Ways to start a fire without matches. We make fire using dry grass. We use chemical methods

There are many ways to make fire without matches or a lighter. Some of these methods are very labor-intensive and difficult to implement, but there are also those with which starting a fire will be a little more difficult than using the same box of matches.

In particular, in addition to matches, there are other special means For . For example, you can light a fire without matches or a lighter using a flint or a fire piston. However, with these funds at hand, one cannot talk about emergency situation, since starting a fire with them is no more difficult than with matches. Therefore, next we will consider non-standard methods when even these tools were not available.

Starting a fire using a lens is the easiest and fastest alternative to matches and a lighter.

These methods include lighting a fire without matches:

Kresal and flint;
Empty silicon lighter without gas;
Lens;
Concave mirror;
Friction of wood on wood;
By friction of tinder fungus on wood;
Friction of wire on wood;
Using a nail and hammer;
Rolling cotton wool;
Electricity;
Using chemical reagents;
Shot from a gun.

Some of these methods of making fire were used thousands of years ago, when ancient people did not yet have special equipment. Let's look at all these methods of making fire in more detail.

Starting a fire with firewood and flint

IN this method The tinder is ignited by a spark struck by a sharp high-carbon steel flint (kresal). So, when a sharp edge of flint or other durable stone collides with a smooth steel surface, small particles are scraped off from the steel and, heated by the impact, ignite in air, forming sparks.

Kresal and flint can be found almost everywhere, even in the wild.

In the wild, finding flint or other durable stone is usually not a problem. Many people use cutlasses, knives and other steel tools as cutting tools.

This method requires first-class tinder, capable of igniting at the slightest spark. Pharmaceutical cotton wool, paper and many other options suitable for other methods will not work here, because a spark cut from steel is much colder than sparks cut, for example, from modern flints.

I know of five ways to prepare first-class tinder suitable for this method:

The first tinder is made from two tinder fungi. The tinder fungus is torn from the birch, the tubular part is cut off, and the “velvet” is left. Chaga (a type of tinder fungus that grows on birch) is found and its brown part is ground into dust. The “velvet” is rubbed with chaga dust - the tinder is ready. Such tinder is quickly prepared, but does not immediately catch a spark.
The second tinder is made from the tinder fungus by boiling it down. To do this, the “velvet” is cut off from the tinder fungus and placed in an ash solution (1 part ash from the fire, 2 parts water). The tinder is boiled in the ash for 2 hours, after which it is removed and beaten with a smooth stick until it becomes a rag. After this, the tinder is thoroughly dried and kneaded. To ignite such tinder, part of it is torn off and a spark is struck on the fibrous surface from the side of the break. This option can be used in cases where it is necessary to save on other means of ignition: having once spent one match on preparing tinder over a fire, you can save a full box in the long run.
The third tinder is made from birch. For this purpose, there is a birch tree lying on the ground: it is these trunks that rot faster with the formation of the so-called rotten wood (rotten wood). The rot is removed and, if necessary, dried in the sun. Such rotten wood, although not easy, catches a spark and begins to smolder. The method is convenient because preparing this tinder requires almost no time and effort, as well as preliminary lighting of the fire.
The fourth tinder can be obtained by burning cotton fabric without access to oxygen. This is the so-called zhzhenka. The fabric is rolled up and tucked into, for example, tin can. The jar is closed and placed in the fire. When smoke and flames stop appearing from the cracks of the jar, the jar along with the tinder is removed from the fire and left to cool in the air. The resulting tinder catches a spark very easily, but to prepare it you need a cloth and a fire made in a different way, as is the case with boiling down tinder.
The fifth tinder represents the recently extinguished coals of a fire. Only those that still have a layer of white ash on them are suitable. Having caught a spark, such a coal begins to smolder, a second coal is brought to it and the fire is fanned, from which the kindling is ignited. Such coals easily catch a spark, but require preliminary preparation. However, like the other options, this one is quite suitable for saving other ignition products.

Any of these tinder should be kept away from moisture. It is ideal to place it in an airtight container, such as a plastic vitamin jar or PET bottle with a wide neck for easy removal.

The tinder fungus, or tinder fungus, actually got its name because good tinder has long been made from it.

