Hedges can be used to decorate a site in an original way, divide it into sectors, and isolate yourself from curious neighbors. In order for a planting to fulfill its decorative and applied function, it needs to be looked after: properly trimmed, shaped, and fed. In this article we will tell you how to trim a hedge and how often it should be done.
To make living fences look so neat, they should be trimmed 2 to 5 times a year or more often, depending on the type of plantBasic rules for pruning shrubs
Basic care measures for the above-ground part of hedges are cutting and pruning. Living fencing should be trimmed for more than just its beauty. Thanks to correct formation, each plant will be strong, and the composition will be harmonious, dense, and uniform.
In order for the procedure to benefit the planting, you need to adhere to 10 simple but mandatory rules:
- Pruning should be carried out strictly within the period allocated for one or another type of pruning. Otherwise, you can destroy the plant.
- It is advisable to trim intricately shaped hedges using templates.
- Plan the shape of the fence initially, and carry out the formation gradually, following the intended goal.
- If bird nests are noticed in the branches of a fence, the pruning procedure should be postponed until the young birds move out of them.
- Pruning should be carried out taking into account the type of plant that makes up the living fence.
- Trim living fences of plants with foliage regularly.
- Plant fences made of conifers cannot be pruned later than the third ten days of August, otherwise the new shoots will not have time to become completely woody before frost.
- Hedges that are trimmed are well nourished.
- After pruning, the plant needs to be watered.
- You should choose the right pruning tools.
When purchasing devices for cutting plants, you need to pay attention to whether they are made of high-quality material, whether they are convenient to hold in the brush, for what specific purposes you plan to use the tool, etc.
Types and purposes of trimming living fences
There are several types of pruning for living fences. Each of them performs its own tasks and is held at the appropriate time of year.
| No. | Trimming type | Goals | Time spending |
| 1. | Formative | Formation of the crown and determination of the density of its saturation with branches | Mid February – March |
| 2. | Regulatory | Supporting the specified parameters of the formed crown, achieving lighting balance | As needed, but not in winter period and not during sap flow |
| 3. | Regenerating | Returning the opportunity to grow, bloom, bear fruit | February – mid-April, August – September |
| 4. | Rejuvenating | Impetus for the formation of young shoots in aged plants | Mid-February – mid-April, August – September |
| 5. | Sanitary | Elimination of dead, diseased, and interfering branches | All year round, except winter and periods of active sap flow |
Tip #1. Choose the time for anti-aging pruning depending on the type of hedge. For evergreen hedges, it is carried out in April - the first days of March. Deciduous plants are best pruned at the end of winter while they are still resting.
Features of primary and subsequent pruning
A free-growing plant does not need to be artificially modified. Formed fences need trimming. Both types of hedges require care during the first time after planting.
This light pruning is necessary to increase the density of branches. Primary pruning. The quality of plant rooting and the appearance of the planting in the future depend on it. Shearing triggers intensive growth of young shoots and stimulates the development of the root apparatus. The table below provides information regarding primary pruning.
When the planting has grown. The formed leaf fence, which has reached the desired size, is trimmed frequently (almost monthly). It is useful to thin out the crown - once/several years, in the spring before the buds appear.
Old, thickened branches are eliminated, and young ones are shortened by two-thirds of their length. A formed fence of conifers is trimmed at least 2 times a year, but for some types of plants - less often.
Working tools for pruning branches
You should pay attention to the choice of tools used for pruning and trimming plants. Cheap, low-quality tools quickly become unusable. They become loose at the base and the blades lose their sharpness. If you trim branches with such devices, you can cause significant harm to the plant instead of the expected benefit.
To achieve high-quality results, the following tools are suitable:
- pruning shears – used for delicate tasks (for example, pruning plants with thin branches);
- scissors with toothed blades - used to remove large-caliber branches and woody stems;
- lopper – designed for working with the thickest, most hardened branches;
- electric scissors - they are used to give plants an intricate shape (double-sided tool) or to design straight sections of a fence (one-sided tool).
To quickly and efficiently trim the tops of large hedges, it is convenient to use electric trimmers. Tip #2. For broad-leaved evergreen shrubs (for example, cherry laurel), it is advisable to choose pruning shears. Scissors can severely damage the sheets, which will cause the loss of decorativeness of the planting.
