Forms of class hours and activities. Forms of extracurricular activities. The main forms of conducting class hours in elementary school

KGKOU SKSHI 8 types 13

Performance

at school MO:

"Innovative forms of holding class hours»

Teacher

Ekaterinchuk Ludmila

Leonidovna

year 2013

Crossing the threshold of the school, the student finds himself on a huge, new planet for him - the Planet of people. He will have to master the ABC of communication with them, find out why they are all so different, by what rules they live, what they value in each other. Here the main role will be played by the teacher, who is obliged to think over the educational work in the classroom. One of the forms of educational work is a class hour.

“A class hour is a form of frontal educational work that is flexible in composition and structure, which is socially organized communication outside school hours. class teacher with the students of the class in order to promote the formation of the class team and the development of its members.

The class teacher is engaged in the main educational and organizational work in the classroom. His responsibilities include not only creating favorable conditions for personal development student, but also effective help in solving psychological problems that arise in a child in communication with other students, parents and teachers. The class teacher is, as it were, an intermediary between the student and society, helping to build relationships in the team through a variety of activities that contribute to the self-expression of each student and his development as an individual.

Participating in the formation of the primary children's team in the classroom, the class teacher must take on the role of leader, mentor, guardian and friend of his wards. He must be able to inspire the children, understand their needs, be an assistant, and not only organize, but also actively participate in the collective creative activities of his class.

Extracurricular communication between the class teacher and students occupies a very important place in educational work. At the same time, the class hour is one of the most common ways of organizing such communication. Despite the fact that a certain time is allotted for it in the school schedule, the class hour is not inherently a lesson. And communication on it can be attributed to extracurricular activities.

It is usually held every week. It can last like a regular lesson, but this is not a prerequisite. Sometimes 15-20 minutes is enough to cover a topic. Other topics require longer communication.Distinguish class hour organizational and thematic.

It differs in that it is dedicated to a specific topic. Such communication is more holistic and complete, helps to focus students' attention on specific things, without being scattered over trifles. A class hour on a specific topic is more effective than just an informal meeting. He is knowledgeable. The topic itself is very convenient to use to achieve certain pedagogical goals during communication.

There is a wide variety of forms that the class teacher can use to organize communication on thematic class hours. The choice of form depends on:1) the goal that the teacher set for this meeting with students;2) age of schoolchildren;3) existing conditions and available funds;4) experience of the teacher.

The following forms of holding thematic classroom hours are most common:

1) conversation on a specific topic (students talk on a given topic, which teaches them to form and express their opinion);

2) discussion, dispute, debate , (the class is divided into groups whose representatives speak out in defense of opposing positions on this issue; this form helps to involve students in the discussion of various problems, teaches them to listen and understand the opinions of others, to defend their point of view);

3) advisory groups (the class is divided into small groups, each of which discusses a given topic or problem for a short period of time, then the representative of the group reports the conclusions made by his team; a similar form of holding class hour promotes communication within the group, the development of thinking in children, the ability to work in a team, make independent discoveries when studying the material);

4) role-playing game (the problem situation is played briefly, after which the students have the opportunity to discuss it, analyze it and draw conclusions; this form helps to better understand the problem, feeling it through playing a particular role);

5) thematic lecture (topics important for schoolchildren are revealed, such as smoking, drug addiction, safety, health, etc.; in addition, lectures can be informative - about culture, traditions, biographies, etc.);

6) lecture forum (discussion of the topic after the lecture - enlivens the lecture itself, stimulates students to show interest in the information provided);

7) class meeting (responsibilities are distributed among students, various assignments are given, reports on the implementation of these assignments are heard);

8) hour of communication (this form involves consideration of topics of interest to students, solving problems that have arisen in the class through their discussion; teaches students to be frank with each other and the teacher, not be afraid and be able to resolve conflict situations);

9) Questions and answers (the teacher and students have the opportunity to ask each other any questions they are interested in, which contributes to the development of relations between them, openness and helps to solve emerging problems);

10) excursion (allows you to usefully organize the leisure of students);

11) travel games (develop the imagination of students, help in a playful way to expand their horizons);

12) trainings (they teach schoolchildren the correct behavior in certain situations, consolidating this in practice through playing certain scenarios);

13) conferences (they teach schoolchildren to take certain issues seriously, work independently with information material, prepare a topic, speak to an audience);

14) symposium, symposium forum (several children are offered material to speak on various aspects of the topic under consideration; after the symposium, an informal discussion of the topic by the whole group can be held);

15) seminar (the class is working on a research topic under the guidance of an expert);

16) commission, commission forum (several children who are well prepared on a given topic participate in a free discussion of this topic in front of the whole class, discussions are possible, followed by a discussion of the information heard by all students);

17) master classes (students are divided into interest groups led by several experts, in groups specific topics are discussed; such groups can be organized to listen to various speeches, watch demonstrations, discuss different aspects of one topic, work, practice and assessment);

18) working groups (all students of the class are divided into groups, before which are placed certain tasks which they must complete; such groups encourage students to cooperate and communicate with each other);

19) theatrical performances (develop the creative potential of students, contribute to their cultural education);

20) games similar to television shows, such as KVN, Brain Ring, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Finest Hour, etc.(in an interesting form for students, cognitive material is presented, participation in teams develops the ability to unite).

This is far from full list possible forms of conducting class hours. You can use any new forms available in school conditions. The main thing is that the students should be interested and the class hour will achieve the goals set by the leader.

The structure of the thematic class hour.

The class hour consists of three main parts:

Introduction

This part should attract the attention of schoolchildren and concentrate it on the topic under consideration. It highlights the importance of the issue under discussion, its significance in the life of every person and society as a whole. At this stage, it is necessary to try to form a serious attitude towards thematic communication among schoolchildren.

In the introduction, the transition from the known to the unknown is often used. If everything the teacher says is well known to the children, they will not be interested in listening. It will be difficult to hold attention for a long time in this case.

Main part

Here the topic itself is revealed using such methods and forms that help to achieve the educational goals set by the class teacher. When presenting the material, it is necessary to constantly remember the main topic. Details enrich the presentation, but one should not devote too much time to describing the details, otherwise the attention of the listeners will be weakened, scattered. Here it is useful to use predetermined key points so as not to deviate from the presentation of the topic. In the main part of the classroom, it is desirable to use illustrations, visual material, but not too often, otherwise the interest of students may decrease.

Final part

This is the culmination of class. In the final part, the results of communication are summed up, conclusions are drawn, it is desirable that the students themselves participate in their determination (this contributes to self-education).

Educational goals of the classroom

They have different educational purposes.

First, they can be used to create appropriate conditions for students to express their individuality and creativity.

The second goal of the class hour is to give schoolchildren knowledge about the world around them, its problems, society, man, nature, etc.; teach to take part in the discussion of socially important issues, resolve conflict situations, social and world problems, understand political situations, etc.

Another educational goal is to give students moral and ethical education, to form the right attitude towards universal values, to educate a mature personality, emotionally and morally resistant to negative life manifestations.

