Jasmine grandiflorum (jasminum grandiflorum)
Description
Plant of the Olive family. Perennial branched shrub 1 meter or more, with thin green shoots. Leaves are opposite, not paired, with 5-7 petals. The flowers are white, up to 4 cm in diameter, collected in 2-8 panicles. Up to 200 species of this plant are known.
Jasmine grows wildly in the tropical Himalayas. On Black sea coast The Caucasus was imported from France in 1929.
The aboveground parts of the plant at a temperature of -6, - 8 freeze up to the point of hilling the trunk. However, in spring, plants form shoots with the help of which skeletal branches are restored and bloom in the same summer. Depending on the degree of frost damage, jasmine blooms in late June - July, after which flowering continues until the first frost. The flowers bloom in the evening and are harvested in the morning. The flower collection period lasts from July to November.
Reproduction
Jasmine is propagated by layering and green cuttings. Cuttings produced in July-August in cold greenhouses. For plantations, two-year-old seedlings are used. The best time planting of seedlings - the second half of April ..
For planting, areas of the southern and southwestern exposure, protected from cold winds, are selected. The best soils are alluvial, deep, watertight, no stagnation surface waters; on damp soils, jasmine often dies from getting wet. For the winter plants spud. In the spring, pruning and forming a jasmine bush is carried out.
The essential oil is extracted from flowers by petroleum ether extraction. Essential jasmine oil is a part of most perfume compositions and is widely used for the production of high-end perfumery products.
Jasmine varieties
The most famous varieties of jasmine: white jasmine, Italian jasmine, pink jasmine, jasmine medicinal jasmine yellow, flaped jasmine, multiflorous jasmine. Of all the types of jasmine, jasmine yellow has a poisonous juice and must be handled carefully.
Jasmine italian- has inflorescences in the form of brushes, small flowers yellow color... Has a faint flower scent. It blooms even in winter.
Jasmine white (royal)- medium flowers white, with wonderful aroma... They can be up to 2 meters high. Blooms in June-July.
Jasmine folded- one of rare species jasmine. A low-growing shrub with fragrant, yellow flowers. It grows only in Tajikistan.
Jasmine officinalis- shrub up to 2 meters. The flowers are white, fragrant. Blooms in April.
Jasmine multiflorous- evergreen, spreading bush, up to 3 meters high. The flowers are small, collected in inflorescences, similar to small stars.
Jasmine flower photo
The history of the appearance of jasmine in Europe began during the time of the Crusaders.
At this very time, this amazingly fragrant flower appeared in the garden of the Italian duke, whose name has not been preserved in history. The Duke so zealously watched that jasmine grew only in his garden that he strictly forbade distributing shoots to his gardener, but love does not heed prohibitions, and, once, having fallen in love, the gardener gave his beloved a bouquet of flowering branches.
Since then, jasmine has been considered the flower of love.
And perfumers, of course, could not help but use the aroma of jasmine to make toilet water, creams, gels, etc.
Jasmine plant Is a liana shrub of the olive family. Most widespread got in the tropics and subtropics. V Central Asia, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, there are three types of jasmine. In general, about 200 species of this plant are known, only some species are used for home floriculture.
In particular, jasmine multiflorous(J. polyanthum) got its name from the peculiarity of the buds to have different colors during flowering. So, at first, the buds have pink color and then turn white. The flowers are small and look like stars. Since this is a vine, it can be wrapped around a support.
Jasmine large-flowered(J. grandiflorum), also known as medicinal jasmine (J. officinale), is an evergreen shrub, the length of shoots of which reaches up to 10 m, inflorescences of large white flowers in the form of stars are formed at the tops. The plant blooms only in adulthood from spring to autumn. Needs annual pruning. It is used as a fragrance additive in the perfume industry.
Jasmine(J. nudiflorum) is a small shrub with drooping shoots. It has yellow flowers that appear from January to March.
