How to make a membrane vacuum press. How to make a simple press with your own hands: effective instructions and useful tips. Type of heating devices

Thermovacuum molding is the serial molding of sheet plastics using negative pressure and high temperatures. The starting material is PVC plastics, polystyrene, PTG, as well as ABS plastic.

Special vacuum forming equipment is quite expensive, but you can easily make homemade machine for vacuum forming with your own hands.

How to make a homemade vacuum forming machine

To make a vacuum forming machine with your own hands, you will need the following:

Sheet plywood 15-20 mm or chipboard

Wooden blocks

Profiled pipe 20*20

Compressor from a vacuum cleaner

Heating heater (for example from an oven)

Iron chair legs

The design is very simple: we heat the plastic over a heater, and then transfer it to a vacuum table, where a compressor attracts the heated plastic to the working surface. The plastic meets a model on its way, according to which it takes shape.

So, let's start manufacturing.

To begin with, a holder for the compressor is made, using ordinary bars from the hardware store.

The walls of a homemade vacuum machine are assembled using the fittings at hand.

Holes are cut in the sides of the walls to allow air to escape from the compressor.

The working surface is drilled with holes in 20 mm increments.

Before attaching the working surface, a sealant is laid on the walls. You can also use silicone sealant.

The frames for clamping plastic are also equipped with a seal. Its purpose is to reduce the amount of air leaking through the cracks of the structure.

To clamp a sheet of plastic, ordinary bolts and nuts are used. Wing nuts can be used to make removal and installation of sheets easier.

An old casing from a VCR was used as the heater body, the inner surface was lined GVL sheet, you can also use asbestos sheet. The heater power is 1KW, the power is excessive, so the heater does not have high side walls.

That's all. As you can see, making a homemade thermal vacuum molding machine is not at all difficult!

If everything is not clear from the photographs, watch the video on the manufacture of a vacuum machine and its use. This machine uses the oven of a conventional electric stove as a heater. And as a vacuum motor - a regular vacuum cleaner.

As you can see, despite the simplicity of the design, it works quite well.

Leo32 comments:

Cool, but, as I understand it, such a machine is relevant to those who make batches of parts according to the same model?
Suitable for one-time production only if necessary high quality and lightness of the product.
Otherwise, you can make it from a bottle by precipitation.

Artem comments:

Great item for RC model lovers!
You can mold homemade bodies for RC cars!

Making a vacuum table is the most critical stage in constructing a thermal vacuum press with your own hands. At the design stage, it is necessary to determine the dimensions of the table, select the material for its manufacture, and think over ways to fix and seal detachable elements to maintain internal negative pressure (vacuum). The vacuum table is made with the same basic set of tools as.

Further in the text, we will call a vacuum bath a part of a vacuum table - a steel container, inside of which the workpieces to be coated are located, and from which air is pumped out. By working dimensions (dimensions) of a vacuum bath we mean its useful volume, measured by internal dimensions. We will agree to call the vacuum table the entire structure as a whole, consisting of a vacuum bath, an upper (movable) pressure frame, clamps and other smaller elements.

External and working dimensions of the vacuum bath.

Let's consider general principles choosing the size of the vacuum bath, we will designate specific numbers for our press.

The longer the vacuum bath, the more workpieces can be placed in it, or the workpiece can be lined bigger size. On the other hand, the longer the bath, the more film has to be consumed in one working cycle, the larger the dimensions of the machine, which entails a greater consumption of room space. You need to find the optimal size. As experience has shown, the optimal working length of a vacuum bath intended for the manufacture of standard furniture facades and decorative door trims can be considered a value from 2.4 to 2.6 m. We will make a vacuum bath 2500 mm long, the working length of which will be 2500 - 40 x 2 = 2420 mm (40 mm - short wall width profile pipe).

The width of the bath is directly related to the width of the PVC film used. Depending on the film manufacturer, there may be different meanings width, the most common is 1.4 m, which is what we will focus on. Let's choose the width of the bathtub to be 1400 mm, the working width will be 1400 - 40 x 2 = 1320 mm. When facing tall workpieces, for example, for curved (radius) facades, the width of the bathtub must be reduced (made smaller than the width of the film), but to work with such workpieces a press of a different design is needed, so these issues will not be considered.

The working height of the bathtub should be calculated based on the requirement that there is a small free space between the upper surface of the facades and the covering film. In other words, the film stretched over the workpieces should not touch them before air is pumped out. The calculation is as follows. Firstly, the vacuum (breathable) tabletop, which will be the first to be placed on the vacuum table, will be made of 10 mm thick MDF board. Secondly, the linings for the facade blanks will be small pieces of MDF board 16 mm thick (this is the simplest, most common and optimal option for linings). Thirdly, the thickness of the veneered blanks will range from 8-10 mm (door linings) to 16-32 mm (facades and other furniture elements). Fourthly, the sealing rubber will add about 2 mm to the depth of the bath. As a result, the maximum height of the entire “pie” inside the bathtub will be: 10 + 16 + 32 = 58 mm. To make a vacuum bath, we will use a profile pipe with a cross-section of 60x40 mm, placing it on the short side. At the same time, the height of the free space will be no less than: 60 + 2 - 58 = 4 mm, which is quite enough.

Making a vacuum table.