An important goal of the class hour is also the creation of a healthy classroom team that could become a favorable environment for the social, emotional and intellectual development of students.

At the organizational hour, the results of the past event are summed up, the next one is discussed, and the results of the children's assignments are also discussed.

Classroom performs functions:

educational

orienting

guide

formative.

essence educational function is that the class hour provides an opportunity to expand the range of knowledge of students that are not reflected in the curriculum. This knowledge may contain information about events taking place in the city, in the country and abroad. The object of class hour discussion can be any phenomenon or event.

Orienting function contributes to the formation of a certain attitude to the surrounding world and the development of a hierarchy of material and spiritual values. Helps to evaluate the phenomena occurring in the surrounding world.

Enlightening and orienting functions are closely related, because You cannot teach students to evaluate phenomena with which they are not familiar. Although sometimes the class hour performs an exclusively orienting function: when discussing a well-known event.

Guiding function designed to translate the discussion of a phenomenon into the real experience of students.

Formative function develops in students the skills of thinking and evaluating their actions and themselves, helps in developing skillful dialogue and expression, defending their own opinions.

To select the topic and content of the class hour, the class teacher needs to identify the age characteristics of students, their moral ideas, interests, etc. This can be done, for example, with the help of questionnaires or conversations.

Should be considered psychological features students’ perception of the material, monitor their attention and, when it decreases, use material that is interesting in content or pose a “sharp” question, use a musical pause, change the type of activity.

But what is innovation?

Innovation- this is an introduced innovation that provides a qualitative increase in the efficiency of processes or products demanded by the market. Is the ultimate of man, his imagination, creative process, discoveries, inventions and rationalization.

In our correctional school, most of the above are innovative forms of conducting a class hour. We have mentally retarded children. We gradually apply them in our work.

V Lately New technologies have covered almost all spheres of human activity. New needs have influenced human values. There was a need to use ICT as a communication tool, to increase the availability of information and other aspects. Of course, everyone will agree that the computer has become widely used by man in many ways. The school environment is no exception.

Using ICT, I, as a class teacher, can prepare a variety of materials for use directly during the class hour, extracurricular activities. Information Technology allow me to diversify the forms of work with students, make them creative, simplifies the process of communication with students. The introduction of ICT into extracurricular activities is an increase in the interest of many students, and I use this resource to intensify educational work in the new conditions.

So, the classroom hour is a form of educational work of the class teacher in the classroom, in which students take part in specially organized activities that contribute to the formation of their system of relations to the outside world.

The concept of the types of extracurricular activities. Classrooms, as already noted, are usually held with a constant composition of students, according to a predetermined schedule and are mandatory. But, along with compulsory training sessions, outside the school day in schools and other educational institutions various forms of educational work are used, which are voluntary for students and are designed to satisfy their various cognitive and creative needs. These forms of voluntary training are called extracurricular or extracurricular. The concept of extra-curricular activities indicates that the full composition of the class is not required to conduct these classes, that students of different classes can participate in them at their own request, that they are held outside the schedule of compulsory training sessions. In this sense, the forms of extracurricular educational work include: subject circles, scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, etc.

Creative activity. The leading forms of creative activity are circles, creative associations, studios, electives, workshops in creative workshops, physical culture sections. Accompanying forms of creative activity include reading, spectator, and listener conferences, defense of independent reports, mass literary, musical, and theatrical celebrations, and exhibitions of children's works. Local history, folklore expeditions and excursions, school club associations, competitions, competitions, olympiads are used as auxiliary forms. The main system-forming component of activity in these educational forms is children's creativity directed and developed by the teacher.

Among the leading forms that contribute to the development of individual interests and abilities of children are extracurricular activities. They differ from compulsory lessons in their novelty, greater depth of content, and the creation of a psychological attitude in students exclusively for creative, productive assimilation.

Organizational structure circles, creative associations, studios is very diverse, although it is possible to single out fundamental structural elements common to all these forms. These include the division of all work into theoretical, critical-analytical and creative-practical activities. Classes can be conducted both as complex and devoted to only one type of activity. In a theoretical lesson, the material is presented by the teacher or by the children themselves as a result of their preliminary self-study. Students get acquainted with literature, reference books, physical material, receive consultations in libraries, in production, and from specialists. As a result, the theoretical lesson enriches students with new facts, conclusions, and generalizations. This is facilitated by the free communication of circle members, accompanied by incidental questions, short discussions, and the expression of individual opinions.

The critical-analytical structural element becomes dominant in classes devoted to the analysis of works of art, historical documents, facts, research papers, as well as a critical assessment of the creative and practical activities of the students themselves. For example, at the elective course of modern poetry, a special lesson is held on the critical analysis of poems. Students write independent reviews on the work of the poet, and in class they are subjected to critical and analytical discussion. At elective courses in cinema and theater, a critical and analytical analysis of a newly perceived work of art is the main goal and means of forming a culture of perception, cultivating a genuine artistic taste.

The most important element of the optional form is creative and practical classes. They serve as a means of developing creative potential, labor and professional skills and abilities. In the structure of these classes, which include elements of theory and analysis, the main place is given to the creative activity of children: problem solving, discussions, practical work, drawing, writing, reviews, improvisation.

Subject circles and learned societies. The content of the study circles includes: a more in-depth study of individual issues of the curriculum that arouse the interest of students; acquaintance with the life and creative activity of outstanding scientists, writers and other figures of science and culture, with the latest achievements science and technology; holding evenings dedicated to individual scientists or scientific discoveries; organization of technical modeling and experimental work in biology, organization of meetings with researchers, etc.

Recently, the creation of learned societies schoolchildren who unite and coordinate the work of circles, hold mass events dedicated to science and technology, organize competitions and olympiads in various fields of knowledge. Unfortunately, in many schools a long tradition has been lost, when each teacher considered it an honor and duty to conduct circle and other extracurricular work in his subject. Many teachers don't do this anymore.

Subject circles, sections, studios allow you to combine the solution of educational and creatively developing tasks, uniting students in the classroom, both filling in the gaps, deepening their positions, and creatively improving, developing special abilities. Of particular importance are circles, studios, sections for children who are improving in the field of art and physical education. In the curriculum, these subjects are given a very modest place: approximately 5% of the study time. Meanwhile, in their significance, for the comprehensive development of the personality, they deserve a long systematic development by children during all the years of education. Therefore, optional-circle work in art and physical education becomes a mandatory continuation of lesson classes. The structure of forms for the development of art and physical education by children is focused mainly on practical work. The main part of the time is devoted to gymnastic exercises, drawing, singing, mastery of oral and written speech, improvement of technical techniques in sports games. The leading forms of extra-curricular creative activity contribute to solving the problems of in-depth, differentiated, specialized education for schoolchildren.

Accompanying forms of teaching creativity are a variety of reader, spectator, listener conferences, exhibitions, mass holidays, excursions. Conferences on a book, a writer's work, a film, a theatrical or television production, a radio performance put the actual work of art in the center of students' attention, activate their independence in assessment, judgments, and opinions. In the process of preparation, students carefully get acquainted with a work of art and think over performances. In the introductory speech, the teacher outlines the range of the main problems that are discussed in the reports and speeches. Summing up, the teacher focuses on the most important conclusions and generalizations.

