Interesting activities with a speech therapist. It's time for speech therapy exercises. Book material for classes

Exciting many parents and far from being the simplest topic in itself about the setting of sounds in children of five years of age requires careful consideration. Speech therapy classes for children are often given very little attention, and completely in vain. Adults brush it off, they say, it will pass by itself with age, but it may not. Often, the "clumsy" speech of an adult takes its origins precisely from these "half-educated" children.

Wrong impure speech creates, first for a child, and then for an adult, a lot of complexes. He becomes withdrawn and uncommunicative. Hurry to correct the shortcomings now to help the baby avoid similar problems in the future. You can do this at home as well. The home environment liberates the child, and it is easier for him to study freely. We bring to your attention a number of useful and interesting games that you can organize yourself.

The child's speech development should begin with preschool age

Types of defects

Let us first turn to the main types of speech disorders. There are a huge number of them, but each eventually becomes unique, as it belongs to a specific child:

Stuttering (we recommend reading :). This phenomenon occurs most often. You can notice it closer to the age of three, when the child begins to build his first big sentences. To correct the defect, it is better to immediately consult a specialist. It is also important to monitor your progress and not give up playing exercises, because there are times when the "illness" came back again.
Dislalia (we recommend to read :). This tricky word means nothing more than confusion in the pronunciation of individual consonants. Most often, this phenomenon covers the sounds "r", "l" and "sh".
Vileness. This phenomenon also occurs among defects, but most likely the problem lies precisely in the incorrect structure of the speech apparatus, then mom and dad have a direct road to the ENT, who will try to solve it and fix it as much as possible.
General speech underdevelopment or. Often this phenomenon is deeply associated with the wrong approach to communicating with the child. In a family with a baby, they often lisp, distorted words and endings. All this created a huge confusion in the child's head and now he himself constantly confuses prepositions, endings, etc. Hurry to correct, because school is not far off!
Neurological congenital diseases. In this case, consultation and treatment with a neurologist is strictly necessary.
Delayed speech development or ZRP. This ailment can manifest itself closer to the age of three. The average child usually speaks a lot at this age and incessantly, but if there is a clear scarcity of speech, it is worth visiting a specialist for a consultation.

Be always on the alert. No flaws should escape your scrutiny. If you notice something is wrong, do not postpone treatment, but consult an experienced doctor as soon as possible.

If the scarcity of speech of a preschooler is striking, you need to consult with an experienced speech therapist - it is possible that certain deviations will be identified

Speech therapist help: when is it time?

This article talks about typical ways solutions to your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve your particular problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

We must sadly admit that modern facilities communications, such as TV, computer, abruptly and thoroughly supplanted communication from life. Reading books has been reduced to a minimum, but watching TV shows and cartoons takes almost half a day. Children communicate too little both with their parents and with each other. The TV offers a wide range of everything interesting and exciting, which means there is no point in looking for other ways to obtain information.

Hence, there are problems with sound pronunciation. They occur more and more often, and the aggravation of the problem sometimes becomes rapid. Behind the TV and monitor, the parent may not notice that the child needs help, and it should be provided the sooner the better. Any problem, in particular a speech therapy problem, cannot be delayed, then the ability to correct something wrong and deliver the correct speech increases significantly.

Home lessons in speech therapy

Most often, speech therapy specialists are visited by parents with children after the age of four. This is the age when children can already master the pronunciation of complex consonant sounds, and also know how to build logically complete sentences. At the age of six, a child can easily build a story - for example, from a picture. Is such a task beyond your child's shoulder? This is a reason to worry and ask for help from a specialist.

Getting a diagnosis from a speech therapist or other specialist will involve attending classes - usually several times a week. It is imperative to follow the schedule, otherwise it will be quite difficult to achieve a sustainable result.

Perseverance and perseverance will certainly give their worthy and pleasant fruits in the form of pure speech. It is advisable to play games at home in good mood and not force the baby to practice against his will. We will bring to your attention interesting and useful exercises that can be carried out at home, starting from the existing problem.

Parents can also engage with the child at home, using didactic materials for this.

To the pronunciation of sounds

Most often, the sounds L, R and Sh fall into the field of activity of a speech therapist. They are the most insidious. A crumb may at first just skip them in words and not pronounce them. This is a variant of the norm, over time the baby will master these sounds, but the situation becomes more complicated when, instead of them, the child chooses lighter sounds and replaces the difficult ones with them.

Sound P

It is important to stretch the entire articulation apparatus before playing. Everything should work for children - the tongue, the lips, and the palate. Let's start with the sound R. The following exercises will be good helpers:

The mouth should be opened wide and in this position, smile. The lower jaw remains motionless. The tongue with its tip makes stroking movements along the upper palate back and forth. Practice yourself in order to be able to explain this later to the child more clearly and easily.
The tip of the tongue makes brushing movements of the teeth with their inside... At the same time, the mouth is open wide. Correct explanation will help any 5-year-old to do this exercise.
Such a developmental option will be a good exercise. A small ball with a hole should be put on a stick. We ask the baby to open his mouth and say: "DDRRR". At this moment, you need to hold the ball under the tongue. Movements must be fast.
The kid is given the task to say the word "yes". At the same time, the tip of the tongue rests against the upper teeth. Then the sound "Dy", now the tongue rests against the upper palate.

The training video that you will see below will help you to correctly set the articulation for pronouncing the sound "r". Moving on to the next difficult sound.

Sound L

We pronounce the sound "L":

The mouth is wide open and the tongue rests on the lower lip. Helping yourself with your hand, supporting your chin, pronounce the syllables "la", "lo", "li", "lu".
Make a dyeing motion with your tongue over the surface of the palate.
Offer the baby to reach the tip of the nose with your tongue.
We lick the sponges, as if there is jam left there.

