What to make blocks for building a house from. Why make building blocks? Stages of making molds for blocks with your own hands

On the market building materials Various types of concrete blocks are presented, including slag concrete. They are distinguished by their low weight and increased dimensions, which makes it possible to build a building at an accelerated pace. Wanting to reduce the estimated cost of work, many developers do not purchase block building materials, but make them themselves using a machine for producing blocks. Industrial models of vibrating machines are not always distinguished by their quality and performance. It is easy to make a homemade unit, guided by the recommendations given.

Cinder blocks

Types of concrete blocks for construction

Despite the fact that brick is often used in the construction industry for the construction of buildings, it is difficult for it to compete with block building materials made from concrete. To build a house, it’s easy to choose blocks that differ:

increased dimensions;
reduced weight;
filler used;
production technology.

The manufacturing technology of block products involves the use of the following filler:

expanded clay;
sawdust;
slags;
brick fighting;
dropouts.

Expanded clay blocks

Block-type wall materials are divided into the following types:

expanded clay concrete blocks;
wood concrete products;
foam concrete building materials;
aerated concrete products;
cinder blocks.

The use of cinder blocks, the cost of which is lower than other block building materials, reduces the cost of building construction. Making cinder blocks on your own is easy to do at home, using a machine for producing blocks. Let's consider the characteristics of cinder block building materials.

Cinder concrete blocks - properties of building materials

Cinder concrete blocks are a building material produced using vibration pressing technology. Along with cement and sand, the following types of filler are used for production:

slags, which are waste from metallurgical enterprises;
granite and crushed stone screenings;
brick waste;
river crushed stone;
expanded clay particles.

Brick waste is one of the components for cinder blocks

The production of cinder block products can be carried out in various ways:

using industrial technology, which involves heat treatment and steaming;
at home using homemade machine for blocks.

By producing cinder blocks on a block making machine, you can obtain products that have the following advantages:

increased thermal insulation characteristics. Slag concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well;
increased dimensions. They allow you to quickly build a cinder concrete building, outbuilding or garage with your own hands;
resistance to microorganisms and damage by rodents. This is ensured by the filler used and the structure of the cinder block mass;
reduced cost. Homemade cinder block cheaper than, for example, foam blocks used for construction purchased in a retail chain.

In addition, slag concrete material is fireproof, easy to process and dampens external noise.

Along with its advantages, slag concrete has a number of disadvantages:

limited service life. The durability of a slag concrete structure does not exceed two and a half decades;
reduced strength properties. Only one-story and two-story buildings are erected from cinder concrete;
cracks when sheared. During the shrinkage of the box, cracks do not occur along the seams, but directly along the blocks.

Cinder concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well

Cinder concrete also has an unpresentable appearance, needs to exterior decoration. In addition, cinder concrete cannot be used for foundation construction.

Despite weak sides material, it is preferred in situations where it is required for minimum costs quickly build small building or outbuilding.

Which is the best block machine to use?

Developers who decide to independently produce cinder blocks for the construction of walls are faced with the question of choosing equipment. It is not always possible to rent a machine for the production of building blocks, especially in small towns. Many people decide to make the equipment themselves. Depending on your financial capabilities, you can choose the following options:

the simplest design that allows you to produce wall blocks at home at minimal cost;
a modernized version of the unit, equipped with a compaction device and additional mechanisms.

It is difficult to give a definite answer as to which block production machine is preferable to use. It all depends on the number of blocks that need to be produced and financing possibilities. Let us dwell on the features of each unit.

Simplified block machine

To make cinder blocks on your own in a reduced quantity, it is not necessary to make a mechanized unit, use a vibrator, or additional mechanisms. The manufacturing process using simplified technology can be carried out in special forms.

Simplified block machine

Procedure:

Assemble the molds and coat their inner surfaces with waste oil.
Pour cinder block mixture into collapsible molds.
Leave for 3-4 hours until the solution hardens.
Disassemble the containers and carefully remove the blocks.
Allow to dry indoors.

If it is necessary to produce hollow products, it is advisable to use ordinary drink bottles to form cavities. A simplified machine for the production of blocks, which is a container of the required size made of wood or steel, can be manufactured at a minimum amount of cost.

Modernized machine for the production of building blocks

With an increased need for cinder blocks for the construction of a large building, you can make a more complex machine for producing blocks, equipped with special devices:

vibration mechanism. An electric motor is used as a vibration motor, with an eccentric located on the drive shaft. The drive power depends on the size of the mold, the mass of the slag concrete solution and is 0.5–1.5 kW. Under the influence of vibration, the slag concrete mass is compacted, the material is evenly distributed throughout the entire space of the mold, and air inclusions are removed. As a result of compaction, the specific gravity and strength of cinder block products increases;
lifting device. It is designed for accelerated extraction of finished products from molding containers. There are many constructive solutions, allowing to speed up and facilitate the removal of blocks. In the most simple version It is enough to weld handles of any shape to the molding container, by pulling which you can remove the hardened block. Using ready-made drawings, you can independently assemble a lever mechanism from scrap materials.