Exhibitions dedicated to the results of children's creativity in the field of labor, fine arts, local history and hiking trips. Of great educational importance is preparatory work to which all students are involved. The children themselves act as guides at such exhibitions: they give explanations, answer questions, organize an exchange of experience in creative activities on the spot.

Mass holidays as a form of educational work are organized in the form of days, weeks, months of increased attention to music, fine arts, cinema, theater or the work of an outstanding writer, poet. Among them are weeks of children's books, theater, music, poetry days of Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky, Yesenin. During such holidays, children learn about new works of art, meet writers, artists, composers, get acquainted with their creative plans.

Excursions - a form of organization of learning that allows you to make observations, as well as the study of various objects, phenomena and processes in natural conditions.

Excursion in didactic terms can be used at any stage: both for the purpose of introducing the topic, and as a way of obtaining new information, and for consolidating and deepening existing knowledge. On the tour, all teaching methods are used.

Excursions can be conducted with students of all grades in almost all subjects. In the lower grades, they are of great importance for explanatory reading and, above all, in the study of natural history and acquaintance with the outside world. In the middle and senior grades, when studying the sciences of nature and such subjects as geography and history, they contribute to broadening their horizons and raising the level of morality of students.

In elementary school, this form is the most effective, since elementary school students learn knowledge best when they are directly shown things and phenomena. Excursions in any age group arouse the interest and positive attitude of the participants. In the educational and developmental plan, they contribute to the accumulation of scientific, life facts by schoolchildren, enrich the content of the educational process with visual images, teach the ability to notice, see a separate fact, detail, detail, their place in common system interacting phenomena, develop observation, empirical thinking, memory. Excursions bring up curiosity, attentiveness, visual culture, moral and aesthetic attitude to reality.

Olympiads, competitions, associations of children of interest. To stimulate the educational and cognitive activity of students and develop their creative competitiveness in the study of mathematics, physics, chemistry, the Russian language and literature, foreign language, as well as in technical modeling Olympiads, competitions are held in schools, districts, regions and republics, exhibitions of children's technical creativity are organized. These forms of extracurricular activities are planned in advance, the best students are selected to participate in them, which gives a great impetus to the development of their abilities and inclinations in various fields of knowledge. At the same time, they make it possible to judge the creative nature of teachers' work, their ability to search for and develop talents.

For example, in the 825th school in Moscow, thematic months-complexes of cognitive creative activities were held on any anniversary (Daniel Defoe, Lomonosov). "Robinsonade-86" 4-7 cells. The class goes on a correspondence expedition to a sparsely populated region of the Earth with the task of "living" there for a month and telling the school about it. To prepare and conduct the expedition, the participants study material about the area, collect documents, copies of household items, nature, and keep a diary. On the "return" of the expedition hold a press conference.

Thematic evening for the anniversary of Lomonosov - these are excursions for elementary grades; "What? Where? When?" - for middle classes. High school students conducted an expedition "Moscow-Arkhangelsk-Kholmogory-Moscow", which resulted in exhibitions, reports, and a scientific and educational conference. Within the framework of the month and separately, a didactic theater is held: the creation and staging of a play, the content of which is the knowledge of students in any field of science.

Contests children's drawings, labor crafts, technical structures, olympiads in mathematics, physics, chemistry - an effective form of talent development, revealing the creative abilities of children and their talents. Summing up the results of such competitions, the announcement of the names of the winners takes place publicly in a solemn atmosphere.

Great material for the educational process is provided by special educational expeditions. They are devoted to the collection of folklore, song material, historical information about the revolutionary, military events in the region, region, as well as reconnaissance of the environmental situation, the development of productive forces.

Meeting with traffic police officers. A meeting with representatives of the traffic police can be carried out, at work sites this is the work of a traffic controller, inspection of vehicles, paperwork, passing exams and issuing documents.

Extracurricular forms of organization of education enable schoolchildren through freely chosen spiritual, creative, physical culture, sports, entertainment activities to deeply and diversify to know life, to develop their creative powers. With their help, children acquire rich additional information, life skills, consolidate them with exercises and creative application in practice, develop the ability and desire for creativity, business character traits.

There are a number of scientifically based requirements for extracurricular forms of education:

They should be deeply scientifically meaningful, ideologically and morally saturated, conducive to spiritual enrichment, creativity and physical development child personality;

In their use, a combination of commitment, initiative and voluntariness is necessary, in which fascination is the starting point and a condition for the gradual inclusion of children in activities as a necessity;

The introduction of games, romance, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, literally in all creative, physical culture and sports and entertainment and educational activities, ensuring a healthy spirit of friendly competition, comparison and mutual assistance;

Implementation of development creativity and talents, promoting the formation creative personality child and personality;

Providing moral education that protects children from overestimating their capabilities, developing painful pride, selfishness, neglect of the team and norms of behavior, envy as a result of immoderate praise, their success in sports, in technical, dramatic, choreographic, literary, musical creativity.

Forms and types of cultural and leisure activities, methods of holding various kinds of events have one common skeleton in their structure - these are organizational stages, preparation stages, a rehearsal period, the final stage is the direct implementation of the plan. Cultural events provide free expression and formation of opinions, familiarization with culture, stimulation of creativity, development of spirituality, self-development and self-education. They act as a means of introducing children and adults to joint action according to the plan and themes.

V modern world, where the availability of computer technologies is high, where censorship does not stand up to scrutiny, where the culture of society is getting lower every year, there is a need to hold various kinds of events aimed at self-development, at introducing culture and sports.

The level of education of children, compared with past decades, is becoming an order of magnitude lower. It is enough to read the correspondence of teenagers in chats and see for yourself. Children spend all their free time at the computer, which also negatively affects their physical form.

Children stop reading

Forms of activities for school institutions include educational measures aimed at introducing children to reading. The book has always been a source of information. In the moral, intellectual and aesthetic development of children, its role is indisputable - reading improves literacy, raises the general cultural level, opens up new horizons, emotionally enriches, reveals creativity and, importantly, has a rather strong influence on the formation of the spiritual basis of the individual.

But the more information, computer technologies penetrate into a person's life, the less often children pick up a book. This is primarily due to their unwillingness to read. After all, it is much easier to turn on the tablet and start the game. The book makes you work.

The event for children in the library aims to introduce the child to the world of literature, to show that one can get aesthetic pleasure from reading, to teach the child to empathize with the heroes of the work, to prove that the book and only the book is the only true, inexhaustible source of information, that it can become a friend and adviser. Through literature, children learn to see the good, the reasonable, the eternal.

Organizing an Open Book Day

All organizational and preparatory stages are assigned to the librarian. The program of activities is compiled taking into account the age category of children, the range of interests and current trends. The primary task is to determine the theme and form of the event. Then an approximate scenario of the event is prescribed. To achieve the goal (introducing children to reading and books), there are many different options for its implementation in terms of complexity and laboriousness in preparing. These are various quizzes, literary courts, KVN, circles of literature lovers, book clubs and much more.