Sound Ш

Let's move on to the complex sound "Ш":

Place the very tip of the tongue under the upper lip. Now a sharp jerk down, you should get a resounding click.
Pull the lips forward with a tube and freeze in this position for about 7 seconds.
Put a small cotton wool on the baby's nose and offer to blow it off. The task of the crumbs is to raise the cotton wool up. This exercise is very fun and your little one will surely enjoy it.

These were exercises for articulation and correct formulation of sounds. Below we will consider interesting options exercises for daily developmental activities.

Classes for clear speech

Five-year-old children are already very smart and perfectly able to repeat after adults, to reproduce even very complex actions. Indeed, articulation tasks can sometimes be quite difficult. We have eliminated all the most difficult and left only those exercises that are easy to perform and at the same time very effective. They will be an excellent workout for children with OHP.

Articulation gymnastics

Smile broadly, showing everyone your teeth. Then we pull the sponges forward with a tube.
Tighten the muscles of the lips as much as possible, then make a smooth relaxation.
Bite lightly on the lower and upper lips alternately.
We depict the clatter of hooves with the tongue. All kids love to do this.

The warm-up time will take no more than 15 minutes. All exercises will be useful not only for children, but also for adults with some impairments in diction.

We will also offer funny and effective speech games for children 5-6 years old for correct setting sound pronunciation:

Play baby crying: "Whoa-whoa!"
We eat like mice: "Pee-pee-pee".
We shout, as if we are lost in the forest: “Hey! Hey! "
We buzz like the wind in the mountains: "Uuuuu!"
We combine vowels and consonants. We shout like animals: "Meow", "Woof", "Kva-kva", "Ha-ha-ha".
We growl like bears: "Rrrrr!"
We sing a song: "La-la-la, la-la-la."

By the way, singing is very useful for learning. correct speech... Any favorite song will come in handy. Many children are very fond of songs like "There was a birch tree in the field" or "Two funny geese lived with a grandmother." They will be great helpers, because there is a smooth stretching of sounds, and for pronunciation correction, this is a great thing. It is not for nothing that in kindergartens, musical lessons are necessarily included in the educational program, although they do not exclude the activity of a speech therapist, who is present there.

Singing, even amateur singing, helps your child develop correct speech skills faster.

Kindergarten Classes

In kindergartens, as a rule, speech therapy games are held, which are divided into 2 main types:

Individual. When a particular child has a problem that needs to be addressed.
Group. Classes are held simultaneously with several children who have similar speech defects.

Such classes are necessary in every preschool institution, but the truth is not everywhere. Closer to school age, speech therapy classes become mandatory, because they are preparing for school. Chanting will be a great workout. They seem to be songs, but not simple ones. Sound utterance occurs along with the performance of certain actions.

Nice game "Flying Plane". The kids in unison depict the sound of a flying plane: "Uuuuuu!". In this case, for persuasiveness, you should spread your arms-wings. We command:

The plane flies closer (the buzz becomes louder), the plane flies away (the sound becomes quieter).
Breaking! Simultaneously with the buzzing, the babies hit themselves on the chest with their palm.
We are going to board! Continuing to hum: "Oooooo!" the planes land and sit on their chairs.

Practice with a microphone. Try to show the children how the sound volume changes as we move the microphone closer and closer.

Remember, most problems are solvable. The main thing is not to start and not throw everything on its own, but to engage and develop, then even diagnoses like ZPR or ZPRR will not seem so scary.

Working with a microphone allows you to develop the child's artistry, and gives him the opportunity to hear his own speech from the outside.

When the doctor put "ZPR"

In addition to parents who are ready to find a lot of flaws in their blood on their own, there are those who, on the contrary, do not notice the obvious. At the age of five, a child should be able to freely and coherently express their thoughts. Confusing syllables in words at this age is unacceptable.

Here are a number of diagnoses, the setting of which is often very frightening for parents:

ZRR. With this diagnosis, only the pronunciation side lags behind in its development. Mental functions are not impaired. Early diagnosis will allow you not to develop RRR into RRR.
ZPRR - delayed psychoverbal development (we recommend reading :). In this case, not only speech suffers, but also the psyche, and with it the mental abilities.
ZPR - delay mental development... An extensive diagnosis that, among other areas, also affects the child's pronunciation skills.

When one of the diagnoses is made, you should seek help from specialists as soon as possible, because the earlier the treatment process is started, the faster and more efficiently the rehabilitation will take place. Neglect can occur in any type of illness, so do not delay starting therapy.

Loving parents should first of all create a positive and calm for the child. external environment, and also start looking for smart doctors. Here, most likely, you will need a speech therapist and a neurologist. Below we present a small list of didactic literature that can be very useful in corrective exercises with a child.

Literature

When someone in the family has speech defects, didactic thematic books must be at hand and on the shelves. Competent authors offer sets of lessons for speech therapy games which will be quite helpful.

"Speech therapy homework for children 5-7 years old with OHP", author Teremkova N.E. This is the first of four albums. Each album is dedicated to different vocabulary topics.
"Speech therapy group: play activities with children 5-7 years old ", author Derbina A.I. The optimal way teaching a child something is a game. The game form of presentation of the material will be appropriate for preschool children. This book is suitable for parents of children with complex speech defects.
“Lessons from a speech therapist. Games for the development of speech ", author Kosinova E.M. This book also offers a playful form of material presentation, and another big plus is that it can be used with children absolutely different ages: from 6 months to 6 years! The book contains tasks for finger and for articulatory gymnastics(we recommend reading:

When we hear the uncomplicated speech of a toddler, of course, this cannot but cause a smile. And indeed, when he is 2-3 years old, there is nothing wrong with that, but if the baby has crossed the 5-year-old line and has problems with pronouncing some letters or with slurred speech, parents should pay close attention to this.