Modernized machine for the production of building blocks

The shape used in this unit must correspond to the size of the cinder block that is planned to be made. In most cases, products are manufactured of standard dimensions - 0.4x0.2x0.2 m. The molding container must have a height increased by 4m5 cm so that the molded block after compaction has the required dimensions. To simulate cavities, pipe scraps of the required diameter can be welded to the bottom of the container.

We make a machine for blocks with our own hands - sequence of actions

To perform work on assembling the vibration compactor, it is necessary to prepare. The following materials and tools will be required:

steel sheets 2.5–3 mm thick;
metal pipe with an outer diameter of 7.5 m 8.5 cm;
electric motor with a power of up to one kilowatt;
apparatus for electric welding with electrodes;
grinder complete with cutting wheel for metal;
locksmith tool.

Before production begins, you should prepare drawings and understand the design of the machine for producing blocks. It is necessary to decide on the dimensions of the blocks that will be made - the size of the mold depends on this. It can be welded to fit standard products or made in larger sizes.

Drawing of a cinder block machine

When everything is prepared, we make a machine for the production of block products, observing the sequence of operations:

Cut blanks from steel sheet rectangular shape for welding a molding container of the required size.
Tack them with electric welding and assemble the side edging of the molding box for pouring the cinder block mixture.
Check that the tack is correct, and if the diagonal length is equal, finally weld the mold elements.
Cut tubular blanks the length of which is equal to the height of the mold and make diametrically spaced cuts on the side surface.
Provide a conical shape for the tubular elements and weld them to bottom sheet future molding box.
Weld the crossbar to the cones, install plugs on the ends with a smaller size.
Produce final assembly molding box, welding the bottom with inserts to the edging.
Attach two handles on opposite sides to lift and transport the molding container.
Install the threaded elements for fastening the vibration motor and screw the vibration motor with the balancing weight.
Cut out the top cover that matches the dimensions of the inner cavity of the box and has holes for pipes.
Apply anti-corrosion coating, assemble the unit and check its operation.

The use of a group container of increased size allows to increase the productivity of the vibropressing machine.

Drawing. Vibroforming machine

Self-production of slag concrete blocks - recipe

Do-it-yourself cinder block making machine

To make cinder blocks using self-made equipment, you need to prepare the following materials:

Portland cement marked M400 and higher;
screenings or small crushed stone;
slag or ash from coal combustion;
sifted sand;
water.

Special plasticizers are also used to increase the strength of the cinder block mass and accelerate hardening. To prepare an increased volume of slag concrete mixture, a concrete mixer will be required.

The following slag concrete compositions are used:

mix Portland cement with slag in a ratio of 1.5:8. Gradually dilute the mixture with water, the amount of which should not exceed half the volume of cement;
mix crushed stone screenings, cement and coal ash in a ratio of 4:1:4. Add water to the concrete mixer until the solution becomes plastic.

Possible formulations include the use of granulated slag, plasticizers, quartz sand and broken bricks.

Portland cement marked M400

We manufacture products ourselves using a block production machine

Using a self-made machine for blocks, carry out work according to the following algorithm:

Place the equipment on level ground.
Connect electrical power.
Prepare cinder block mortar.
Pour the prepared mixture into the mold.
Turn on the vibration motor for 2-3 minutes.
Add cinder mixture to the top level.
Place the protective cover and turn on the vibrator.

Compact the array. The cover should come into contact with the stops located in accordance with the height of the block. Then remove the box and let the molded block sit until the mass sets. After careful removal, dry the cinder concrete products in a closed and ventilated area.

Let's sum it up

When planning the construction of a building made of cinder concrete, you can reduce costs by independently making a machine for producing blocks. It is important to use verified documentation for the manufacture of the unit and carefully understand the design of the vibration compaction device. To obtain high-quality products, study the recipe and also understand the technology.

Block is a very common material in construction. They can be used to create any structure: a house, a bathhouse, a garage, a utility block. Block walls have good strength characteristics, heat and sound insulation properties. Having this building material at your free disposal is so beneficial that many people think about how to make building blocks with their own hands.

Types of building blocks

The basis of each concrete block is cement, sand and water. In addition, filler is used. Depending on its type, we get one or another type of block.

