/ Polyisocyanurate foam (PIR)
Polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) (modified polyurethane foam) is a relatively new insulation material for sandwich panels. The main advantage is low thermal conductivity and low flammability (GZ is normally flammable according to SNiP 21-01-97). Polyisocyanurate foam is a good alternative to mineral wool.
The main advantages of polyisocyanurate foam:
- non-hygroscopic - the percentage of moisture absorption is 1.5-2.0%;
- non-fire hazard - this is achieved due to the content of carbon microcapsules, which, when heated, envelop the insulation, preventing the combustion process from being maintained;
- constant heat transfer throughout the entire service life;
- service life is practically unlimited, thanks to the structure that does not change under the influence of real temperatures;
- no deformation in winter;
- high strength characteristics - the strength of the polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam panel is created due to high adhesion to external skins and a more rigid foam structure;
- density of PIR insulation - 40-45 kg/m 3
Sandwich panels with polyisocyanurate core have the lowest thermal conductivity among all known thermal insulation materials. Panels filled with polyisocyanurate are non-flammable due to the carbon microcapsule component contained in the formula. Foamed polyisocyanurate (PIR) is biologically neutral, resistant to microorganisms, decay, decay, and rodents, and has a wide range of operating temperatures.
Advantages of sandwich panels with polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam core over sandwich panels with basalt core
Comparative characteristics
| Wall | Polyisocyanurate foam | 4,16 | 75 | 45 | 0,05% |
| Roofing | 4,45 | 100 | |||
| Wall | Expanded polystyrene | 3,59 | 140 | 20 | 0,05% |
| Roofing | 3,85 | 150 | |||
| Wall | Basalt mineral wool | 4,0 | 200 | 120 | 2% |
| 3,82 | 150 | ||||
| 4,35 | 200 | ||||
| Roofing | 4,0 | 200 | |||
| 3,82 | 150 | ||||
| 4,35 | 200 |
Polyisocyanurate foam
Characteristics:
Panel thickness: 40-200 mm
Filler: polyisocyanurate foam PIR
Sandwich panels made of polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) are a progressive hydrothermal insulation material. Like polyurethane foam, PIR polyisocyanurate foam is one of the best thermal insulation materials among other insulation materials. Thermal conductivity coefficient PIR k=0.022W/m2*K. The main difference between PIR polyisocyanurate foam and polyurethane foam is its high fire resistance.
Polyisocyanurate foam PIR
Polyisocyanurate foam is a modified polyurethane foam. Like PUF, PIR is obtained by the reaction of a polyol and isocyanurate. In this case, the ratio is taken to be 1:2 (isocyanurate is twice as much as polyol), and polymerization is carried out at a higher temperature. As a result, excess isocyanurate reacts with itself, forming stronger and more stable bonds. Thus it turns out new material– polymerized isocyanurate reinforced with polyurethane (PIR).
Thanks to this chemical “continuity”, polyisocyanurate foam retains everything positive properties polyurethane: low thermal conductivity, low density, good compressive strength, vapor and moisture resistance, durability. At the same time, polyisocyanurate has increased fire resistance: thanks to the flame retardants it contains, PIR does not support combustion and goes out on its own in the absence of a fire source. In addition, compared to polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam is more resistant to harmful substances and solar radiation.
Indicators fire safety polyisocyanurate foam PIR
| Indicator name | Filler | 40 | 60 | 80-120 | 150-200 | Standard |
| Fire resistance limit wall panels | PUR | EI15 | GOST 30247.1-94 | |||
| PIR | EI15 | EI30 | EI45 | GOST 30247.0-94 | ||
| Fire resistance limit roofing panels | PIR | RE15 | RE30 | RE30 | GOST 30247.0-94 GOST 30247.1-94 |
|
| Fire hazard class | PIR | K1 (15) | GOST 30403-96 | |||
| Flammability group | PIR | G2 | GOST 30244-94 | |||
| Flammability group | PIR | IN 1 | GOST 30402-96 | |||
| Smoke generating ability | PIR | D3 | GOST 12.1.044-89 | |||
| Combustion Products Toxicity Group | PIR | T2 | GOST 12.1.044-89 | |||
| Surface flame propagation group | PIR | RP1 | GOST R 51032-97 | |||
Areas of use
Sandwich panels made of polyisocyanurate foam PIR are used for construction:
large refrigerated and freezing warehouses;
production, warehouse and logistics complexes;
shopping complexes;
sports facilities, swimming pools, cinemas;
commercial real estate objects;
objects Food Industry.