Vacuum bath.

The bottom of the vacuum bath will be a sheet of steel 2 mm thick. To minimize the deflection of the sheet under the influence of negative internal pressure, and to give the table surface an even shape (close to an ideal plane), it is necessary to make a rigid frame. To make the frame we will use the same profile pipe 60x40x2. The pre-cut pipe, in accordance with the design, is laid on the slipway, rigidly fixed with clamps, and all connections are welded. After making the stiffening frame, a steel sheet is welded on top of it. This is the most critical stage of welding work; it requires a continuous weld to be hermetically sealed (it is recommended to perform double penetration).

To avoid warping of the sheet under the influence of prolonged high temperatures, you can use the following alternative method of welding the sheet to the stiffener frame. Before laying the steel sheet on the stiffening frame, it is necessary to apply a sealing compound that can withstand high temperatures along its perimeter (for example, high-temperature silicone sealant), and welding should be carried out not with a continuous seam, but with small regular fixing tacks with a pitch of about 50 mm. This method is designed to ensure that short-term, local welding effects will not damage (burn out) the entire sealant, but only a small part of it in the immediate vicinity of the tacks, while most of the sealant, after curing, will perform its direct function.

Vacuum table dimensions.

Detailing of the stiffening frame and the procedure for assembling the vacuum bath: the stiffening frame is welded, a steel sheet is welded to it, a stationary (lower) frame with a part of the hinge joint for attaching the lifting (upper) frame is hermetically welded around the perimeter of the steel sheet.

Photo of the vacuum table from below.
The stiffening frame is made partly from an angle profile.

Lifting (pressing,top)frame.

Frame material - profile pipe 60x40x2 mm. The dimensions of the pressure frame must be exactly the same as those of the vacuum bath. If it was not possible to find a sufficiently even (not bent, not twisted) profile, then it is necessary to pre-select in pairs several of the smoothest rods from which the parts of the vacuum table will be made tightly adjacent to each other.
The clamp frame will rise thanks to adjustable hinge joints. The adjustment of the hinges is carried out after gluing the sealant strips sheet rubber medium hardness, about 2 mm thick.

Welded washers are needed to increase the friction area. The hinge pin is a D12 steel rod with threaded ends.

To hold the clamping frame in a raised state, gas lifts can be used. For safety reasons, it is recommended to install four gas lifts (two per side) and ensure that any three of them can support the frame. If the opening angle of the frame (45°) turns out to be insufficient, the frame will cause significant inconvenience in operation; it can be raised as high as possible at an angle of slightly more than 90°, using the thermal module parked behind as a support (gas lifts are not used).

Clamps.

To securely and tightly hold the film during vacuum pressing, it is necessary to firmly and evenly press the upper frame to the perimeter of the vacuum bath, ensuring that the rubber seal fits everywhere. For these purposes, you can use various ready-made clamps, or make them yourself.
For the manufacture of homemade clamps working on the eccentric principle, you will need the following rolled steel: half a meter of DN50 pipe (external diameter about 60 mm), two meters of rod with a diameter of 10 mm, and approximately the same amount of profile pipe with a cross-section of 20x20x2 mm.

Firstly, the DN50 pipe is cut into 8 equal 60 mm sections. Each pipe section is finished with a semicircular central cutout having a width of 10-11 mm and an arc length equal to 3/4 of the length of the outer circumference of the pipe. We get 8 pieces of eccentric rotary cylinders, to which we need to weld a handle 220 mm long from a square profile 20x20 mm.

Secondly, the steel rod is cut into 16 pieces: 8 pieces 190 mm long (for studs) and 8 pieces 55 mm long (for kingpins). An M12 nut (or M10 with a drilled thread) must be welded to one end of the stud so that it can rotate freely on the pivot, and an M10x50 thread must be cut at the other end.

Thirdly, to complete the manufacture of the clamp, we weld the ends of the pin (with a nut with a welded pin pre-attached to it) to inner surface eccentric rotary cylinders.

To install clamps on the vacuum table of the press, at eight points of the table, according to the project, drill through holes with a diameter of 10 mm. After which, the upper holes are enlarged, giving them an oblong shape. The clamps are adjusted by installing combination nuts in the desired location on the stud thread, followed by fixing them with locknuts. This operation is performed at the last stage of manufacturing the vacuum table, after gluing the rubber seal.

Elements and dimensions of the hinge clamp.

The hooks for the clamps are made from steel angle 50x50x3.

If it was not possible to achieve a flat table surface.

If during the welding process the sheet has undergone significant deformations beyond the limits acceptable values, then pick up a grinder and cut off the welds, there is no need to redo everything again. You can ensure a perfectly flat plane of the vacuum table additional measures, namely through the use of epoxy leveling compounds, which are used in the manufacture of poured floors. To do this, the vacuum table is set strictly according to the level, the required volume of the filling mass is determined (for example, by test filling with water), the bottom of the vacuum bath is cleaned of rust, and it is primed. Fill with the prepared epoxy mixture according to the manufacturer's instructions. For reasons of economy, the mixture can be diluted with some cheap filler, for example, quartz sand. To speed up the curing of the mixture after pouring, the table can be controlled from above with heat from the thermal module. It makes sense to carry out this filling leveling operation after the vacuum press is fully ready, test samples of products have been manufactured, and a decision has been made about the need to improve the geometry of the working surface.