Block making process

For their production there is special equipment: machines for the production of building blocks. They are designed for one, two, three or more blockforms. Such a machine consists of a vibrating table and, in fact, the block molds themselves - containers for molding blocks. The standard size of the product is 190x190x390 cm. The block form has many removable partitions that allow you to different sizes concrete products within the established limits. It is also equipped with a device for making a hollow block. This part consists of two (or three) cylinders connected by a piece of steel rod, which are inserted into the block mold before concrete is poured into it. These cylinders are removed after the stone hardens, thus creating voids in the finished block. This method allows you to significantly save on cement mortar.

The process of making a block using this equipment is quite simple. The concrete mixer produces a solution with the selected or available filler. The block mold is lubricated with used machine oil to facilitate the process of removing the finished product. Next, the cement composition is poured into it.

We turn on the vibrating table and within 1.5-2 minutes the process of molding the products occurs. Through vibration, air bubbles are expelled from the concrete, the composition is compacted, and excess liquid comes out. After molding, the surface of the block is leveled with a spatula.

Then the block mold is transferred to the place where the products are dried. They can serve as either a steaming chamber or an ordinary piece of land with a canopy over it. The surface on which the blocks are laid out for drying must be flat and horizontal. Thanks to the special design of the block mold, removing the product is not difficult. A sheet of iron is pulled out from under the mold, which is its lower base, and the side walls themselves rise up. The finished block is left in place to dry for several days. It is then transported to a storage location.

Making cinder blocks at home is a profitable business idea. By receiving free drawings and a description of the technology from us and with a little effort, you will receive high-quality equipment that guarantees regular income!

High-quality cinder block is a building material that is in demand always and everywhere. Thanks to heavy weight and convenient size, it allows you to lay structures of any complexity and height (from an ordinary extension to a house to industrial workshops).

Equipment for the production of cinder blocks at home

The presence of a vibrating machine will make the cinder block more dense and of higher quality, avoiding the formation of unnecessary voids. The vibrating machine will significantly increase the quantity of manufactured products. Now you don't have to wait for the concrete blocks to set completely before moving on to another batch.

Do-it-yourself vibration machine for the production of cinder blocks

The best option at home is a machine with 4 sections at once. In order to make such a machine, which allows you to produce about 100 cinder blocks per hour, you need to first download a 3D model of the machine:

After taking the measurements, cut out the parts for the future shape from sheet metal about 2 millimeters thick.
Then the sheets are welded together in such a way as to obtain a shape without a bottom. The height of the mold is 50 millimeters higher than the height of a standard cinder block. This is done so that the solution can be added immediately, rather than adding it over and over again after shrinkage.
Separately, we cut out pipes equal to the height of the resulting metal mold. They will form the necessary voids. Weld the holes at the ends according to the diameter, making the pipe “blind”. This will make it easier to remove the dried cinder block.
The cylinders need to be connected to each other closer to the top, maintaining the required factory distance. They must be firmly welded to the lifting lid.
We securely attach the vibration motor to the outside of the mold. It will ensure correct and rapid shrinkage of the solution. This is how the vibration casting process is carried out.

By looking at the 3D model of a cinder block machine, you can easily figure out how it works and what the principle of its operation is. And the dimensions of the model allow you to easily make the same equipment with your own hands according to the sample.

The kit contains drawings of a machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands and diagrams of simpler models of vibrating machines for the production of cinder blocks:

Note. 3D models are saved in file formats: *.sldasm (an extension of the SolidWorks 3D editor, also supports free eDrawings) and *.step (a standard for exchanging 3D graphics that is supported by most 3D editors, including free ones: FreeCAD, Blender, etc.).

Making cinder blocks at home

The cinder block is made in a special form by vibration shrinkage of concrete mixture poured inside. After the material hardens, the hollowness of the block is about 30%-40% (depending on the shape - round or square) of the total area. The resulting cavities not only save consumables during the production of cinder blocks, but also serve as air cushions for sound insulation. They are also excellent for reinforcing masonry, which gives walls maximum stability.

During manufacturing, it should be taken into account that the standard size of one cinder block is 39 x 19 x 18.5 centimeters. This is a standard, a generally accepted value from which builders build when designing and performing calculations. Therefore, strictly follow the parameters during home production of building blocks.

To produce cinder blocks on your own machine you will need:

cement (M400, but better than M500);
water;
coal slag;
gravel (about 10 millimeters in diameter);
sand;
plasticizer (strengthens and dries blocks much faster in 2-3 days);
mesh seeder for cleaning sand from impurities;
concrete mixer;
shovel;
pallets on which you will dry the building blocks.

Attention! When preparing a concrete mixture, you should always control the amount of water in the composition. If you exceed the water norm by 30%, the concrete product will be exactly 2 times weaker!!!

