"Perspective".
The main feature of the complex is that work on its creation was carried out in parallel with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary general education(FGOS), the requirements of which have found their theoretical and practical implementation in the textbooks of the TMC "Perspektiva".
The educational and methodological complex "Perspektiva" (series "Academic school textbook") was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school Russian education. UMK was developed within the walls of the Federal Institute for the Development of Education of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The Institute is headed by the head of the Department of Personality Psychology of Moscow State University, Academician A.G. Asmolov, under whose leadership theoretical and methodological materials were developed, which are the backbone components of the Federal State Educational Standards and focused on the development of the personality of the student based on the assimilation of universal educational activities.
methodological basis new complex is system-activity approach. In this regard, in the textbooks of the Perspektiva EMC, tasks aimed at including children in activities are built into a system that allows you to build the learning process as a two-way one:
§ learning as a means formation of universal educational activities and personal qualities of younger students;
§ learning as a goal - obtaining knowledge in accordance with the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program of the Federal State Educational Standard.
EMC ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of program material, comprehensive development the personality of the younger student, taking into account his age features, interests and needs. A special place in the UMC "Perspektiva" is given to the formation of spiritual and moral values , acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage of the world and Russia, with the traditions and customs of the peoples inhabiting our homeland. The textbooks include tasks for independent, pair and group work, project activities, as well as materials that can be used in extracurricular and extracurricular activities.
The UMC uses unified navigation system for teachers, students and parents, which helps to work with information, organize and structure educational material, plan the student's activities in the lesson, organize the implementation homework, forms the skill of independent work.
Educational and methodical set "Teaching literacy". 1 class. A second: L.F. Klimanov, S.G. Makeev. The literacy course is distinguished by a communicative-cognitive and spiritual-moral orientation. The main goal of the course is the active formation of all types of speech activity: the ability to write, read, listen and speak, the development of speech thinking in first graders, the ability to communicate and understand themselves and others. Efficiency new system is provided with educational material selected in accordance with the level of development of the child's cognitive interests, game and entertaining exercises, structural-figurative models of words that are inscribed in various communicative and speech situations. In this regard, the word is presented in a different way, namely, not only as a sound-letter complex, but as a unity of meaning, meaning and its sound-letter form. All the conditions for a differentiated approach to students with different levels of preparation for school have been created on the pages of the TMC "Teaching Literacy".
Educational and methodical set "Russian language". A second: L.F. Klimanov, S.G. Makeeva (Grade 1), L.F. Klimanov, T.V. Babushkina (grades 2-4). In EMC "Perspektiva" the system of teaching the Russian language is organically linked with literacy and has a common communicative-speech, cognitive and spiritual-moral orientation. Course features - holistic view of the language , which provides the study of the language system (its phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects), speech activity and text as a speech work.
In this regard, language is seen as essential tool communication, cognition and influence, as a special sign system, where the sign is not a sound or a letter, but a word in the unity of its meaning and sound. The study of the word and the sentence as two-sided units of the language is carried out on structural-figurative models, in communicative speech situations and texts of various stylistic orientations, which significantly increases interest in language and speech, contributes to the conscious study of grammar and spelling. A new integrated approach to language learning develops the functional literacy of students, increases the level of their general culture and creative activity, teaches children to communicate and better understand each other.
UMK "Literary reading". A second: L.F. Klimanov, L.A. Vinogradskaya, V.G. Goretsky. The main task of the EMC "Literary Reading" is formation of the personality of a younger student , acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage and the formation of reading competence. For this, the textbook uses highly artistic texts, folklore works different peoples. The system of questions and tasks contributes to the formation of a culture of speech communication, the development of students' creative abilities, introduces them to spiritual and moral values, introduces them to ethical and aesthetic standards, develops figurative and logical thinking students and forms in younger students an interest in art
the work as the art of the word. The headings “Independent reading”, “Family reading”, “Going to the library”, “Our theater”, “Reader-educator”, “Little and big secrets of the country of Literature”, “My favorite writers” offer various forms work with a literary work, systematize knowledge and enrich the practical experience of the child, they present a system for working with a book both in class and in extracurricular activities. Education of children is built on a communicative and activity basis.
UMK "Mathematics". A second: G.V. Dorofeev, T.N. Mirakova. "Teaching not only mathematics, but also mathematics" is the leading idea of the TMC line in mathematics, aimed at strengthening the general cultural sound of mathematical education and increasing its significance for the formation of a child's personality. In this regard, the content of the material is focused on the formation in younger students of the ability to observe, compare, generalize, find the simplest patterns, which allows them to master heuristic methods of reasoning, their logic, develops divergence of thinking, as an essential component of mental activity, speech culture and allows you to expand your understanding of the world by means of mathematics. Importance is given to the development of numerical literacy of students, the formation of computational skills based on rational ways actions. The textbooks have the same structure and consist of 3 sections: numbers and actions with them, geometric shapes and their properties, quantities and their measurement. Each textbook is equipped with a system of tasks aimed at developing figurative and logical thinking, spatial perception, imagination, and intuition. The practical tasks proposed by the authors contribute to the formation of mathematical knowledge and skills, allowing them to be applied by students in various life situations and form a holistic picture of the world. Textbooks contain tasks of different levels of complexity, which allows the teacher to differentiate the learning process.
UMK "World around". A second: A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya.
The main idea of the course is the idea of the unity of the world of nature and the world of culture . The surrounding world is considered as a natural and cultural whole, man as a part of nature, the creator of culture and its product. The course reveals the structure of the concept of "world around" in the unity of its three components: nature, culture, man. These three components are consistently considered at different socio-cultural levels of society (family, school, small homeland, native country, etc.), thanks to which the main pedagogical approaches to the development of the subject are determined: communicative-activity, cultural-historical, spiritually-oriented. The content of the course "The World Around" contributes to effective construction extracurricular activities younger schoolchildren, including project work, work with families. In this regard, at the end of each topic in the program, a “Block of extra-curricular, out-of-school work” is proposed with an approximate topic that any teacher can transform, taking into account the regional and local conditions in which a particular school is located.
UMK "Technology". A second: N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, N.V. Dobromyslova. The main objective of the subject "Technology" is to create conditions for students to gain experience in project activities from conception to product presentation. Younger students master the techniques of working with paper, plasticine and natural materials, constructor, study the properties of various materials and the rules for working with them. This approach creates conditions for the formation of regulative universal educational activities in younger students, allows the formation of specific personal qualities (accuracy, attentiveness, willingness to help, etc.), communication skills (work in pairs, groups), the ability to work with information and learn basic computer skills. The material in the textbooks is built in the form of a journey that introduces students to human activities in different areas: Man and Earth, Man and water, Man and air, Man and information space. The textbook "Technology" introduced a sign system for assessing the quality and complexity of the product, which allows you to form the motivation for success and self-esteem of the student.
The teaching aids of the set are developed in accordance with the requirements of the standard of general education of the second generation and are focused on creating a holistic picture of the world for the child, the harmonious development of the personality of the younger student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs.
The textbooks of the kit contain tasks of varying degrees of complexity, which gives the teacher a tool for implementing a differentiated approach to each student. All publications of Perspektiva use an intuitive navigation system that helps the child navigate the educational material and creates conditions for the inclusion of parents in the learning process.
All textbooks in the set have passed the examination of the Russian Academy of Education and are included in the federal list of textbooks approved for use in educational institutions.
The teachers working on this EMC made the following conclusions:
1. For UMK "Perspektiva" methodological support "Technological maps" was developed, which are published on the website of the publisher. They clearly show how interdisciplinary connections are realized and metasubject skills are formed.
2. Textbooks of teaching materials form the interest of children in the history of their family, small and large Motherland, traditions and customs of the peoples of Russia, cultural heritage, labor activity, etc. The textbooks include theoretical material, to which practical, research and creative tasks are proposed, which allow you to activate the child's activity, allow you to apply the knowledge gained in practical activities, create conditions for the realization of the creative potential of the student.
3. Each textbook is equipped with a system of tasks aimed at developing both logical and figurative thinking, imagination, intuition of the child, the formation of a value worldview and moral position of the individual.
