, dried flowers are not very bright, so you can color the plants or use them as decoration. additional elements such as peacock feathers.

The most popular dried flower arrangement is a regular bouquet. To create it, you need dried flowers, a vase, decorative stones and filler. The bottom of the vase should be filled with floral foam. If this is not available, you can use the usual assembly room, filling it with cellophane, thereby preserving the walls of the vase. Trim the stems of the dried flowers to the required length. You need to make a bouquet starting with the highest flowers that form the shape of the future composition. Rotate the vase to complement it natural materials so that the bouquet looks harmonious from all sides. Stones should be added as desired. In a transparent vase, they will not only be a decoration, but also make it more stable. The finished composition of dried flowers should be placed away from the window so that as little sunlight as possible gets in.

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Tools for the future florist

If you are seriously interested in floral design, then you will probably need tools. Floristic foam is used to fix flowers in a composition. Floral pins can be used to secure ribbons and moss in necessary place... Floral tape is needed to give the stem additional stability. It can also hide the floristic wire, which is the main one in many works. You will need wire cutters to cut the wire. Other tools can be found in the arsenal of every gardener and florist: garden shears, pruning shears, etc. Keep your scissors and secateurs sharp so that the cut is always straight. This is especially important when working with wood twigs and flowers with a thick stem.

Experienced florists often use a glue gun and sticks. Thanks to these devices, it is possible to fix the foam in the vessel. The gun can be used to make compositions from dried flowers and artificial flowers.

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Directions and styles of floristry

Europeans distinguish three directions of floristry: form-linear, vegetative and decorative. This classification was approved by Gregor Lersh and Daniel Ost. Peter Asman outlined 4 directions of floristry. In addition to the above three styles, there was one more - parallel. However, this direction has been moved to the category of line arrangement of plant materials. Currently, creative floristry is especially popular. This direction is characterized by originality of forms, sophistication and uniqueness.

Compositions made in a linear style are very easy to recognize. All plant materials are used sparingly. Any element is very important, just as the moment of using the space between materials is important. The peculiarity of the massive style is in its arrangement. These are volumetric shapes with soft transitions. The florist creates the central part of the bouquet, and then gradually fills in the contours of the arrangement. Compositions made in a mixed style of floristry are very diverse. They are far from established rules arrangements of linear, massive or massive-linear style. Most likely, they harmoniously combine all styles.

Floristry is an exciting activity that will give you a lot of pleasant minutes. By making a composition of flowers, twigs and leaves, you become closer to nature. Studying floristry as a design element can not only provide an opportunity to learn new opportunities, but even develop into a real profession.

The law of proportions is used in design and floristry to create harmonious bouquets and compositions. These works are built on the principles of the golden ratio and Fibonacci numbers, which balance the various elements in the whole work.

In floristry, the most often used ratio is 2: 3, 3: 5: 8. This means that, for example, when placing flowers in a vase, there should be three parts to the height of the vase, five parts to the height of the flowers above the vase, and the height of the entire composition will be eight parts. The parts in the bouquet that are held in the hands should correlate in approximately the same way.

When creating a composition in a flat vase, the same ratios of individual parts are used, but instead of the height, the diameter of the vase is usually taken.

It is imperative to take it into account at the 1st stage, when constructing all works, moreover - this rule will "work" automatically. Experienced craftsmen can find the right proportions by eye. For beginners, it is useful to practice using vases and other containers of various heights and shapes.

Proportions in works:

1) Height.

We measure the height of the vase, determine how many parts it will be (1, 2, 3), calculate the height (3 parts, 5 parts or 8) of the future composition through proportions, mark the height with the material at hand. When creating a bouquet, the proportions are usually built relative to the place of the bundle, 5 parts go up, 3 parts go down. With falling compositions on stands, its height, the height of the vase is taken into account.

2) In length.

The length of the vase, or diameter, is measured, and the width of the future work is calculated proportionally.

In height and length.

The work has a horizontal direction, although the height of the vase is taken as the basis for the calculations. This ratio is often referred to as leverage law , those. the longer the segment, the more visually massive the center of gravity should be. The main thing is to observe the optical balance so that the work is not "thrown back". In the illustration - the height of the vase is 1 part, the length of the work is 5 parts.