All components of the solution are taken in the following proportion: 7 parts of slag, 2 parts of sand and gravel, 1.5 parts of cement, 0.2% plasticizer and water. The mixture should be moist and crumbly (fundamentally different from bricklaying mortar). When squeezed tightly in your hand, it should hold together in a lump, and when it falls to the ground, it should crumble. During the vibration of the machine, the mixture is compacted and visually, as if it squeezes out water, turning into a liquid solution. This is a natural vibration casting process for concrete. If the resulting concrete is too liquid, then no vibration rack will help ensure the integrity and strength of the cinder block, which will not dry completely and will soon begin to fall apart.

Financial costs for the production of 1 m 3 (71 pieces) of cinder blocks at minimum cost product:

When producing durable cinder blocks (for load-bearing walls) a semi-dry mixture is prepared for thin-walled concrete products. In the article “production of paving slabs” you can get acquainted in detail with the process of preparing a high-quality and durable concrete mixture of thin-walled products.

Note. It is worth noting that the same technology is used to produce expanded clay concrete blocks. Only the composition and recipe for preparing concrete differs.

Profitability of cinder block production

So, the cost of one square meter steel sheet will be about $4.3. Buying a motor (you can use a used one to save money) will cost an average of $30. One meter of pipe with a diameter of about 15 mm costs $1.4. If you have no experience in welding metal structures and the necessary equipment, be prepared to pay another $100 to a specialist who has the necessary skills.

This means that a home vibrating machine will cost about $400. At the same time, the cost of materials for the solution, which is enough to make a daily norm of 100 cinder blocks, will be another $30. Be prepared to spend $700 per month on Consumables for preparing concrete, etc. As a result, to start own business you will need 1200-1300 dollars.

How quickly will this money be recouped? The cost of one factory-made cinder block averages about $0.7-$0.85. At the same time, home-made products will be sold cheaper, i.e. about $0.5. We will take this amount as the basis for calculating profit.

If you produce 100 pieces of products per day, you can earn about $20. Income per month if there is established sales will be about $600. As you can see, you can not only recoup your investment, but also gain profit in a short time.

As you can see, having your own vibrating machine for vibrating casting building blocks can not only simplify and reduce the cost of your construction, but also give rise to a profitable business!

Building blocks are a common material for the construction of structures for various purposes. They differ in size, components, manufacturing method, but all are popular wall structural materials. Building blocks are manufactured in industrial conditions, in household They also make concrete products and cinder blocks, which requires a DIY building block maker. Based on the material used, these products are divided into the following types:

slag concrete;
concrete;
aerated concrete;
fiber foam concrete;
polystyrene concrete.

Cinder blocks as a building material

Cinder block is a standard concrete product, but instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, aggregate in the form of waste slag is used. This replacement gives the material lightness compared to concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since slag has a thermal conductivity coefficient that compares favorably with heavy and dense crushed stone.

The production of cinder blocks requires precise dosage of components in the solution, namely:

cement grade not lower than 400 or 500, take one part (bucket);
quarry sand, mix 3 parts (buckets);
slag, burnt out brick, expanded clay, this material is added in the amount of 5 parts (buckets);
water.

To obtain cinder blocks of the same quality as in the factory, use a solution of medium viscous consistency. A liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and a thick solution will create uncontrollable voids inside when it hardens.

Concrete blocks

Building blocks made of cement, sand and crushed stone are used for the construction of wall and other structures if increased strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in the ratio 1:3:6; other options for the concrete mixture are described in the builder's handbooks and depend on the brand of cement used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Construction sawdust blocks

For construction residential buildings, dachas, cottages use light and warm wall material made of sawdust, sand and water. The binding component in the solution is lime. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties final product. An increase in the mass of sawdust leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a decrease in strength. With an increase in the amount of sand in the solution, the strength increases, while the frost resistance limit increases, which increases operational properties material. Blocks are widely used in private housing construction as cladding for insulating structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, long service life without destruction, environmental friendliness of the material, and ease of production. The installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands is available in manufacture and is popular among home craftsmen. Sawdust concrete is different increased time drying, so several parts are made inside the product through holes to improve air flow.

The dimensions of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated; their width is taken as a multiple of the wall thickness. If we talk about standard sizes, then the blocks are made according to twice the thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). When making sawdust stones, the dry ingredients are first mixed, then water is added, and mortar mixers are used for the work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation involves a complex process of saturating the solution with gases, which is difficult to reproduce at home. Aerated concrete building blocks are distinguished by their lightness, high noise-insulating and heat-insulating properties.

Fiber foam concrete products for masonry

Fiber foam concrete is inherently an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech machines for building blocks spray foam into the mass of the solution, it forms uniform closed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers use polyamide fiber reinforcement throughout the entire mass. This wall material is very durable, does not rot, is lightweight and durable.