Estimate for material for a vacuum table.

Name	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Purpose
Profile 60x40	2500	6	Rigidity frame. Bath. Lifting frame.
Profile 60x40	1380	4	Rigidity frame.
Profile 60x40	1320	4	Bath. Lifting frame.
Profile 60x40	1001	6	Rigidity frame (diagonals).
Profile 60x40	753	3	Rigidity frame.
Profile 60x40	250	4	Hinge.
Profile 60x40	180	2	Hinge.
Profile 60x40	150	2	Clamp support.
Profile 60x40	140	2	Hinge.
Corner 50x50x3	50	8	Lifting frame (clamp hook).
Profile 20x20	220	8	Clamp
Pipe DN50	60	8	Clamp
Rod D10	190	8	Clamp
Rod D10	55	8	Clamp
Rod D12	150	2	Hinge.
Nut M10 combi		8	Clamp
Nut M10		12	Clamp Table mount.
Nut M12		16	Clamp Hinge.
Washer d12		12	Hinge.
Bolt M10x60		4	Table mount.
Sheet 2500x1500x2		1	Table (bottom of the bath).
Gas elevator		2	Lifting frame.

Upon completion of the main scope of work, the vacuum table is installed on the frame (on specially provided supports) and fixed in the corners with four bolts, as shown in the figure, after which they move on to minor work: installing and adjusting the clamps, adjusting the lifting frame hinge, gluing the seal.

The metal structure is beginning to take on the shape of a future thermal vacuum press, but it still lacks many elements: a vacuum system, a thermal module, an electrical control unit, which will be discussed in the following articles.

A vacuum press is a unit that allows you to produce on the basis of MDF furniture facades with PVC films and decorative door trims. It can be purchased, or you can make it at home.

The material will be devoted to how to make a vacuum press with your own hands, and what is required for this.

Remember that such work is quite complex, you need follow safety rules, because it is associated with the use of power tools high degree dangers and heavy structures. If you want to assemble a press with your own hands, evaluate your capabilities, and if this is difficult for you, it is better to entrust this task to a professional.

Vacuum press: purpose and principle of operation

Film furniture facades are widely used in the manufacture of cabinet or upholstered furniture thanks to the following characteristics:

• wide range of colors;
• variety of forms;
• affordable price.

Such facades are manufactured on special equipment, while the main production tool is a vacuum press. He sits down PVC film onto the surface of the MDF-based workpiece.

The press includes the following key elements:

• vacuum chamber or table;
• thermal module

The chamber most often has a rectangular shape and is made of a rigid material that does not compress under artificially created negative pressure from the inside. And on the outside, a PVC film is laid, the edges of which are sealed with the frame.

Film shrinking process includes the following steps:

• laying workpieces on the table;
• sealing;
• heating the films;
• air pumping;
• cooling;
• cutting out blanks and removing excess film from the facade.

Do-it-yourself vacuum press: what do you need to know?

Before working on making your own vacuum press remember the following:

If you plan the purchase of components and carry out the work correctly, the cost of a press made by yourself will be significantly lower than its factory counterpart, and you will be able to make film facades and MDF overlays at home.

Before you start making a press bed, you need to select optimal type heating unit, since this will affect not only the design of the bed, but also other elements of the press. When assembling it yourself, it is best to choose a retractable thermal module, which is easy to assemble and convenient to use, but it has large dimensions.

To make the frame you will need:

• steel profiled pipe;
• rails for the thermal module.

The design of the bed is best simulated on a computer using special 3D modeling programs.

To work you will need the following set of tools:

• small one-handed corner Grinder, the disk diameter of which is 115 or 125 mm;
• welding machine;
• electric drill;
• locksmith kit including hammer, wrench, pencil, tape measure, etc.

Assembly work steps the beds will be like this:

• cut the steel profile into parts according to the cutting charts;
• lay them out on a flat surface in accordance with the design, level and secure with clamps;
• tack the joints of the parts, taking into account final welding on all sides or complete welding of the seams without tacks;
• knock the slag off the seams and check their quality;
• if necessary, clean them with a grinder and a grinding wheel;
• drill holes;
• clean the surface with a metal brush to remove rust;
• prime the surface;
• paint it with a brush or spray paint.

For operation, the welding machine can be selected transformer based alternating current , inverter type device or semi-automatic device.

The stage of assembling the table is the most critical stage when assembling a vacuum press with your own hands. At the design stage, decide on its size and the material on which it will be made, and also consider a method for fixing and sealing the connector elements in order to preserve the internal vacuum. The tools required for the work are the same as for the bed.

Vacuum table is a structure that includes the following elements:

• bath;
• clamping frame;
• clamps and other elements.

Vacuum bath

You need to calculate the size of the bath before assembling it. Remember that the longer it is, the more blanks it will fit, but at the same time you will use more films in one working cycle. As practice shows, its optimal length is about 2.5 meters.

The width of the structure depends on the width of the PVC film used, most manufacturers produces products with a width of 1.4 m.

And the working height of the bath should be provided taking into account the presence small space between the upper part of the facade and the film with which it will be covered. So, before the air is pumped out, the film should not touch the workpiece.