4. Training in the "Perspective" package will allow each student to maintain self-respect and interest in learning and discovering something new. Cognitive activity and student initiative are welcome. In textbooks, tasks are offered in such a way as to revive the cognitive activity, curiosity and cognitive interest of the child. The new system directs the child's activity into the sphere of culture and free creativity.
Another advantage of EMC "Perspektiva" is that, studying according to this program, the student at each lesson discovers future learning topics for himself. Education is based on the dialectical principle, when the introduction of new concepts and ideas, initially presented in a visual-figurative form or in the form of a problem situation, precedes their detailed study.
5. An important condition for the success of the implementation of the program "Perspective" is an individual approach to each student. Textbooks contain tasks of varying degrees of complexity, providing the opportunity to vary the tasks, taking into account the level of preparedness of the student. The choice of tasks that lie in the zone of proximal development of the child (i.e. tasks, the implementation of which involves joint work with the teacher and at the same time requires the mobilization of their own efforts, allowing the student to experience a sense of success and pride in their achievements), makes learning truly developing. Training in the zone of proximal development forms such personal qualities as purposefulness, perseverance, self-confidence, readiness to overcome difficulties.
6. The federal educational standard for elementary education does not imply an assessment of the personal results of a child's development. Personal development is understood as the creation of conditions for self-knowledge, moral and ethical development, self-esteem. In the textbooks of UMK "Perspektiva" much attention is paid to the moral and ethical formation of the personality. The textbooks on literary reading include works that allow one to comprehend spiritual and moral values, the content of the textbooks "The World Around" includes materials of a cultural nature, this approach makes it possible to acquaint students with the concepts of tradition, values, national characteristics. tolerance. As part of the subject "Technology", which is built on the basis of project activities, students get acquainted with folk crafts, professions and crafts, production cycles, which forms a positive attitude towards work and "working people".
This issue is especially acute for parents of future first-graders. Everyone wants not to harm either the child or themselves. A survey of acquaintances and the study of sites begins in the hope of finding an answer to the question of interest.
Parents face a choice educational program.
But whatever the program, a lot depends on the primary school teacher: teaching style, interest, responsibility, attitude towards children and work. It would probably be fair to say that in elementary school "you need to go to the teacher." So it’s worth learning more about the teachers who will recruit future first graders and.
Let's start by listing the existing programs for the 2017-2018 academic year in Russian schools:
It should also be noted that all curricula are developed in accordance with the CEO, which allows you to master necessary minimum knowledge (invariant part of textbooks) or admissible for inquisitive (variable part).
Let's analyze the pros and cons of each curriculum in elementary school:
OS "School 2100"
This program is continuous from kindergarten to 11th grade. Covers a large amount of material. The teacher directs and controls the search activity of students. The most difficult subjects are mathematics Kozlova S. A. and the world around Vakhrusheva A. A.
At the moment, the program is limited in the use of schools, as study guides were not included in the Federal List, that is, they did not pass the examination of the Ministry of Education.
Pros: students are trained to learn and acquire knowledge. They can easily find the information they need. They write a lot of essays and presentations, essays, have a broad outlook of knowledge.
Minuses: tasks are feasible for mastering middle and high level students, requires control and help from parents. Another disadvantage is that not all middle and high school teachers are ready to continue their education in the 5th grade.
The traditional program, according to which many studied in the Soviet period, and today it remains relevant, involves the cultivation of patriots who want to learn, study the country in which you live, love nature, respect other people.
Pros: tasks are feasible for the development of students of even a very weak level.
Minuses: few developing tasks for logic, thinking, expanding the horizons of children. Here everything will depend on the teacher who is ready to go beyond the program, select developing, logical tasks. The horizon of knowledge of students will be insufficient for successful education in the middle link.
The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov
Elkonin D. B. and Davydov V. V. are well-known psychologists, founders of the developmental education system. The program is complex, but “brilliant”, fundamentally different from other systems as a whole.
Students should be in constant search of information, develop theoretical thinking and imagination. It is assumed that students go to school not for grades, but for knowledge. For evaluation, an evaluation ruler or scale is used for students and the teacher. As a result, the child develops self-esteem, self-control and self-education. The methodology is also characterized by a minimum of homework.
Pros: children strive for knowledge, not marks, they are highly motivated, have deep knowledge, a desire for non-standard thinking. Lessons are interesting, games are often used. And again, it all depends on the teacher, who knows exactly what to do.
Minuses: the complex level of the subjects taught, it is difficult to adapt to a different teaching system in the changed conditions.
Zankov L.V. - psychologist, developer of a developmental training program. Education under this program takes place in a creative form, unconventionally, at a fast pace, information from the middle classes is offered for review. Much attention is paid to the development of logic, thinking, independent extraction of knowledge.
Pros: children consciously learn, have to argue and prove their point of view, work in groups is used. Training takes place by virtue of its capabilities, since the program does not intend to reach the maximum.
Minuses: required for admission to school good preparation, and upon admission to the middle link, continuation is necessary, otherwise everything is in vain.
And again the problem is the lack of “smart” teachers who are sick of Zank ideas.
EMC "Planet of Knowledge"
A program with an emphasis on the development of creative abilities and thinking of primary school students. The teacher controls and helps to open the "planet of knowledge".
Pros: bright attractive textbooks, creative development of the child.
Minuses: when entering school, good preparation in counting and writing is necessary. A large amount of homework, as well as text errors in textbooks.
EMC "Perspective Primary School" or PNSh
Roza Churakova - head of the team of authors, candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor at the Academy for Advanced Studies of Educators. "PNS" or Promising Primary School is a humanitarian program based on student-centered principles of the educational process.
Pros: textbooks in grades 1-4 are based on the life experience of the child, they teach to speak, read and observe.
At the end of elementary school, students move to the secondary level with a large store of knowledge prepared for further education. They independently search for information in different sources and use it, work with a large number of dictionaries.
Minuses: program requires direct assistance parents and active participation. The course requires an experienced and trained teacher, with whom everything will be accessible and understandable.
EMC "Primary school of the XXI century"
One of the most widespread programs in Russia, awarded the Presidential Prize. Project Manager - Vinogradova N.F.
Pros: fully complies with the FGOS. Children show good result. Students learn self-control and self-esteem. Very strong textbook on literary reading, well presented classics, text analysis.
Minuses: many parents, and even teachers, are strained by other spellings of letters in the 1st grade, the listing of words with a small letter; a kind of presentation of material in mathematics, different from other programs. The program is developing, like many others, requires the direct participation of parents and a skilled teacher.
UMK "Perspective"
The name of the program promises a lot. The main thing is to educate a spiritually developed personality, a citizen. The author of the project is Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Peterson L.
Pros: teaches children to keep up with the modern world, to be prepared, to defend their position.
Minuses: a large amount of information, requires the constant participation of parents.
Pros: a variety of educational material teaches students to independently search for the right decision, think logically, argue and discuss.
Minuses: requires good preparation for school, since in the future it implies close cooperation with parents, many topics are submitted for self-education.
- first of all, parents of future first-graders need to focus on the level of development of their child;
- take seriously the choice of a primary school teacher, because a competent, experienced teacher will make any program interesting and useful, and the child will definitely learn it;
- it is also necessary to remember that the success of education depends not only on the teacher, but also on the desire of parents to participate in the life of the student himself, to spend their time and energy.
"Features of the program" Perspective "
Kuzminova Elena Vasilievna
MOU Pustynskaya OOSh
The system of textbooks "Perspective" reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy and at the same time maintains a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education.
Academic Supervisor system of textbooks "Perspektiva" since 2010 became a doctor of pedagogical sciences, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of educationL.G. Peterson .
The advantages of teaching according to the system of textbooks for elementary school "Perspektiva" is that,the nature of the construction of educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things. In textbooks, tasks are presented in such a way that cognitive activity, cognitive interest and curiosity of the child grew into a need to learn new things, to learn independently. The student at each lesson, as it were, reveals the content of future topics.
Each textbook is equipped with a system of tasks aimed at developing both the logical and figurative thinking of the child, his imagination, intuition. In the textbooks, theoretical material is systematically built, to which practical, research and creative tasks are proposed,
Much attention in the system "Perspective" is given to
artistic design of textbooks and teaching aids,
modern design, great quality printing, "warm" and "smiling" illustrations: And relevant to modern standards, the content of teaching aids, systematically and clearly stated.