Therefore, today we want to talk about speech therapy defects that are observed at the age of 5-6 years, what activities are there for children to correct this problem, and consider the exercises that parents can do with their children at home.

Speech therapy defects

There are a huge variety of speech defects, but we will consider the most common options that are most common.

Stuttering

In children, this defect is considered the most common. Due to the fact that the muscles that make up the speech apparatus are in a convulsive state, a violation of the smoothness and rhythm of speech occurs. There is a clonic form of stuttering (when the baby stretches or repeats certain syllables, for example, mmm-machine or ve-ve-ve-bicycle, etc.) and tonic (due to which pauses occur in speech, i.e. m ... a car or ... a bicycle.) You can notice this violation when the baby is about 3 years old, it is at this age that he begins to build great sentences.

Therefore, in such a situation, you should not delay until 4-5 years, but consult a doctor, as soon as you notice this deviation, and start speech therapy classes for kids.

Dislalia

Another frequent violation dyslalia is considered, that is, the occurrence of phonetic disorders, but at the same time the child has normal hearing and well-delivered speech. Dislalia is of 3 types:

Violation of the pronunciation of hissing (w, h, w, w) and sibilant sounds (s, s, c) or their difficult pronunciation;
Rotacism, that is, incorrect pronunciation of the letter "r";
Rhinolalia, or "nasal", when the sound and timbre of the voice are distorted during the pronunciation of the child. The main reason for this phenomenon is considered to be a violation in the structure of the components of the speech apparatus (nasopharynx, nasal cavity, hard and soft palate).

Delayed speech development

Such a violation is observed in children under 5 years old, and it consists in the fact that the child's speech is poor, he speaks too little and has a small speech reserve. In such a situation, it is necessary to consult a specialist and exclude neurological abnormalities in development.

General speech underdevelopment

Such a problem often arises due to the fact that from the very beginning they spoke to the baby incorrectly, that is, instead of clearly pronouncing the words, they “lisp” with him and distorted the correct pronunciation. In such a situation, the baby is simply confused and cannot understand what his mistake is. Such a violation manifests itself after 5 years and lies in the fact that the baby can incorrectly pronounce, bend and form words.

There are also situations when a child has problems with the development of speech due to neurological abnormalities or diseases. In this case, the complex assistance of a neurologist and speech therapist is required.

When to see a speech therapist

Parents often ask this question because there are different opinions on this matter. Someone says that if there is any suspicion of a lag in the development of speech, you should immediately run to the doctor. And someone, on the contrary, is waiting for a certain age at which everything should work out for the crumbs. What is the right thing to do for parents?

Everything is very simple: the sooner you notice the problem and start solving it, the more chances the baby will have to learn how to pronounce certain words correctly. In this situation, it is better to go to the doctor's office and hear that your son or daughter has no problems than to miss them, not to rush to go to a specialist and deprive the crumbs of timely help.

Speech therapy classes with a child at home

Speech therapy classes with children depend on age: for example, at the age of 5, emphasis should be placed on the correct pronunciation of complex consonant sounds and logical chains, and at 7 - on the child's construction of short stories.

You can spend most of the classes with your baby at home in the form different games, of which there are a huge variety, depending on the problem, and the main thing is that the kids really like to play. Thus, you can combine business with pleasure. You can watch some of the basic exercises in the video below.

V modern world we sorely lack communication. Internet and social networks- these are the places where people disappear more and more often, and even modern sociological studies clearly show that we need to communicate with each other. This also applies to parents. In modern families, parents do not talk to their children or do it very rarely. And this reason leads to the fact that they start talking late, become withdrawn and uncommunicative. Therefore, you need to start communicating even when the baby is in the womb of his mother. And when he is born, communication is needed not only in order to develop relationships with him, but also for his speech development. And the more your speech is filled with a variety of words, the more vocabulary your baby will have.
Also read books to children. Firstly, while reading, he will hear and memorize new words, thereby increasing his vocabulary, and secondly, you will show your daughter or son a source of new and interesting information. And over time, he or she will enjoy reading. Agree, it's very cool.
Psycho-emotional development is also very important. If boys and girls grow up in a relaxed environment, surrounded by love and attention, as a rule, they have much less speech problems. And even if a baby has health problems that interfere with development, a baby surrounded by love will be able to overcome this barrier much easier than children deprived of care and parental affection.

Speech therapy exercises with children - video

We bring to your attention a video, which presents articulation exercises helping the child to pronounce the sounds of speech correctly. These activities will help your child learn to speak correctly.

When a four-year-old does not pronounce individual letters, lisps or distorts words, this causes concern for parents, especially if in the immediate environment there are examples of peers with almost perfect speech. About what speech defects for children of 4 years old are considered the norm, and when to talk about, and what to do to eliminate this lag - and will be discussed in this article.

Features of the speech apparatus at 4 years old

A child at the age of four already has sufficient command of such an instrument as speech, and knows how to use it to communicate with the outside world. A small person no longer just pronounces words and puts them into sentences, but with the help of words expresses his own thoughts and draws independent conclusions from information received from outside.