Now that you have suitable tinder available, you can start starting a fire with flint and wood. For this:

By striking flint against flint, a sharp chip is made on one of the stones. A sharp edge will allow you to create more sparks and increase the chances of quick success.
The chipped flint with tinder is clamped in one hand, the chair is taken in the other. The tinder is placed on top of the chip (this is where sparks will fly) and pressed with your thumb.
By striking the flint with a hammer, sparks are struck, which should ignite the tinder. If a charred log is lit, then the chair rests against it, and sparks are struck by striking the flint from top to bottom.
The tinder that catches the spark is placed in the kindling and fanned until a fire appears.

In the acclaimed 2016 film The Revenant, based on true events, main character, played by Leonardo DiCaprio, puts the tinder under the flint instead of using the correct option with tinder on top of the flint. In this way, of course, you can try to set fire to the tinder, but why complicate your life, which is already not sugar?

This method is quite whimsical, as it requires specially prepared tinder, which should be protected from moisture. However, if such tinder is still available, then starting a fire using this method will be easy and quick: it is not for nothing that in the old days, when matches and lighters had not yet appeared, it replaced other more complex methods and became the main method for making fire.

Starting a fire with a silicon lighter without gas

This method is similar in principle to the method of starting a fire with a modern flint: a spark ignites the prepared flammable powder, scraped onto tinder from the mischmetal that is part of the lighter. The ignited powder ignites the tinder.

It is clear that this method requires a silicon lighter.

If you have the tinder described in the previous method, or cotton wool (usually found in a tourist first aid kit), or fluff from old cattail growing along freshwater bodies, then a spark from a lighter will be enough to ignite them. But we will consider two options when such flammable tinder is not available.

In the first method, toilet paper will be used as tinder. On hikes, we use it both for its intended purpose and for wiping dishes when it is necessary to save water and there is no suitable grass nearby. It is also good as kindling, especially if you moisten it with oil (even hygienic lipstick can help) or other flammable liquid or wrap a piece of paraffin from a candle in it.

So, to start a fire, the first way is to do the following:

Remove the protective cover from the lighter.
Toilet paper folds several times and tears. All pieces are stacked with the torn part to one side.
The resulting stack is pressed against the lighter in a place where sparks fly out when the wheel rotates. The torn loose parts should be directed towards the sparks.
Rolling the palm of the hand on the lighter wheel onto the stack toilet paper sparks are struck. The striking of sparks is repeated until the paper begins to smolder.
The paper inflates until a fire appears.

For this method you need good dry toilet paper (preferably soft and loose, not thick like Whatman paper). I can say that not all toilet paper is equally suitable for igniting in this way: paper that has been in a trouser pocket and has become damp does not ignite well.

Even without fuel, a silicon lighter produces enough sparks to ignite dry tinder.

Many people recommend putting kindling in your pocket to dry, but from my own experience I was convinced that paper lying in my pants pocket does not dry out, but gets moistened. This most likely occurs due to sweating and high humidity air between the body and clothing.

The second method is less capricious and can ignite not only toilet paper, but also ordinary paper, for example, torn from a notebook. It is more universal: for example, I was able to get the tinder fungus (its tubular part) torn from a tree to start smoldering using this method without any problems. It’s not hard to guess that in the wild, the same birch bark (its upper, thinnest part) can be used instead of paper.

So, to implement the second method, you must follow the following instructions:

The lid is removed from the lighter.
The center of the paper sheet is loosened by rubbing or any other method suitable for these purposes and bent so that a funnel is formed in the center of the sheet. If you don't do this, you can still get a fire, but you will need more powder scraped off the mischmetal of the lighter stem.
The lighter is initially positioned horizontally above the paper so that sparks cannot ignite the paper.
The lighter wheel is slowly turned until the required amount of powder scraped from the lighter rod is collected on the paper. When rotating the wheel, you should try to avoid sparks.
The powder collects in the center of the paper, in the place where it is loosened.
Rotating the wheel produces a spark on the powder from the lighter - the flash ignites the paper.

This method is good if you have an empty lighter. But, as my experience has shown, if the lighter is used until there is no gas left in it, it will be of little use: already at the stage of scraping off mischmetal shavings, the rod can fly out and get lost, depriving a person of the opportunity to complete the job.