As a bottom for baths are suitable steel sheet 2 mm thick, and a profile pipe is suitable for the frame. The pre-cut pipe must be laid on a slipway, secured with clamps and all junction points welded. A sheet of steel needs to be welded on top of the stiffening frame.

Manufacturing of the clamping frame and clamps

The frame is made on the basis of a profile pipe; its dimensions must strictly correspond to the parameters of the bathtub. To keep the clamping frame raised, you need install 4 gas elevators, and make sure they are able to hold it.

Clamps are needed to ensure reliable and tight holding of the film during the pressing process. To do this, the upper frame must be pressed tightly and evenly against the perimeter of the bath. The clamps work on the principle of eccentrics; they can also be made with your own hands using rolled steel.

To install them, you need to drill holes at 8 points on the vacuum table. The upper ones are enlarged and given an oblong shape. Next, they are adjusted by installing nuts into the threads of the stud and fixed with locknuts.

If the table does not have a perfectly flat surface, then you need to cut off the welds with a grinder; there is no need to do it all over again. Also, to ensure evenness, you can treat the table with special epoxy compounds, setting it strictly level and clearing the bottom of rust.

Vacuum system installation

A vacuum system is needed to remove and pump out air so that the film can easily cover the surface of the workpieces.

When installing it , consider the following points:

• it is desirable that the system components are not custom-made, and they could always be purchased at retail;
• it is best to choose inexpensive components that have satisfactory reliability and ease of use;
• the system must provide an air pumping speed and a vacuum depth that is sufficient to create typical flat facades and overlays;
• the air removal system should not be demanding on the environment and food quality;
• monitoring and control elements should be simple and inform about the current pressure, and they should also be used to smoothly regulate the speed of pumping out air.

Such a system consists of the following elements:

• liquid ring vacuum pump with water tank;
• a pipeline for delivering air from the table to a pump with a tap and a pressure control device;
• tabletop for pumping air from anywhere on the table, regardless of the position of the workpieces and film.

Features of a liquid ring pump and its installation

The pump must have the following technical characteristics:

• productivity 1.57 m3/min;
• three-phase voltage of the electric motor;
• electric motor power is 5.5 kW;
• residual pressure 0.45 mmHg;
• rotation speed is 1500 rpm.

His The operating principle is as follows:

• the impeller rotates eccentrically in the cylinder in the direction of the arrow;
• There is a working cavity between the wheel hub, water rings and the body; it is divided into cells by the wheel blades;
• During operation of the pump, water is thrown from the bushing to the housing under the influence of centrifugal force, and the volume of the cells increases and air is sucked in. Then this volume decreases, and the gas is pushed out through the discharge window during compression;
• to maintain a constant volume of the ring and to remove heat, it is necessary that only pure water. It is supplied to the central hole in the pump housing and discharged through a special device that separates water from gas. This prevents water from leaving the discharge pipe along with the air.

The pump must be installed on a special foundation or in concrete floor, it should be leveled, then it is secured with anchors through standard holes. Next to it you need to place a water tank with a volume of at least 30 liters. Two tubes are attached to it, one takes water with a pump, and the second drains the waste liquid into the tank. During circulation, the water heats up, and this negatively affects the operation of the pump. To ensure its natural cooling, the tank must be made of a material that conducts heat well, in particular steel or aluminum.

The pipe supplying water to the pump must be equipped with a tap that can shut off the water when not in use. The tank and pump are connected by flexible hoses and secured with metal clamps.

When you have assembled the pipeline and secured it to the press frame, installed and connected the pump, you can test the system operation. For this purpose, provide power to the pump according to a temporary scheme using circuit breaker. But it’s better to postpone testing until the press’s electrics are ready.

How to make a thermal module with your own hands

A thermal module is a heating device that allows you to uniformly heat the film to the required temperature and hold it for some time.

This stage of work is considered the easiest when assembling a vacuum press. For the thermal module frame we need steel pipe with a section of 20 by 20 mm. The housings of profile wheel supports and L-shaped handles for moving along the module rails will need to be welded to the frame. The wheels can be ball bearings.

Next you need a frame cover with sheet steel and secure with aluminum blind rivets. On the side of the casing you need to cut rectangular openings for viewing windows and insert silicate glass there, having previously darkened them with a tinting film. Cut one by one round hole 50 mm next to each window, this will be a control window for the purpose of measuring the temperature of the film, they also need to be equipped with sliding shutters. And to improve reflectivity, the inside of the thermal module must be equipped with aluminum foil.

To create a thermal module we will need:

• pull-out riveter;
• metal scissors;
• spanners;
• press jaws;
• device for removing insulation.

Now you need to install the heating elements. Linear lamps KGT (quartz halogen thermal) are suitable for this. They have a number of advantages:

• affordable price;
• high resource;
• efficient transfer of thermal energy through radiation.

Connecting the lamps according to the electrical diagram is the final stage of assembling a vacuum press. The lamp connection diagram takes into account the requirements in terms of three-phase load symmetry and possible zonal control of groups of lamps depending on the level of distance from the center of the table.

Now you have an idea about self-production vacuum press. If you decide to take on this work, then do not forget to use personal protective equipment, since it is not only difficult, but also dangerous if safety rules are not followed.