The social circle of children of this age group is also expanding significantly. The child already has little communication with parents and loved ones, he wants contact with the world in the face of various strangers, moreover, the child not only willingly makes such contact, but also initiates it himself.
The word "why" most often flies from the language of parents in relation to a child during this period of his life. Experts believe that the more questions "why" asks, the better mental development he demonstrates. The fact that asking a question, your child often loses interest in the answer, not having listened to it to the end, is also the norm, the man has not yet learned to concentrate, and parents need to try to formulate answers simply and clearly.

Did you know? If it seems to you that your baby becomes silent only when she falls asleep, do not be surprised: it should be so. At this age, the norm for a child is an almost continuous speech flow throughout the entire waking time.

The vocabulary of a four-year-old baby is rich enough to communicate, but still too poor to, for example, retell a story told by his mother to his grandmother the day before, or recount in detail the events of the past day. On the other hand, thanks to an excellent memory, a rhyme or the same fairy tale, if it is short, the kid can repeat word for word, not even fully understanding the meaning of individual words and phrases.

Already realizing that all objects and actions around have their own names, the baby can independently replace the unknown name with a collective name, for example, call a violet a flower, and a herring a fish.
In addition to nouns and verbs, the little man already uses more complex parts of speech in conversation - pronouns, adverbs, interjections, conjunctions and prepositions. Inconsistency of cases and errors in the use of such official parts of speech are completely normal at this age.

On simple questions the kid already gives not monosyllabic, but rather detailed answers.

The vocabulary of a child by the age of four reaches an average of two thousand words.

Further, this age is characterized by a very rapid improvement of speech, it improves right before our eyes, the baby begins to try to speak competently, imitating adults (it turns out, of course, not right away, but the attempts are obvious).

It is normal if intuitively sensing the presence in the language compound words(airplane, steamer, etc.), the baby begins to invent his own new words in the same way.

In some cases, the toddler even tries to explore rhymes and compose simple rhymes.
Nevertheless, the speech apparatus at this age is still far from perfect. It is not a deviation from the norm if the baby:

confuses cases, matching gender and number (opened the "door", the cat "ran", etc.);
rearranges places or skips syllables or sounds in complex words;
does not pronounce whistling, hissing and sonorous sounds: hissing sounds are replaced by whistling ones ("ezik" instead of "hedgehog", "syum" instead of "noise") and vice versa ("zhayats" instead of "hare", "sheledka" instead of "herring"), and the sonorous "l" and "r" are replaced by "l" and "y", respectively ("yiba" instead of "fish", "swallow" instead of "swallow").

At the same time, by the age of four, a growing up person usually acquires the skill of continuous pronunciation of words with two consonants in a row (plum, bomb, apple). This is facilitated by the strengthening of the muscular apparatus of the tongue and lips, as well as the coordination of their movements. The sounds "y", "x", "e", which are incomprehensible at first, usually do not cause any difficulties at this stage.

In addition, the child already knows how to adjust the volume of speech depending on the specific circumstances (at home, speak quieter, and louder on a noisy street). Speech begins to take on intonation.

Another feature of this age is that the baby begins to notice speech errors in other children.

The main characteristics of the speech of a child at 4 years old

All of the above is considered the norm rather conditionally. All children are individual, both in mental abilities and in temperament, some develop faster, others slower, and say that Olya knows two thousand words and writes poetry, and Vasya is only a thousand and is confused in simple sentences, therefore, is mentally retarded is completely wrong.

Did you know? The concept of the norm in boys and girls is also very different: in terms of speech, four-year-old girls are ahead of their male peers by an average of 4 months, for this age this is a lot!

In addition, constant communication with loved ones for children of 4 years old is the best classes for the development of speech, therefore, a child growing up in a loving and attentive family has an objectively developed speech apparatus and vocabulary than a toddler who is not needed by anyone.

Nevertheless, there are objective indicators indicating that something is wrong with the child's speech.

Pathology tests

Self-test your child by asking him to complete the following tasks(not necessarily right away, otherwise the kid will lose interest in the "game" and stop trying, and the result of the check will turn out to be unreliable):

pronounce your last name, first name and patronymic without prompting;
list the names of parents, family members, close friends and other people in the immediate circle of constant communication;
describe any interesting situation or an adventure (wait for a suitable opportunity and choose a moment when something happened to the baby that was supposed to impress him);
to know loved one on group photography either in a photograph where he is depicted in his youth (pattern recognition test);
divide into groups a certain set of edible-inedible items, clothing, dishes, etc.), and upon completing the assignment - justify your choice;
describe the signs of an object (sharp needle, sour apple, sweet strawberry, dark night, cold winter);
name the action performed in the picture or in the proposed situation (the girl is crying, the boy is indulging, the cat is running away);
repeat what you heard word for word;
retell what you have seen or heard (fairy tale, cartoon);
speak loudly at first, then softly.

Evaluate the results. But be condescending to your child!

Important! The presence of errors in the execution of the task does not indicate speech disorders. If the flaws are minor, and the child is able to correct them after being explained to him what the mistake was, there is no cause for concern.

The reason to think about and consult a specialist is the presence of the following signs(not one, but a whole series of the following):

the child's speech is obviously too fast or too slow, so much so that it seems that the child is doing it on purpose;
The "orator" speaks as if he had put some porridge in his mouth, it is impossible to understand him even to close people;
the child communicates in separate words, without putting them into sentences in accordance with the rules of grammar;
the baby does not perceive what he is told (do not confuse with whims and unwillingness to fulfill the requirements);
“Swallowing” of the endings of words is constantly present;
the speech does not show "one's own opinion", it entirely consists of phrases heard somewhere;
the child's mouth is constantly open, even if he is silent, and there is so much saliva that it splashes during a conversation or hangs from his lips at rest.