4) In the distribution of material in work (mass of material). Most often it is observed in the setting of the so-called asymmetric group, where the main composition consists of 8 parts, 3 parts are located nearby, and 5 parts are distant. We observe in bouquets, grouping flowers and leaves, in collages, in compositions, in wreaths ...

Found the ratio of numbers mathematician Leonardo of Pisa (or Fibonacci) .

1: 1: 2: 3: 5: 8: 13: 21:34 ...

A sequence in which each subsequent number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers.

Basics of composition in floristry. Symmetry - Asymmetry

There are two main ways of creating floristic works - symmetrical and asymmetrical setting of the material.

Symmetry

If the main motive of a composition is placed in its geometric middle, and two sides are formed on the right and left, having the same length, we are dealing with a symmetrical composition.

If the main motive is not located in the center, and different lengths of the sides are obtained along its edges, then we get an asymmetric composition.

Let's first consider the symmetrical construction and some rules for its implementation.

The principle of forming a symmetrical composition

The axis of the composition - the implied auxiliary line - must pass through its geometric center. It is also the axis of symmetry at the same time.

The optical center of gravity must be on the axis, which means that the main motive of the composition must necessarily be on this auxiliary line. He will visually divide the composition itself into two halves.

Symmetry happens:

* mirrored (the material is mirrored relative to the axis), Fig. 1

* visual (optical - we achieve with the help of similar color solutions, we put different material at the same time), Figure 4

* vertical, pic 1

* horizontal, rice 4

* radial or radial (more often observed in round works, for example wreaths), Figs 2 and 3

* group symmetry, when staging several works (works are located at the same distance, may have a similar material arrangement)

Everything on one side must be repeated on the other side, have the same color and appearance, extend at an equal distance from the axis of the group, and be at the same height and depth. This harmony must be optically effective. The appearance on the right should match the appearance on the left, although in fact the number of flowers in the flower arrangement is different sides may be different. For example, our face, it seems to us, has exactly the same halves, but if we look closely, we will find certain differences. Impact and application of symmetrical construction

Symmetrical construction is also called strict or architectural. This harmony must be optically effective. The appearance on the right must match outward appearance on the left, although in fact the number of flowers in the flower arrangement on different sides may be different. For example, our face, it seems to us, has exactly the same halves, but if we look closely, we will find certain differences.

Impact and application of symmetrical construction

Symmetrical construction is also called strict or architectural.

Symmetrical composition is easy to understand, affects clearly and strictly, as geometric figure... Thus, she personifies something clear and measurable, statically calm and architectural. Synonyms for her are: isolation, concentration, calmness, dignity, severity, triumph.

Therefore, the principle of symmetry is suitable for a solemn or official occasion, decoration of a church holiday, stage decorations for holidays.

Florists use the following symmetrical means of composition: shaped trees, garlands, flower columns or flower pyramids, decorative arrangements and even flower walls.

If the florist wants to soften the severity of the symmetrical construction, he can use freer individual motives, lighter and more delicate colors, gracefully hanging forms.

Compositions made in a decorative style have geometrically clear outlines and meet the requirements of clarity and simplicity, even if they are made in a decorative style and have a drop, dome and cone shape.

Linear-exposure forms are rarely symmetrical. but on these rare occasions they act in an unusual and attractive manner.

Since symmetry only has a correct effect in the central perspective, compositions should be set accordingly.

Symmetry within the group - In the center - the main element, auxiliary - at an equal distance from the main. 2 axes of symmetry can be obtained.

Asymmetry

In contrast to the strict order of symmetry, asymmetry is called free order. Although freedom and ease are actually imaginary. The florist must necessarily know the rule of balance and be able to apply it, and therefore the creation of asymmetric compositions turns out to be more difficult than symmetrical ones.

Principles of creating an asymmetric composition

The first and most important principle is that the main motive cannot be placed in the geometric middle of the composition, otherwise you will get a symmetrical group. In most cases, the main motive is placed in the right or left third of the main square. M Between the geometric middle and the main motive, or on the most basic motive, lies the axis of the entire group with its center of gravity. It can only be established sensually, and not geometrically, as with a symmetrical structure.