There are often situations in everyday life when you need to squeeze objects with enormous force. This is precisely what various pressed devices are used for. The most popular and reliable is the hydraulic design. Is it possible to make a press of any complexity with your own hands and use it in everyday life? To answer the question, you need to familiarize yourself in detail with the types of equipment and functions, and choose the right model for yourself.

Read in the article:

Purpose and functions of the press in everyday life and industry

A press is the oldest industrial device, which in many cases cannot be done without. It is used for pressing a huge range of different types of products and structures (from jewelry to airplanes).

Essentially, a press is a device that provides powerful compaction of various substances, as well as:

• squeezes out liquid;
• lifts and moves heavy objects.

Today there are 4 main types produced:

1. Wedges.
2. Lever.
3. Hydraulic.
4. Screw.

Types of hydraulic presses

Hydraulic models are divided into vertical and horizontal by type of design.

Vertical includes:

1. Pressing.
2. Pressing.
3. Stamping.

To horizontal:

1. Edit.
2. Chopping.
3. Flexion.

Vertical models can be found in construction and mechanical engineering. They consist of a high-pressure pump, which is used for labor-intensive pressing. To work along the bed guides, a low-pressure pump is used.

Applications of hydraulic press

The popularity of hydraulics is growing every year in various fields. Such irreplaceable equipment, industrial presses, excavators and powerful cranes work efficiently thanks to their unpretentious mechanism. Let's consider presses that operate on the basis of hydraulics and are used both in everyday life and in industry.

Device for silent blocks

Presses for silent blocks are used for pressing in and out of automotive bearings. The equipment performs a wide range of auto maintenance, repair and maintenance work.

Expert opinion

Tool selection consultant at VseInstrumenty.ru LLC

Ask a specialist

“If you are planning your own mini car service or just repairing cars yourself, then you can safely purchase a hydraulic press for silent blocks or make it yourself.”

When developing the unit, you need to consider the following parameters:

1. Dimensions.
2. Mass.
3. Installation of pressure gauge.
4. Calculate the parameters of the bed.
5. Piston performance.

There are many parameters to design this press. Some may have a 1-ton passenger car, while others may have a multi-ton truck. A simple press with minimal parameters is not suitable for a truck.

Advice! The simplest device, made independently, is made from a simple hydraulic jack with a conventional hand pump.

Description of the model for waste paper

A waste paper press is a must-have for your home and workshop. Over the years, many homes accumulate a quantity of unnecessary paperwork that needs to be disposed of. The device is manufactured with medium power. And it works from the mains, but does not absorb much electricity.

The compact model is able to recycle a lot of unnecessary waste paper. The equipment is used like a cardboard press, eliminating tin cans and plastic bottles.

At self-assembly the following parameters are taken into account:

1. Piston parameters.
2. Bed parameters.
3. Equipment dimensions.

A hydraulic pump (manual or ready-made) is used for pressure. For the simplest model, a conventional hydraulic jack is used.

Briquettes for sawdust

Briquettes are common for heating private houses; this is the simplest and effective method fuel. It is for these purposes that a sawdust press is made.

Press for fuel briquettes is a mechanical device that consists of the following elements:

1. Base.
2. Table.
3. Power frame.
4. Drive (mechanical or manual).

For a manual drive, a jack is often used as an addition, and for a mechanical drive, an electric motor. The family of briquette presses also includes a roller press.

Hay processing equipment

The device looks like a wooden box, which is mounted on a frame made of reliable timber. You can use it as a frame metal profiles.

The box itself is made without a roof, but with a gate. To make a homemade hay picker press, you will need some materials:

• Pre-finished boards.
• Corners.
• Metal slats for durability.

First, the treated boards are connected with metal corners using fastening bolts. Then, for strength, we line the box with metal slats. We move on to the door or gate, which is installed on hinges, like a standard door leaf.

To assemble a hay collecting apparatus you will need:

• The basis for installing all components.
• The main part of the attachment to the front.
• For the press box running element.
• Transport picker.
• Chamber, cylindrical, with press and gearbox.

Advice! The main attention in the model should be paid to the walk-behind tractor. The more powerful the mechanism, the higher the rotation speed will be.

How to make a garage appliance yourself

If you want to make a press with your own hands in the garage, then it is best to use manual drive(hydraulic pump). The model consists of chambers with 2 pistons, which are connected to each other by an oil line. A hydraulic press operates according to Pascal's law.

Models based on a pneumatic piston and pneumohydraulic structures are created for the garage.

Device and design of the press. Types of different models and their use in everyday life

The operating principle of, for example, hydraulic equipment resembles a mechanism that, with the help of human effort, can lift a load whose mass exceeds the capabilities of an ordinary person.

Hydraulic energy operates on this principle, based on different mechanisms:

1. Shock absorber.
2. Drive unit.
3. Pump.
4. Brake.

Today there is different types powerful, industrial and manual presses designed for home needs.

Press for the production of furniture facades

The press is used for the manufacture of furniture facades based on wood tiles and PVC. And also for decorative overlays For door leaves with your own hands. A vacuum press will become a reliable assistant in performing all these works.

Thermal vacuum press includes:

1. Camera.
2. Thermal module.
3. The chamber is made from a rigid, stable material that is not subject to deformation or compression.

The outer part is covered with PVC film with sealed edges.