This and diversity interesting views work, both for independent search work: “quizzes”, riddles, logical tasks with the participation of cartoon characters, fairy tales, the use of geometric and graphic material, tables, and for cooperation with classmates (“do the work in pairs”), with the family (“ find out from your grandmother, “tell your parents”).
In addition, all publicationsa navigation system was used to help the child navigate the educational material, and creates conditions for the inclusion of parents in the learning process.
And the presence of workbooks on the outside world, the Russian language, technology allows you to increase the pace of the lesson and its productivity.
The system of textbooks for elementary school "Perspektiva" was created in parallel with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.
A large number of developmental tasks are presented in the EMC (“Compare, prove why it is so, what do you know, think, remember, find ...”), which allows you to build the educational process in a problematic and research way. In the lessons on the world around and at home, each student will be able to generalize and supplement their knowledge using the section "Behind the pages of the textbook"
In 2011, electronic supplements to L.F. Klimanova's textbook "ABC", "Russian language" and to N.I. Rogovtseva's textbook "Technology" were published in the system of textbooks "Perspektiva".
Thus, the textbooks of the program "Perspective":
do not give ready-made knowledge, but teach children to think, provide evidence, draw conclusions;
educate children in the spirit of traditional spiritual and moral values: love for the Motherland, for its history, for nature, for their loved ones;
correspond to all the principles of didactics: scientific character, connection of learning with life, nurturing learning, developing learning, systematic, conscientiousness, visibility, accessibility.
The textbook "ABC" for the 1st grade by L.F. Klimanova and S.G. Makeeva is compiled in the best traditions of domestic alphabet writing.
As in most modern alphabets, teaching in this textbook is divided into pre-letter, alphabetic and post-alphabetic periods (the authors named them as preparatory, basic and generalizing periods).
Widely used and game methods: charades, puzzles, crossword puzzles, riddles, making words from "lotto" syllables.
The authors, when considering the concept of a syllable, abandoned the classification of syllables (syllables-mergers, letters outside the mergers, open, closed syllables etc.) At the same time, the classification of consonants according to hardness-softness and the identification of their opposition on the model of not only a syllable, but also a whole word (mouse - bear, cat - whale, chalk - mayor, crowbar - flax, nose - carried) . The same can be said about the opposition of voiced and deaf consonants (mountain - bark, tooth - soup, volume - house, awl - lived). The results of the consideration of these oppositions are recorded in the tablets."Knots for memory" (p.77, 91, 108-109 in Part I and p.22-23, 44-45, 68-69 in Part II). In general, these tablets resemble those in the Russian alphabet.
A characteristic feature of the textbook is that lexical work is constantly, purposefully, but not intrusively, carried out on homonyms (onion - onion), homoforms (washed - washed), homographs (castle - castle), homonymy of roots (goose - goose - caterpillar), ambiguity (spruce needles, hedgehog and sewing needles), thematic groups of words (jackdaw - magpie - oriole, aster - iris - primrose, marmot - gopher - rat), antonyms (easy - difficult), nests of single-root words (snow - snowball - snowballs - snowflakes), phraseological units (winter on the nose, chop on your nose).
Attention is also paid to the study of spelling. Traditionally, spelling is given during the period of literacy capital letters at the beginning of a sentence and in proper names, the spelling of the combinations ZhI-SHI, CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU. This material is presented in this textbook.
Words and texts used as illustrative and training material in the main section of the alphabet are available for perception by first graders. Widely used are Russian proverbs, sayings, riddles, tongue twisters, texts of Russian classical children's literature (V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Pushkin, A.K. Tolstoy, L.N. Tolstoy, A.A. Fet, V. Maikov , K.D. Ushinsky, works of poets and prose writers of the twentieth century - S. Marshak, A. Barto, D. Kharms, B. Zakhoder, V. Berestov, I. Tokmakova, N. Matveeva and others and popular science articles .Bianchi, N.Sladkova and A.Pleshakova)
Minuses: (in contrast to the Russian ABC of Goretsky) very little plot pictures which would not interfere with the development of speech. Therefore, it is necessary to select pictures with plots for the lesson.
Recipe Copybook 1 “Draw, think, tell” (authors L.F. Klimanova, V.I. Romanina, L.N. Boreyko) is intended for work in the pre-letter period, copybooks 2 and 3 “My alphabet” (author L.F. Klimanova) - in alphabetical and copybook 4 "I write beautifully" (authors L.F. Klimanova and L.Ya. Zheltovskaya) - in the post-alphabetic period.
Of particular interest is prescription 1 “Draw, think, tell”, which is designed to train fine motor skills of the hand and eye as preparatory exercises for writing letters. Here are all the necessarytypes of work: various hatching , tracing and coloring drawings, writing out elements of block letters . But apart from this purely utilitarian function,prescriptions contribute to the development of spatial and temporal perception of the surrounding world. Children should reflect on the concepts: what is the center of a square and a circle, which object is larger and which is smaller, which path is longer and which is shorter, where the direction is to the right and where to the left, which objects are similar and which are different. Children learn to compare, compare, group, distinguish, practically get acquainted with the concept of a set and its elements.
Recipe "My alphabet" in two parts also contains a number of interesting findings. Given the great complexity of the writing process for first graders,the author introduces game moments: rebuses, sections "Riddles of words", metatheses (composing words by rearranging syllables), adding "lost" elements of letters, "letter mosaic" (composing letters from disparate elements), chainwords, coloring.
Much attention is paid to the varietywork with sound-letter schemes of words. Vocabulary is not forgotten either: exercises are given to determine the polysemy of words, homonyms, to compose thematic groups words. Quite often, exercises are given to develop speech: compiling sentences and texts with the inclusion of the studied words.
The copybook "I write beautifully" is intended for further development of calligraphy skills. Writing assignments are much more difficult. This is the writing of whole phrases, proverbs, answers to questions, stories. In the final lessons, this is writing notes and letters, that is, the practical assimilation of such a communicative-oriented genre as epistolary.
Textbook "The world around" by A.A. Pleshakov and M.Yu. Novitskaya
DESIGNED FOR THE CHILD. This is a textbook ABOUT THE CHILD and HIS WORLD.
A distinctive feature of the textbook is the presentation of the world not as a separate object of study, but through personal perception: the world of your family, the world of your class, the natural world of your yard, the world of your school, your Motherland.
Most of the information to be studied is entered
inductively,through observation, photo matching, completing tasks,
and the information itself is given at the end of the lesson as a conclusion, the result of students' reflections. This information is presented simply, clearly, clearly, understandably by first-graders. Inductive and problem-based approaches, which require children to think and prove, contribute to the development of their thinking and speech.
The textbook is richly illustrated with photographs, reproductions of paintings by Russian artists and drawings specially made for this edition.
The main advantage of the textbook "Technology: man, nature, technology" by N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, I.P. to children who not only learn to do crafts with my own hands, but study the basics of their manufacturing technology, that is, the features of materials, the stages of preparatory work, the stages of work, design features. The textbook is addressed to the children of the 21st century, who live in different sociocultural conditions than the children of the 20th century, and is designed to prepare them as versatile and competitive citizens who possess not only labor skills, but also technological thinking. And the fact that the authors propose to develop such thinking from the very first days of schooling increases the relevance and significance of this textbook.
The textbook of technology is also connected with the textbooks "ABC", "Russian language", "Literary reading", included in the line of teaching materials "Perspective". This is evidenced by the fact that this textbook opens with a similar section "Let's get to know each other", a dialogical way of presenting information, the presence of the same constant characters Anya, Vanya and Sovenok, the inclusion of proverbs, poems, riddles, information on the history of writing and other ways of communicating people in the textbook .
Textbook structure"Mathematics" L.G. Peterson
savestraditional lesson structure
, which helps the teacher to plan and determine the purpose of the lesson.
Textbookstarts with a pre-number period
, in which attention is focused oncomparing and counting objects
,
development of spatial and temporal representations
.
Introduced new topic Sets and actions on them
", which is the implementation of the" set-theoretic approach to the introduction of the basic concepts of "number", "value", "figure".