Indoor flower jasmine sambac(J. sambac), or Arabian or Indian jasmine needs frequent pruning, because it has long flexible shoots. Sambac is a jasmine that can bloom with white flowers practically all year round, by the end of flowering, the flowers become reddish in color. This type of jasmine is grown in many southern countries in order to obtain essential oil used for perfumery products. Sambac jasmine flowers are used for the production of Chinese green tea.
Very handsome jasmine royal(J. rex). The leaves of this plant, unlike many jasmines, are long, oval. It blooms in winter with large white (up to 7 cm in diameter), odorless flowers.
Growing secrets
Houseplant jasmine is picky about temperature regime... So, in winter, the temperature should not rise above +20 degrees, but also should not fall below +8 degrees. In summer, jasmine will feel great in the fresh air, but it must be positioned so that the bright midday sun does not directly hit the plant. Generally, the best place for jasmine, east-facing windows are considered. By placing jasmine on such windows, you do not have to worry about protecting the plant from the bright midday sunlight.
When watering a plant, it must be remembered that jasmine does not tolerate lime water. For irrigation, settled, slightly acidified water is suitable. In order for the jasmine to bloom beautifully, from mid-autumn to early spring, the plant is watered very sparingly and without dressing.
In the summer, watering should be more abundant, so that the earthy coma does not dry out. Even in summer, the water for irrigation should be warm.
In any case, it is necessary to adhere to the following principle: with a decrease in temperature, watering decreases, with an increase, it increases, but you should not get carried away with watering: in between waterings, the earth should dry out well.
The humidity of the air where your jasmine is standing should not be too low. In winter, do not place the plant close to heating devices... Jasmine responds well to leaf spraying at high temperatures.
As a substrate for jasmine, a soil consisting of clay-sod, deciduous soil and sand in equal proportions is suitable.
As soon as the buds began to form and at the time of flowering, jasmine is fed every two weeks, alternating organic and mineral fertilizers.
Reproduction and transplantation
Jasmine is propagated by cuttings and layering.
The best planting material are yearlings side shoots... The length of the shoot ranges from 10 to 15 cm. The cuttings should have 2-3 internodes. Shoots are rooted either in water or in a mixture of leafy earth with sand (ratio 1: 1). For rooting, the most optimal temperature is +20 degrees. Rooting takes place within a month and a half. After rooting, young plants are planted in pots with soil (sand - 1 part, leafy soil - 3 parts). Young plants are protected from direct sunlight, watered so that the earthy coma does not dry out and sprayed on time.
When new young shoots appear, jasmine is transplanted to a permanent place.
Since jasmine belongs to ampelous plants, it can be propagated by layering. An shoot is selected from the mother plant and pressed against the ground of another pot, without breaking off or cutting off, with a staple or a hairpin. A small incision is made at the point of pressing on the shoot.
Both the cuttings and the mother plant are watered regularly. As soon as young growth appears on the layer, it is separated from the mother plant.
Young plants are transplanted every year in spring, adults once every 2-3 years. Acid soil is taken for transplantation. If transplanted adult plant, then the ratio of clay-sod land to sand doubles.
All indoor jasmines need pruning, which improves the flowering process: after pruning, young side shoots are formed, and buds are formed on them. For young plants, pinching the tops of the shoots is suitable. This will improve tillering and increase the number of flowers. The record holder for pruning is sambac jasmine, which is pruned 3-4 times a year.
Possible problems
Improper care leads to the fact that jasmine can be affected by aphids, red spider mites, whiteflies. If a pest is found, the following measures must be taken: wash the leaves (from the bottom side) with water, preparations containing permethrin. After washing the leaves with infusion with green soap after 2-3 hours they are washed with warm water. The procedure is repeated until the complete destruction of the pests.
The healing properties of jasmine
Jasmine is not only a plant that pleases with its beauty, it is also useful plant... So, the aroma of jasmine has a beneficial effect on people's well-being: it reduces their aggression, improves sleep, and relieves nervous tension.
Tea made from jasmine flowers is a good drink for relieving stress, but tea with leaves is invigorating and healthy in the morning.