As for the form of events, it can be arbitrary, but in any case, it is important to consider the following factors:

• The event should not be overloaded (its duration should correspond to the age category: for children of primary school age - 20-30 minutes, taking into account their restlessness, for older children, adolescents and high school students - about an hour).
• If this is a quiz or competition and all participants present are involved in it, then the questions should be of the optimal level of difficulty. Due to highly complex and overly easy questions or tasks, children will quickly lose interest in the activity.
• An event is not an end in itself, but a means of education.
• The event should be interesting, exciting, evoke strong emotions and feelings among participants and visitors, and stimulate the creative abilities of children.

Library - the foundation of culture

The library is an important social institution of society, the main task of which is the harmonious intellectual and creative development of the younger generation. During the academic year, the library holds many promotions, events, exhibitions; throughout the year, students, book lovers, actively attend literary circles.

Summer camp

In the summer, when the period of games and entertainment comes, when it becomes possible to take a break from school, relieve stress, replenish energy resources, the city authorities, together with teachers, organize a summer school camp.

It plays a very important role in the health and education of children. For children attending the summer camp, the maximum comfortable conditions for a fun and rewarding pastime. The program includes hiking and excursions to the iconic places of the city, holding various quizzes, competitions, and literary games. Children of the senior classes are often attracted to the summer camp as counselors in the younger groups, thereby developing leadership abilities in them. Charging is carried out daily, dances and all kinds of quests are often organized. Children in these camps are often provided with food to replenish the energy expended in active play.

Truth is born in a dispute

The phrase "Truth is born in a dispute" is attributed to Socrates, but at the same time it is said that Socrates "opposed a dialogue to a dispute." Every high school student has a moment when the information about the rules and norms of behavior provided by the teacher is no longer enough for him. A person at this time manifests such qualities as self-esteem, criticality, social activity. There is a desire for self-development, as well as a desire to independently understand difficult situations. At this age, high school students need to debate - this form of extracurricular work helps the student to express his point of view, to defend it.

A literary dispute is a clash of opinions, a divergence of views, a verbal struggle of one participant (dispute-monologue), when one participant argues with himself in the presence of listeners (such a dispute is also called an internal dispute), two or more participants (argument-dialogue) when everyone present participates in a dispute regarding a specific topic.

The leader's task is to determine the form of events, ensure their quality, and involve participants in an organized debate. The main goal is to teach boys and girls to resist opponents, which will positively affect their adulthood when, having already left the care of parents and teachers, they, falling into spontaneous disputes, will be able to adequately withstand and prove themselves. The ability to behave correctly in a dispute, to defend one's point of view can also help in the future when applying for a job. Such debates are held among schoolchildren in order to develop emotional stamina in front of an opponent, the ability to control their emotions during a heated argument.

Choosing the right profession is half the success

A way to help a student, a teenager, approaching the final stage of education in a comprehensive school, at least to a small extent decide on the direction of further education and profession, is an event that is often called an Open Day. Such events have become a good tradition and are held in all higher (and not only) educational institutions at least once a year. On this day, parents and students visit various universities.

The purpose of the event is to convey information about a particular educational institution that is important for the future student, applicant, highlighting its advantages and benefits. Naturally, for an educational institution hosting this event, this is a guarantee of attracting as much as possible more students, there is a commercial benefit here. But for parents who are unsuccessfully trying to persuade their child to devote themselves to a particular profession, this is a chance to clearly demonstrate all of its positive sides and encourage the child to make the right decision.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of such an event as Open Doors Day. It has mass good points, and for everyone - both for the organizers and for the visitors. In addition to the informative part of the event, guests will have a tour of the classrooms, the opportunity to communicate with future teachers and other students, learn from them about their successes, and much more. This means that this provides a unique opportunity to change a decision that has been suddenly made or to once again make sure that it is correct. Therefore, the applicant should definitely visit the chosen university on the open day.

Extracurricular activities as a means of education

Another important component of the educational process is such an educational event as an extracurricular activity conducted directly by a teacher or teacher with the aim of direct educational impact on children. The organization of extracurricular activities in the subject contributes to more successful learning, and also ensures the comprehensive and harmonious development of children. This corresponds to one of the main ideas of the educational process.

Carrying out extra-curricular activities contributes to building a bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and forms professional qualities. A developing educational event contributes to the identification and development of individual abilities, the disclosure of creative potentials through the involvement of schoolchildren in the implementation of various projects.

A feature of extracurricular activities is the absence of any strict regulations in the choice of means and methods. In most cases, the control of the results is carried out empirically, based on the observation of the team.

Brainstorm

Since ancient times, various kinds of intellectual games have been held as cultural and leisure activities. Chess, checkers, mahjong are considered one of the most ancient such entertainments. These are forms of children's leisure activities, where erudition is the main tool. In such games, as a rule, it is required to answer questions relating to various areas of human life, and the winner is awarded with some kind of prize. Such games are very common: “Own game”, “Intellectual Olympiads”, “What? Where? When?" and many others.

As a form of the educational process, such an event is able to turn the quite serious intellectual employment of students into a holiday, an exciting action in which not only children of elementary grades, but also high school students take part with pleasure.

The forms of holding events of an intellectual nature, in contrast to serious subject Olympiads, are more interesting and exciting. Intellectual games cover a wide range of human activities. The purpose of their implementation in educational institutions of various levels is to identify abilities and stimulate the development of the creative potential of students. They help teach children to think outside the box, make unexpectedly right decisions in a limited time, allow children to express themselves, apply knowledge and skills in specific situations. The participation of children in intellectual games allows you to broaden your horizons, train erudition and logical thinking. Indeed, without proper nourishment, even the brightest talent will eventually come to naught.

Sport - is life

Sports events and mass forms of sports for the development of a strong body and a healthy spirit in the younger generation play an important role. The main goal of sports events is to popularize sports, as it is the key to the health of the nation. Physical activities distract young people from addictions, instill worthy qualities, contribute to the formation of sustainable mental health (sport helps people with disabilities adapt to normal life, taking into account their individual features). Sports activities help channel the physical aggression of teenagers in a peaceful direction.

The history of sports dates back to ancient times, when the idea was born of the ancient Romans to hold the Olympic Games. Such activities help to generate the energy of the group and direct it to the implementation of positive social action, eliminating the danger of destruction. established order. By holding sports competitions, you can surprisingly rally the members of one group and create a real team! Now, in addition to standard competitions, such as wrestling, running, shooting, and so on, the most unimaginable and ridiculous sports competitions appear, nevertheless interesting and useful.

As part of the school program for the physical training of children, sports propaganda teams are organized annually in the form of a music and sports festival, in which children who promote a healthy lifestyle take part.

Holiday for everyone

A large number of people, sometimes the population of the whole city, take part in cultural and leisure activities. The very definition of the term "mass cultural event" has a fairly wide range of options. It can be held in the form of noisy festivities, various celebrations, festivities and fairs. Usually cultural events are held outdoors, in stadiums, city squares. They can be both political, leisure, and advertising in nature.