The study of the numbering of numbers from 1 to 10 is associated with geometric material.
This approach is logically justified. Numbers and digits are entered sequentially one by one in accordance with their place in the natural series of numbers.
Atlearning how to add and subtract
within 10 the authors entered the workwith a number line.
This allows you to clearly explain the calculation algorithm to children.
Textbook "Mathematics" for grade 1 author L. G. Peterson of the developing type. Its content is mainly aimed at the intellectual development of younger students, the formation of culture and independence of thought. In the primary grades, especially in the first grade, methods of educational work are just beginning to take shape. Therefore, a continuous clear line is needed, aimed at developing attention, observation, memory, the ability to analyze, compare, and find patterns. This line, it seems to me, is visible in this tutorial.
Before studying the number, a lot of work is done with the concept of "set", "element of the set", which allows children to more easily learn the order of numbers, and the meaning of addition and subtraction.
The textbook is distinguished by a thoroughly thought-out work with a text task. Before the introduction of the term “task”, purposeful preparatory work can be traced. Children learn to compose stories first in pairs, then in triple pictures, they see the key words. By the time the term “task” is introduced, students already understand the meaning and structure of the task. In grade 1, simple tasks are studied for finding the sum, remainder, unknown term, increasing (decreasing) a number by several units, difference comparison and compound tasks in 2 steps.
The manual studies the numbering of the numbers of the first and second tens, addition and subtraction of numbers within 20 without transition and with the transition through a dozen. However, arithmetic operations are considered more widely: subtraction of two-digit numbers, addition and subtraction of segments, addition and subtraction of quantities are introduced. Thus, both the numerical and geometric lines are studied more thoroughly.
L.G. Peterson's textbook is published together with "Independent and control work”, which material help to test skills and abilities.
+++
The textbook contains a large number of various exercises of a developing nature, contains all the necessary information in mathematics, is compiled taking into account age characteristics, and contributes to the development of the mental and creative abilities of students.
The development of logical thinking is also facilitated by a fairly large number of problems "for consideration" ("Olympiad" type) and for the compilation of problems.
In the second half of the year, work continues on adding and subtracting the numbers of the first, and then the second ten, including the transition through the ten, which corresponds to the traditional approach to compiling textbooks for grade 1. According to the material, the concepts of difference comparison, mass and units of its measurement, terms and sum, displacement property of addition, reduced, subtracted and difference, two-digit numbers, decimeter and transition through ten are introduced. When solving examples and problems, much attention is paid to the comprehension of calculation algorithms, to the search for the most rational ways for solving problems by children, to the development of the eye and the muscular sensation of weight. The number of non-trivial tasks also increases (subject to the main psychological requirement of moving from simple to complex in the formation of skills).
Big plus is that a mathematics textbook is a textbook-notebook.
Minuses: In the free sale of methodological kits, notebooks, didactic materials can not be found. There are "strange" problems that cannot be solved.
Diagnostics (September-December), observation in the classroom and after school hours, during the first half of the year, showed an increase in the levels of development of cognitive interest and cognitive abilities in general.
Analysis of the results obtained allows us to speak about growth learning motivation among first-graders. There is a positive dynamics in the development of cognitive processes: an increase in the levels of development of thinking, memory, attention
Consistently high level of psychological comfort, working capacity during the school day, emotionally positive perception of teaching materials "Perspektiva" by students, indicate that teaching aids meet the requirements of health saving. The richness of educational and visual material, the variety of types of tasks, sources of information, their developmental orientation, age-related conditionality makes it possible for the teacher to widely use communication, dialogue, health-saving and other student-centered technologies in the classroom, which is the key to positive trends in all areas of the educational process in the future. .
For the orientation of educational institutions and teachers in the existing variety of educational and methodological complexes, we present their brief description.
Currently in Russian Federation There are traditional and developing systems of education.
Traditional programs include:"School of Russia", " elementary School XXI century”, “School 2000”, “School 2100”, “Harmony”, “Perspective Primary School, “Classic Primary School”, “Planet of Knowledge”, “Perspective”. Development systems include two programs: L.V. Zankov and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov.
Below is a brief description of the above educational and methodological complexes (TMC). More detailed information on each EMC can be found on the indicated sites.
Educational and methodological complex "School of Russia"
(under the editorship of A. Pleshakov)
Publishing house "Enlightenment".
Website: http://school-russia.prosv.ru
The traditional program "School of Russia" has existed for decades. The author himself emphasizes that this set was created in Russia and for Russia. The main goal of the program is to "develop a child's interest in learning about their country and its spiritual greatness, its significance on a global scale." The traditional program allows you to carefully practice skills learning activities(reading, writing, arithmetic) that are essential for success in high school.
The educational and methodological course "Literacy and speech development" by the authors V. G. Goretsky, V. A. Kiryushkin, L. A. Vinogradskaya meets all modern requirements for teaching children in elementary school.
During the period of literacy, work is being done to develop the phonetic hearing of children, teaching initial reading and writing, expanding and clarifying children's ideas about the surrounding reality, enriching the vocabulary and developing speech.
In addition to the "Russian alphabet", the set includes two types of copy-books: the copy-books of the authors V. G. Goretsky, N. A. Fedosova and the "Miracle-copy" of the author V. A. Ilyukhina. Their distinctive feature is that they not only form the skills of literate, calligraphic writing, but also provide an opportunity to correct handwriting at different stages of learning and in different age groups.
For the development of the cognitive abilities of each child in the course "Mathematics" the subject of tasks has been updated, a variety of geometric material has been introduced, entertaining tasks have been given that develop the logical thinking and imagination of children. Great importance is attached to comparison, comparison, opposition of interrelated concepts, tasks, clarification of similarities and differences in the facts under consideration.
The set includes textbooks and teaching aids of a new generation that meet all the requirements for a modern educational book.
Produces textbooks and teaching aids UMK "School of Russia" publishing house "Prosveshchenie".
The system of textbooks "School of Russia":
1. ABC - V. G. Goretsky, V. A. Kiryushkin, L. A. Vinogradskaya and others.
2. Russian language - V.P. Kanakina, V.G. Goretsky.
3. Russian language - L.M. Zelenina and others.
4. Literary reading - L.F. Klimanova, V.G. Goretsky, M.V. Golovanova and others.
5. English language- V.P. Kuzovlev, E.Sh. Peregudova, S.A. Pastukhova and others.
6. English (extended content of teaching a foreign language) - I.N. Vereshchagina, K.A. Bondarenko, T.A. Pritykina.
7. German language - .I.L.Bim, L.I.Ryzhova, L.M.Fomicheva.
8. French- A.S. Kuligina, M.G. Kiryanov.
9. Spanish - A.A. Voinova, Yu.A. Bukharova, K.V. Moreno.
10. Mathematics - M.I.Moro, S.V. Stepanova, S.I. Volkova.
11. Informatics - A.L. Semyonov, T.A. Rudnichenko.
12. The world around - A.A. Pleshakov and others.
13. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral cultures of the peoples of Russia - A.V. Kuraev, D.I. Latyshina, M.F. Murtazin and others.
14. Music - E.D. Kritskaya, G.P. Sergeeva, T.S. Shmagin.
15. Visual arts - L.A. Nemenskaya, E.I. Koroteeva, N.A. Goryaev.
16. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova and others.
17. Physical education- V.I. Lyakh.
Educational and methodical complex "Perspective"
(under the editorship of L.F. Klimanova)
Publishing house "Enlightenment".
Website: http://www.prosv.ru/umk/perspektiva
The educational and methodical complex "Perspektiva" has been produced since 2006. The composition of the teaching materials includes lines of textbooks in the following subjects: "Literacy", "Russian language", "Literary reading", "Mathematics", "The world around us", "Technology".
The educational and methodological complex "Perspektiva" was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical Russian school education.
EMC ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of program material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a younger student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs. A special place in the UMC "Perspektiva" is given to the formation of spiritual and moral values, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage of the world and Russia, with the traditions and customs of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Federation. The textbooks include tasks for independent, pair and group work, project activities, as well as materials that can be used in extracurricular and extracurricular activities.