Sandwich panels with polyisocyanurate foam are insulated:
foundation and floor;
external walls both outside and inside;
flat and sloping roofs;
interfloor and attic floors.
Thanks to its unique chemical properties PIR sandwich panels are indispensable in construction:
freezers;
warehouses of harmful or chemically active substances;
liquid gas storage facilities;
and other similar structures.
Advantages of sandwich panels with polyisocyanurate foam core
Excellent fire resistance indicators allow the use of PIR in conditions of very high temperatures (the maximum operating temperature of rigid polyurethane foam is +100°C, polyisocyanurate foam +150°C).
Along with polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam has best characteristics thermal conductivity compared to other thermal insulation materials.
Has high mechanical strength. Ideal for thermal insulation of structures that bear heavy loads (e.g. cement strainer floors, etc.).
PIR is not hygroscopic and is not destroyed under the influence of temperature changes or freezing cycles. In winter, PIR panels do not deform. As a result, the service life of panels with PIR is practically unlimited.
The material is environmentally friendly, non-toxic and does not cause allergies.
Ease of installation. Light weight of the structure - due to obtaining the necessary thermal characteristics of the structure with insulation thickness starting from 40 mm.
Comparison of polyisocyanurate foam with mineral wool
| FEAST | Mineral wool | |
| Density, kg/m 3 | 40-50 | 115-200 |
| Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/m°C | 0,022 | up to 0.052 |
| Moisture absorption in 24 hours at 96% relative humidity, volume % | 0,01 | > 0,2 |
Design
PIR wall panels
The surface of sandwich panels can be smooth or profiled, in any color according to the RAL catalog.
The width of the wall panels is 1185 mm. Length – up to 16000 mm.
Wall panel thickness – 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 140 mm, 150 mm, 160 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm.
PIR roofing panels
The top sheet of the roofing panel has a special deep profile to withstand snow loads, the bottom sheet can be smooth or trapezoidal.
The width of PPU roofing panels is 1000 mm. Length – from 1500 mm to 16000 mm.
The thickness of the roofing panels is 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm.
Options for metal coatings of PIR sandwich panels
Cold rolled galvanized steel;
Cold-rolled galvanized steel, painted with polyester paint in color according to the RAL catalogue;
Cold rolled galvanized steel with pural coating;
Cold rolled galvanized steel with plastisol coating;
Cold rolled galvanized steel with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating.
PIR wall sandwich panels
Sandwich panels with PIR filler are manufactured with a tongue-and-groove lock of a unique configuration, which provides:
Maximum thermal and waterproofing of sandwich panel joints;
Elimination of “cold bridges”;
Minimal use polyurethane foam when joining panels.
Depending on the thickness of the wall panels, the tongue-and-groove lock can be single, double or triple.
Roofing sandwich panels PIR
The ROOF-LOCK lock is used to connect roofing panels.
Behind last years Among domestic developers, interest in the construction of energy-efficient houses has increased. This is due to the constant rise in energy prices and the desire to reduce heating costs. One of the basic principles of such construction is the choice the best way insulation of the foundation, walls and roof.
The modern construction market offers a variety of insulation materials. Along with the well-known species, new types have appeared. This is PPU (PUR and PIR) thermal insulation. Therefore, within the framework of this article, we, with the help of specialists from the National Association of PPU Panel Manufacturers (NAPPAN), will answer the following questions:
- What is PUR and PIR thermal insulation.
- What is a sandwich panel with PIR and PUR insulation.
- Where can sandwich panels and PIR thermal insulation be used?
Differences between PUR and PIR thermal insulation
Before talking about the technical features of PUR and PIR thermal insulation, you need to understand what requirements professional builders follow when constructing energy-efficient cottages and commercial buildings. Among the key parameters we can highlight: speed, quality of work performed, optimization of all technological processes, high thermal characteristics structures, environmental friendliness and durability.
It follows that to insulate a house, you need a material that, along with high thermal insulation ability, strength and ease of use, has a long service life (durability). Those. retains its thermal insulation properties throughout the entire period of operation of the building. Based on these requirements, the key parameter affecting the characteristics of any insulation is the material from which it is made. Let's consider the properties of PUR and PIR thermal insulation.