Their fiber foam concrete blocks are produced various sizes. For load-bearing walls, use 20x30x60 cm, which weighs 22 kg. To build a brick wall of the same size, you will need 18 stones, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used in the construction of walls inside a building, partitions, and they are used to insulate floors and walls. The thermal conductivity of fiber foam concrete is 2.7 times less than that of brick and 2 times less than that of slag concrete and shell rock.

Large block sizes reduce application cement-sand mortar for masonry 20 times compared to building a wall from small stones. Fiber foam concrete does not burn, does not change shape when exposed to high temperatures and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Polystyrene concrete blocks

The material is classified as another type of light wall concrete blocks. It differs from standard concrete in better performance and reduced production costs. The innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concrete in weight, even foam concrete is one and a half times heavier. Thanks to this indicator, houses are built without the usual massive foundation, and the cost of transporting material is reduced.

The production of polystyrene foam blocks involves carefully combining cement, sand, polystyrene foam particles and special additives to retain air in the total mass. All other physical characteristics of the material put it a step above conventional materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of constructed structures. After the construction of walls from standard materials, slight shrinkage occurs during the year. In the case of polystyrene foam blocks, they do not wait this long.

Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of building structures, a special device is used that operates on the principle of a vibration processor.

Such a vibrating machine or vibrating table is designed independently. A self-made installation for the production of building blocks significantly reduces the cost of the blocks and, accordingly, the walls of the house.

Preparation of the solution

The solution is prepared from sand, cement, water and filler, which is used as various materials, as written above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, throw a small amount onto the ground. A high-quality mixture does not spread in watery streams; when clenched in a fist, it sticks together into a lump.

The production of cinder blocks involves thorough cleaning of the slag from foreign debris; chips and unburned parts of coal are not allowed to get into the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, three parts of slag and one part of gypsum are mixed, and water is introduced at the same time. This solution is quick to use as the plaster hardens in minutes. The slag is pre-soaked with water before mixing. To improve the quality of output products, modern plasticizer additives are added to the solution. Their action increases the frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made - solid and hollow. The former are used for the construction of durable structures, load-bearing walls, and foundations. The second type of blocks is used as partition material; it insulates well from cold and extraneous sounds.

Making concrete blocks without a vibrating table

Of the two technologies, the use of a wooden form, which is designed to allow the solution to flow naturally without vibration, is in undiminished demand. Placing the solution into the prepared form is carried out in several stages. First, fill the container by a third with the solution, then carefully tap the mold walls around the perimeter with a hammer to ensure high-quality shrinkage of the concrete solution. In the next two stages, the solution is added according to the original technology until the mold is filled. The production of building blocks with voids involves inserting two plastic bottles with water, which remove it after setting.

The forms are left to dry for 2-5 days. Then the blocks are carefully removed from the collapsible structure and laid out on pallets until completely dry. With this method of production there is no need to purchase.

The following tools and equipment will be needed: a sieve for sifting sand, molds for mortar, a trough for mixing or a concrete mixer, a hammer for tapping, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, and drying trays.

Method for making blocks using a vibration machine

To do this, purchase or make your own vibrating machine for cinder blocks. A special metal form is installed on the plane of the machine, and a concrete mixture with slag filler is poured into it to one third. After this, a vibrating table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows you to remove all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will receive good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. The blocks are removed from the mold in the same way as with the vibration-free manufacturing method.

The cinder block does not tolerate drying out in hot weather in the open rays of the sun, so on hot days it is sprayed with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane so that the moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, completely dried concrete blocks gain 100% strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of making cinder blocks

The molds are made independently, using metal or wood; the width of the boards is at least 190-200 mm. They are connected into a prefabricated structure, the side parts of which are detached to remove the finished block. The overall design combines no more than 6 cells for laying concrete. The finished structure is installed on a dense, waterproof material, such as oilcloth, forming the bottom of the mold.

If wood is chosen as the material for the mold, it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. The molds are made from dry wood. These conditions are met, otherwise during the work the wood will move away from the water and the geometric size of the block will change. Standard sizes stones are considered 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for his own construction.

For metal matrices, sheets with a thickness of no more than 3-4 mm are taken. When welding a structure, all welds are made from the outside so as not to round the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using segments metal pipes suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. The distance between the pipes and the distance from the walls are controlled, the composition is welded in strips for rigidity and fixation.

If equipment is being made for the production of building blocks, then when attaching the vibrator to the table, after tightening the nuts, they are still lightly welded. The motor must be covered with a protective casing made of any material against splashes of solution, water, and dust.