The EMC uses a unified navigation system for teachers, students and parents, which helps to work with information, organize and structure educational material, plan the student's activities in the lesson, organize homework, and form the skill of independent work.
The literacy course is distinguished by a communicative-cognitive and spiritual-moral orientation. The main goal of the course is the active formation of all types of speech activity: the ability to write, read, listen and speak, the development of speech thinking in first graders, the ability to communicate and understand themselves and others. The effectiveness of the new system is ensured by educational material selected in accordance with the level of development of the child's cognitive interests, game and entertaining exercises, structural-figurative models of words that are inscribed in various communicative speech situations. In this regard, the word is presented in a different way, namely, not only as a sound-letter complex, but as a unity of meaning, meaning and its sound-letter form.
All the conditions for a differentiated approach to students with different levels of preparation for school have been created on the pages of the TMC "Teaching Literacy".
Teaching the Russian language is organically linked with literacy and has a common focus. The peculiarity of the course is a holistic view of the language, which provides the study of the language (its phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects), speech activity and text as a speech work.
The main objective of the course "Literary Reading" is the formation of the personality of a younger student, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage and the formation of reading competence. To do this, the textbook uses highly artistic texts, folklore works of different peoples. The system of questions and tasks contributes to the formation of a culture of speech communication, the development of students' creative abilities, introduces them to spiritual and moral values, introduces them to ethical and aesthetic norms, develops figurative and logical thinking of students and forms in younger students an interest in a work of art as the art of the word. The headings “Independent reading”, “Family reading”, “Going to the library”, “Our theater”, “Reader-educator”, “Little and big secrets of the country of Literature”, “My favorite writers” offer various forms of work with a literary work, systematize knowledge and enrich the practical experience of the child, they present a system of working with a book both in class and in extracurricular activities.
"Teaching not only mathematics, but also mathematics" is the leading idea of the TMC line in mathematics, aimed at strengthening the general cultural sound of mathematical education and increasing its significance for the formation of a child's personality. The content of the material is focused on the formation in younger students of the ability to observe, compare, generalize, find the simplest patterns, which allows them to master heuristic methods of reasoning, their logic, develops divergence of thinking, as an essential component of mental activity, speech culture and allows them to expand their understanding of the world around them by means of mathematics. Much attention is paid to the development of numerical literacy of students, the formation of computational skills based on rational methods of action.
The textbooks have the same structure and consist of 3 sections: numbers and actions with them, geometric shapes and their properties, quantities and their measurement.
The leading idea of the course "The World Around" is the idea of the unity of the world of nature and the world of culture. The surrounding world is considered as a natural and cultural whole, man - as a part of nature, the creator of culture and its product.
The course reveals the structure of the concept of "world around" in the unity of its three components: nature, culture, man. These three components are consistently considered at different socio-cultural levels of society (family, school, small homeland, native country, etc.), due to which the main pedagogical approaches to mastering the subject are determined: communicative-activity, cultural-historical, spiritually-oriented.
The main objective of the subject "Technology" is to create conditions for students to gain experience in project activities from conception to product presentation. Younger students master the techniques of working with paper, plasticine and natural materials, constructor, study the properties of various materials and the rules for working with them. This approach creates conditions for the formation of regulative universal educational activities in younger students, allows the formation of specific personal qualities (accuracy, attentiveness, willingness to help, etc.), communication skills (work in pairs, groups), the ability to work with information and learn basic computer skills.
The material in the textbooks is built in the form of a journey that introduces students to human activities in various areas: Man and Earth, Man and Water, Man and Air, Man and Information Space.
The textbook "Technology" introduced a sign system for assessing the quality and complexity of the product, which allows you to form the motivation for success and self-esteem of the student.
The composition of the UMC "Perspective" includes:
Textbooks in subjects (grades 1-4)
Workbooks
Creative notebooks
Didactic materials for the student: "Reader", "Magic power of words", "Mathematics and Informatics", "Fundamentals of life safety".
Methodological aids for teachers: lesson developments in subjects, additional educational and methodological materials, calendar and thematic planning, technological maps.
Calendar-thematic planning and technological maps that provide the teacher with effective and high-quality teaching by moving from lesson planning to designing the study of the topic are posted on the pages of the Internet site of the UMC "Perspektiva".
Textbooks included in the UMK "Perspektiva":
1. Alphabet - L.F. Klimanov, S.G. Makeeva.
2. Russian language - L. F. Klimanova, S. G. Makeeva.
3. Literary reading - L.F. Klimanova, L.A. Vinogradskaya, V.G. Goretsky.
4. Mathematics - G.V. Dorofeev, T.N. Mirakova.
5. The world around - A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya.
6. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, N.V. Dobromyslova
Educational and methodological complex "School 2000 ..."
Publishing house "Juventa"
Website: http://www.sch2000.ru
The didactic system of the activity method "School 2000 ..." offers a solution to urgent educational problems in the system of continuous education (DOE - school - university). It is based on a continuous course of mathematics for preschoolers, primary and secondary schools, focused on the development of thinking, the creative powers of children, their interest in mathematics, the formation of strong mathematical knowledge and skills, readiness for self-development. The program "Learn to learn" takes into account the possibility of working on this program in the conditions of various options for the educational plan of the educational institution (4 hours or 5 hours per week).
The main goal of the program "School 2000 ..." is the comprehensive development of the child, the formation of his abilities for self-change and self-development, a picture of the world and moral qualities that create conditions for successful entry into the culture and creative life of society, self-determination and self-realization of the individual.
The selection of content and the sequence of studying the main mathematical concepts was carried out in the program "Learn to learn" on the basis of a systematic approach. Built by N.Ya. Vilenkin and his students, the multi-level system of initial mathematical concepts (SNMP, 1980) made it possible to establish the order of introduction of fundamental concepts in school mathematical education, ensuring successive links between them and the continuous development of all the content-methodological lines of the mathematics course 0-9.
The basis for the organization of the educational process in the program "Learn to learn" is the didactic system of the activity method of teaching "School 2000", which can be used at two levels: basic and technological.
The course of mathematics "Learning to learn" for elementary school can be used in conjunction with courses in other academic subjects included in federal lists textbooks of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, based on the teachers' own choice. In this case, the technology of the activity method at the basic level can be used as a didactic basis that streamlines the work of teachers in the context of the variability of education.
Teaching materials for mathematics for elementary school of the program "Learning to learn" ("School 2000 ..."
1. Mathematics - L.G. Peterson
Textbooks are equipped with teaching aids, didactic materials and a computer program for monitoring progress.
additional literature
2. Peterson L.G., Kubysheva M.A., Mazurina S.E. What does it mean to learn. Teaching aid.-M.: UMC "School 2000 ...", 2006.
3. Peterson L.G. Activity method of teaching: the educational system "School 2000 ..." // Building a continuous sphere of education.- M .: APK and PPRO, UMC "School 2000 ...", 2007.
Educational and methodical complex "School 2100"
(supervisor - L.G. Peterson)
Balass Publishing House
Website: http://www.school2100.ru/
In the process of learning according to the EMC, in accordance with the activity approach, the task of forming a functionally literate personality is realized. On different subject content, the student learns to acquire new knowledge, to look for answers to his questions. All textbooks of the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the minimax principle. He assumes that the authors of textbooks and the teacher enable the student (if he wants) to take the material to the maximum. In textbooks for this there is redundant information that allows the student to make a personal choice. At the same time, the most important facts, concepts and connections included in the minimum content (FSES and program requirements) must be learned by each student. The minimum is presented to the student at the lessons of the discovery of new knowledge, fixed and submitted for control. The maximum allows the student to satisfy their personal needs and interests.
Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.
With the help of problematic dialogue technology used in educational system"School 2100" students at each lesson learn to set a goal, draw up a plan to achieve it, search for a solution, and reflect on the results of working with a text. For the formation of communicative general educational skills, the technology of working with text is used. Thus, a teacher who works according to the textbooks of the School 2100 educational system has the opportunity to achieve new educational goals simply by delivering quality lessons using the technologies adopted in this system.