Harvesting unit

The baler is an indispensable and reliable design for cases when it is necessary to completely remove hay and straw from the fields.

The unit itself is useful for the agricultural part. There are 2 types of cleaners, they are qualified for both large industrial units and small models:

1. Rolled.
2. Bale.

Industrial special equipment is an independent unit, and small models are attached to a walk-behind tractor.

Each type has its own characteristics, so before creating a model with your own hands, we recommend that you learn more about each model in more detail, watch the video:

Types of tabletop hydraulic presses by functionality

The table press is divided into two main types:

1. Universal.
2. Specialized.

Specialized models perform one specific operation, with ready-made equipment for this action.

Universal presses have huge functional differences. Tabletop structures are designed for different operations and equipped various technologies for each function.

Mechanical press

Desktop hand press can work both automatically and manually. The design gained its popularity due to its small size. The equipment is reliable and has great resources.

Thanks to the manual press you can process:

• foam;
• cardboard;
• polymers;
• rubber;
• skin;
• various types of metals.

Most often, this model can be seen in the metalwork industry. Thanks to the press, craftsmen significantly save time on the manufacture of bearings and pressing.

Vibropress and its application

This is an indispensable device for the construction of country houses:

1. Concrete blocks.
2. Expanded clay concrete blocks.
3. Pavement tiles.

If you make a home model of a brick making press with your own hands for your home, you can stamp blocks in unlimited quantities, ensuring, at a minimum, your own construction, and at maximum your own business.

Electro-hydraulic press

Equipment such as a hydraulic press with an electric drive is used not only in large industrial enterprises, but also in ordinary workshops.

It is thanks to the electric drive that a significant part of the problems can be solved:

• many types of work with metal products;
• work with bearings and shafts (production, pressing);
• pressing of products from wood shavings.

You can buy a hydraulic press with an electric drive, but not every ordinary person can afford such a luxury. We invite you to watch a video on how you can make the equipment yourself:

Construction of a hydraulic press for a garage, drawings, assembly

Experienced motorists make this kind of model on their own from available raw materials, which will subsequently allow them to carry out a number of free repairs and maintenance work on the car.

Note! In the independent production of hydraulic presses for the garage, it is often possible to use a manual drive.

1. We will need a hydraulic pump.
2. Choose a model: tabletop or floor-standing.
3. Drawing with dimensions.

Before we make a hydraulic press, we will need to develop a drawing with dimensions and some instructions.

Designing drawings of a hydraulic press with your own hands

Before production individual model, you need to decide exactly what type of activity the device will be used for and what power it should be.

The next and important stage is to develop a drawing of a hydraulic press with your own hands; consider several models:

Models	Description
Complex hydraulic model	Schematic drawing general view, requires time and the necessary specialized equipment.
Simple manual	Automotive, simple. You can do it yourself by reading the instructions.
Conventional tire changing machine	Two-speed with hand pump. There is a self-return system to the starting position. Mobile piston.
Floor model	There is an overload valve. Floor installation, two speeds, manual pump drive.
The model is assembled in simple conditions	When creating, a thick-walled pipe is used. For the floor structure you will need channels or corners with thick walls.

Advice! Before developing the drawing, we determine the layout and installation of the jack.

In most cases, the jack is installed from below at the base. The development of the drawing includes such an important detail as the structure of the bed. This is very important point, because all the load goes on it, so you need to take care of strength even before production.

How to make a hydraulic press with your own hands for the garage?

A small step-by-step instruction:

1. For the workbench you need a channel or metal pipe.
2. The cutting strips will be used for the table guides. The length of the guides and the width of the bed must be the same.
3. After the work is completed, the equipment is assembled and bolted.
4. A do-it-yourself hydraulic press involves making an adjustable, removable stop, which is made in the same way, but we make holes for fixing in the strips opposite the racks.

Installation of spring elements and a jack is the final stage in the construction of a hydraulic press for a garage. There are cases when a jack is not needed; it can be easily removed from the equipment.

1 (support beam on top);

2 (fastening elements);

3 (jack up to 20 t);

4 (spring mechanism);

5 (movable structure);

6 (stopper);

7 (adjustment device);

8 (transverse design);

9 (support legs).

Everything is securely fastenedThere are two options: using, which is more reliable. Bolt-on mounting available Do-it-yourself hydraulic press from a jack, drawing with a bolted connectionHere it is necessary to accurately calculate the press force Installation of the beam will be needed for greater rigidityYou can come up with a supporting element yourself, depending on your imagination. The presence of a crossbar at the bottom is mandatory for rigidity.

Advice! When producing a hydraulic press from a jack, first of all, you need to ensure the strength of the frame; it is on it that the load will be placed.

Which jack is suitable for our design?

Today, the glass jack is most often used for the production of hydraulic presses. There are inexpensive devices that can squeeze more than twenty tons.

Note! But there is a problem in using such equipment; they are not able to function upside down.

It seems logical to fix the jack on the upper beam and use the lower one as a support, but in this case the jack will have to be modified.

Design modification:

• Option 1: install the tank and connect it to the hole for filling the jack using a silicone tube.
• Option 2: will require a new development of the jack itself.