The healing properties of jasmine are used with might and main southern countries... So, the Chinese do not use black tea, but enjoy green tea with the addition of jasmine, and without sugar. For a restful, sound sleep, dried jasmine flowers are used, which are filled with special pillows placed at the head of the bed. Dried jasmine flowers are also used to flavor the baths. The essential oil obtained from jasmine is known for its properties: it is used in the perfumery and cosmetic industries. In addition, it has and medicinal properties: heals wounds well, relieves headaches, serves as a good antidepressant, improves blood circulation, when rubbed during massage reduces muscle pain, relieves cramps.
However, it must be remembered that jasmine can cause allergies, there are a number of other contraindications. Therefore, before self-medication, consult your doctor.
More material on the topic of the section.
Family: olive, or olive (Oleaceae).
Homeland: tropics and subtropics of the Earth.
The form: bush.
Description
Jasmine is an upright or climbing shrub, reaching a height of 1 to 3 meters, and sometimes more. It should not be confused with the widespread in Russian gardens (Philadelphus), mistakenly called jasmine due to some similarity of aromas. The genus numbers, according to various sources, from 200 to 300 species, which are subdivided into evergreen and deciduous.
The green or dark green petioled leaves of jasmine can be simple, trifoliate, or pinnate. Tubular fragrant flowers jasmine form corymbose or semi-umbellate inflorescences and, depending on the species, can consist of 5-12 petals and are white, pinkish or yellow in color. Species cultivated in open ground bloom in May-July. Jasmine fruits are spherical or elliptical berries that ripen in August - September.
The most popular types of jasmine:
or Jasmine white (J. officinale) is a deciduous vine with woody shoots and feathery leaves. The flowers are white, very fragrant, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. This species is suitable for growing in the garden, provided it is protected from frost. One of the popular varieties of medicinal jasmine is "Aureum" with creamy yellow spots on the leaves.
Bush jasmine (J. fruticans) - evergreen or deciduous shrub up to 1 meter tall. The leaves are trifoliate, dark green. The flowers are bright yellow, collected in semi-umbellate inflorescences. Unpretentious. It is frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures up to - 25 ° С. Decorative.
Growing conditions
Most types of jasmine are thermophilic, they are afraid of frost and can be cultivated in open ground only in the south of Russia in the subtropical climate. However, some species can also be grown in the garden.
Garden jasmine prefers sunny exposure, often needs support. The plant is unpretentious to the composition of the soil, but on fertile loose neutral or slightly acidic soils it blooms more luxuriantly and abundantly. As for the water regime, for jasmine the best way suitable areas where groundwater rises close to the surface.
Application
Jasmine - very effective for a long time flowering shrub, therefore, its garden varieties will be appropriate in almost any area. Plants look great both in group and in single landings... Vines are great for decorating fences. Jasmine bushes are excellent material for and wings, and their dense thickets can strengthen the slope, making it more attractive.
Long flowering is a good reason for planting jasmine c. Planting jasmine in the garden of aromas is very appropriate, and for the medicinal jasmine there will certainly be a place in the garden of medicinal plants.
Container varieties of jasmine - Jasmine multi-flowered (J. polyanthum), Jasmine sambac, aka Jasmine Indian or Japanese Jasmine (J. sambac), Jasmine primrose (J. primulinum), Jasmine brilliant, aka Jasmine starry (J. nitidum), Jasmine royal (J. rex) - can also become spectacular decoration garden. They can be successfully grown as tub plants, and in the warm season they can be planted with them in yards, terraces, open areas.
In addition to landscape design, jasmine finds its use in perfumery and Food Industry as well as in homeopathy. So, jasmine flowers are used to flavor tea, essential oil is used in aromatherapy, and medicinal jasmine root is used to make preparations for headaches.
Care
Jasmine care is not difficult even for novice gardeners. It is enough for the plant to provide timely watering, the frequency of which is regulated depending on the season. Instances growing in poor soils may need additional feeding. Fertilize them with potash mixtures. Excellent fertilizer for jasmine is also wood ash.