List of textbooks for teaching materials "School 2100"
1. Primer - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronin.
2. Russian language - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronin.
3. Literary reading - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva.
4. English - M.Z. Biboletova and others.
5. Mathematics - T.E. Demidova, S.A. Kozlova, A.P. Thin.
6. The world around - A.A. Vakhrushev, O.B. Bursky, A.S. Rautin.
7. Visual arts - O.A. Kurevina, E.D. Kovalevskaya.
8. Music - L.V. Shkolyar, V.O. Usacheva.
9. Technology - O.A. Kurevina, E.L. Lutzev
10. Physical culture - B.B. Egorov, Yu.E. transplant.
Educational and methodological complex "Perspective elementary school"
(supervisor - N.A. Churakova)
Publishing house "Akademkniga/textbook"
Website: http://www.akademkniga.ru
The concept of WCU is based on the humanistic belief that all children are capable of successful learning if the necessary conditions are created for them. Taking into account the age of students makes the learning process successful. All textbooks of the set provide teachers with opportunities to implement the regional component.
When selecting educational material, developing the language of presentation of the material, developing the methodological apparatus of the set, the following components were taken into account.
The age of the student. A first grader can be either six or seven or eight years old. And this is not a problem of lowering the age of a first grader, but the problem of the simultaneous presence of children of different ages in the lesson, which required a combination of gaming and educational types activities throughout the first year of study.
Different levels of student development. The student who did not attend Kindergarten, often comes to school with unformed sensory standards. This required solving the problem of forming sensory standards during the adaptation period of training.
Topographic affiliation of the student. The selection of material takes into account the experience of a student living in both urban and rural areas.
Different class content. The detailed wording of tasks, along with indications of the organizational forms of their implementation (in a group, in pairs), allows schoolchildren to study independently for a sufficiently long time, which is important for a small and small school. A similar structure of textbooks within each subject area and a common external intrigue for all textbooks of the set help students of different age groups located in the same room to be in a single educational space.
Different levels of Russian language proficiency. When developing the “Promising Primary School” teaching materials, it was taken into account that not all students have Russian as their native language and that today's student has a large number of speech therapy problems. The search for a solution to this set of problems required a revision of some important theoretical positions of the Russian language, the development of special lines of orthoepic work and work with a reverse dictionary.
As a result of mastering the subject content included in the set, each student gets the opportunity to acquire general educational skills and abilities. Master those methods of activity that meet the requirements of the state educational standard. These are, first of all, the initial skills of searching for the necessary information in dictionaries, reference books, the library catalog. , reverse, explanatory, phraseological, etymological and encyclopedic dictionaries.
The placement of a methodological apparatus for organizing the activities of children in the classroom in the body of each textbook allows the set to fulfill such a requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard as the formation of educational cooperation activities - the ability to negotiate, distribute work, evaluate their contribution to overall result educational activity.
one system symbols in all textbooks is designed for the organization of individual, pair, group and collective work.
List of textbooks of the TMC "Promising Primary School"
1. Alphabet - N.G. Agarkova, Yu.A. Agarkov
2. Russian language - Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A., Malakhovskaya O.V., Erysheva E.R.
3. Literary reading - Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V.
4. Mathematics - A.L. Chekin, O.A. Zakharova, E.P. Yudin.
5. The world around - O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, S.A. Trafimov, L.A. Tsareva, L.G. Kudrova.
6. Informatics - E.N. Benenson, A.G. Pautova.
7. Technology - T.M. Ragozina, A.A. Grinev.
additional literature
1) Churakova R.G. Technology and aspect analysis of the modern lesson
Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V. Museum in your class.
Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" (RITM)
(EMC "Classical Primary School")
Publishing house "Drofa"
Website: http://www.drofa.ru
Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" (RITM) was created on the basis of the "Classical Primary School" main feature which is a combination modern approaches to the solution of methodological problems and the principles of didactics tested by practice, which allows students to achieve consistently high educational results.
Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking” (RITM) was revised in accordance with the Federal State Standard and supplemented with new textbooks (foreign language, the world around us, physical education). The composition of the teaching materials includes programs, teaching aids, workbooks. Educational lines in the main subjects are provided with didactic materials, tests and sets of visual aids. All components of the teaching materials are integrated into a single methodological system, have a modern layout, a voluminous methodological apparatus, and professionally executed illustrations.
In the subject line on the Russian language and literary reading, the native language is considered not only as an object of study, but also as a means of teaching children other disciplines, which contributes to the formation of meta-subject skills. The texts and exercises contained in the textbooks expand knowledge about the native country, its nature, contribute to the education of patriotism, the development of norms and rules of behavior, traditional moral values, tolerance, and hence the formation of the necessary personal qualities, which is the most important result of education.
In the course of studying the course of mathematics, textbooks are included in active independent and group activities, the most important result of which is the development of flexibility, criticality and variability of their thinking. The methodological apparatus of the subject line is aimed at developing logical skills: understanding the educational task, independent planning of one's actions to solve it, choosing the best ways for this.
The methodology underlying the subject lines in a foreign language is designed to form elementary foreign language communicative competence in younger students. The principle of the dialogue of cultures, implemented in the course of the English language, allows the child to smoothly enter the foreign language communicative space. The German language course is aimed at the interconnected formation of all types of communication skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing. Course content foreign language contributes to the formation in the child of a sense of belonging to a certain linguistic and cultural community - Russian civil identity.
In the subject line around the world, the integration of natural-science and social-humanitarian knowledge is carried out, which lays the foundations for the formation of a holistic picture of the world, solves the problems of forming ecological thinking, a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, a system of national values, ideals of mutual respect, patriotism, based on ethnocultural diversity and general cultural unity of Russian society.
The subject line in fine arts is focused on the aesthetic development of the individual based on mastering the best examples of the artistic heritage of the peoples of Russia and the world. It is built on the principles of a system-activity approach to learning and reflects the communicative and moral essence of art education.
The aesthetic and spiritual and moral development of students when using the subject line in music is carried out through familiarization with musical culture as the most important component of a harmoniously developed personality. The course of music is built on a broad integrative basis with subjects of the humanitarian and aesthetic cycle. It is based on the principle of forming universal educational actions - personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.
The subject line on technology and physical culture contains extraordinary methodological methods for the formation of the necessary subject and meta-subject skills, as well as personality traits of a primary school graduate. The lines are practice-oriented and provide ample opportunities for organizing educational and extracurricular activities of younger students.
UMC “Development. Individuality. Creativity, Thinking” (RITM) is aimed at achieving the results of education defined by the Federal State Standard and the implementation of the “Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of a Russian Citizen”.
Textbooks that are part of the EMC "Classical Primary School":
1. Alphabet - O.V. Jezhel.
2. Russian language - T.G. Ramzaev.
3. Literary reading. - O.V. Dzhezheley.
4. English language - V.V. Buzhinsky, S.V. Pavlova, R.A. Starikov.
5. German language - N.D. Galsakova, N.I. Gez.
6. Mathematics - E.I. Aleksandrova.
7. The world around - E.V. Saplin, A.I. Saplin, V.I. Sivoglazov.
8. Visual arts - V.S. Kuzin, E.I. Kubyshkin.
9. Technology.- N.A. Malysheva, O.N. Maslenikov.
10. Music - V.V. Aleev, T.N. Kichak.
11. Physical culture - G.I. Pogadaev.
Educational and methodological complex "Primary school of the XXI century"
(supervisor - N.F. Vinogradova)
Publishing house "Ventana - Graf"
Website: http://www.vgf.ru
The set is based on the theory of A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydov. The overall goal of training is the formation of a leading activity for this age. The goal of elementary school teachers is not just to teach the student, but to teach him to teach himself, i.e. educational activities; The aim of the student is to acquire the ability to learn. Educational subjects and their content act as a means to achieve this goal.
The forms, means and methods of teaching are aimed at forming the prerequisites for the younger student (in the 1st half of the first grade), and then the skills of educational activity. In the course of primary education, the primary school student develops the skills of learning activities that allow him to successfully adapt in the main school and continue subject education according to any educational and methodological set.
The leading characteristics of a primary school graduate are his ability to think independently, analyze any issue; the ability to build statements, put forward hypotheses, defend the chosen point of view; the presence of ideas about one's own knowledge and ignorance on the issue under discussion. Hence, there are two methodological features of the UMK. So, working with the educational and methodological kit "Elementary School of the XXI century", the student masters a fundamentally different role - "researcher". This position determines his interest in the process of cognition. As well as increasing attention to the creative activity of students, based on the initiative and independence of each student.