On the other hand, although such a lighter allows you to create a fire even without gas, I would still dare to recommend carrying a piezo lighter with you: it is more convenient to use, especially when you have to use it in the cold with frozen hands.

Attention!

In cold weather, many cheap lighters work very poorly due to cooling and a decrease in the gas pressure inside them. Therefore, it is recommended to carry them in your inner pocket and take them out immediately before use. It is also useful to have at least two lighters and a match or flint in case one of them breaks.

If your finances allow you to spend money on something more “powerful,” then it’s better to buy a turbo lighter: it won’t go out in the wind, and it’s easier to light a fire with it, although it also runs out of fuel faster.

Starting a fire with a sun lens

This method is based on the properties of a lens to concentrate all the sun's rays passing through its surface at one point. This is where the temperature will be sufficient to ignite the tinder.

During a hike, the lens can be removed from glasses, a camera, binoculars and other devices that may contain it. Sometimes on a hike they take a small magnifying glass to look at the map. Magnifying glass Available on some tablet compass models.

If ready-made options was not found, the lens can be made from improvised means, for example, carved out of ice, made from the bottoms found along the road among other garbage of glass bottles (carry with you glass containers It is not recommended for hiking due to its fragility). A condom or PET bottle filled with water also works well as a lens for starting a fire.

Video: Starting a fire with a condom

These and other methods of starting a fire using the sun were discussed in more detail in a separate article, so now we will focus on an option that can be used in a city or village, namely creating a lens from an electric light bulb.

To do this, you will need an incandescent lamp, which can be found either at home or in the entrance, or among the garbage.

The larger the lamp, the better. The shape of the lamp should be round.

A hard object breaks the ceramic insulator. It is more convenient to do this with a nail.
The inner part is carefully knocked out through the resulting hole.
All “insides” are removed from the flask.
It is poured into the flask pure water- the lens is ready.

Such a lens, compared to many others made from improvised means, is very effective means for starting a fire.

The method of starting a fire from a lens and the sun is simple and effective, especially when a ready-made lens is available. I use it myself and recommend it to others as the main method for starting a fire in sunny weather, which saves matches and fuel in lighters.

There is an opinion that this method is good only in the warm season, however, as practice has shown, it can be used to start a fire even in winter time year at sub-zero temperatures, but clear weather. The main thing is that there is sun.

This method has one drawback - it is impossible to start a fire in cloudy weather and at night.

Starting a fire with a concave mirror

This method is based on the same principle as the previous one, only in this case the sun’s rays are collected into a beam not by curved glass, but by a concave mirror, and the kindling is located between the mirror and the sun.

On a hike, you can get some semblance of a concave mirror by removing the reflector from a flashlight or car headlight. It’s also a good idea to light a fire with a gas cylinder, or rather with its concave shiny bottom (such cylinders are taken on camping trips for cooking on gas and multi-fuel burners).

In urban environments, you can buy a concave mirror in a store that sells all sorts of small things.

For example, for these purposes I used a mirror taken from an old microscope: despite its small size, it did an excellent job of starting a fire from the sun.

Interesting and very an unusual option is to start a fire using a tablespoon. Of course, in order to simplify the task of starting a fire in the future, the scoop of this very spoon must be deformed to the shape of a concave mirror. However, even without deformation, such a spoon on a hot summer day is capable of igniting sensitive tinder, for example, a burner.

I have repeatedly come across recommendations for making a concave mirror for these purposes from beer tin can. It was suggested to polish the bottom of the jar with a piece of chocolate. After Les Stroud (Canadian host of the Science of Survival television program) demonstrated this method in his video, I decided to try this method. But, as expected, nothing good came of this idea: the bottom of the jar, instead of becoming mirror-like, became matte. Rubbing the bottom of the jar with ashes from the fire and toothpaste also did not add shine. The method actually suitable for polishing turned out to be simple, but tedious: it turned out that the bottom of the jar could be polished with a piece of cloth.