All parts that complement the main motive are different in appearance, height and depth. Next to the main part is the secondary part, and on the other side of the group is the third part, depicting the optical balance of weight. The law of leverage is in effect, and therefore the less and, accordingly, more easily the opposite to the main motive is depicted, the further it must be placed in order to maintain the balance of the entire group as a whole. The balance can be adjusted in the following ways:

* By changing the optical weight of the main or minor parts

* Removing or approaching a part to the group axis

* Other connecting parts of the exposition can be added to the three main elements. The main figure of asymmetry is a non-sided triangle that unites three motives. In all asymmetrical structures - from small coasters to large floral decorations - it plays a big role.

Impact of asymmetric structure

The principle of asymmetry, as already mentioned above, is also called free order, since a florist can group an exposition without a strict regularity. Its parts look together as if put together at ease. It is quite difficult to create an asymmetric exposure, since not everything in it is subject to strict rules of geometry. An observer can often find her beautiful without understanding what exactly causes such feelings. This makes the asymmetrical group attractive, and fantasy has unlimited possibilities here.

The impact of asymmetric compositions is fragile, free, unconstrained, accidental. Since each part is unique, the differences become more visible and dramatic than symmetry. You can feel movement, action and reaction, harmony. Therefore, asymmetry has something in common with the essence of all living material on display. Thus, vivacity and development, freedom and variety of flowers and plants in asymmetric groupings are expressed better than in symmetrical ones. This effect can be enhanced by the richness of color combinations with soft tones, or by the use of graphic forms. You can soften the asymmetry with the help of a clear one- or two-color, or through symmetrically designed individual parts.

Applying an asymmetric structure

It is used for all vegetative, form-linear styles. Asymmetric groupings allow the eye to move freely throughout the exposure, while symmetrical grouping catches the eye in the middle.

In large decorations, thematic expositions, asymmetry is used if there is a cheerful, cheerful or romantic occasion. And in a funeral composition, it can be used only if they want to emphasize the personality of the deceased.

Basics of composition in floristry.

The most important component of a florist's skill is composition.

Composition is an organizing element of an artistic form that gives unity and wholeness to any work, subordinating its components to each other and to the whole.

In floristry, the technique of placing plants and materials is based on knowledge of the laws of constructing an artistic and decorative composition and the characteristics of each type of plants.

There are several basic laws (*) that must be taken into account when constructing works from flowers. There are a number of principles that are important enough for a professional florist, but a beginner may miss them.

symmetry - asymmetry

the law of proportions, or the golden ratio

theory of color contrast and harmony

form of work

Additional: Ranking; Accent; Voltage; ranks, etc.

You will need

- flowers;
- tape or cord;
- decorative greenery;
- additional accessories (frame, packing material).

Instructions

Before you start compiling, select for it. In this matter, it is very important to take into account the age, gender, appearance and, of course, the personal taste of the person to whom the bouquet is intended. To avoid annoying blunders, stick to basic floral etiquette. Choose large, tall flowers for. For example, gladioli, hippeastrum. More delicate plants - roses, lilies, are suitable for women. Carnations are presented to mature and elderly people. The most versatile colors are gerberas; they can be used by almost everyone.

If you did not buy a special floristic basket or flower pot, but made a container from materials, put an oilcloth or foil on the bottom. In the finished pots and baskets, a waterproof layer is already inserted in advance. Now you can put the sponge in the basket and take care of the flowers directly.

If you are afraid to miscalculate and choose the wrong plants, give preference to flowers of the same species or genus. Surely you have seen beautiful compositions of roses of various colors. For example, a win-win Is a combination of red and white roses. You can take the same amount of both roses and place them in a random order, or from red roses, surrounding it with white flowers.

When composing a composition of flowers belonging to different types, but to one genus, the composition, for example, can be as follows: begonia, saintpaulia, hypoestes, coleus. These flowers combine well in all respects: color, height, leaf shape.

If you think that you have good taste, you can try to combine different flowers with each other. After all, now both plants of the same height and compositions with a stepped arrangement of flowers, both loose and dense bouquets, are popular. Experiment and you will definitely find a good combination plants.

Tip 8: How to stylishly and beautifully decorate an event with flowers

When organizing an event, do not forget about decorating the hall where it will be held. Very appropriate decorative elements in such cases, there will be flower arrangements made experienced florist.