Technology for the production of sawdust concrete blocks

The available materials are not pre-processed, and you can buy them at any hardware store, so the production of blocks from sand, lime and sawdust begins immediately after purchase. To mix the solution, use a concrete mixer or mortar mixer, since manually mixing wood waste is difficult.

Dry sawdust, passed through a coarse sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. Lime or prepared clay dough is added to the solution. The resulting mixture is mixed well and only then water is added, gradually pouring it in small portions. To determine the readiness of the solution, squeeze it in your hand, after which fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the molds with the solution, they are lined with a thin layer of sawdust. Internal holes in the blocks are made using wooden plugs about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the solution. The material of the building blocks is placed tightly into the mold using a special tamper. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After this period, the solution gains about 40% of its required strength.

The molds are disassembled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the required limit. Finished products are placed on pallets and protected from direct sunlight. Drying of blocks is faster if you leave gaps between the products during storage. It is advisable to place the trays in a draft or use a fan for forced ventilation.

Sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of ventilation. At this time their strength is 90%.

Machines and equipment

To make the number of blocks required for construction, a ready-made vibroforming machine is purchased. The TL-105 brand has good performance. And although its power is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different aggregates per hour of operation. Its approximate cost on the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern manufacturers machine equipment produce many varieties of machines for the production of blocks with additional functions. Prices for machines are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, a 1IKS vibration machine is suitable; it costs about 17,000 rubles, the power is only 0.15 kW, such equipment produces 30 blocks per hour. When buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for construction needs.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making building blocks with your own hands will greatly save money on the production of products. Cost does not take into account wages, which is paid to the employee. The cost of the block does not include overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions, therefore, making the building material cheaper than the house.

Each of us needs a family and our own comfortable place to permanent residence. Some people want to have an apartment in big city, and someone dreams of living in a place where they can grow vegetables and fruits, keep pets, have a house suitable for habitation, and all the necessary outbuildings. But not everyone can afford to build all the necessary premises from purchased building materials. In this case, we think about whether it is possible to build a house from self-made material.

Aerated concrete blocks are a lightweight building material, so when building a house there is no need to strengthen the foundation.

This question was asked by all generations before us, so it has long been known sufficient quantity ways to obtain building materials from improvised means.

The most optimal solution in this case, this is the construction of housing on your own from what can be obtained directly on the spot.

Elements of the supporting frame: 1 - the first row of blocks based on mortar; 2 - additional cellular blocks; 3 — ring reinforced belt; 4 — reinforced concrete floor slabs; 5 — heat-insulating gasket; 6 - monolithic reinforced concrete distribution belt; 7 - lintel reinforced from concrete; 8 — lintel made of concrete; 9 - waterproofing; 10 - base.

The most accessible material that can be found everywhere is earth, or rather, the soil that is located under the fertile layer. Since ancient times, residential buildings and other buildings were built from soil, but more often in areas where there was little forest. Blocks were made from this material using plastic molding or compaction, as well as using formwork (soil was simply packed into it very tightly).

For example, if work on building a house with your own hands is planned without a basement, then the soil that was removed for the construction of the future foundation will be enough to build the walls of a one-story house. If you make a basement, then the house can already be made two-story. For walls will do and the soil that was removed during the construction of a pool, drainage or well.

Previously, it was not possible to mechanize at least some part of the process of manufacturing such building materials, but in our time, of course, you no longer have to mix the necessary ingredients with your feet, because special mechanized devices have been invented for this.

With the advent of special mechanisms, the situation with construction using scrap materials has changed significantly for the better. Using an electrified tool, you can make material - mix it and compact it. And the result is no worse than in ancient times, but it takes much less time and physical effort.

The authors of the equipment in question managed to create a tool suitable for compacting concrete and other low-moisture construction mixtures and materials, as well as soil masses. And this invention, affordable for many, will make it possible to produce most of the building materials and parts directly at the construction site.

Soil manufacturing technology

Using such a machine, you can form wall blocks from local raw materials, incl. from soil using the “zone injection” technology.

The production process of this device is based on the reproduction of a natural effect called “flowing wedge”. The main technological feature is that the mold, the molding powder mass and the supercharger simultaneously move in it. And all this without any vibrations or noise. At the same time, such traditional processes as mass dosing, control of product size and pressure that is applied to the punch in similar molding factory installations are not needed.

In the molding apparatus called “Mini-supercharger” MH-05, a dense and uniform structure is formed throughout the entire volume of the mold, and the dimensions of the product always correspond to the shape in all respects. When switching to another material, no equipment readjustment is required. And in the process, the effects of elastic aftereffects, air entrapment and over-pressing are eliminated.