How to trim and shape bushes
To trim and shape decorative deciduous shrubs (for example, viburnum, lilac, hazel), they are trimmed with pruning shears a year after planting. Primary pruning is carried out in the spring, at a height of 30-40 cm from the soil. In the future, crown shape correction is required twice a year.
For living fences, climbing annuals and perennial vines (wild grapes, tea rose bushes, ivy, etc.) are also often used. Plants branch quickly, so regular formation is required. Use scissors or pruners. They form plants, creating arched complexes, and shade gazebos and fences with them. Roses and grapes are pruned in the fall. Hops and ivy vines should be trimmed in early spring.
Features of the formation of plants, more often than others used in the creation of living fences:
- Privet. In order to form a shrub with a beautiful crown, it needs to be pruned regularly from the 2nd year of planting. In modern landscape design cut out semicircular, spherical, cubic shapes. Trim with a lopper and pruning shears. As a result, flowering decreases, but the growth of branches and foliage increases.
For the first time, more than ½ of the shoots on privet are cut off, and subsequently - up to 70% of the growth. - Spirea. Pruning depends on the plant variety. Bushes that form flowers on last year's branches cannot be cut back every year. Trim the plant after flowering, to the root. In spring - remove up to half the length of the branches. Other varieties require careful annual cleaning. Branches are cut back to the first bud in spring.
- Hawthorn. There is no need to trim the hawthorn hedge very low from the soil; this still will not help get rid of the bare trunk. Pruning is carried out once a season. The lower branches above the pronounced bud are removed. Young shoots are allowed to grow, and then they are also cut off.
- Thuja. The plant responds well to pruning and quickly develops new shoots. The hair is cut for the first time in June, when the shape is set. Correction is carried out in mid-summer. The width of the top of the living fence should be narrower than its base.
Young thuja shoots up to 0.5 cm thick are cut using special scissors. - Spruce. Form a spruce hedge in the spring. So that the planting has beautiful view, it is necessary to restrain the growth of spruce. Pruning allows you to make the hedge fluffy and moderately tall. It also helps give original form crown
Pegs are driven into the ground (along the fence) and string is pulled over them. Fasten the rope to the desired height, length or width. In other words, they create a kind of limiter along which pruning will be carried out. When using a sharp tool, make sure that the string does not move. It doesn’t take much effort to make a simple structure from posts and rope. But there are many benefits from it. The hedge will acquire a correct, harmonious shape. In addition, the pruning process will be faster and easier.
Plant care after pruning
After pruning, the plant needs to be provided quality care. It involves applying fertilizer and adequate watering. It is best to apply fertilizer in the first months of spring. Use:
- compost - 3-5 cm thick, it is laid out around the plants;
- complex (universal) mineral supplements – suitable for all varieties of plants;
- special mineral fertilizers– used for a specific type of fence (deciduous, coniferous).
Abundant watering and mulching of the soil, as well as regular weeding and loosening the soil, have a good effect on the condition of the pruned plant. If you do not properly care for the hedge afterwards, pruning can weaken the plants, lead to loss of decorativeness, and the death of the plants.
You can mulch the soil with dry grass, covering the soil with a layer of 5–8 cm. Typical gardener mistakes
Many people try not to prune young plants at all in the first few years after they are planted in the ground. This is also incorrect. It is necessary to carry out correct pruning of planted plants to prevent their rapid growth in height. If pruning is not done, the base of the planting will be bare and the top will be too dense. Also, by pruning in the early stages of hedge development, they stimulate the abundant appearance of basal shoots.
Quite often, inexperienced gardeners do not attach due importance to feeding the plant after cleaning its above-ground part. Even if pruning was done correctly, lack of proper nutrition worsens the condition of the hedge. By pruning branches, we deprive the plant of foliage that provides its trophism. It is recommended to add useful minerals and mulch to the soil.
Even free-growing hedges require sanitary pruning at least once a year. Answers to frequently asked questions
Question No. 1. Can cut shoots and leaves be used as mulch?
Branches and foliage removed from hedges during sanitary pruning must be collected and burned. They can be sources of disease and cause harm to healthy plants.
Question No. 2. How to correctly correlate the width of a hedge to its height when pruning?