Polyurethane foam (PUR or PPU) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) are two related classes of polymers that have a closed-cell structure. The cells are filled with a foaming agent (gas) with a low degree of thermal conductivity (0.022 W/m*K). This is lower than the thermal conductivity of air (0.025 W/m*K).
Because Since the system of closed spherical cells in the material is closed, it does not release gas, therefore, and also thanks to the use of steam-waterproof linings, the insulation does not lose its high heat-insulating properties over time.
For clarity, let’s compare the thermal conductivity coefficient of polyurethane foam with other thermal insulation materials.
Alexey Gorokhov
Some manufacturers, thanks to the use of various technological features, achieve even lower thermal conductivity values than 0.022 W/m*K.
Due to the peculiarities of production, as well as the use of vapor-tight linings (most often foil), this thermal conductivity indicator is maintained throughout the entire period of operation of the insulation. Therefore, to ensure the same thermal protection characteristics of the building requires a thinner layer of PIR thermal insulation than other insulation materials.
This feature is of great importance when insulating a room from the inside (we do not increase the thickness of the insulation, which means we preserve the usable area of the room). In case of thermal insulation of the floor (distance to the ceiling is limited) or balcony ( small area premises, so there is no possibility to increase the insulation layer). In addition, thanks to the use of thinner material, we save money on delivery and material consumption of the buildings being built. Because On the walls, in order to achieve the normalized value of the thermal resistance of the enclosing structure (depending on the region of construction), a layer of insulation of less weight and thickness is mounted.
It should be noted that since the production of synthetic fibers from polyol and isocyanate products by the German chemist-technologist Otto Bayer in 1937, polyurethane foam has long and firmly taken its place in our lives. Polyurethanes are used in the medical, civil, space and defense industries. Therefore, we can say that extensive practical experience, confirming the material’s ability to maintain low thermal conductivity for a long period of time (40 years or more).
Burmistrov RomanExpert of the NAPPAN Association. Representative of the manufacturer of thermal insulation PIR slabs
Polyurethanes are widely used in the production of car interior parts, office furniture, mattresses and upholstered furniture, pillows, shoes, adhesives and sealants, flooring.
It should also be noted that main feature insulation based on polyisocyanurate ( PIR), - is polymer thermoresponsiveness. Those. When the polymer is exposed to fire, a porous carbon matrix is formed (charring and coking of the outer surface of the insulation occurs), which prevents the burning of the internal layers of the polymer and, accordingly, the spread of fire.
The main difference between PUR and PIR is that PIR is a more fire-resistant version of PUR.
This ensures high fire-technical indicators of both the material itself (flammability group G1) and the structures where it is used. In the case of using insulation in structures, indicators K0 - K1 are achieved in the class of structural fire hazard, in the case of using sandwich panels - K1. Those. the material, in terms of its performance, occupies an average niche between mineral wool (NG, K0) and expanded polystyrene (G3-G4, K0-K3). These indicators are especially relevant in the construction of roofs.
Burmistrov Roman
In contrast to the option of using polystyrene, when installing roofing systems of any area using PIR boards, fireproof cuts are not required.
Interesting fact: PIR is also used for thermal insulation of launch vehicle tanks and in armored vehicles, because If incendiary shells hit the car, the material instantly cokes, which prevents the spread of flame.
The material also has high strength characteristics. This is of particular importance when using PIR for insulation. flat roofs, because The rigidity of the base is a key parameter for maintaining the performance of the waterproofing roofing material.
Burmistrov Roman
The durability of a waterproofing carpet is 80% determined by the rigidity of its base.
The use of incorrectly selected thermal insulation materials, which lose their properties during operation performance characteristics(including rigidity), leads to an inevitable reduction in the service life of the entire roofing system .
Alexey Gorokhov
In Europe there is a special term walkability, which means the ability of thermal insulation to withstand periodically occurring variable loads. In terms of this indicator, PIR is significantly ahead of mineral wool insulation, which ensures an increase in the service life of the roof.
It is also worth noting the moisture resistance of PUR and PIR thermal insulation and the ability to maintain their geometric dimensions and uniformity. This important parameters, because when the insulation is oversaturated with water, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material increases, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the thermal resistance of the enclosing structure. And if the insulation shrinks over time (loses its rigidity and load-bearing capacity), as often happens with fibrous materials, and slides down, then top part The enclosing structures in the case of sandwich panels will remain without insulation at all.