Sequence of laying blocks: a – single-row ligation system; b – multi-row dressing system; c, d – multi-row dressing system mixed method(numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

MH-05, which has no analogues in the world, is intended not only for the production of single-format blocks for construction needs, with its help it is possible to independently produce bricks, and various racks, blocks, slabs for window sills and much more necessary when building a house with your own hands. Various types of soil, industrial waste, and other materials can serve as raw materials for MH-05.

This molding kit is indispensable for owners of garden and dacha plots, cottages, farmers, landscape designers and architects, as it opens up endless possibilities for individual creativity both when building a house and when landscaping any areas, be it a personal plot or a park.

Everyone has the opportunity to work with this device. There is no need to do anything complicated. And at the same time, the cost of building a house is several times lower than usual. Here are some parameters of products that can be made on the MN-05 (name, size in millimeters and one-time quantity):

raw brick from soil block - 65x120x250 - 4 pcs;
concrete block for paving - 65x120x250 - 4 pcs;
paving slabs 250x250 - 2 pcs;
concrete gas stone - 65x120x1000 - 2 pcs;
flat tiles -120x250 - 4 pcs;
window sill plate - 50x250x1500 - 1 piece;
window lintel - 50x250x1500 - 1 piece;
concrete facing tiles - 250x250x15 - 2 pcs;
reinforced concrete pillar rack - 65x65x100 - 3 pcs;
concrete tray - 65x250x100 - 1 pc.

The “flowing wedge” phenomenon makes it possible to obtain unique properties material: its density reaches 99%, which prevents elastic stress, transverse delamination and expansion of compacts from occurring, since air is not pinched.

Production in block form

It is better to make a mold for making blocks with a removable bottom, this will make it easier to remove the finished blocks.

There are other technologies for making blocks for construction and other building materials for the house with your own hands from scrap materials (clay, sand, lime, sawdust, earthen) and from cement.

The technology that will be discussed now is similar to the technology called “tise” (technology + individual construction + ecology), but this one is modified and universal, since it can be used to make building blocks with voids (sand and cement mortar ), and without them (clay, sand, sawdust, cement, lime, earthen).

The durability of structures made from blocks using this technology is greater than that of those made traditional ways, - up to 100 years or more. With the help of such blocks it is possible to construct buildings up to 4 floors.

The process of making a block with your own hands:

preparing a solution (sand-cement or other);
placing the block mold in an exactly horizontal position;
pouring the solution into the mold (and, if necessary, compacting it);
after 5-10 minutes, the pins and internal structures are removed to form voids;
removing the mold from the manufactured structure, further drying the block.

In this way, you can make up to 40 blocks per day with your own hands. And building blocks made in block form receive significant advantages over panel or brick blocks:

very significant reduction in construction costs;
use of economical equipment;
no need for heavy lifting and transport equipment;
availability of building materials;
minimal waste;
ensuring high strength of the structure;
high thermal insulation of the house;
environmental safety and high level comfort;
There are no high maintenance and repair costs during operation.

Wood concrete building blocks

The main composition of wall blocks includes wood chips and concrete.

Wood concrete blocks are lightweight building wall blocks that are made from wood chips (usually from coniferous trees), water, sawdust, chemicals and cement. In the sixties of the last century, the production of such blocks was carried out by more than 100 factories throughout the country. But after panel construction was approved, production was discontinued.

Nowadays, it is possible to make wood concrete blocks for building a house with your own hands, subject to strict adherence to all technological requirements. The requirements of GOST, according to which wood concrete was previously manufactured, require the use of wood particles whose size is strictly 40x10x5 mm. The amount of leaves and needles cannot exceed 5% and there should be no more than 10% bark.

Manufacturing requires a considerable amount of cement, which impairs the thermal insulation properties of the material. It is because of this ideal option Wood chips are considered the main raw material.

Arbolit - perfect material for the manufacture of walls of a bathhouse or sauna.

Experts recommend using sawdust and shavings, because wood shavings can serve both for heat and for reinforcement. The ratio of sawdust and shavings can be either 1:1 or 1:2. Before use, in order to avoid rotting, sugar must be removed from shavings and sawdust, and this requires keeping the material outside for 3-4 months. Without this procedure, the blocks may swell in the future.

During aging, it is necessary to periodically shovel the shavings and sawdust, but if this is not possible, then the mixture must be treated with calcium oxide. A solution is prepared at the rate of 150-200 liters of 1.5% solution per 1 m² of raw material. The treated mixture is left for 3-4 days with stirring several times a day.

For the manufacture of wood concrete it is necessary. Experts recommend using Portland cement 400 grade, and as additives - liquid glass, slaked lime, aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate.

Additives are prepared in an amount of 2-4% of the cement mass. The best combination of additives is considered to be a mixture of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% aluminum sulfate or in the same ratio liquid glass and calcium oxide.