Causes of speech disorders

There can be many reasons for speech disorders. Some of them are signs of a serious illness, while others simply indicate a lack of attention to the baby. In particular, there are such factors that can affect children's speech:

Hereditary factor (genetic abnormalities).
Intrauterine or generic.
Consequences of the transferred disease.
Unfavorable family environment.

The first group of these reasons includes not only the age at which the baby's parents began to speak, but also very specific congenital defects - malocclusion, stuttering, disorders of the structure of the palate or tongue, pathology in certain areas of the cerebral cortex, problems with.

The second group of reasons is whole line diseases and other harmful factors that a woman could face during and (stress, infectious diseases, acceptance, attempt, trauma, alcohol, intrauterine fetal hypoxia, harmful production, birth asphyxia, etc.).

Problems with speech can also be caused by those who have befallen the baby himself in the first years of his life. This is especially true for infectious diseases, head and palate injuries.
O unfavorable environment we will not talk separately in the family, everything is clear here.

How to identify speech impairment

A child's speech impairments can manifest themselves in different ways. In the age group of interest to us, it is customary to classify them as follows:

phonation(there is no intonation, it is impossible to adjust the volume of speech, etc.);
structural and semantic(general problems with speech up to its complete absence);
phonetic(defects in pronunciation and perception), etc.

Did you know? Mankind has known about speech problems for a long time. As follows from Old Testament, they were even with the prophet Moses. According to legend, the pharaoh wanted to kill little Moses because the baby allowed himself to play with the crown, in which the priests saw a bad omen. On the advice of another priest who interceded for the future prophet, the baby needed to be shown gold and burning coals: if the baby chooses gold, he will die, if the coals remain alive. Moved by the hand of a guardian angel, the child reached for the coal and raised it to his lips. Because of this, the prophet's speech subsequently remained indistinct.

At the first stage, parents, having noticed certain signs of speech disorders in their child of 4 years old, should point out this problem to the pediatrician, the latter, in turn, recognizing the fears as justified, directs the baby to a speech therapist. In most cases, already at this stage, children and their parents receive necessary recommendations and a set of speech therapy exercises for self-study at home.

But sometimes, in order to understand what exactly causes speech problems, the child sometimes needs to be comprehensively examined. For this purpose, a pediatrician and speech therapist can involve narrow specialists, in particular:

neurologist;
otolaryngologist;
psychiatrist;
a psychologist;
audiologist.

To get a complete picture, the baby can undergo a number of laboratory and other procedures, in particular:

magnetic resonance imaging;
encephalogram;
Ultrasound of the brain (echoencephalography).

This will eliminate the pathology of the head.

In addition, doctors will definitely conduct their own testing of the baby, study the motility of the facial muscles, analyze information about the social conditions in which the child grows up.

If, in general, everything is in order with the baby, his treatment will consist only in performing special exercises for the tongue, intended for children 4 years old, taking into account individual characteristics specific little patient.

The structure of speech therapy classes at home

Aimed at eliminating speech defects, it should be carried out methodically, systematically, only in this case one can count on a high result.

The psychological aspect of working with a child

First of all, parents should not forget about the age of the child. Everything must be done so that classes turn into fun game... Also, this time should be used to communicate with the baby, thus you will “kill two birds with one stone” and get a synergistic effect (correctly performed exercises and the attention of the parents together will strengthen each other's action).

Finger gymnastics

It would seem, what is the connection between fingers and tongue? It turns out to be the most direct one. The entire centuries-old experience of speech therapy (and this science is rooted in antiquity) indicates that the development of fine motor skills and speech are in direct proportion. That is why speech therapy classes for children of 4 years old always include exercises for fingers, and when developing a child's speech at home, this block should not be forgotten.

Finger gymnastics for such young children it is carried out not in the form of physical education, but in the form of a game. The child is offered to "make" a hedgehog, a kitty, a flower, a ball or a flag with the handles, to show how a bird drinks water or flaps its wings, etc.

A specific set of finger games will be developed by a speech therapist, the task of parents is to strictly follow them, devoting at least five minutes a day to the game development of fine motor skills.

Articulatory gymnastics with pictures

The next type of exercise is articulatory gymnastics... Its task is to develop and strengthen the muscles of the tongue and lips, so that they become strong, flexible and "obey" their owner well.

The peculiarity of these speech therapy classes for children of 4 years old is that they are held in front of a mirror so that the child can see how his facial muscles work, in what position the tongue is, etc. For the first time, the speech therapist will show the baby's parents how to perform the exercises correctly, in the future this work will be carried out at home on their own.

The regularity of gymnastics is daily. It is better to devote this lesson twice a day for 5-7 minutes than torment the child for a quarter of an hour in a row and then leave it alone until tomorrow. Under the control of the parents, the baby licks his lips with his tongue, as if he has just eaten sweet jam, “cleans” his teeth, not with a brush, but with his tongue, depicts a swing with it, etc.

Development of phonemic hearing

A very important part of the lesson is the development of speech (or phonemic) hearing. Our task is to teach your baby to hear and recognize sounds.

It is a pleasure to do these exercises with children as young as 4 years old. You can come up with a lot of speech therapy games, you can design the attributes necessary for this with your own hands, or you can attract a baby to such a manufacture, then at the same time he will develop fine motor skills, acquire useful skills and expand his horizons.