Compared to the method of producing fire with a lens, this method is less convenient, since you have to hold the tinder in a canopy between the sun and the mirror, which is not always convenient. In addition, the tinder itself, in most cases, with its shadow partially obscures the sun's rays hitting the mirror, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the method. In general, this method has the same advantages and disadvantages as the method of making fire using a lens.

Starting a fire by rubbing wood on wood

The principle of starting a fire in this way is based on the fact that when friction occurs, the wood heats up, and the dust formed as a result of friction begins to smolder. This smoldering dust is carried into the kindling, igniting it.

These methods are very difficult to implement and labor-intensive. Without prior training, it will be difficult to light a fire in this way, especially in our latitudes. In addition, the method is sensitive to wood: not every tree heats up well by friction and, if you make a mistake in choosing it, the chances of success are sharply reduced.

However, I personally consider this method to be basic, that is, one that will allow you to light a fire without anything at all, when a person in the wild has no equipment at all, and besides trees there are no more stones or metal in the area. Therefore, it makes sense to spend time and effort on mastering it, especially since fire on a hike or in survival conditions is one of the main things for a comfortable and safe stay in the wild natural environment.

Starting a fire by rubbing tinder fungus on wood

The principle of this method is similar to the previous one, only in this case friction occurs between the wood and the tinder fungus, namely chaga.

For reference: chaga is a type of tinder fungus, also called birch fungus. As the name implies, this mushroom grows on birch trees. Chaga is used not only for starting a fire, but also for making tea, kvass, and also for medicinal purposes.

To start a fire this way, you need to follow these steps:

In the upper part of a dry tree trunk, two sides are cut out longitudinally with an ax, located at right angles to each other. Top part the cross-section of the trunk resembles a gable hut.
Chaga is cut into two parts.
One part of the chaga is pressed with a cut with both hands to the tip formed by the edges and begins to move. These movements should be reciprocating in nature, directed along the trunk, and performed before the chaga begins to smolder.
The smoldering chaga is transferred to the kindling and fanned until fire appears.

This method is somewhat similar to the fire plow method; it requires considerable effort and time to implement. In addition, this method requires an ax or other tool that allows you to fell and process wood.

The disadvantages of this method also include chaga itself, which does not grow in all regions. In any case, I have never found it in the south of Ukraine, including due to the small number of birches growing in this region.

However, in a birch grove, of all the methods of friction, this is perhaps the most effective, since using birch for the same method of making fire using an “Indian fiddle” is not best idea due to the hardness of birch wood.

Starting a fire by rubbing wire on wood

In this method, the tinder is ignited by a wire heated by friction against wood.

The tourist usually has wire in his repair kit: here it is in case of equipment breakdown, which can be repaired with its help. In addition, wire can be used instead of rope to fasten elements together when building a shelter or raft. You can make traps from wire, in particular snares, and much more.

Some types of traps, such as snares and tops, may be illegal in some areas. Therefore, before catching certain representatives of the fauna, you should always ask what local legislation says about this. So, in one region the use of a particular gear may be permitted, while in another it is prohibited by law. It is clear that in a survival situation no one will pay attention to these things, but for a peaceful tourist who wants to practice survival skills in the wild, they should still be taken into account in order to avoid a fine and damage to nature.

The wire for this method should not be thinner than 2 mm thick, so as not to break prematurely as a result of heating.

When camping, wire is generally very useful - it is used to hang dishes over a fire, various devices are made from it, and it can also be used to start a fire.

To start a fire this way, you must do the following:

Take a piece of wire at least 80 cm long. A smaller piece will be inconvenient to work with.
Two small sticks are screwed to the ends of the wire as handles.
A thin dry log is taken, at one end of which a small area (about 20–30 cm) is cut down on one side.
The log is placed on a dry area and, to prevent rolling from side to side, is fixed in any convenient way.
The wire is passed under the hewn area and the “sawing” process begins. The same way work when they cut wood with a chain saw.
After the wire has rubbed against the wood a little and a small groove has formed, tinder is placed on the hewn area so that it touches the wire tightly. As tinder, you can take an old dry cattail stalk with fluff. If one is not available, another tinder is wound on the stick.
The tinder stick is pressed with the foot against a hewn area on the log.
The handles of the “saw” are crossed once so that the wire forms the number “8” with the top ring torn.
Sawing begins, leading to heating of the wire and igniting the tinder from it. The smoldering tinder is moved into the kindling and inflated until it ignites.