This is an opportunity for residents of the city to relax, relax, and for musicians and various amateur groups to show themselves. Politicians through such events can attract as many electorate as possible to their side. Such events organically combine spirituality and physical education, sport and art.

A musical and poetic evening as one of the forms of a cultural event is a performance by one or more artists dedicated to a particular art event or figure, often such evenings are held in a pleasant romantic atmosphere, with the reading of poems by great poets, famous figures, with the performance of songs to the words of the poems of the poet to whom the memorable day is dedicated.

At fairs, manufacturers have the opportunity to show their products, talk about them, and visitors - to try this or that product and make a first impression about it. At this time, young talents from all fields of art show musical and theatrical performances, thereby advertising themselves. Guests of the fair are also pleased with festive trade, an exhibition of equipment, elite breeds of poultry, craft rows and attractions, sports competitions.

The program of events usually consists of a description of the events, an indication of the time of their holding, and is published in advance on the city's website. Posters are also being prepared and booklets are being issued so that everyone can attend a celebration timed to coincide with an event. Events that involve the gathering of a large number of people are regulated in accordance with the law. During the entire holiday, enhanced security is provided for all areas covered by the festivities.

New Year holidays: holding events

New Year and Christmas are holidays celebrated all over the world. Everyone is waiting for them - from kids to their grandparents. They are dedicated to events on the main squares in all cities, matinees in all houses of culture and creativity, schools and kindergartens, New Year's performances in higher educational institutions. Organizers and participants, as a rule, begin to prepare for the New Year holidays long before they arrive. The scenario of the event is approved by the highest competent authority of a particular institution that conducts a particular event. In schools and kindergartens, children are attracted to the celebration, contests and various entertaining scenes are prepared.

The main attribute of the holiday, of course, is a decorated Christmas tree, around which it is customary to dance round dances. Cultural events related to new year celebrations, were introduced to Russia at the end of the 17th century by Peter the Great. In truth, the idea of ​​celebrating the New Year not on September 1, but on January 1 quickly took root.

By decree of Peter the Great, an approximate scenario for the holiday was developed - to decorate the entrance to the dwelling with pine, juniper, spruce branches, from January 1 to January 7, burn bonfires, have fun, give gifts to each other. New Year's events came to Russia from Europe, and Peter I personally monitored the implementation of all the rules of the celebration. In 1700, the people saw fireworks that had never been seen before. The idea to postpone New Year's events for the winter period was that Peter the Great was striving for Europe, in which at that time it was 1699 from the birth of Christ, in Russia it was 7208 from the creation of the world. Such a large calendar difference brought great inconvenience to political relations with Europe. The transition to the chronology from the Nativity of Christ solved a lot of problems at once.

Mass folk festivals

Mass festivities in the spirit of the original Russian traditions of a merry mass holiday, such as Maslenitsa, Christmas time, Bright and Radonitskaya weeks, the Semitsko-Trinity cycle, have been held in Russia since ancient times. Usually they took place in the open air with dancing, dressing up, games, round dances, playing the harmonica, nozzles, pipes, with characteristic rituals of lighting fires, symbolic burning of an effigy.

Mass events, accompanied by many days of folk festivals, originate from pre-Christian times. Maslenitsa was their progenitor. This holiday can be considered the brightest and most cheerful, because it is timed to coincide with the day of the spring solstice, that is, the beginning of the new year. The date of the celebration of Maslenitsa is not fixed, it is celebrated exactly one week before the start of Lent, so solemn folk festivals are celebrated every year at different times.

In the methodological literature, three forms of extracurricular work are distinguished, based on the number of participants in it: individual, group and mass. G. V. Rogova, F. M. Rabinovich and T. E. Sakharova believe that group and mass forms of extracurricular work are mainly used, because the individual, as it were, is part of them.

Mass extracurricular activities organically fit into the school plan of extracurricular activities; it can be done episodically or intermittently. This form of extracurricular work includes the following types events: evenings, matinees, competitions, quizzes, olympiads, KVN, foreign language day, press conferences. Classes, parallel classes, link (stages) of education, even the whole school take part in them.

Evenings and matinees are the main types of mass extracurricular activities. They may differ in content (we will talk about this in more detail in the second chapter). These types of extracurricular activities help to develop a whole range of skills and knowledge of a foreign language: mastering new material contributes to the development of new areas of knowledge in a foreign language and the development of the material covered. They involve individual cognitive, creative skills, knowledge in the field of phonetics, grammar and vocabulary.

Various competitions are an important means of increasing the level of mastery of a foreign language. In the practice of schools, competitions for the following types of work with the language have become widespread:

1) Competition for the best expressive reading of a literary poem, text or passage;

2) Competition for the best story without training on the topics included in the program;

3) Competition for best description drawings, frames from a video or filmstrip, for voicing a video excerpt;

4) Competition for the best interpretation (competition of simultaneous interpreters);

5) Competition for the best written translation;

6) Competition for the best interlocutor.

Competitions can be held on a school, district, city, regional scale, as well as on a national scale. As a rule, they are held in several stages (rounds), if it is not a school competition: school stage, district stage, city, regional and country stage.

Quizzes, olympiads, KVN, the game “What? Where? When? ”, Which are actually options for the competition. These types of work do not allow students to stop at the achieved level, stimulating their curiosity and desire to improve their language skills.

The quiz can be carried out at any stage of learning a foreign language. Its subject can be regional or linguistic regional knowledge. Quiz material can be presented in various forms: puzzles, riddles, questions, etc. Quizzes are associated with the identification of a wide variety of knowledge, revealing interdisciplinary connections.

The practice of conducting KVN testifies to its effectiveness in stimulating interest in a foreign language. KVN is held upon completion of the study of a topic or a number of topics according to a program that provides for various competitions.

Day (or week) of a foreign language at the school is held annually at the same time. Almost all students of the school participate in this event, acting according to a specially developed program. At the end of the day or week of a foreign language, a reporting evening-concert is held.

The group form includes clubs and circles. The main feature of this form is the constant participation of a group of students (10-15 people), as well as the regularity of classes. When creating circles, the interests of students are taken into account, and, of course, the possibilities, inclinations and tastes of the teacher.

Basically, circles and clubs do not differ from each other in terms of the principles of functioning. Their main difference is that the club form, as it were, combines circle, mass and individual forms of work into a coherent structure, being its coordinating and organizing center. The most common circles are: a circle of film lovers, a circle of colloquial speech, drama, a choir circle, poetry lovers and some others. As a rule, the activities of circles and clubs are reflected in the reporting concerts or evenings.

The individual form of work provides an opportunity for the development of individual abilities and inclinations of students. This form of extracurricular work gives students the opportunity to show creative initiative and activity. As a rule, students participating in an individual form of extracurricular activity participate in all other forms of extracurricular work. There are the following types of extracurricular work: memorizing passages of prose and poetry, learning songs, taking notes, working on a role, designing materials for an exhibition, making albums, visual aids, preparing for reports, performances in evening programs.