Another aspect of care is jasmine pruning. Dry, diseased, underdeveloped and simply extra branches are harvested in the spring. Both shrubs and vines tolerate this procedure well. For better branching, the tops of the regrown shoots are pinched, leaving 6-8 pairs of leaves.
Reproduction
Jasmine seeds in gardening practice are not often used for plant cultivation; this method is more often used by breeders. For the propagation of jasmine in garden plots, simpler and more effective vegetative technologies are usually used.
The propagation method using layering is suitable for almost all types of jasmine. It is practiced in the spring and summer. The branches of the plant are bent to the ground, slightly dripped in and, if necessary, fixed with hooks. Rooting time 1.5-2 months.
Jasmine cuttings are also propagated in spring and summer. At the beginning of the season, last year's lignified shoots are used, and in summer, green ones. Cuttings are immersed in a solution of root, heteroauxin or other phytohormones for a couple of hours, then placed in a mixture of peat and coarse sand. For the rooting time (about one month), the container with cuttings can be covered with foil or placed in a bright, warm place where the temperature will not drop below + 20 ° C. If the cuttings are rooted in the garden, then they are covered with jars or plastic bottles on top.
Some varieties of jasmine are also propagated by dividing the rhizome.
Diseases and pests
Jasmine diseases are quite rare. One of possible problems- early yellowing leaves. It is associated with a lack of nutrients in the soil. The solution is to feed the plants with potash fertilizers.
Jasmine can amaze spider mite, aphid, mealybug. To combat these pests, the plant is sprayed with insecticides, if necessary, re-treatment is carried out.
Blooming chubushnik or, as the people persistently continue to call it, jasmine will not leave anyone indifferent. For 2-3 weeks he becomes the real king of the garden, eclipsing everyone with snow-white beauty and intoxicating fragrance. A description of the varieties of chubushnik with a photo will help everyone who is in love with this shrub to find their plant - tall or dwarf, with simple or double inflorescences, smelling strongly or with a barely noticeable aroma. Gardeners love to collect chubushnik collections, extending the "jasmine period" up to 2 months.
The quintessence of tenderness and pristine purity
Natural species perspective for landscaping
Majority natural species chubushnik, and there are about 50 of them - representatives of the temperate zone, although in Russian gardens there are no more than 4-5. Among their advantages are natural endurance and vitality, adaptability to cold climates, annual and long flowering, rich aroma.
- Common mock-orange is a multi-stemmed, vigorous shrub, in its adult form forms a spreading fountain 3-4 m high. It opens the flowering period of garden jasmines. The flowers are simple, white with a light cream shade, fragrant. Among the advantages of the species is winter hardiness (up to -25⁰ C). The genotype of the plant formed the basis for many varieties, the first of which was the Virginian or Virginian mock-orange.
- Ch. Large-flowered came to Russia more than two hundred years ago. As the name suggests, the main advantage is the large snow-white flowers, although the aroma is weaker than that of C. ordinary. It will bloom two weeks later, but the outfit does not drop for almost a month.
- C. fluffy is unusual narrow shape crowns with vertically growing shoots. The flowers are medium-sized, with a faint aroma, more bell-shaped in shape than others. Differs in an abundance of inflorescences located not only at the top, but also along the entire length of the shoots of past years. Blooms almost all of July.
- Chubushnik is a crown welcome guest in the gardens of the Moscow region, where it is more often represented by dwarf and variegated forms. In its natural form, it is also good - slender, spreading, the flowers are quite large (up to ø4.5 cm), with a creamy shade, they smell delicious. Withstands low temperatures(-25⁰ C), in case of freezing, quickly recovers.
- Ch. Small-leaved - a low (up to 1.5 m) shrub, during flowering, completely covered with small flowers, smelling of strawberries with notes of pineapple. It formed the basis of many Lemoine varieties.
Note! Sometimes Lemoine's chubushniki are distinguished as a separate species. This is a group of varieties and hybrids bred by the French company Lemoine on the basis of wild plants - Ch. Ordinary, small-leaved, etc. It is represented by a large assortment with double and semi-double flowers.