In addition, fully cured polyisocyanurate is a chemically stable and inert material that practically does not lose its mechanical and thermal properties over time. The material does not rot, is moisture resistant, does not decompose, is not affected by rodents, is chemically stable and safe for the environment.
Sandwich panel with PIR and PUR insulation
Sandwich panels with PIR and PUR insulation are a three-layer composite construction material, each layer of which performs a specific function.
Fausto Baldino Expert of the NAPPAN Association. Representative of the company producing PIR and PUR sandwich panels
Between the two layers of sandwich panel skin there is a layer of insulation, which can be polyurethane foam (PUR) or polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).
Profiled or flat steel sheets can be used as insulation sheathing, i.e. The sandwich panel is at the same time a thermal insulation and structural material that saves heat and acts as an external and internal lining, which does not require finishing.
Because sandwich panels are produced in industrial production conditions; they have clearly defined geometric dimensions, which speeds up the process of building construction. The panels themselves are relatively light in weight. This reduces the load on the foundation, reduces transportation costs and simplifies all technological operations. If necessary, a building made of sandwich panels can be dismantled and transported to another location. There is also no construction waste at the construction site.
Fausto Baldino
During installation, sandwich panels are connected to metal, reinforced concrete or wooden frame, open or hidden fastening system.
Sandwich panels can be used as enclosing and self-supporting structures in the construction of buildings and structures using the frame-panel method, or as facing material during the reconstruction of facades. Sandwich panels can also serve as sound and heat insulating partitions in commercial and industrial buildings.
Alexey Gorokhov
Unlike other thermal insulation materials, PIR was first used only in sandwich panels and only then began to be used as board insulation.
You should pay attention to the features of the production of sandwich panels and PIR thermal insulation. The technological process requires that polyurethane foam be sprayed between two claddings, and since there is no gluing (polyurethane has increased adhesion to facings), a strong connection is obtained. In the case of sandwich panels, a metal sheet is used as cladding, and in the case of PIR boards, there are many options. Combining various options substrates (using fiberglass, foil, etc.), we obtain a material with different properties and areas of application.
For example, there is cladding with a fire-retardant coating (graphite), which expands when exposed to flame. Or - fiberglass (for insulation external walls according to the system wet facade"), as well as a special coating for fusing waterproofing using the fire method.
Alexey Gorokhov
When constructing an energy-efficient building, it is important to ensure a closed thermal insulation loop and remove all cold bridges. When using a tongue-and-groove connection in the case of using PPU thermal insulation (PURPIR), the panels are connected using foam.
For example, for thermal insulation pitched roofs lock connection, coupled with high strength characteristics, allows you to perform thermal insulation of the roof over the sheathing, which allows you to completely get rid of cold bridges (wood has a fairly high thermal conductivity).
Summarizing
The characteristics of the material determine the scope of its application. Sandwich panels and PIR thermal insulation have zero moisture absorption, are strong and durable, and allow you to quickly erect energy-efficient buildings. If the main area of application of sandwich panels is commercial and industrial construction, then in the case of thermal insulation boards based on PIR (they are also called soft-clad panels) - this is the construction of roofs (both flat and pitched). The slabs are also used to insulate external and internal enclosing structures, floors, walls in saunas, and balconies. In addition, because The production of sandwich panels and PIR thermal insulation is possible only in high-tech and expensive production; the possibility of counterfeit products is eliminated.
The material was prepared with the participation of specialists from the NAPPAN Association.
You can take part in the discussion in the FORUMHOUSE topic. We also recommend watching a video about building an energy-efficient house according to passive house building standards.
– The best decision for enclosing structures of industrial prefabricated buildings, industrial refrigerators, refrigeration chambers, production, administrative and household premises. Ultraviolet radiation, strong winds, precipitation, sudden temperature changes do not at all affect the quality and durability of sandwich panels. Polyurethane foam polyurethane foam sandwich panels are absolutely environmentally friendly and are recommended for use not only in residential construction, but also in the food industry.
Polyurethane foam polyurethane foam sandwich panels will reliably protect your building from exposure external factors, will significantly extend the service life of the building envelope, significantly reduce the cost of Maintenance, will improve appearance building. And all this with minimal time and financial costs.