To make the hall decorated with flowers look solemn, stylish and luxurious, you need to be able to choose the right plants. Avoid flowers with pungent or overly strong scent, as their scent can cause headaches and even nausea. This is especially important to consider if the event will last for a long time. Much more a good choice will become flowers with a subtle scent.

The next point is the choice of colors. It directly depends on the specifics of the event, including its style. For example, classic wedding compositions can be performed in light, delicate colors, and during the celebration of Christmas it is appropriate to decorate the room in green, red and gold or silver colors. But in any case, bouquets should not be too variegated, otherwise they will look rather tasteless than stylish.

In some cases, special, thematic compositions are appropriate. For example, if you are planning a Valentine's Day event, it would be appropriate to use multiple heart wreaths made of red flowers. On children's party decorations can be "flower toys" - bears, bunnies, etc. New Year's corporate party Christmas wreaths and compositions with spruce branches will be relevant.

After choosing the right flower arrangements, think about where to place them. If there is a stage in the hall, it makes sense to focus attention on it with the help of wall compositions placed behind the stage or on the sides of it. Another option is to use large, stable floor vases with luxurious bouquets. In any case, remember that flowers should not interfere with the event.

If they stand in the hall holiday tables, they should also be decorated with flowers. Cascading compositions attached to the tablecloth look very beautiful. If you wish, you can also use bouquets in flat or tall vases, but please note that they should not interfere with guests. Situations when flowers get into food or block the stage are unacceptable. Vases with flowers will be especially appropriate if guests are seated at many small tables. Then an elegant composition can be set in the center of each table.

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how to arrange flowers beautifully

First you need to get acquainted with the author's bouquets of professionals - at least on the Internet, in order to grasp the basic principles. Starting to draw up a bouquet, you need to imagine its shape, height, proportions of the composition. This is important for the arrangement. For example, it will not be superfluous to use several types of flowers of different heights - if the bouquet is made for a vase. For a basket, of course, the length of the stems should be the same.

When composing a bouquet, you need to imagine where the center of the composition will be, where the gaze will stop. These can be large flowers at the base of the bouquet or small ones at the edges. This focal point should not be too large, otherwise the rest of the flowers in the composition will simply "get lost". Having decided on suitable sizes and the shape of the bouquet, flowers are placed in a vase at different angles in different directions. The accent should be done or melted, and the wildflowers should be supplemented with greens. Flowers are cut with a sharp knife in the evening or early in the morning, the lower part of the stem is cleaned of thorns (roses) and leaves (any flowers). Immediately before starting the arrangement of the bouquet, the incisions are refreshed with the same sharp knife - obliquely. If the stems of flowers contain latex or milk juice, they should be burned over a fire, immersed in boiling water, and then in cold water. If lilies are present in the bouquet, you need to remove their anthers - so the flowers will not get dirty.

Restaurant interior decoration is always an individual process. Even the establishments that are part of the network have certain characteristics. One way to keep a space fresh, vibrant and soothing is to use fresh flowers and plants. They not only delight with their greenery and bright colors visitors, but also cleanse the air from dust, absorb carbon dioxide and contribute to the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms living in the air. Correctly selected pieces can decorate any space. The main thing is not to turn the room into a jungle completely covered with plants.

Suitable style

The only style that allows an unnecessarily large number of flora representatives is eco-design, which seeks to bring visitors as close to nature as possible. In other cases, several flower beds or tubs are sufficient. For special occasions or design features restaurant tables can be decorated with fresh cut flowers. As a rule, they are intensely fragrant and look especially romantic and festive. Even a simple bunch of field daisies is enough to transform a room. In general, the use of fresh flowers is always beauty and a sea of benefits, but subject to all the rules for caring for them.

Floral complexities

Despite their magnificence, they can also become a source of trouble and difficulty if they are irresponsible in their number and care. All plants need care and appropriate living conditions. First of all, of course, this concerns sufficient lighting. In dark rooms, intensive growth cannot be expected, therefore, it is necessary to be located on the sunny side or the presence of panoramic windows that give plenty of light. Also, flowers must be watered, and not as you like, but in a certain amount.

Even in distant antiquity, flowers were a decoration of holidays and an object of decor in the interior. Despite the differences in time, the tradition of congratulating with the help of bouquets has remained to this day. Flowers help express warm feelings and confess your love. And houses serve as a means of creating comfort. Although floristry is a science and art with its own subtleties and laws, everyone can create their own bouquet and please loved ones!