Crown mockery forms picturesque thickets in a small private garden and city landscaping
Beautiful flowering varieties
When choosing a chubushnik for a garden, it is difficult not to get lost in the abundance of varieties. They can be conditionally divided into two groups - with simple flowers and multi-petal (double, semi-double). The former are usually more fragrant, the latter more elegant. Although there are exceptions, especially among the old Lemoine and Vekhov varieties - terry and pleasantly smelling.
With simple colors
Varietal jasmine with simple flowers in many ways resembles natural species, but does not repeat them, but represents an improved version.
Interesting! The French variety Avalanche was improved by the Soviet breeder N. Vekhov. This is how the Snow Avalanche chubushnik turned out. He "added" winter hardiness to him - new variety tolerates frosty winters more easily, blooms one of the first.
With multi-petaled (double) flowers
Terry chubushniki won the hearts of more than one gardener. They are so elegant that even the lack of scent in some cultivars does not diminish their popularity. On the contrary, it makes the culture available, for example, to allergy sufferers.
- Chubushnik Snowstorm is a strong, tall (up to 3 m) shrub with small but double flowers. Dazzling white fluffy inflorescences from a distance resemble freshly fallen snow flakes. Elongated, drooping, like wet petals work for this association. Belongs to the category winter-hardy varieties, can be grown without shelter.
Luxury Sultans of the Blizzard
- Chubushnik Virginal is a veteran among terry varieties, which began its march across Europe more than 100 years ago. Vertical shoots form a fireworks bush 2–2.5 m high, decorated with loose tassels, each of which contains up to 9 fluffy bells. Good winter hardiness, but not for winters with 40-degree frosts.
- Chubushnik Ermine mantle will appeal to lovers of low-growing compact shrubs. Only 0.8–1 m high, it grows a large number of thin lateral branches with generative buds, due to which the whole bush is covered with flowers in summer. Corolla 2.5–3 cm in diameter consists of two rows of petals, the inner ones being narrower than the outer ones. The ermine mantle has the longest flowering period - up to 1.5 months.
The flowing whips of the mock-orange Manteau dʹErmin are very similar to ermine tails.
- Chubushnik Pearl got its name for the unusual pearlescent shine of the petals, collected in thick milky-white roses up to 6 cm in diameter. The bush itself is medium-sized, bright green, blooms in the second half of June. Another feature of the variety is a pleasant vanilla aroma.
Pearl inflorescences of Lemoine Pearls
- Chubushnik Mont Blanc is a large spreading shrub, in adult form, skeletal shoots slightly droop, as if forming an arch. Creamy fragrant flowers are collected in bouquets of 3 to 9 pieces, retain their decorative effect for 3–3.5 weeks. One of the Lemoine varieties that has successfully passed the test in the conditions of the middle lane.
- Chubushnik Komsomolets stands out against the background of other terry varieties early start flowering (almost simultaneously with the Snow avalanche). Its flowers are graceful, with narrow, slightly curved petals. They are collected in short and dense clusters, located at the tops of last year's shoots.
- Chubushnik Shneeshturm is a young generation descended from the Virginal variety. A tall three-meter bush with thin weeping shoots is spectacular in bloom. Huge fluffy bouquets are made of large (ø4.5–5 cm) pure white flowers, similar to a semi-dispersed rose.
Variety Shneesturm is a stately terry handsome man!
- Chubushnik Minnesota Snowflake is a slender two-meter shrub with snow-white flowers, collected in bunches of 5 pieces. The variety is recognizable by the shape of the flower - the round petals of the outer row of the corolla frame the narrow inner ones. Among other advantages - frost resistance, early flowering.
- Chubushnik Zhirandol is a low, compact variety with good resistance to adverse weather factors. Flowers are large and densely double, in closed resemble rosebuds. The smell is subtle, but pleasant.