Polyurethane foam PUR PIR (PUR PIR) sandwich panels– are connected to each other using a specially designed hermetic profile - double tongue-and-groove. Sandwich panels are made from high-quality materials - profiled steel sheet with polymer coating(PE polyester) and high density rigid polyurethane foam, which provides rigid load-bearing structure sandwich panels.
The color of the external skins of sandwich panels can be any according to the RAL catalog. The installation width of the sandwich panels is 1185 mm, any length according to the Customer’s instructions. The design of the skins (coverings) of polyurethane foam polyurethane foam sandwich panels can be any: galvanized steel sheet with micro-profile (or smooth) and polyester polymer coating, uncoated galvanized steel sheet, stainless steel sheet, aluminum sheet, galvanized steel sheet with plastisol coating, and also with chemically resistant PVDF coating, metal foil or polyethylene film.
Technical characteristics of PUR polyurethane foam and PIR polyisocyanurate foam sandwich panels:
| Composition of sandwich panels | ||
| Sheathing type | Sheathing thickness, mm | Filler type |
| Galvanized steel sheet with polymer coating (PE) | 0,35; 0,40; 0,45; 0,50; 0,60; 0,65 | rigid polyurethane foam density 45 kg/m³ thermal conductivity coefficient 0.02 W/mK fire resistance limit EI 15, EI 30, EI 45 content of harmful substances - absent |
| Uncoated Galvanized Steel Sheet (Zn) | ||
| Aisi 304 stainless steel sheet | ||
| Stainless steel sheet Aisi 430 | ||
| Galvanized steel sheet with chemical resistant polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) coating | ||
| Foil, film, paper | 0,10; 0,20; 0,30 | |
Color palette of sandwich panels according to the RAL table:
| RAL yellow | |||||||
| 1000 | 1001 | 1002 | 1003 | 1004 | 1005 | 1006 | 1007 |
| 1011 | 1012 | 1034 | 1014 | 1033 | 1016 | 1017 | 1018 |
| 1019 | 1020 | 1021 | 1023 | 1024 | 1027 | 1028 | 1032 |
| RAL orange | |||||||
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| 2011 | 2012 | ||||||
| RAL red | |||||||
| 3000 | 3001 | 3002 | 3003 | 3004 | 3005 | 3007 | 3009 |
| 3011 | 3012 | 3013 | 3014 | 3015 | 3016 | 3017 | 3018 |
| 3020 | 3022 | 3027 | 3031 | ||||
| RAL violet | |||||||
| 4001 | 4002 | 4003 | 4004 | 4005 | 4006 | 4007 | 4008 |
| 4009 | 4010 | ||||||
| RAL blue | |||||||
| 5000 | 5001 | 5002 | 5003 | 5004 | 5005 | 5007 | 5008 |
| 5009 | 5010 | 5011 | 5012 | 5013 | 5014 | 5015 | 5017 |
| 5018 | 5019 | 5020 | 5021 | 5022 | 5023 | 5024 | |
| RAL green | |||||||
| 6000 | 6001 | 6002 | 6003 | 6004 | 6005 | 6006 | 6007 |
| 6008 | 6009 | 6010 | 6011 | 6012 | 6013 | 6014 | 6015 |
| 6016 | 6017 | 6018 | 6019 | 6020 | 6021 | 6022 | 6024 |
| 6025 | 6026 | 6027 | 6028 | 6029 | 6032 | 6033 | 6034 |
| RAL gray | |||||||
| 7000 | 7001 | 7001 | 7002 | 7003 | 7004 | 7005 | 7006 |
| 7008 | 7009 | 7010 | 7011 | 7012 | 7013 | 7015 | 7016 |
| 7021 | 7022 | 7023 | 7024 | 7025 | 7026 | 7030 | 7031 |
| 7032 | 7033 | 7034 | 7035 | 7036 | 7037 | 7038 | 7039 |
| 7040 | 7042 | 7043 | 7044 | 7045 | 7046 | 7047 | |
| RAL brown | |||||||
| 8000 | 8001 | 8002 | 8003 | 8004 | 8007 | 8008 | 8011 |
| 8012 | 8014 | 8015 | 8016 | 8017 | 8019 | 8022 | 8023 |
| 8024 | 8025 | 8028 | |||||
| RAL white, black, metallic | |||||||
| 9001 | 9002 | 9003 | 9004 | 9005 | 9006 | 9007 | 9010 |
| 9011 | 9016 | 9017 | 9018 | ||||