To prevent the lower part from thinning out excessively, the fence should be wider at the bottom than at the top. It is advisable to trim and shape it in such a way that the width on all sides of the living fence decreases by 10 cm with an increase in height by 1 m.
Question No. 3. Do all living fences need to be trimmed?
Free-growing hedges are not trimmed. It is advisable to use sanitary, stimulating pruning.
Question No. 4. How deep should a living fence be cut?
Superficial pruning, when only the tips of the shoots are removed, leads to loosening and loss of decorativeness by the planting. The depth increases as the hedge grows.
Question No. 5. When is the right time to prune flowering shrubs?
Shrubs that form inflorescences on old growth are pruned and formed immediately after flowering. The rest form in early spring.
To summarize, I would like to remind you that the exact timing, nature and methods of cutting depend on the type of plant. Importance correct pruning difficult to overestimate. It determines the health and beauty of the hedge. That is why you should approach this stage of plant care responsibly and carefully.
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Information for those who have a hedge and for those who want to properly trim separately growing shrubs. Description of work under hand tools. Trimming hedges of spirea, boxwood, rosehip, hawthorn, etc.
Why do bushes need to be trimmed?
A well-groomed plot is the natural desire of every summer resident. Decorative bushes need a haircut. After planting, after 2-3 years, it becomes necessary to regularly trim the crown, otherwise the landscaping of your territory will look wild and untidy. This applies to hedges and separately growing bushes.Limiting growth is necessary to create density of branching and rejuvenation. Cutting off the upper shoots allows the sun to reach the lower parts of the branches, which has a beneficial effect on the growth and condition of the crop. Thanks to the haircut, the density of the fit increases, the functionality of the protection increases: it is not visible, it is not blown through, dust and dirt are better filtered.
Preparing tools for pruning bushes
Large hedges are easier to cut with electric shears/bush trimmers, gas trimmers, and also using measuring instruments. But many summer residents prefer ordinary pruning shears and garden shears. Let's look at how to work with available tools. What do you need to prepare? We list the most necessary equipment: Secateurs,
brush cutter,
scissors for cutting leaves (trellis),
fishing line (cord) to highlight boundaries,
hammer,
stakes,
ladder.
Getting ready to trim the hedge
Decide on the shape of the haircut. In any case, you need to take care of proportions and creating the right lines. For this you will need prepared equipment. First, drive stakes on all sides of your green area. The recess should be significant so that when pulling the rope the post does not sag; usually 30 cm is enough. If the length of the fence is significant, you need to install stakes at intervals of 1.5 m.Now we tighten the guide (fishing line, cord, twine, etc.). On high plantings it will be more convenient to work if the rope is stretched in two rows - the middle and top of the bush. The rope should not sag. You can immediately bury them in the crown and then cut off excess shoots along them.
On a neglected hedge, with heavy pruning (more than 10 cm), two stages will be required, so do not tighten the rope knot “tightly”. After the first adjustment, you will need to move the guide deeper into the crown and move on to the second stage - drawing lines.
If you have doubts about the eye gauge, check the distance from the ground to the guide with a tape measure in several places. As a result, the bush should be enclosed in a rectangular edging with same angles, sides and width.
Hedge trimming
Trimming always starts from the top. You should be comfortable, so if the height is too high, work with a ladder. The best option is placement cutting tool at chest level, you need to hold it horizontally. Your movement depends on the width of the planting. If the top blade is wider than 40 cm, the haircut is carried out on both sides. Having processed the top of one side, to complete the work, you need to move to the second.Removing protruding vegetation is cosmetic stage. Now we need to get busy internal structure hedges and use hand pruners. Your task is to form “skeletal” branches, that is, cut off the shoots directed to the side and leave the crowns growing inward. This will ensure planting density during further growth.
When the procedure for forming the top level is completed, we move on to the sides. You have visual limitations and you work within them. The basic rule for trimming sidewalls is to move from the lower branches to the upper ones and create an even plane. To do this, you stand not facing the bush, but sideways. With this arrangement, the eye slides along the length of the fence, and you see the entire surface of the “wall”. The tool must be held vertically.