Like other methods of starting a fire by friction, this method is labor-intensive, but if you have wire and suitable tinder it can be implemented in as soon as possible and does not depend on the type of wood. And taking into account the fact that many people take wire with them on a hike (and sometimes it can be found among the garbage that comes across along the way), this method can be recommended not only in urban areas, but also in the wild.

Starting a fire with a nail and hammer

This method is based on the ability of the metal to heat up during sudden deformation and, transferring heat to the tinder, setting it on fire.

For this method you will need nails 10 or 20 cm long, a hammer, an anvil and, for example, paper as tinder. Smokers can try to light a cigarette in this way, which can also be used to light kindling.

For obvious reasons, this method is urban: it’s unlikely that anyone would think of putting a hammer and an anvil in their backpack, but in the wild you can also get away with it by finding a replacement for them. For example, instead of a nail, you can take another metal object; instead of a hammer and an anvil, you can take two stones. But in this case, it will be much more difficult to get fire.

So, to light a fire this way, you must follow the following instructions:

The newspaper is rolled up into a tube and pressed down with some object to prevent it from unwinding. To do this, you can put the same anvil on the newspaper or step on the newspaper with your foot.
A nail is placed on the anvil and a series of blows are applied to it with a hammer.
The heated nail is pressed against the newspaper until it begins to smolder.
If smoldering does not begin within a few seconds, the newspaper is removed and a few more blows are applied to the nail. If the newspaper begins to smolder, it is fanned until a fire appears.

As I said earlier, this method is suitable at home. I would not recommend trying your luck in the wild, trying to light a fire in this way, wasting precious energy and time. However, if fire is still vital, and other methods cannot be implemented for some reason, it can also be used. As they say, in the absence of fish...

Starting a fire by rolling cotton wool with or without chalk, ash

In this method, a smoldering ember appears inside a cotton roll, which is vigorously rolled out onto a flat floor with a board. Untreated cotton wool is suitable for this method, which can be extracted, for example, from old mattresses and children's toys. The principle here is that when cotton wool is rolled, its fibers rub against each other as the temperature increases. With due diligence, the cotton wool becomes so hot that it catches fire.

Instead of cotton wool, you can use cattail fluff or fibers taken from the stems of dried nettles.

Making fire occurs according to the following scheme:

A piece of cotton wool is spread out into a rectangular plate and rolled into a tight roll. To obtain a denser roller, at the final stage you can wet your hands with water (or spit) and roll the roller between your palms. Most often, chalk is used to fasten the roller (in an old village house it is applied to the walls, which makes them dirty if you lean against them) or ash (you can take it from the oven), crushing the cotton wool on both sides before rolling it.
Then the roller is turned over and a little more cotton wool is also tightly wound on top of it in the opposite direction. This is necessary so that the inner roller does not unwind when rolling it on the floor with a board. This step can be skipped if chalk or ash is used.
The roller is placed on a flat floor or board, pressed on top of another board and rolled for even greater density. The denser the roller, the greater the chance of starting a fire.
The roller pressed by the board begins to intensively roll out across the floor in one direction and the other. The pressure on him should not be excessive. As a result of such rolling, the inner layers of cotton wool heat up and begin to smolder.
The smoldering cotton wool is inflated and transferred to the kindling, which ignites as a result of these actions.

This method can only be implemented in a populated area or, for example, in a forest house where you can find even, smooth boards. In addition, this method requires a special tinder from which you can roll the roller.

And yet, despite its shortcomings, this method has a right to exist and can be used in situations where more simple ways will be unavailable. In particular, it can be implemented in an abandoned settlement or in old hut In the woods.

Starting a fire with electric current

Fire using electric current occurs through one of two mechanisms. In one case, due to high resistance, the conductor heats up and ignites the tinder; in the other, a spark when the contacts close ignites the tinder.

For this method you will need a source of electric current. When hiking, the current source is usually a battery taken from a flashlight, or a battery from a cell phone or navigator.