Stylish "roses" of the French variety Girandol
It is interesting! The non-flowering ones stand apart undersized varieties chubushnikov - Gnome and Dwarf, bred by Vekhov as a curb bush. This is a great alternative to box trees, which are not quite suitable for our climate.
Jasmine Varieties Fair
Concept the best varieties Chubushnik everyone understands in his own way. Someone puts it first decorative qualities... How north of the region, the more important is the winter hardiness of the culture. And the owners of small gardens appreciate compact forms in plants. Let's try to approach the selection of varieties flowering shrub complex.
Winter hardy
Many natural species of shrubs and what we call folk selection "walk" in Russian gardens. This garden jasmine most adapted to cold winters, almost does not freeze out. Of the natural species, Ch. Ordinary, Ch. Crown, Ch. Fluffy are adapted to the conditions of the middle zone.
Further, in the rating of endurance, there is a mock-orange of domestic varieties with simple flowers, they are more winter-hardy than terry ones. The chances of survival in cold winter Yunnat, Airborne Assault, Arctic, Snow Avalanche will have more. But the Lemoine Avalanche (Avalanche) is unlikely to withstand more than -15⁰ С.
Terry varieties are initially more pampered and capricious, they freeze more often, especially young shoots. Of the Lemoine mockers in Russia, Ermine mantle, Mont Blanc, Dam Blanche, Innocent, Minnesota Snowflake, Girandole have taken root well. Winter-hardy domestic varieties from the terry collection - Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Moonlight, Academician Komarov, Ballet of Moths, Snowstorm.
A snowstorm is not afraid of frost and cold
Fragrant
For gourmets who love delicious flavors in flowers, they will like the mock-orange varieties with a strong smell. The undisputed leader among them is Avalanche. Intense strawberry aroma with an admixture of pineapple in hybrids Airborne, Junnat, Bouquet Blanche, Mont Blanc, Snow avalanche, Erectus, the Pearl variety smells of vanilla.
Note! Very beautiful, but almost no smell of chubushniks Academician Komarov Ballet of Moths, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Charm, Elbrus.
Bicolor
Now it has become fashionable to plant two-color varieties of jasmine. There are not so many of them, almost all of them are created on the basis of Ch. Ordinary, which has a pale pink spot at the base of the corolla. Here are some representatives of this group.
- Bicolor is a low bush, dotted with single and collected in inflorescences of 2-3 pieces of large white flowers with a pink base.
- Chubushnik Bel Etoile is one of the most fashionable two-tone varieties in Europe. The flower itself is medium in size, simple, but the crimson center gives it a special showiness.
- Unusual is our variety and fully justifies its name. It is frost-resistant, flowers with a bright purple center, have a strong and pleasant smell.
Fashionable and effective two-tone hybrid Belle Etoile
Adapted
The beauty of this shrub is that most varieties thrive in our climate. Frozen bushes are fairly easy to restore. Unfortunately, the threat to the chubushnik is not so much a stable minus as a sharp cold snap or return frosts in the spring.
When choosing varieties of chubushnik for a garden in the Moscow region, proceed from their winter hardiness. The most hardy cultivars in this regard are Snowstorm, Airborne assault, Snow avalanche, Moonlight, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Of Lemoine's chubushniks, the hybrid Pyramidal, Mont Blanc, Glacier will not freeze.
Russian varieties of chubushnik are also suitable for the Urals, but Lemoine hydrides will regularly freeze out. Still, if you really want to, there is an option to plant undersized forms, for example, Ermine mantle, Girandol, Camomile and cover them for the winter.
Video about the types and varieties of chubushnik:
Jasmine (lat.Jasminum) - evergreen shrub, which belongs to the department angiosperms, class dicotyledonous, order luciferous, olive family, genus jasmine.
Jasmine: description, characteristics, photo. What does jasmine look like?
In appearance, this plant is easy to distinguish from other representatives of its genus: it is an erect or climbing shrub with a thin and smooth stem, which is covered with trifoliate, simple, dark green, pinnate leaves. The stem ends with large flowers of the correct shape. Jasmine flowers (umbrella or single) are collected in shields, which, depending on the type of plant, are lateral or apical. The aroma of jasmine is very pleasant and delicate, but in a small room (for example, at home), the smell can become highly concentrated and lead to headaches.