Thus, extracurricular work is called educational and educational activities that are carried out outside the classroom. Extracurricular activities play an important role in teaching a foreign language. It has a certain specificity inherent in the subject. Extracurricular work performs approximately the same range of tasks as classroom work. It motivates the cognitive activity of students, forms their taste, worldview, broadens their horizons.

Extracurricular work effectively helps to reveal the cognitive aspect of learning a foreign language, because develops the abilities used in intercultural communication.

There are three forms of extracurricular work: mass, group and individual. The mass form is divided into the following types: evenings, matinees, competitions, quizzes, olympiads, KVN, foreign language day, press conferences. The group form includes the activities of circles or clubs. Individual extracurricular work involves learning by heart, compiling notes, manuals, albums, working on a role, etc.

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Classroom hour- one of the most common forms of organizing frontal educational work, contributing to the formation of a system of attitudes towards the world around students. Regardless of the form of the class hour, during the event, the collective life of the class or school, extracurricular activities that serve to prepare one or another collective creative work, and the work itself (educational event) are planned.

Preparing for the classroom

Class teacher during planning extracurricular activities, preparation and implementation of the classroom hour follows an algorithm that allows the most rational and competent organization of intellectual and psychological education:

1. Definition of goals and objectives.
2. The choice of the form of educational work, the definition of the genre and the name of the event.
3. Creation of a psychological mood.
4. Preliminary preparation.
5. Conducting the event.
6. Pedagogical analysis performed at two levels:

• discussion with students of the success (failure) of the subject result, designing more productive activities in the future;
• the actual pedagogical analysis, carried out by adult participants, is an analysis of the educational work of the school and its results.

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The content and forms of conducting a class hour are consistent with the program of educational work of the school (class) and corresponds to the following areas:

• civic-patriotic education;
• moral education;
• legal education;
• physical and mental development of the individual.

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The main principles of activity in organizing and conducting a class hour:

1. The principle of the relationship of consciousness and activity involves the choice of such forms and methods of work that affect both the mind and the behavior of the child.
2. The principle of a person-centered approach prioritizes the development personal qualities child.
3. The principle of variability involves flexible adherence to the program of educational work and adjustment of the content of work with students, depending on the relevance of certain problems, issues, events, cases, actions.
4. Productivity principle- obtaining by the class teacher a real and practical product that has value for the formation of the child's personality.

Responsible Valentina Andreeva, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Labor Law and Social Security Law of the Russian state university justice

The main components of each class hour:

• target - target settings should be associated primarily with the development of the child's individuality, with the design and establishment of his unique lifestyle;
• meaningful - the content of the class hour is personally significant. It includes the material necessary for self-realization and self-affirmation of the child;
• organizational and active - students are full-fledged organizers of the class hour. It is assumed that the interest of each child, updating it life experience, manifestation and development of individuality;
• evaluative-analytical - the manifestation and enrichment of the child's life experience, the individual-personal value of the acquired information that affects the development of the individuality and creative abilities of students act as criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a classroom hour.

Technological aspects of the classroom organization:

• determination by the teacher, together with students, of the topics of class hours for the new academic year;
• clarification of the topic and purpose of the class hour, the choice of form;
• determination of time and place, forms of implementation of the class hour;
• identification of key points and development of a plan for preparing and conducting a class hour;
• selection of relevant material, visual aids, musical arrangement on the topic;
• determination of participants in the preparation and implementation of the class hour;
• distribution of tasks between participants;
• forms of class hour;
• analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the class hour and activities for its preparation and implementation.

Forms of conducting a class hour: discussions

Dispute

Dispute - a public dispute on a scientific or socially important topic, controversy. If there can be fundamentally different approaches to some problem or there are opposing opinions about it, then it can become the topic of a debate lesson. The main value of this lesson is that in its course the dialectical thinking of schoolchildren is formed. But the dispute allows you to solve many other pedagogical problems.

Firstly, students are involved in a relaxed, lively conversation, and this helps to avoid formalism in knowledge.

Secondly, Students learn to express their opinion and justify it.

Thirdly, accustomed to dialogue, i.e. delve into the arguments of the opponent, find in the arguments weak spots, ask questions that help uncover false statements, look for and calmly present counterarguments.

Fourth, to participate in the debate, you need to know the actual material of the topic, and therefore you need to prepare for the debate lesson.

Fifth, discussion lessons actively contribute to the transformation of knowledge into beliefs.

The debate needs a competent methodology and good preparation:

• the selected problem must be common and recurring;
• the problem should not concern one person or a small group;
• The chosen problem should allow various ways solutions;
• The problem should correspond to the needs and interests of the students.

Discussion as a form of class hour

A discussion is a form of class hour, a dispute, a verbal contest in which everyone defends their opinion. An important characteristic of the discussion, which distinguishes it from other types of dispute, is argumentation. Discussing a controversial (debatable) problem, each side, opposing the opinion of the interlocutor, argues its position. The very nature of this form of communication determines its democratic nature.

The main objectives of the discussion:

• clarification of different points of view, the collision of which will help to find the truth, which contributes not only to the deepening of knowledge, but also to the formation of the worldview of schoolchildren;
• culture education in students speech communication during a dispute; the formation of the ability to discuss, simply and clearly state one's point of view, convincingly prove it, calmly listen to the arguments of the opponent, etc.

Discussion as a form of class hour and democratic communication has advantages over other forms: it allows you to organize live communication, involve all or most of the participants in the discussion of the issue, involves the tension of thought that arises in thought, in clashes of different points of view, stimulates speech activity and independence judgments.

A real discussion cannot be planned in detail, rehearsed, played by notes, otherwise it will lose the necessary naturalness.

The methodology for its implementation includes three stages.

The first stage is preliminary preparation.

Tasks of the first stage:

1. Choose a topic. It can be offered, but not imposed by the teacher, prompted life situation or determined on the basis of a preliminary survey (questionnaire) of students. For discussion, you should choose a question that would be interesting to students, affect and excite them.
2. Study in depth the issue to be discussed.
3. Create an initiative group to prepare the discussion.
4. Prepare an announcement about the discussion (topic, questions, literature, time and place), arrange a room (aphorisms, rules for conducting a dispute, an exhibition of books, etc.).

When preparing the room for the discussion, it is better to arrange the chairs in such a way that the participants in the dispute can see each other.

The second stage is the implementation of the discussion.