Operation of the clamping system

To make a press from a hydraulic jack with your own hands, a rod is formed. Many craftsmen claim that it is not convenient to use. Need big square for the development of various, large molds and large-sized parts.

In the role of blocks, you can use ingots, in which blind holes are made to strengthen them with the main structure of the press. If you don’t have the financial means, you can make the units yourself. You need to make a hole in the beam where the heel of the jack should fit, with virtually no gap. Then we make several holes for the return mechanism.

Then at the top of the assembly we weld a piece of pipe to fit the jack. We weld the lower part using corners.

The role of the adjustable support beam

To attach a portable beam, massive steel fingers are suitable. On the vertical part of the frame we make a series of round cuts at different heights. The diameter of the notches must match the cross-section of all bolts.

Installation of the return mechanism

The last detail in the design of a hydraulic press is the return or spring mechanism. Here you can insert regular door springs. The task can become much more difficult when using a top headstock, since its own weight may prevent the spring mechanism from compressing.

Advice! One option is to increase the number of springs to 6 or use more powerful parts.

What you need to know when creating a hydraulic structure

1. To create the necessary pressure, either a built-in or removable hydraulic device is used. It all depends on the equipment used for the homemade press.
2. Before you start your small production, you need to know exactly what this model will be used for.
3. Depending on the effort, you need to select the degree of reliability of the jack.
4. Before work, you need to make a small plan and create a drawing for your future design.

Video review: DIY hydraulic press

In conclusion

A self-made hydraulic press has a number of undeniable advantages:

1. The simple and inexpensive design will please you for a long time.
2. The model does not have various types of safety devices for rebooting, which simplifies the model.
3. The operation of the device is not affected by the position of the work table.
4. You can safely change the parameters of the height and length of the working stroke.

Today it is impossible to imagine a garage or car service without hydraulic equipment. Having completed the press with your own hands, you will receive exactly the device that will serve you for a long time. In conclusion, we would like to offer you a video to clearly see the intricacies of home production of a hydraulic press.

The furniture industry today is developing at a very active pace, which is associated with an increase in people's well-being and, accordingly, with an increase in demand for furniture that improves the quality of life and makes it more comfortable. This, as well as the fact that modern consumers have become more demanding not only of the quality of furniture, but also of its decorative characteristics, has led to the fact that enterprises operating in this industry have become increasingly active in using innovative techniques and high-tech technologies in their production. equipment, one type of which is a vacuum press.

The use of a vacuum machine and corresponding consumables allows you to provide furniture with completely unique decorative characteristics, which significantly increases competitive advantages enterprises that use this equipment in their production.

Operating principle

The main area of ​​application of vacuum presses is the furniture industry, where such equipment is used in the production of elements of cabinet and upholstered furniture - for gluing elements of furniture structures with PVC film and veneer, which perform primarily decorative functions. The tasks of the vacuum press in this case include depositing the film or veneer and ensuring their tight fit to the surface of the furniture structural element.

The principle by which a vacuum press works for veneering and covering furniture blanks with PVC film is quite simple. The heated film, which has become more plastic under the influence of the vacuum created under its surface, tightly fits the furniture piece, accurately repeating its configuration.

The film applied using vacuum technology to the surface of a piece of furniture made from MDF or chipboard lasts a very long time and does not contain even the smallest air bubbles.

Film wrapping process PVC furniture element using a vacuum press includes such technological operations as:

• laying furniture pieces on the equipment table;
• covering the workpieces with film and installing a pressure frame;
• sealing the vacuum chamber;
• heating the chamber and pumping air out of it;
• cooling of workpieces already covered with film;
• cutting the film along the contour of the blanks.

Design features

The vacuum press for furniture facades and other elements of its design consists of the following elements:

1. a vacuum table on the surface of which furniture pieces are laid (the surface of such a table must have high rigidity, so it is sheathed sheet metal or thick tin);
2. a vacuum pump, the task of which is to pump out air from under the surface of the film for furniture blanks;
3. a clamping frame, which is also made of durable metal (the function of such a frame, equipped with reliable clamping elements, is to ensure the tightness of the air cavity under the film that covers the furniture blanks);
4. heating installation, which can be made on the basis of working elements various types;
5. cover of a vacuum press, which can be hinged or roll-type.

Most models of vacuum presses are additionally equipped with one or more shafts installed at the end of the equipment. Such shafts, which make working on a vacuum press more convenient and reduce the time required to complete technological operations, are used to install rolls of film used for coating.

Many modern models Vacuum presses for MDF and chipboard can operate in automatic mode, which is ensured by CNC systems installed on such equipment. The use of CNC vacuum presses is especially relevant for enterprises that produce furniture in series, when such equipment has to be used to cover many similar parts with film or veneer. In such cases, CNC systems installed on such equipment make it possible to increase its productivity and, accordingly, reduce the cost of manufactured products.

Main varieties

Today, two types of vacuum presses are produced:

1. conventional type equipment (such presses are used in cases where it is necessary to exert the most gentle influence on the workpiece, and are capable of creating a pressure whose value does not exceed 0.95 kg/cm 2);
2. high pressure vacuum presses (equipment of this type capable of providing pressure up to 8.5 kg/cm2).