The corolla of a jasmine flower is long, resembling a narrow tube, inside which there are 2 thin threads that grow together and turn into a berry - this is the fruit of the plant, however, it is strictly forbidden to eat it. The flower can be different in color - white, pink or yellow. The shade directly depends on the type of plant and the area where it grows.
Jasmine is a beautiful ampelous plant. With proper care, the lower part of its stem is gradually covered with wood, so the plant is often used as a decorative ornament that blooms every year and does not need painstaking care.
Jasmine is often confused with the chubushnik shrub, which belongs to the Hortensia family. Here is a photo of a chubushnik:
Types and varieties of jasmine, names and photos.
In nature, there are types and varieties of jasmine, differing in colors, the structure of the stem, leaves and flowers, as well as the height of the shrubs.
The following colors of this plant are distinguished:
- white jasmine;
- yellow jasmine;
- pink jasmine.
The genus of jasmine currently has about 300 species, each of which has features and nuances in care. The most common types are:
Flattened jasmine (lat.Jasminum decussatum).
This representative of the olive family is a small shrub. Leaves are light green, lanceolate and pinnate. The flowers of this type of jasmine are fragrant, beautiful, of a pale purple hue.
Shrub jasmine (Latin Jasminum fruticans) - erect type of jasmine, which is a bush with a height of 1.5 meters. The stem is flexible, rod-shaped; branches are smooth and rather thin. The leaves are usually paired with two leaves. Shrub jasmine blooms in semi-umbrellas, which are located on the side branches.
Jasmine Lerata (lat.Jasminum leratii).
The height of an adult jasmine shrub can be up to 3.5 meters. Unlike other types of jasmine, Lerata is endowed with green and long stems, dark green lanceolate leaves, and small white flowers that have a pleasant mint scent.
Jasmine multiflorous or polyanthous (lat.Jasminumpolyanthum).
This shrub can be safely called a climbing jasmine, as its branches are drooping and strongly expanding in width. The height of an adult plant is 1-3 meters. The leaves, branches and stems of the multiflorous jasmine are covered with fine hairs, which give the shrub a gray-green hue. The flowers of this variety of jasmine look like stars and are collected in bunches. They are able to bloom along the entire length of the stem, as well as at its end. This type of jasmine blooms almost all year round, spreading a pleasant aroma.
Medicinal jasmine (white jasmine) (Latin Jasminum officinale) - climbing type of jasmine, which is endowed with thin, long and angular branches. The leaves are paired, smooth. The flowers are fragrant, white, growing on thin pedicels. As the name suggests, some parts of this type of jasmine can be used as a medicinal raw material.
Jasmine sambac (Arabic or Indian jasmine) (lat.Jasminum sambac)- evergreen curly type of jasmine. Leaves are leathery, simple, oval or ovoid, 2 to 10 cm long. Sambac jasmine flowers are white, very fragrant, simple, semi-double or double-shaped, collected in few-flowered brushes. Single flowers are less common. Jasmine flower cup - about 1 cm. B favorable conditions some varieties can bloom all year round. The following varieties of jasmine sambac are distinguished – "Grand Duke of Tuscany", "Arab Knights", "Beauty of India", " Virgin of orleans"," Mali Chat ".
Chinese jasmine (lat.Jasminum grandiflorum) – evergreen type of jasmine, which is a shrub or liana up to 10 meters high with bright green leaves and very fragrant white flowers.
Where does jasmine grow?
Jasmine grows in tropical areas of Australia, South America, Africa, Asia and the Mediterranean region. The shrub grows only in warm climates, because only thanks to the warmth the flower blooms and multiplies. There are 2 types of jasmine growing in Europe and Russia - white medicinal jasmine and yellow shrub jasmine.
When does jasmine bloom?