Skillful discussion as a form of extracurricular activities is almost an art. Its success largely depends on the teacher, on his understanding of the role and function of the leader. Some advice for the facilitator:

1. Before starting the discussion, it is necessary to name the topic, justify its choice, and clearly formulate the goal.
2. In the very first minutes, win over the participants in the discussion, set them up in a polemical way, create an environment in which each student would not only not hesitate to express his opinion, but also strive to defend it.
3. Do not hinder those who wish to speak, but do not force them to speak, try to ensure that the spirit of sincerity and frankness reigns during the discussion.
4. Stimulate the activity of participants. This will help a well-thought-out system of questions that are of interest to students and can cause them to have a frank conversation. It should be remembered that the question is the calling card of the discussion. There are techniques, means, conducive to discussion. For example, an unexpected question. Or a paradox - a kind of opinion, sharply at odds with the generally accepted, even contrary to common sense at first glance; there is always a challenge in it. Reply - a brief objection, remark from the spot; it also sets up a discussion, testifies to the activity of the listener, his desire to clarify the issue, to check his point of view.
5. Skillfully compare different points of view, generalize them so that the positions of the participants in the discussion are presented as clearly as possible.
6. To direct the discussion towards the intended goal.
7. Do not rush to correct those who are mistaken, provide such an opportunity to listeners.
8. When appropriate, the question addressed to the facilitator should be immediately forwarded to the audience.
9. Do not rush to impose a ready-made solution.
10. Choose the right moment to end the discussion, without violating the logic of the development of the dispute.

The host should not interfere in the discussion without special need, exert psychological pressure on the participants in the dispute with the help of his authority, sharp value judgments, and remarks addressed to those present. The presenter, who interrupts the participants of the dispute in mid-sentence, does not cause sympathy, he speaks a lot himself. You should also not openly support one of the disputing parties. It is better to express your attitude to different points of view when summing up the discussion.

At the third stage the results of the discussion as a form of educational activities are summed up.

Conference as a form of class hour

Conference - a form of conducting a class hour, a meeting, a meeting of representatives to discuss and resolve any issues.

Conference preparation stages:

1. Definition of a topic.
2. Deadline notice.
3. Program (plan) of the conference.
4. List of literature, questions, submitted for discussion.
5. Preparation for the conference (work with literature).
6. Conducting individual and group consultations for each conference participant.
7. The conference.
8. Summarizing. Discussion.

Round table as a form of class hour

Round table - a form of public discussion or coverage of any issues, a form of holding a class hour, when participants speak in a certain order; meeting, discussion of something with equal rights of participants.

Living room as a form of class hour

The living room is one of the forms of cultural and leisure communication and a form of extracurricular activities. Living rooms are theatrical, musical, literary. In the format of the living room, meetings with interesting people can be held, evenings-memories of famous poets, musicians, artists, writers, with viewing or listening to fragments of their works performed by guests or participants in the living room. Perhaps in the living room and tea drinking.

Salon as a form of class hour

The salon as an event is an evening for a narrow circle of people united by common interests and hobbies, creating an atmosphere of bygone times. Salons can be theatrical, musical, artistic, literary. At such evenings, in a cozy "home" atmosphere, participants exchange information about performances, concerts, poetry and prose, and works of art. Often the salon is built in the form of an evening-remembrance of past eras, helping the participants of the event to plunge into their atmosphere. The methods of holding a salon are very diverse - it can be a costume party or, in the style of the salons of the 18th-19th centuries, an evening at which the "hostess" receives guests.

Lecture hall as a form of conducting a class hour

A lecture hall is a cycle of lectures on a set topic, thought out and planned for a certain period of time. The organization and methodology of conducting lectures is consistent with the tasks and plans of educational work. The organization of the work of the lecture hall includes the choice of topics, the selection of lecturers, the development of lectures, the notification of listeners, the preparation of technical and visual aids and the place where the event is held. The choice of topics for lectures and reports is determined by the most important events in the life of the country, the urgent tasks of educating students, due to which it is often chosen as a form of educational activities.

The topics of lectures are usually drawn up for the entire planned period of the lecture hall, and the time for their implementation is approximately 3-6 months. forward. The organizers of the lecture hall acquaint each speaker with the topic of the lecture 1-2 months in advance. prior to the performance so that they have sufficient time to prepare. Appropriate visual aids are selected for each lecture, with which the lecturer himself first gets acquainted.

Forms of extracurricular activities: the competitive nature of the conduct

Competition

Competitive programs are competitions in any kind of human activity, an effective form of educational activities, class hours. Competitive programs are a powerful stimulus for the development of a person, for the improvement of his skills. This is the main pedagogical meaning. competitive programs; You can develop only by comparing yourself with others, and competition is the moment of comparison. Competitive programs allow:

• form an adequate self-esteem;
• develop strong-willed qualities;
• self-determination in the world of hobbies and professions.

Stages of preparing the competition as a form of conducting a class hour:

1. A bright name that can repeatedly increase interest in the upcoming contest and make you want to participate in it.
2. Formulation of competition tasks.
3. Development of the conditions and criteria of the competition, fixed in the regulation on the competition.

Types of competitive programs depend on their content:

• skill competitions. Their structure includes the theatrical defense of annual work plans, creative discussions about promising and unpromising forms of work, competitions for amateur poets;
• environmental competitions. They are aimed at expanding knowledge about nature, nature management, at drawing attention to the problems of conservation and development of flora and fauna;
• entertainment competitions: "Come on, guys!", "Come on, girls!", "Field of Miracles", "One Hundred to One";
• show competitions: "Beauty Contest", "Miss Class", "Miss School", "Student of the Year";
• competitions-quizzes (thematic or theatrical, intellectual): "What? Where? When?", "Clever and clever";
• competitions that combine both cognition, entertainment, and creativity: "Gentleman Show", "Hostess".

Quiz

A quiz is a type of game that consists in answering oral or written questions from various fields of knowledge.

Stages of preparation and implementation of the quiz:

1. The topic is selected.
2. Literature, game materials are selected.
3. Students are divided into teams (no more than 10 people), captains are selected.
4. The quiz is held in several stages, in which all members of the teams are involved.
5. Each student is asked one question from the students of the opposing team. In case of an incorrect answer, the right to answer passes to the player of the opposite team.
6. After the final stage of the quiz, the total score of each team is determined with the announcement of the winning team.

Club of cheerful and resourceful

The Club of the Cheerful and Resourceful (KVN) is a humorous game, a successful form of extracurricular activities in which teams of different teams compete in humorous answers to questions asked, improvisations on given topics, playing pre-prepared scenes, etc.

Stages of preparation of KVN:

1. Formation of a creative team (screenwriter-director, decorator, music director, lighting).
2. Selection of the main topic and sub-themes for individual competitions ("business card", warm-up, captains' competition, music competition, homework).
3. Selection of a leader taking into account the specifics of the event.
4. Organization of the rehearsal process and preview of the performances of the teams, providing methodological and musical design assistance to the teams.
5. Advertising (media, posters, invitation cards).
6. Event.

Review

The review is a public demonstration of the achievements and results of any socially useful activity of collectives, groups and individuals, followed by an assessment of the achieved level and awarding the winners. It is also a creative study - both for the participants and for the leaders of creative teams. The review is the activation of club life and amateur groups, giving a new impetus to individual masters and performers. The implementation of reviews is almost always associated with many concert performances, traveling and stationary exhibitions, extensive coverage of the achievements of collectives, groups and individual performers in the press, on radio and television. During the period of reviews, enrollment in circles, studios, groups, courses, sections and similar associations is carried out, which means that cultural and educational work as a whole is revived. Types of reviews as a form of conducting a class hour:

• reviews of brass bands;
• reviews of folk theaters;
• reviews of circus groups;
• reviews of vocal and instrumental ensembles;
• shows of fine arts, amateur films, artistic photography;
• in the field of scientific and technical creativity, reviews of scientific and technical skills, reviews of amateur equipment, reviews of ship and aircraft models are organized.