Equipment of the first type is used in cases where it is necessary to cover products with a simple configuration with PVC film or veneer. Vacuum presses capable of creating high pressure, are used for veneering or covering with PVC film parts of complex shapes. In addition, such equipment is often used as a vacuum molder, with the help of which three-dimensional products of various configurations are made from sheet plastic.

Purpose of the membrane in the design of a vacuum press

Both types of devices are equipped with a special membrane, so their more correct name is membrane-vacuum presses. Such an element of a vacuum press is used both when veneering elements of furniture structures and when covering them with PVC film. In the first case, the membrane is necessary in order to increase the pressure exerted on the surface of the workpiece and the coating material during the process of joining them. In addition, when creating a veneer layer on the surface of a workpiece made of MDF or chipboard, the membrane prevents the coating material from shifting relative to the surface of the workpiece during the process of joining them. When covering furniture pieces too thin films The PVC membrane protects them from negative impact high temperatures created in a vacuum chamber.

The membranes that vacuum presses are equipped with can be of two types: rubber and made of silicone. More preferred option membranes are made of silicone, as they are more wear-resistant and make it possible to cover even very small parts with PVC film.

Other Applications

In addition to gluing the surface of furniture structural elements with veneer and PVC film, a membrane vacuum press (MVP) can be successfully used to solve other problems, which, in particular, include:

• transfer of inscriptions and images to any surface using sublimation;
• formation from plastic sheets volumetric parts for various purposes.

To transfer images from special paper to almost any (including embossed) surfaces using the sublimation method, equipment such as a thermal vacuum press is used. Using a thermal vacuum membrane press, you can apply inscriptions and images to products made from ceramics, plastic, textiles and other materials.

The principle on which a membrane vacuum heat press works is as follows.

• The product with a sheet of paper attached to it, from which an inscription or image needs to be transferred, is placed on the table of a vacuum press.
• The tight pressure of a sheet of paper with an image or inscription on the product is ensured by the press membrane, under which a vacuum is created.
• Under the press lid, after it is closed, a temperature is created, under the influence of which the image or inscription from the paper is transferred to the surface of the product.

Vacuum heat presses, presented on the modern market with a wide variety of models, are actively used by both large printing enterprises and small companies engaged in the production of souvenirs.

A vacuum molding press is used to produce relief-shaped products from sheet plastic. Using such a molding machine, which operates on the principle of a membrane-vacuum press, three-dimensional products can be made from flat plastic sheets, the depth of depressions or convexities on the surface of which reaches up to 500 mm. The housings of vacuum presses of this type, as a rule, are designed for fairly large products, which makes it possible to produce a wide range of products using such equipment.

Modern models of vacuum molding presses, equipped with CNC systems, have the option of simultaneously heating different areas of the workpiece to different temperatures. This makes it possible to produce volumetric products with rather complex relief from sheet plastic. The entire processing process on such equipment is controlled and controlled by a CNC system. Thus, do-it-yourself vacuum forming is not performed when using this equipment; the machine operator only sets the program, and the machine does the rest.

How to choose the right equipment

Choosing a membrane vacuum press for a solution certain tasks, you should focus on its most important parameters.

Pump brand and country of origin

Vacuum presses can be equipped with pumps from foreign (usually Italian) or domestic manufacturers. In the first case, a membrane vacuum press will cost more, but the pump installed on it will be more reliable. Meanwhile, domestic vacuum pumps are also quite reliable, but most importantly, there should be no problems with their repair, since finding spare parts for domestic pumping equipment is not particularly difficult.

Vacuum table lining material

It is very important that it is metal and not chipboard sheets, which some manufacturers use for such purposes. After a short period of use, tables made from chipboard will simply become unusable.

Dimensions

This is one of the most important characteristics, which you should pay special attention to when you choose a membrane-vacuum press. The dimensions of the vacuum press primarily determine the number of workpieces that can be processed on it simultaneously. Naturally, the larger this quantity, the more productive the vacuum press will be. Meanwhile, it should also be taken into account that the size of the equipment directly affects its cost, so in this case the best option should be chosen.

Type of heating devices

The vast majority of experts advise choosing vacuum presses equipped with KGT lamps, when using which the film glued to top part bent parts, does not melt or burn out. In the same case, if you select equipment equipped with heating elements, you will have to constantly monitor that the distance from such heating elements to the very top of the workpiece surface was at least 150 mm.

Press brand

Since vacuum presses are quite expensive equipment, it is not worth choosing a device from unknown manufacturers, which will then have to be constantly repaired.

Self-production of a vacuum press

Many private furniture makers and owners of small furniture companies, guided by a natural desire to minimize costs, are wondering how to make a vacuum press with their own hands. You can make such a machine with your own hands; it’s easy to find drawings of this equipment on the Internet, and there are no special problems with purchasing components for it. An important incentive for realizing such a desire is the fact that the cost of a homemade vacuum press, if you approach the issues of its manufacture correctly, will be significantly lower than the cost of serial equipment.

If you wish and have good skills in working with equipment, you can also make a machine for vacuum forming with your own hands, if there is a need for equipment that allows you to make three-dimensional products from flat plastic sheets.

Before you start making a vacuum press with your own hands, you should thoroughly study the design of such equipment and decide on technical parameters devices that you need and purchase Consumables and components. In addition, you can use the advice and videos posted on the Internet from those who have already made a vacuum press with their own hands and share their experience.