Invite your child to listen to how certain objects “sound” (paper rustles, wooden spoons knock, glass clinks on glass). Then the baby should recognize the same sounds, but with his eyes closed.
Find videos on the Internet where the voices of various animals or birds sound. Show them to the child and again offer to recognize the "beast" by the voice with closed eyes.
In the same way, find a video or sound recording with various noises - the sea, forest, city street. Let your baby listen to them and ask him to recognize the source of each sound (car, motorcycle, train, wave, etc.).
Blindfold the child and move around the room with a bell, trying not to make noise. The task of the kid is to accurately show with a finger where exactly the ringing is coming from.
Invite your toddler to simulate the sounds that various animals make. Pay the child's attention not only to the appearance, but also to the age of the animal (perhaps the little kitten does not yet know how to say "meow", he only squeaks pitifully and subtly, and cannot do it very loudly, because he is absolutely tiny). For such a speech development lesson, it is good to use special speech therapy pictures or toys in the form of animals - it will be much easier and more interesting for a child at 4 years old.

One of the exercises for the development of phonemic hearing is the so-called speech therapy rhythm... Come up with an interesting song, the performance of which is accompanied by certain movements (remember or revise the film "Bald Nanny" with Vin Diesel, there is a very vivid example of such a logo rhythm).

Imagine, do not limit yourself to the exercises that the speech therapist has invented for your child, and then your child will perceive the classes as interesting game and look forward to her!

Development of speech

Speech, like muscles, needs to be developed. The child's vocabulary should be constantly replenished, but how can this be done if the child performs the same routine activities all day? Try to fill the life of your crumbs with new impressions, and then his speech will enrich by itself, without additional efforts on your part.

Invite your child to compose an interesting and exciting story on the topic: how I spent the summer (of course, this will only work if the child really has something to remember). Such speech therapy problems for children 4 years old are much more interesting and, importantly, more effective than methodical exercises in front of a mirror.
Learn poetry and tongue twisters with your child, read fairy tales to him, tell fascinating stories and just communicate. Do not forget that at this age, the baby's vocabulary is divided into two parts: the words that the baby uses during speech, and the words that he does not repeat yet, but already understands. Try to use as many new words as possible in your stories and do not be lazy to explain their meaning. By developing your toddler’s passive vocabulary, you will expand the active vocabulary, albeit more slowly.

Exercises for setting the sound "r"

For children 4 years old who do not pronounce individual letters, special exercises are used. For example, at this age, kids very often do not cope, simply skipping it or replacing it with "l", also difficulties arise with hissing "w", "u". Speech therapy rhymes help to cope with this very well. There are a huge variety of them, they are classified according to specific problematic sounds, the most successful ones can be chosen according to your taste on the Web, without even resorting to the help of a speech therapist.

Important! The problem with the sound "p" often has a physiological nature (insufficient development of the so-called "bridle", in connection with which the tongue does not reach the palate, and the baby objectively cannot "growl"). It is for this reason that children who do not pronounce "p" are usually advised to show them to a specialist. For self-control, listen, perhaps your baby "swallows" the letter "r" not always, but only in separate sounds, then, most likely, you just need to practice the skill.

There are many developed exercises for "p". Here are a few of them:

The child should open his mouth and press his tongue against the base of the upper teeth. In this position, you need to pronounce the sound "d" several times in a row. Further, the task becomes more complicated. All the same is accompanied by the exhalation of air directed to the tip of the tongue. The point is for the baby to remember the vibration that occurs during the exercise. It is she who is present when pronouncing the sound "r".
We pronounce "g" with our mouth wide open, gradually raising our tongue to upper teeth... At this time, the adult gently places a special spatula under the child's tongue and makes them move to the sides to create vibration. The child's task is to blow on the tongue.
The kid pulls his tongue back and says "for", and the adult inserts a spatula under the tongue in the same way as in the previous exercise. If you perform the technique correctly, it will sound exactly "p", and the child must remember this feeling.

Exercises for setting sibilants

Of all the sibilants, it is easiest to "come to terms" with the sound "sh", with which the production usually begins. The kid is invited to say "sa", slowly raising his tongue to the base of the upper teeth until a hiss is heard. Now, as the air blows out of the lungs, the child adds an "a" to say "sha." An adult should help transform "sa" into "sha" using the same spatula. We memorize the sensations and hone the skill.

"Щ" also start with a simple "c". A spatula is involved in the setting, with the help of which an adult places the tongue in the correct position.

To set "h" we pronounce "t" with an exhalation, and an adult pushes the tongue back with a spatula.

Do not forget about the mirror, and also do not get tired of showing the child correct technique pronunciation.

Your baby really wants to cope with the task at hand, so you can be proud of him! And also children are natural imitators. Therefore, if a four-year-old child has speech disorders, but at the same time no other pathologies have been identified, the problem will be solved very quickly if you are patient and give your child a little attention and love.

Every loving mother wants her baby to be able to pronounce sounds correctly and speak coherently as soon as possible. For the formation of a child's speech, it is very important to constantly conduct conversations with him and pronounce words without distortion. However, this is not enough for the development of the child's articulatory apparatus.

With language gymnastics, parents will help the baby quickly learn to pronounce sounds and words correctly. Regular and short-term activities will give your child an edge over their peers, and give adults another reason for joy and pride.

Speech therapy allows you to:

get rid of the lethargy of speech (the so-called "porridge in the mouth");
improve the blood supply to the tongue;
develop the baby's vocal apparatus not by months, but by days;
identify physiological disorders at an early stage;
rid the child of peer ridicule due to speech defects.

Gymnastics of the language can achieve the correct pronunciation of both individual sounds and their groups. To start the sessions, it is not at all necessary to demand from the child an uncharacteristic perseverance and to take him to a specialist by force. Even a couple of minutes of correct "antics" a day can bear fruit. While changing clothes, snort, click and fold your lips with a tube with your baby. On the one hand, he will have fun doing routine things. On the other hand, such innocent pranks will help develop his vocal apparatus.