Presentation

Presentation - presenting something new to the public with specific goals.

Presentations as a form of educational activities are of the following types:

1. Project presentation. The goal is to inform people about a project, determine their attitude to it, search for people interested in supporting the development and implementation of the project. This type of presentation is the most demanding in terms of the form of presentation, content and preparation, since it involves persuading the audience of the need to develop or implement a project.
2. Presentation of the volume and content of the work performed (report). The goal is to present the results of the work to a certain narrow group of people. Such a presentation is less demanding on the implementation of the rules of preparation and may well be spontaneous if the necessary data is at your fingertips and kept in perfect order.
3. Presentation of the plan for future work. Such a presentation is similar to the previous one, only the future work of the organization or individual is the object. Its goals may be: informing a certain circle of people about the planned work, a description of the planned work - in order to subject the presentation object to critical analysis and change.

A business presentation unfolds through a series of communication activities that are (or should be) aimed at eliciting a response or producing an outcome that satisfies the presenter's goals. The requirements for a presenter increase in direct proportion to the number of people to whom he addresses. A one-on-one presentation requires less preparation than a presentation to five or more people. At the same time, as the audience grows, the impact potential of a business presentation increases.

Tournament

A tournament is a competition and an effective form of conducting a class hour. An even number of players participate in the tournament. In the first round, pairs are divided into two groups according to ratings (the group of the strongest and the group of the weakest), after which pairs are made up according to the principle: the strongest from the first group against the strongest from the second, the second strongest from the first group against the second strongest from the second, etc. If the number of players is odd, the player with the last number receives a point without a game in the first round. In the following rounds, all players are divided into groups with the same number of points scored. So, after the first round there will be three groups: winners, losers and draws. If there is an odd number of players in the group, then one player is transferred to the next, closest, score group.

Pairs of players for the next round are made up from the same score group according to the same rating principle as in the first round (the best player from the top half of the group, if possible, meets the best player from the bottom half of this group). At the same time, however, it is not allowed for the same pair to play more than one game in the tournament. Places in the tournament are distributed according to the number of points scored.

Game forms for conducting class hours

Role-playing games

A role-playing game is an entertainment game, an original form of conducting a class hour, a type of dramatic performance, the participants of which act within the framework of their chosen roles, guided by the nature of their role and the internal logic of the action environment.

A role-playing game, in addition to the requirements that are mandatory for any game, involves the fulfillment of two more requirements:

1. In a role-playing game, the presence of its organizer is mandatory (the generally accepted term is "master").
2. In a role-playing game, the main mechanism for "launching" the game is the "role" - a set of rules and restrictions that a person who wants to take part in the game assumes.

Role-playing games serve to:

• providing opportunities for full communication in the leisure group of peers;
• overcoming the barrier of informational and psychological isolation and alienation;
• formation of socio-psychological competence in the field of interpersonal communication;
• implementation of active and synthetic forms of joint leisure and creative activities;
• deeper and more creative awareness and development of unfamiliar spheres of life;
• development of skills of mutual psychological assistance in various difficult situations.

One of the most important and effective moments of a role-playing game is setting the player before the realization of a moral and ethical choice, on which not only his own further actions depend, but also, possibly, the development of the entire subsequent plot of the game. Role-playing games as a form of educational activities develop the skills of role-playing, business and friendly communication.

Games according to the degree of awareness of their purpose by the participants can be divided into three categories:

• games in which players do not realize the goals of the game;
• games in which, when analyzing the action, the players and organizers determine the goals of the game (reflexive approach);
• games, the goals of which are declared in advance (explicitly or implicitly).

Stages of preparing a role-playing game:

• definition of the problem, choice of situation;
• distribution of roles and discussion of positions and behaviors;
• replaying the situation (perhaps even several times) in order to find effective solution;
• discussion of the situation by the participants.

It is very important that the teacher does not impose his opinion on controversial issues. The options for conducting role-playing games can be different: "mock trial", "press conference", dramatization of a literary work.

Mind games

Intellectual game - individual or (more often) collective performance of tasks that require the use of productive thinking in conditions of limited time and competition.

Intellectual games are a serious tool for educating the student's personality and the ability to cooperate. They combine the features of both play and learning activities: develop theoretical thinking, requiring the formulation of concepts, the performance of basic mental operations (classification, analysis, synthesis, etc.). When conducting intellectual games with teenagers, it is good to use questions that affect the moral sphere. Competently placing moral accents, you can use the technique of forming the self-concept in the game.

All intellectual games as a form of conducting a class hour can be conditionally divided into elementary, compound (representing a combination of elementary) and creative. The simplest intellectual game is a test game, which is a set of statements and a given number of answers to them - from 2 ("Believe it or not", "Bluff club") to 4-5 ("Erudite-lotto", "Who wants to become millionaire?"). Such games are popular thanks to television. Such games are interesting not so much in themselves: they are used as a warm-up, for games with the audience or in between "main" intellectual games. Their dignity is high role luck, which allows even not very prepared participants to achieve success, as well as the ability to vary the complexity of tasks.

"Circumstances, signs, properties" - a kind of games in which more and more specific information is consistently reported about the desired object. The sooner the team solves the encrypted concept, the more points it gets. This type of games is a serious means of developing thinking if they contain an implicit but clear search algorithm. right decision, the task is a paradox and / or requires the adoption of a paradoxical decision (one of the rounds "Clever and clever", "Behind seven seals").

"Fill in the gaps" - a keyword is omitted or replaced in the phrase that needs to be restored or remembered.

"Question - answer" - intellectual games in which participants are invited to answer a particular question in a certain time ("Brain-ring", "What? Where? When?").

Questions and tasks for attention - the correct answer is hidden in the wording of the question.

In any form of intellectual game, it is fundamentally important good questions. Ability to accurately articulate and respond to question asked- basic not only in education, but also in self-education.

External effectiveness is assessed by the Deputy Director for educational work:

table
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Goals and objectives of the class hour	clarity, clarity of wording of targets; their compliance with the age characteristics of students, the logic of the development of the educational process, the choice of form
Classroom setting	thoughtfulness, modernity, originality of design, their necessity for the implementation of the plan, ensuring a favorable psychological climate in the team
	intellectual and spiritual and moral value of the selected content; compliance of the content with the topic, goals and objectives
Organization	usage modern technologies(computer, health-saving, personality-oriented); application of dialogue methods of communication
Behavior and activities of students	participation of children in goal-setting, discipline and activity of students; stability of attention of schoolchildren at all its stages
Pedagogical support	the teacher's erudition in the problem under discussion, his observance of pedagogical tact and culture of speech, the competence of the class teacher in the use of selected forms and methods of organizing joint activities
Results	satisfaction of the class teacher and students with the preparation and conduct of the class hour, its results