Process Features

If possible, you can prepare both shavings and sawdust with your own hands using special machines and processes, but you can also purchase these raw materials in finished form and already processed.

This material is soaked in water with the addition of liquid glass. And to speed up the process of hardening and mineralization of the material, calcium chloride is added to the mass. In order to carry out disinfection, you need to introduce slaked lime.

And only after all these preparations is the mass mixed in a concrete mixer along with cement and other necessary ingredients. Next comes the filling of special forms with the resulting material, and it is necessary to compact the mixture using a manual tamper, a vibrating press, or pneumatic or electric tampers.

Material Formation

Experts recommend making molds for blocks from boards and covering their walls with linoleum to make it easier to remove the building blocks. When manually tamping, it is done in layers using a tamper made of wood and lined with iron. Afterwards the block is kept for a day and then removed. Then it is left under a canopy to be fully refined to the required strength. In this case, it should be covered while still wet to allow hydration to occur.

The optimal temperature and period for this is 15 degrees and 10 days. Lower temperatures will require longer soaking time. It is important not to allow the level to fall below zero and do not forget to periodically water the blocks with water.

Expanded clay blocks

You can do it yourself. First of all, to make expanded clay blocks you need to prepare a special mold. You can do it from a regular board. The form is made from a pallet and two halves resembling the letter “G”. Boards are needed with inside either treat it with machine oil or beat it with tin. Special closures must be installed at the ends to prevent the mold from falling apart or changing size.

It will be a little more difficult to make a mold with void formers for an expanded clay block with voids, but this is compensated by the economical consumption of the expanded clay mixture. If desired, diagrams for their correct manufacture can be found in articles on this topic.

The size of the form can be arbitrary and depend on the assigned construction tasks, but the following sizes are more often used:

39x19x14 cm;
19x19x14 cm.

In addition to the form, you will need the following tools:

Master OK;
shovel;
buckets;
container for primary mixing of components with water;
metal plate for final mixing of expanded clay concrete mass;
water, sand, expanded clay.

Component ratio

To make a high-quality mixture, you need to take:

1 part of the binding material - cement of a grade not lower than M400;
8 parts of expanded clay (approximately 300-500 kg/m³). It should be added that about 5 kg of expanded clay of a fraction from 5 to 20 mm can be placed in a 10 liter bucket;
sand - 3 parts without admixture of clay and other components;
0-8 - 1 part water.

Experts advise adding a teaspoon of any washing powder for greater plasticity of the solution.

Correct casting of the mixture

Using a trowel or shovel, you need to carefully pour all the components into a container of water and let this mass sit for some time. Next, it is transferred to a metal sheet and brought to the desired state by thorough mixing.

After ready mix placed in a mold and subjected to vibration using special device, creating vibration impulses. You can also get by by tapping the sides of the mold with a shovel.

After two days, the compacted block must be carefully released from the mold by unhooking the closures on it, and in this form it must be left to harden for another 26 days.

A standard block of expanded clay weighs from 16 to 17 kg and requires about 1.5 kg of cement, 4 kg of sand and 10.5 kg of expanded clay. Having made some simple calculations, we find that each block costs about 25 rubles at average cost ready-made expanded clay costs 30 rubles without delivery.

Aerated concrete blocks

To prepare aerated concrete blocks, you need the following components:

Portland cement;
quicklime;
sand;
water;
a small amount of aluminum powder.

You will also need:

concrete mixer;
block molds;
metal strings to cut off excess mixture from the top of the molds;
shovel;
measuring utensils;
buckets;
individual protection means.

The components are taken in the required proportion: quicklime and Portland cement - 20% each; quartz sand— 60%; aluminum powder - less than 1% and a little more than 9% - water. All this is mixed in a mixer until it reaches the consistency of sour cream.

Experts advise purchasing molds for casting aerated concrete ready-made, giving preference to metal and plastic forms. And the finished mixture is poured into such forms, filling it halfway, since gas formation will raise the mixture to the rest of the part over some time. And if the mixture rises above the edges, then the excess is cut off with strings.

The mixture is kept in the molds for 6 hours. In this state, the blocks will be ready to be cut into smaller pieces after the formwork is removed from the precast forms. When cutting, it is necessary to form grip pockets and grooves for the fingers.

Further, in industrial conditions, the blocks are placed in an autoclave to gain strength, but these installations are very expensive, so when self-production the blocks will gain strength in natural conditions.

The extracted and cut blocks are kept indoors for another day before they can begin to be stacked on top of each other. Such material can be used to build a house only after 28-30 days, when the blocks have reached their final strength.

Whatever method you choose to prepare the material for building a house with your own hands, in any case, the construction of buildings from it will be cheaper, and in some cases also much more environmentally friendly, stronger and more comfortable than using industrially produced material.