List of textbooks of the teaching materials "Primary school of the XXI century"
1. Primer - L.E. Zhurova.
2. Russian language - S.V. Ivanov, A.O. Evdokimova, M.I. Kuznetsova.
3. Literary reading - L.A. Efrosinina.
4. English language - UMK "FORWARD", M.V. Verbitskaya, O.V. Oralova, B.Ebbs, E.Worell, E.Ward.
5. Mathematics - E.E. Kochurina, V.N. Rudnitskaya, O.A. Rydze.
6. The world around - N.F. Vinogradov.
7. Music - O.V. Usacheva, L.V. Schoolboy.
8. Visual arts - L.G. Savenkova, E.A. Ermolinskaya
9. Technology - E.A. Lutsev.
10. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (Grade 4) - N.F. Vinogradova, V.I. Vlasenko, A.V. Polyakov.
Content subjects EMC is focused on stimulating and supporting the emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of the child; to create conditions for the manifestation of independence, initiative, creative abilities of the child in various activities. At the same time, the importance of children's assimilation of knowledge and mastery of skills and abilities as a means of development remains, but they are not considered as an end in itself of primary education.
In the subjects of the EMC, the humanitarian orientation and its influence on the emotional and social and personal development of the child are strengthened. The EMC presents content that helps the child to maintain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, provides him with an awareness of various connections between objects and phenomena and, at the same time, forms the ability to see with different parties the same subject. The main feature of this set is its integrity: the unity of the structure of textbooks and workbooks for all classes and subjects; through line unity typical tasks, the unity of approaches to the organization of educational activities.
They publish textbooks and teaching aids for the "Planet of Knowledge" teaching materials of the "Astrel" and "AST" publishing houses.
The UMC includes:
1. Primer - author T.M. Andrianova.
2. Russian language - author T.M. Andrianova, V.A. Ilyukhin.
3. Literary reading - E.E. Katz
4. English language - N.Yu. Goryacheva, S.V. Larkina, E.V. Nasonovskaya.
5. Mathematics - M.I. Bashmakov, M.G. Nefedova.
6. The world around - G.G. Ivchenkova, I.V. Potapova, A.I. Saplin, E.V. Saplin.
7. Music - T.I. Balanova.
Educational and methodical set "Harmony"
(supervisor - N.B. Istomina)
Publishing house "Association of the XXI century".
Website: http://umk-garmoniya.ru/
The educational-methodical set "Harmony" implements: ways of organizing the educational activities of students related to the formulation of a learning task, its solution, self-control and self-assessment; ways of organizing productive communication, which is necessary condition formation of educational activities; ways of forming concepts that provide awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies at a level accessible to primary school age.
The course is based on the methodological concept of purposeful and systematic work on the formation of techniques among younger students mental activity: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, analogy and generalization in the process of mastering the mathematical content provided by the program.
Primer "My first textbook", designed for the course "Literacy", provides not only the development of elementary reading and writing by first graders, but also the development of their thinking, cognitive interests, sense of language, the formation of phonetic hearing, spelling vigilance, speech and reading skills, introduction into the world of children's books, as well as the accumulation of experience in working with an educational book.
The primer involves the active promotion of both children who are just starting to learn to read, and those who are already at different stages of mastering the reading technique.
In general, this primer creates the conditions for the successful continuation of learning to read and the Russian language within the framework of individual subjects.
The Russian language course, presented in the textbooks "To the Secrets of Our Language", ensures the formation of language and speech skills in junior schoolchildren, their functional literacy simultaneously with the formation of the whole complex of universal educational activities.
This is facilitated by the implementation of an activity approach to the organization of learning, in which the development of language and speech concepts, rules, work on skills goes from motivation and setting a learning task - to its solution and through understanding necessary way actions - to the use of acquired knowledge, to the ability to control the performance of an action and its result.
Language learning has a communicative orientation, as it is subordinated to the development of students' speech, the improvement of all forms of their speech activity.
Formation of literacy schoolchildren is carried out on the basis of the purposeful development of their spelling vigilance and spelling self-control.
Course "Literary Reading" involves the formation of the reader's competence of a younger student, which is determined by the possession of reading technique and methods of mastering a literary work, the ability to navigate in books and the acquisition of experience in independent reading activity.
Teaching literary reading is also aimed at:
enrichment of the spiritual and moral sphere of junior schoolchildren, the formation of ideas about good and evil, justice and honesty, respect for the culture of the peoples of multinational Russia;
mastering universal educational activities
improvement of all types of speech activity, the ability to build a monologue and conduct a dialogue;
development of creative abilities;
education of an aesthetic attitude to the art of the word, interest in reading and books, the need to communicate with the world of fiction;
broadening the reader's horizons.
Mathematics course, presented in the textbook, in the process of assimilation of the program material purposefully forms all types of universal learning activities (UUD) for students. This is facilitated by: the logic of constructing the content of the course, a variety of methodological methods for organizing the educational activities of younger students, a system of educational tasks aimed at fulfillment by students various kinds actions.
In the process of studying the course, children master: mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities provided for by the course program, and learn how to use them to describe the surrounding objects, processes, phenomena, assess quantitative and spatial relationships; master the skills: to build reasoning; to argue and correct statements to distinguish between reasonable and unreasonable judgments; identify patterns; establish causal relationships; to analyze various mathematical objects, highlighting their essential and non-essential features, which will ensure their successful continuation of mathematical education in basic school.
Features of the content of the course "The world around" are: the integrative nature of the presentation of natural sciences, social sciences and historical knowledge; purposeful formation of UUD in the development of subject knowledge and skills.
The study of the surrounding world is aimed at:
the formation of a holistic picture of the world of the natural and socio-cultural world, environmental and cultural literacy, moral, ethical and safe norms of interaction with nature and people among junior schoolchildren;
mastering a complex of subject knowledge, skills and universal educational activities for the successful continuation of education in the main school;
development of skills to observe, analyze, generalize, characterize objects of the surrounding world, reason, solve creative problems;
upbringing of a citizen who loves his Fatherland, who is aware of his belonging to it, who respects the way of life, customs and traditions of the peoples who inhabit, who strive to participate in environmental and creative activities.
The main course presented in the textbooks "Technology", is an objective transforming activity that allows you to integrate the conceptual (speculative), visual-figurative, visual-effective components of cognitive activity.
The main features of the course "Fine Arts":
acquaintance of schoolchildren with the figurative language of fine arts as the basis for the emotional and ethical development of the surrounding world;
communicative orientation of training, which ensures the education of the basic visual culture of the individual and the primary development of visual means of visual communication;
activity approach to the study and further practical development of fine, design and decorative art activities;
problem-based learning, when the teacher, without prompting the final answer, poses questions that help students to come to the right decision on their own;
the formation of methods of cognitive activity and the development of interest in the field of artistic development of the world, the enrichment of the sensory and practical creative experience of the child.
Music course, presented in the textbooks "To the heights of musical art", has the following features:
development of musical thinking of schoolchildren through the development of various genres of music;
selection of musical material with a focus on the masterpieces of world musical art, which helps the child to form a holistic view of musical culture according to its reference samples;
formation along with the song type of musical thinking at the symphonic level;
the methodological principle of “recreating” the masterpieces of the world musical art, which consists in the fact that the holistic perception of a work is preceded by the stage of “creation” by a child through the passage of the main stages of the composer’s path;
the creation by schoolchildren of the independence of music as an art form capable of conveying the feelings and thoughts of people by its own means as a result of acquaintance with the musical images of various genres of music and the disclosure of the many-sided connections between music and life.
The purpose of the textbooks "Physical culture" is the formation of the basics of a healthy lifestyle among students, the ability to communicate and interact with peers, plan their own activities, distribute the load and rest in the process of its implementation, analyze and objectively evaluate the results of their own work, evaluate the beauty of the physique and posture, technically correctly perform motor actions.
The publishing house "Association of the 21st Century" publishes textbooks and teaching aids for UMK "Harmony".