If you are making your bouquet for the first time, then I advise you to focus on one type of flowers. Each can be attributed to a particular style. The most common - massive... In this case, there is no free space between the elements of the bouquet. An example is a flower arrangement in a vase. TO linear the style includes bouquets in which vegetation is used sparingly and each element seems to live its own life and is significant in its own way. A striking and simple example is.

Stylistic search... When creating a composition, do not use too many types of plants - the work will look sloppy and overloaded. Limit yourself to 2-3 types of flowers and add decorative greenery.

Like any other creative process, the creation of a bouquet can be divided into points:

Determination of form and composition;

Color compatibility and number of plants;

The arrangement of the bouquet.

You can make a bouquet of flowers growing in your garden. They should be cut at an angle and placed in the water. Dense stems should be cut with a garden pruner, and grassy stems with a sharp knife. Be sure to remove some of the lower thorns and leaves before placing the flowers in the water. This way they will not decompose or spoil the water, which can greatly shorten the life of the plants. If you have flowers that have never been used in the preparation of bouquets - renew the cut, so the stem will not get clogged with air and will be able to "get drunk".

It must be remembered that bouquets are made different sizes and each is preferable for its own special occasion. For anniversaries and other major events, it will be appropriate to give large bouquets. Less voluminous are suitable for a wedding. It is important to consider the gender, appearance and personal taste of the person to whom you are presenting the bouquet. For men - moderately large, elongated vertically, with all their appearance showing restraint and severity of lines and shapes. For women, bouquets can be of very different variations, there are no boundaries for your imagination.

Make bouquets with joy in your heart. After all, what you feel will be reflected in them color combinations and shape. Experiment, create and give people your creations, because with them you give joy and happiness!

Today I want to tell about the basics of floristry , the basics that are applicable to any do-it-yourself floristic composition, be it from live, dry, artificial flowers , or not flowers at all, but fruits or sweets. There are several basic principles of composition floristry:

1. Concept, design - the master plan of the arrangement on the basis of which it is created. The design has three parameters: height, width and depth. The master of flower arrangement at first mentally presents it in finished form and only after that starts work.

2. Proportion - this is the ratio of the size of plants and a vessel, the ratio between flowers, leaves, a vase, the ratio of the size of the finished composition and the room, the showcase where it will stand. Observance of proportions means that the composition as a whole makes a pleasant impression - the composition looks proportionate. A composition in any style can be disproportionate if there is no relationship between the size of the vessel and the height of the plants. To maintain proportions in the creation of compositions, they proceed from the classic formula of the "golden section". When the bouquet is upright, if the entire height is divided into 8 parts, then 5 of them should fall on flowers, and 3 on a vase. Or the size of the tallest flower should be 1.5 vase heights (light flowers and the buds are higher, the darker ones are lower). In a horizontal position, when the bouquet is low, flat vase, the diagonal or diameter of the vase should be taken into account. The longest branch, the flower according to the "golden ratio" should be 5 parts, the shortest 3 or the size of the longest flower is 1.5 diameters or the diagonal of the vase.

3. Focal point - the center of attention of the composition, the place where the eye is drawn. These can be larger flowers or a group of small flowers located at the edges of the vase. The focal point shouldn't be too big, otherwise it can ruin the whole composition.

4. Rhythm - it is movement in composition, which can be achieved by alternating shape and color, changing the size of colors. Without rhythm, the arrangement looks monotonous and static.

5. Balance - It has essential, an unbalanced asymmetrical composition can tip over. Visual balance is not much more than physical balance, and it consists in the requirement that the composition looks stable, even if it is asymmetrical. There are several ways to visually make the lighter side of the arrangement look heavier - dark flowers heavier than light, round heavier than tubular. There is a balance between top and bottom. Large flowers in the middle or at the bottom of the arrangement give the impression of poise.

6. Harmony - it is the aesthetic quality of the composition, the aesthetic value in which all parts of the arrangement, their shape and color complement each other.

7. Colour- one of the main elements of a well-composed composition. Will help here color circle, in which the shades of the spectrum of the sun's ray transmitted through the prism and the transition tones are located. All colors can be divided into warm (red, orange, yellow) and cold (blue, blue-violet, violet, green). Read about ways to combine colors harmoniously