It is important to remember that in young plantings pruning is aimed at stimulating branching and only the end of the branch is removed - no more than a third of the annual growth. The depth of the haircut depends on the growth rate.
When to trim your hedges
Strengthened mature plant undergoes regular top trimming. U deciduous plants all pruning is done summer period. From the end of September - it is not carried out, since the plant must get stronger before the onset of frost.Fast-growing types of conifers and some types of junipers are pruned throughout the warm season at intervals of once every 8 weeks. Young hedges are trimmed every year. After five years of age, regularity depends on the growth rate of your plants. For slow growers, once every 2-3 years is enough. After each procedure, watering and fertilizing are required.
If a gardener wants his hedge to be healthy, fluffy and decorate the garden, he must regularly trim the plants. Trimming shrubs is an essential activity for a responsible gardener. Proper pruning helps strengthen the root system, leaves and branches of shrubs. In addition, trimmed hedges look aesthetically pleasing and complement.
Various options topiary hedge trimming
Young hedges should be trimmed no more than once a year. This is done in early spring or late autumn. When the shrub has been growing on the site for more than two years, the frequency of shaping increases as necessary, approximately 2-4 times per year.
Trimming young hedges is best done with sharp garden shears or pruning shears. A small tool in the form of a pruning shear is better suited for trimming small plantings, and garden shears are better suited for tall bushes. Shaping with hand tools takes longer. However, this allows you to cut more accurately and save more whole leaves. For tall plants, power tools are usually used.
Special power tool for cutting hedges You can use a hedge trimmer or electric shears. In some cases, a chainsaw is used. As with hand tools, the gardener should ensure that the blades on power tools are sharp and will not splinter branches.
To give a green hedge a decorative shape, special wire frames are used, pre-painted in bright color. For simple shapes in the form of a square, you can use stretched wire or a construction rope.
You should know: Gardeners plant formed and unformed shrubs. Both varieties need to be pruned during the first years of growth. Further, unformed varieties of hedges do not need to be trimmed. The exception is strong and unwanted growth of branches.
Haircut in the first year of growth
You cannot ignore the instructions for the first shaping of hedges.
Options for shaping hedges on the site The future depends on it appearance, rooting, as well as rapid growth and development of bushes. Hedges are classified into coniferous and deciduous species. We should briefly talk about their haircut.
deciduous hedge
If the hedge is quite branched, then its pruning is done at a level of 30 cm from the ground. On a hedge with a small number of shoots, pruning is done at a level of 15 cm from the ground. Be sure to remove dried, broken or different shoots from the rest.
The process of cutting deciduous hedges A hedge planted in spring or summer should be trimmed immediately. But if, then the haircut should be postponed until early spring.
Read also
Types of fences for dachas
Coniferous hedge
Usually those who land conifers, which already have a formed crown and do not require cutting in the first year of growth. However, if a green shrub hedge shows few shoots, it can be pruned in mid- or late summer. The shoots that are located at the top of the plant are usually cut by 15 cm. As for the side shoots, they can be shortened by 8-10 cm. But the removal of dry and damaged branches is also necessary.
Time for a haircut
If summer residents have beautiful, trimmed hedges in their garden, then you can be sure that they are regularly maintained. Proper trimming of a hedge is the key to its health and decorative appearance.
Advice: deciduous trees should not be cut earlier than a year after planting.
Types of haircuts
Formative
These types of haircuts are used to give a certain shape to a green hedge. Formative pruning is also applied to free-growing varieties, but it depends on the decorative properties of the plant. 
Supporters
Maintenance types of haircuts are carried out for preventive purposes. The cutting parameters depend on the illumination of the area, the uniform growth and flowering of the hedge.
Anti-aging
Rejuvenating haircuts are carried out to stimulate the growth of new stems and shoots in perennial shrubs.
Restorative
These types of haircuts help restore growth abilities. Used for shrubs that have suffered various diseases or in disrepair.
Sanitary
Preventive pruning is used to prevent diseases and maintain the shape of shrubs. The most common and mandatory type of haircut. This haircut can be done once a month, with the exception of winter. 
Sanitary pruning includes the removal of dry branches and leaves, maintaining the shape of the plant, and removing damaged shoots and branches.
Optimal timing for cutting and trimming hedges according to the season. Features of haircut and trimming different types plants.