To communicate with colleagues and exchange experience in the educational system "Harmony" created a social network - www.garmoniya-club.ru
The UMC includes:
1. Primer - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko, N.M. Betenkova, O.E. Kurlygina.
2. Russian language - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko.
3. Literary reading - author O.V. Kubasov.
4. Mathematics - author N.B. Istomin.
5. The world around - author O.V. Poglazova, N.I. Vorozheikin, V.D. Shilin.
6. Technology - author N.M.Konysheva.
7. Visual arts - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: T.A. Koptseva, V.P. Koptsev, E.V. Koptsev.
8. Music - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: M.S.Krasilnikova, O.N.Yashmolkina, O.I.Nekhaeva.
9. Physical culture - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: R.I.Tarnopolskaya, B.I.Mishina.
(The system of textbooks "Perspektiva" successfully passed the federal examination for compliance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the NOO 2009, received positive reviews from the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and the Russian Academy of Education (RAO).
All textbooks of the Perspektiva system are included in the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions for the 2013/2014 academic year.)
The EMC of the Perspektiva program was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia. When creating the WMC, not only the modern requirements of society were taken into account, but also the cultural and historical perspective of its development. The Perspective program ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of the material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a younger student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs. The educational and methodological complex of textbooks "Perspektiva" was created by a team of scientists and teachers of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Education, the Federal Institute for the Development of Education in close cooperation with the Prosveshchenie publishing house.
The uniqueness of the set for elementary school "Perspektiva" is that it was created in parallel with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. The first textbooks and teaching aids of the Perspektiva set began to be produced in 2006. Scientists from the Russian Academy of Education, the Russian Academy of Sciences, methodologists and teachers take part in the work on the Perspektiva set together with the Prosveshchenie publishing house. The fundamental principles of the set are: humanistic, the principle of historicism, communicative and the principle of creative activity. Such a fundamental approach allows organizing the learning process, on the one hand, for the purpose of obtaining knowledge in accordance with the requirements of the new standard, on the other hand, as a means of forming universal learning skills and personal qualities, i.e. development and upbringing of the child.
ideological basis system of textbooks "Perspective" is"The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia", aimed at forming in the younger generation a system of values of humanism, creation, self-development, morality as the basis for successful self-realization of a student in life and work and as a condition for the security and prosperity of the country.
The didactic basis of the system of textbooks "Perspective" is didactic system of the activity method (L.G. Peterson), synthesizing, on the basis of the methodological system-activity approach, non-conflicting ideas from modern concepts of developmental education from the standpoint of the continuity of scientific views with the traditional school (Conclusion of the Russian Academy of Education of July 14, 2006, Prize of the President of the Russian Federation area of education for 2002).
The methodological basis of the Federal State Educational Standard is system-activity approach. It is the system-activity approach, which is the basis of the "Perspektiva" set, that makes it possible to orient the teacher towards the achievement of personal and meta-subject learning outcomes for younger students.
The achievement of these results is facilitated by the thematic unity of all the subject lines of the set, expressed in the following theses:
- "I am in the world and the world is in me": it is important that training contributes to the construction of the image of "I", which includes self-knowledge, self-development and self-esteem, the formation of a civic identity of the individual, the acceptance and understanding of moral and cultural values, the rules of interaction with the outside world.
- "I want to study!": the child often asks the question “why?”, he is interested in knowing everything and about everything. Our task is to maintain this interest and at the same time teach the child to independently find answers, plan their activities and bring them to the end, evaluate the result, correct mistakes and set new goals.
- “I communicate, therefore I study”: The learning process is impossible without communication. It seems to us extremely important to build the learning process as an improvement of subject-subject and subject-object communication, that is, firstly, to teach the child to freely conduct a constructive dialogue, listen and hear the interlocutor, and secondly, to form an information culture - to find the necessary sources of knowledge learn to receive information from various sources, analyze it, and, of course, work with a book.
- "In a healthy body healthy mind!": here it is important to preserve the health of students in the learning process, and to teach children to take care of their own health, understanding that health is not only a physical, but also a spiritual value. In this regard, the concept of health includes not only the rules of hygiene and the rules of safe behavior, but also certain values: the ability to empathize, sympathize, take care of oneself, nature, people around, protect and honor what they have created.
The authors of the "Perspective" set reveal the stated theses through thematic areas: "My family - my world", "My country - my Fatherland", "Nature and culture - the environment of our life", "My planet - Earth", which integrate the educational material of different objects and allow the child to more effectively form a holistic picture of the world.
Another advantage of teaching according to the Perspektiva teaching materials is that the system for constructing educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things. In textbooks, tasks are offered in such a form that the cognitive activity, cognitive interest and curiosity of the child develop into a need to learn new things, to learn independently. The student at each lesson, as it were, reveals the content of future topics. Education is based on the dialectical principle, when the introduction of new concepts and ideas, initially presented in a visual-figurative form or in the form of a problem situation, precedes their subsequent detailed study. Each textbook is equipped with a system of tasks aimed at developing both the logical and figurative thinking of the child, his imagination, intuition. The textbooks systematically build theoretical material, to which practical, research and creative tasks are proposed, allowing to intensify the child's activity, apply the acquired knowledge in practical activities, and create conditions for the realization of the student's creative potential.
The next feature of EMC "Perspektiva" in the context of its compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard is a great opportunity for solving educational problems. Implementation of the Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of the Personality of a Russian Citizen in the EMC is aimed at forming a valuable worldview, educating and establishing the moral position of the personality of a junior schoolchild. The teacher solves these tasks in the process of discussing a system of questions, problematic and practical situations, texts aimed at nurturing the kindest feelings, love and interest in his family, small and large Motherland, traditions and customs of the peoples living in Russia, their cultural and historical heritage.
The basis of the information and educational environment for elementary school are the completed subject lines of the system of textbooks "Perspektiva". Textbooks effectively complement workbooks and creative notebooks, dictionaries, books for reading, methodological recommendations for teachers, didactic materials, multimedia applications (DVD-video; DVDs with lesson scripts that implement the activity method of teaching; CD-ROMs; presentation materials for multimedia projectors; interactive whiteboard software, etc.), Internet support and other resources in all subject areas of the GEF curriculum (FSES, section III, p. 19.3.). All this allows organizing various types of students' activities, effectively using modern methods and technologies for organizing educational work.
Another distinctive feature of the Perspektiva system of textbooks, which provides it with the status of the core of the information and educational environment for elementary school, is the developed special navigation system that allows the student to navigate both inside the teaching and learning center and go beyond it in search of other sources of information. Thus, the system of textbooks "Perspektiva" is integrated into a single ideological, didactic and methodological system that helps the teacher to meet the requirements of the modern educational process, determined by the Federal State Educational Standard.
For EMC "Perspektiva" a new methodological support has been developed - "Technological maps" that help the teacher to implement the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard in the educational process. "Technological maps" is a new methodological toolkit that provides the teacher with high-quality teaching of a new curriculum by moving from lesson planning to designing the study of a topic. The "Technological maps" define tasks, planned results (personal and meta-subject), indicate possible interdisciplinary connections, propose an algorithm for passing the topic and diagnostic work (intermediate and final) to determine the level of mastering the topic by students. The maps are posted on the website of the publishing house "Prosveshchenie" in the "Perspective" for teachers section. In addition, additional Internet resources have been developed for teachers and parents, including lesson development, articles and comments, advisory support for teachers and parents (psychologists, teachers, and authors answer questions from parents and teachers).
In order to ensure the effectiveness of the use of the system of textbooks "Perspektiva" in the practical activities of teachers, a multi-level system of advanced training for teachers of different categories (teachers of primary and secondary schools, teachers of preschool educational institutions, head teachers, directors, methodologists, teachers of pedagogical colleges and pedagogical universities, psychologists, etc.) .), which creates conditions for the gradual mastering of the pedagogical tools of activity-based learning both at the federal level (in the Center for System-Activity Pedagogy "School 2000 ..." of the AIC and PPRO), and in the regions based on the principle of network interaction.
The created mechanisms for improving the quality of the work of teachers in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard on a unified ideological, didactic and methodological basis open up the prospect for a real transition of the school to the implementation of the new goals and values of education and the construction of a single educational space for teaching, educating and protecting schoolchildren.