Jasmine blooms, depending on its species in different time however, most often profuse flowering starts in early or mid June. Newly planted jasmine shrubs begin to bloom in 2-4 years of their growth, but with proper care and constant feeding, the plant can begin to bloom a little earlier.
Jasmine: growing and care. Planting jasmine.
Many gardeners ask themselves the question: "How to plant jasmine?" It is recommended to plant this plant in early spring or at the end of autumn. The jasmine bush grows especially quickly and well on fertile land, since it does not like stagnant moisture and excessive amounts groundwater.
Before planting the jasmine, it is recommended that you dig up the ground well to mix the top and bottom layers. Then you need to dig a hole, the depth of which will be at least 50 cm. In order for the jasmine to grow better, it is recommended to sprinkle the bottom of the hole with nitrophosphate. When filling in the roots, it is worth remembering that the root collar should be deepened by no more than 3 cm. After planting, the jasmine bush should be watered abundantly.
If you are planting a bush that is already large in size, you can immediately tie it to a stick dug in the hole so that the jasmine grows even and tall, because many of its species are endowed with flexible stems, which at the initial stage of growth can take on an incorrect position.
Jasmine: care, pruning, watering, feeding.
In order for jasmine to delight with magnificent flowering every year, it needs care, which consists in correct pruning, watering, feeding the bush and other activities:
- loosening the soil in the root circle- 2 times per summer;
- mulching;
- watering- in the summer heat, a young jasmine bush needs at least 30-40 liters of water in two days, otherwise its leaves will quickly wither;
- removal of wilted flowers;
- annual thinning and pruning... Because very dense bush jasmine with many shoots will bloom poorly, you need to thin it out, due to which a strong young growth will form, on which many flowers appear. Jasmine pruning can be done in early spring, before the plant has bloomed, or after flowering. To rejuvenate the bush, strong jasmine branches are cut in half, and less developed ones are cut right at the ground. After that, the sections must be immediately processed with garden varnish. Throughout the summer, the bush needs to be watered and fed, and next spring new shoots should be removed, leaving 2-3 shoots on each stump. A completely renewed jasmine bush will begin to bloom only after 2 years.
- Jasmine dressing: in the spring, the plant should be fed, so wood ash and nitrophosphate should be added under the bushes. Jasmine also responds well to feeding. organic fertilizers- a bucket of manure must be diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10. For one plant, 15-20 liters of such feeding will be enough every 20-25 days. As a mineral supplement for jasmine, a solution of 10 g of urea, 30 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium sulfate diluted in 10 liters of water is suitable.
- Protecting jasmine from pests and diseases: under inappropriate growing conditions, aphids or spider mites can settle on the shrub, which will infect jasmine leaves. To combat insect pests, the diseased plant must be sprayed with a fungicide. Read more about aphids and methods of dealing with it.
Reproduction of jasmine.
Answering the question of how to propagate jasmine, it should be noted that there is nothing difficult in this process, because this can be done in several ways:
- root layers;
- dividing the bush;
- cuttings;
- seeds.
If the first two methods do not present any special problems, then it is worth learning more about the propagation of jasmine by cuttings and seeds.
In both cases, a mixed soil is required, composed of two parts of peat and one part of leafy soil and humus. Lignified cuttings of the growth of the first year need to be cut in the fall, keeping them in a dry basement or cellar, and in the spring they should be planted in the ground. The bottom cut of the jasmine cut should be oblique, and only 2-3 buds should remain on the soil surface. The soil must be constantly kept moist, and if you put these cuttings in a greenhouse, they will take root even faster.
When propagating by seeds, they must first be stratified (hardened by cold). In March, jasmine seeds should be placed in a container with soil and then sprinkled with sand a little. On top, put glass or thick plastic wrap that will prevent the soil from drying out. Jasmine seeds are often watered with a spray bottle or fine sieve, and the glass or film coating is rubbed and turned over. After 10 days, seedlings will appear, which later will need to be cut down and protected from the strong sun, and when they grow up - transplanted into open ground.