Basic rules of language gymnastics

Like any set of exercises, speech gymnastics brings results only if it is correct and regular.

For the development of the articulatory ability of children, the following rules should be followed:

Classes should last no more than 10 minutes, as the baby gets tired quickly. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time, so parents need to be patient and undemanding.
Let your child follow the position of the tongue with a mirror.
Turn classes into another fun playful activity. Do not emphasize the importance of verbal gymnastics, do not tire the child with boring explanations and do not force him to hold his tongue in one position for more than 10 seconds.
Choose a calm pace to practice. You should not rush the baby, but at the same time, do not let the child be lazy.
Watch the accuracy of the gymnastics for the tongue so that the classes do not turn into meaningless antics in front of the mirror.

If charging for the development of the speech apparatus is given to the baby with great effort, then do not be zealous, but contact a speech therapist.

Types of articulatory gymnastics

From an early age, parents should pay attention to the development of the child's speech, namely, the performance of articulatory gymnastics. Speech therapy training is static and dynamic. The first group of classes assumes that the tongue "freezes" in one position. When performing dynamic exercises, all organs of the speech apparatus are involved. Only regular and correct repetition of articulatory exercises for children will have an effect.

Static exercises:

"Chick" - a child opens his mouth wide, like a nestling, to which his mother will put a treat there. The tongue is in a relaxed position in the mouth.
"Scapula" - the baby opens his mouth wide and puts his tongue on his lower lip in a relaxed state. It is important to ensure that there is no tension in the child's actions during this exercise.
"Cup" - the baby opens his mouth wide and raises the lateral edges of the tongue so that they do not touch the teeth.
"Tube" - the child closes his lips and pulls them out in front of him as much as possible.
"Mushroom" - a small student puts his tongue to the sky and opens his mouth as wide as possible.
"Gorka" - the baby opens his mouth wide. The tip of the tongue should rest against the lower incisors.

When performing static exercises, it is important not only to fix the organ of the speech apparatus in the correct position. The occupied position must be held for 5-10 seconds. Performing dynamic exercises is accompanied by counting. An adult should make sure that the baby changes the position of the tongue and other speech organs in time and copes with the tasks without difficulty.

"Watch" - the child opens his mouth and demonstrates his smile, and then makes the tongue narrow and tries to reach with its tip to the corner of the mouth.
"Swing" - the baby opens his mouth and stretches his tongue to the chin and nose.
"Candy" - the child closes his lips and alternately buries his tongue on the left and right cheeks. From the outside, it should look like he is hiding a lollipop. Be sure to show your child the correct tongue position.
"Horse" - the baby leans his tongue to the sky, loudly and distinctly clinking.
"Painter" - the child opens his mouth wide and with a wide tip of the tongue, as if with a brush, leads from left to right from the upper incisors to the soft palate.

These simple exercises adults can perform with their crumbs anywhere, even without the help of a speech therapist. But if some task causes difficulties for the kid, then you should not refuse to consult a specialist.

Articulation exercises will be interesting both for children who have just turned 2 years old, for kindergarteners for 4 years old, and for preschoolers at 5.

Gymnastics of the language: interesting and fun

Parents should turn speech training into addicting game... Feel free to exercise creativity... For example, promise to treat your toddler to a lollipop if he shows you how to hide it behind your cheek. Spread the nose of the crumbs with chocolate or jam and ask him to lick the treat with his tongue. Promise to play with your child a favorite game after the "antics".

Help your baby to position the tongue with a spatula. When the task is completed for the first time, tension is possible, but after several repetitions, the child's actions will be meaningful and light. Remember to do both static and dynamic exercises. They give the desired effect only in combination.

If, after regularly completing assignments, you still notice weaknesses in the child's speech, then consult a speech therapist.

Complex of articulatory gymnastics for cheeks and lips

For the development of speech, it is necessary not only to train the language. To increase letter coverage, it is important to pay extra attention to the lips and cheeks. Basic exercises for articulatory gymnastics:

The kid bites, pats and rubs his cheeks as if they had just been patted by frost.
"Well-fed hamster." The child puffs out his cheeks, and then blows air out of them. When doing this exercise will not cause too much trouble, it should be made more difficult. Ask your baby to puff out his cheeks one at a time.
"Shrimp". Offer the baby to pull in her cheeks with an effort. Be sure to demonstrate with an example.
"The deflated ball". The kid puffs out his cheeks, and then gently slaps his palms on them to release the air with a noise.

For the development of the articulatory apparatus, parents need to constantly deal with the child. With the above exercises, you can take the baby's attention when you stand in line for a therapist, go to public transport or go home with preschool... While walking, ask your child to repeat the sounds he hears: a song on a bell, the sound of a passing motorcycle, a dog barking, and so on. If short-term speech therapy gymnastics performed regularly, your treasure will learn coherent and meaningful speech faster. Show all exercises on my own example and do not scold the child at the moment of failure, so as not to discourage him from following your instructions. If you start to study with a two-year-old kid, then by the age of 4 he will be able to clearly and clearly tell all the poems at matinees.

The ability to speak is a magnificent skill bestowed on man. In order for the baby to clearly pronounce the words, you need to make efforts and not spare time to develop competent speech. The support and attention of parents is something without which harmonious personal development is simply impossible. Patient guidance and regular repetition of exercises to train the language and the entire articulatory apparatus will allow the baby to please the parents with their success.