The optimal timing for pruning is the end of winter - the beginning of spring (from mid-February to mid-April) and the second half of summer (after the shoots have finished growing). Pruning should not be carried out in winter (due to possible negative impact for cutting branches low temperatures and severe drying) and during the period of sap flow (due to the strong release of juices from the surface of the cuts, which weakens the tree and can lead to its death).
Cut leaves and shoots must be carefully collected and burned, because they can be sources of spread of pests and diseases.
On a note: As a rule, beginning gardeners try not to prune young plants at all in the first two to three years after planting. However, the appearance of the fence is determined precisely by initial stage formation. Without early pruning, its base will be “transparent” and the top will be very thick. Therefore, immediately after landing deciduous shrub trimmed to a level of 15-25 cm. New shoots are shortened by half, leaving no more than 20 cm of growth. All this stimulates the growth of shoots from the base of the bush, as a result of which the hedge becomes much denser.
Plants with small leaves(boxwood, privet) or electric scissors. The latter are preferable for processing long hedges. And for pruning plants with large leaves It is better to use mechanical scissors, which cut only the shoots without affecting the foliage.
In subsequent years, the living fence is trimmed several times in spring and summer, maintaining the desired height and shape. At the same time, remove dried, diseased or old shoots. To prevent the upper branches from shading the lower ones, the hedges, as mentioned above, are shaped like a trapezoid, and the base should be 10-15 cm wider than the top. To form a perfectly smooth “wall”, you can use a template.
When growing hedges in natural form they are given the opportunity to grow and bloom freely. Hedges from flowering bushes Do not prune too much, otherwise most of the flower buds will be removed.
For your information: Shrubs, blooming in spring or at the beginning of summer, they are subjected to lightening pruning, which is carried out at the end of flowering once every three years. Most summer flowering shrubs needs radical pruning every spring.
On a note: Shrubs that form flowers on old growth should be formed immediately after flowering. At the same time, faded shoots are cut out with pruning shears, if necessary. Last year's growths are cut at a distance of 15 cm from the base.
This group includes the Canadian serviceberry, most barberries, buddleia, Japanese quince, types and varieties of deutsia, forsythia, large-leaved hydrangea (only faded shoots are cut out from it), Japanese kerria, holly-leaved mahonia, currants, all types and varieties of mock orange, early flowering spirea, lilac, viburnum, weigela.
Timing for cutting and pruning hedges. Features by plant
Some shrubs beautiful flowers by autumn they are replaced by no less attractive fruits, for example. It is better to give such plants the opportunity to develop freely. To rejuvenate these shrubs, when they are 4-5 years old, all finger-thick shoots can be removed at soil level in late autumn.
Pruning spirea comes down to the annual removal of frozen tips of shoots and the complete removal of obsolete branches (after 7-14 years).
In weigela In spring, shoots damaged by frost are regularly removed. Pruning is carried out once every 2-3 years. Best time pruning - immediately after flowering.
For abundant flowering need periodic feeding with mineral and organic fertilizers. After flowering, the bushes, if necessary, are thinned out and faded branches are removed. Overgrown bushes are usually heavily pruned, preserving some of the strong, relatively young shoots, which compensates for the loss of flowering intensity in a given season.
Trimming ordinary usually comes down to removing the oldest shoots. Dense plants with randomly arranged branches are thoroughly thinned out in the spring before the growing season begins or immediately after flowering.
For more colorful flowering, bushes of hydrangea tree and paniculata in March they are thinned out, leaving, depending on their age and size, only 6-12 strong shoots, which are cut into two buds of old wood.
Spiraea japonica in severe winters it can freeze to the snow level or below, but in summer it quickly recovers and blooms. To enhance the decorative effect, faded inflorescences and shriveled branches must be removed regularly.
There is another group of plants that are characterized by flowering on side shoots and ring-shaped formations. They grow slowly and require almost no pruning, with the exception of autumn or spring cutting of shoots that grow very spreading and have lost their ability to vegetate. This group includes species and varieties of some barberries, cotoneasters, species and varieties of rhododendrons, and roses.
You can order a haircut and hedge trimming in Minsk and the Minsk region:
Material prepared by: horticulture specialist Buinovsky O.I.