From an early age, a baby with the help of an adult can perform tasks for training speech. At the same time, it is very important to observe the "golden mean": to take exercises seriously, but, at the same time, not to demand the impossible from the crumbs.

The first sounds and words of the little man are quite funny and make adults smile. However, no one will smile if they hear inverted words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is important element our life. The ability to correctly and competently express their thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate the answers to the questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all the sounds are what not only children, but also adults need to strive for.

Speech therapy classes for children at home are constant communication with the child in game form... Once you have a child's interest, you can engage with him by playing speech-development games such as

finger games (games for the development of fine motor skills)
articulatory gymnastics
games for the development of hearing, games for sound and logo rhythm (poems with movements)
poems for the development of speech and replenishment vocabulary

The most difficult thing is to get the child interested. And this is a very serious task. After all, it is not so easy to seat a little fidget. In general, it is not necessary to sit down, you can deal with the child when he plays in his hut or jumps on the sofa. Classes should be played in a playful way. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without hysterics and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting classes with children at home:

classes should be initially short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes one time.
the child should like the classes. Do not force or insist, so you can completely discourage the child from hunting for something.
it is better to practice more often, but little by little. By doing the same exercise often, the child develops a skill.
use laughter during class. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child is unable to do something. Better, together with your child, find out why he has such a naughty tongue and how to fix it. Better to be an ally and friend to the child than a strict teacher. How to praise a child correctly.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. A close relationship has been established between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using finger gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, fosters quick reaction and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to do it every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulatory gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the organs of speech. The language must be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. The lips and tongue must be flexible and strong.

To perform articulatory gymnastics, you need a mirror. The child should see how his tongue works, where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automatism, you need to constantly exercise. It is important to do the exercises correctly, carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to complete tasks that are aimed at developing voice, breathing and speech hearing.

Sound generating games, hearing development and logo rhythmics

Speech or phonemic hearing Is the ability to hear, recognize and distinguish sounds correctly.

Hearing games

1. "Ears - hearing"

Target: consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

Speech therapist shows wooden, metal spoons, crystal glasses. Children call these items. The teacher invites you to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, it reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. "Who said" Meow? "

Target: improve the ability to distinguish by ear the voices of pets.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with sounds of voices of pets.

3. "Who is standing at the traffic light?"

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name modes of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noises.

Speech therapist includes audio recording with street sounds. Children listen to sounds and name a vehicle that stops at a traffic light (car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. "Where is the ringing?"

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with closed eyes.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell silently moves around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game "Thunderstorm"

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in dynamics and tempo of sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

Dripped drops (knock on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (softly tapping with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (loudly knocking with four fingers).
The hail has gone (knocking with the bones of the fingers, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder (banging your fists on the table).
The lightning flashes (we draw a lightning bolt in the air with our fingers, we make a sound w).
Everybody quickly runs home (clap your hands, hide your hands behind your back).
The sun shines brightly in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction of the sounds, words, phrases pronounced by the speaker following the speaker.

Use figures or pictures of animals to play. Moms and their cubs. After all, the frog mom is screaming KVA, and the frog is Kwa. Remember the tale of the three bears, the daddy bear growls loudly, the mommy bear is quieter, and the bear cub squeaks.

Household noise imitation games:

The clock is ticking - TIK-TAK
Dripping water - CAP-CAP
Kid stomping - TOP-TOP
Hammer knocks TUK-TUK
Scissors cut CHIK-CHIK
We swing on a swing KACH-KACH
We eat carrots CRUM-CRUM
The car is going BI-BI

Speech therapy rhythm or logo rhythm- a combination of movement, speech and music. An adult reads a verse and shows movements, a child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children are fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary rhymes in advance and learn the movements to them. You also need to pick up in advance musical accompaniment under the verses. It is advisable to practice in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Walk game (development of general motor skills)
Along the narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising his legs high)
By the pebbles, by the pebbles (shift from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole ... boo! (sit on the floor on the last word)

Poems for the development of speech - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhymed phrases. Tongue twisters are the best exercise to work out the clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase the child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

For a child to be able to speak competently, to be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
active vocabulary (those words that the child speaks)

Initially, the child's active vocabulary is small, but over time, the words that were in the passive vocabulary the child will transfer to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

For lessons with my child, I use various manuals, one of the latest successful acquisitions is the "Big Album for the Development of Speech" and "Lessons from a Speech Therapist. Games for the development of speech ".

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This book consists of 3 sections, for each section are given detailed instructions how to do

finger gymnastics
- 1 group. Hand exercises (pp. 8-29)
- Group 2. Conditionally static finger exercises (pp. 30-47)
- Group 3. Dynamic finger exercises (pp. 48-57)
articulatory gymnastics. Presented with the help of fairy tales with verses, additional cards are available plus images are available correct result exercises. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing, auditory attention.
Tongue Twisters. They are grouped according to "difficult" sounds to help your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here... If you have questions about the book, ask.

There are 3 blocks in this book, each for a specific age:

Developing the baby's speech (pp. 6-89)
- development of understanding of speech
- development of general motor skills
- breathing exercises
- finger games
- articulatory gymnastics
- onomatopoeia
We develop the speech of a younger preschooler (pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
We develop the speech of the older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, developing logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book (on Ozone appeared), however there is a separate books for toddlers children from 3 to 6 years old and older preschoolers... Which is also very handy if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was 3 years old. But I was not worried, my daughter is growing up, and we will study with her in the first block.

Work with your child only in a good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help to overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and dearer. Patience and good luck!

How do you work with your child? What do you use for this? Do you like the child to study? Please share in the comments your methods of developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

How to teach a child to say what to do and what not.