The battery poles are closed with a conductor, for example, foil (you can take it from chocolate - one of the recommended products for hiking in the cold season) or steel wool (it is used to wash pots of soot and food debris), which light up when an electric current passes through them.

IN Lately Metal dish scourers are mass-produced and sold, which look like steel wool, but cannot be used to create fire. An experiment I conducted showed that such washcloths not only do not catch fire when in contact with a battery, but also do not produce a spark. In addition, an attempt to close the battery contacts with a thread removed from such a washcloth ended in failure: the battery did not even heat up (heating occurs during a short circuit, for example, when the battery is short-circuited with foil), which indicates the possible electrical insulating abilities of the material from which these washcloths are made. The experiment with foil carried out after gave positive result: This suggests that the problem was not with the battery.

We have already talked in detail about ways to start a fire using a battery or accumulator in

There is an opinion that steel wool can be set on fire using a lemon if you stick a series of steel and copper nails into it, connected to each other in a certain sequence with wires. But the sequence of connecting nails inside one lemon, which is suggested in most videos, does not make any sense, since it does not increase either the current or the voltage. And, it seems to me, the current arising from the “fruit battery” (and according to various sources this is 0.2-0.9 V) will not be enough to bring this idea to life, unless there are a dozen or two of these lemons.

On the other hand, this method can still be implemented even in conditions wildlife mid-latitude, where lemons don't grow. So, instead of a dozen lemons, you can take almost any fruit or vegetable that is found in our area (for example, wild apples), since they also contain the electrolyte necessary to generate electricity. The only thing left to do is to get copper and zinc elements, which will be used as electrodes.

There is, however, a fundamental point: if a person in the wild can get apples, and especially lemons, then he has no urgent need for fire. These fruits ripen in the warm season and can serve as food without fire. So the method of making fire with their help should be classified, rather, as hypothetically possible, rather than practically of little use.

You can learn more about the main methods of starting a fire using a battery or accumulator on the website in a separate article. Here we will consider an option implemented in a populated area using a 220 V outlet.

Attention!

Exposure to fire from high voltage current can be life-threatening and may result in electric shock and fire caused by a short circuit.

Let's look at two ways to start a fire using high voltage electric current.

For the first method:

From any electrical appliance(preferably damaged) the plug with a piece of wire is cut off. You can take a piece of ordinary insulated wire without a plug, but then you will have to make it yourself and using such a wire will not be so convenient.
The wire at the end is divided into two contacts and stripped of insulation. This creates two forks on both sides.
A piece of foil or steel wool is used as tinder. For the same purposes, a piece of paper on which a square is drawn and painted in the center with a simple pencil is suitable: the graphite layer on the paper has electrical conductivity and high resistance, so such paper can be effectively used to start a fire using this method.
The plug is plugged into the socket.
Contact exposed wires with foil, steel wool or graphite-painted paper causes them to catch fire.

For the second method:

Take a cigarette. Instead of a cigarette, you can make a roll-your-own cigarette: stuff another tinder into a small piece of toilet paper.
As in the previous method, a plug is made with exposed wires.
The edge of the cigarette is slightly moistened with saliva.
The plug is plugged into the socket.
Touching the exposed wires to the wet part of the cigarette causes a spark, which, due to the puff from the cigarette (as when lighting a cigarette), helps the tinder ignite.
The smoldering tinder is transferred to the kindling and fanned until a flame appears.

Based on the principle implemented in the second method, as a child I managed to light a fire from a dynamo (“dynamos,” by the way, are used by many on bicycles, including on bicycle trips).

It all happened by accident and became the reason for the subsequent replacement of the oilcloth covering kitchen table, which I successfully burned through. To do this, I poured a small pile of magnesium shavings obtained by processing the magnesium plate with a file. He brought the wires coming from the dynamo to it. As the dynamo rotated, the wires, due to shaking, either came into contact with the magnesium or were disconnected from it, as a result of which small green sparks appeared, which actually attracted my attention. As a result of these actions, at some point the magnesium flared up and burned through the oilcloth.

After this incident, the method was retested, but on a non-combustible foundation. In all experiments, sooner or later the magnesium caught fire.

Magnesium gives a dazzling flash at the moment of tanning. That is why its mixture is used to produce magnesium flash bombs, used to blind the enemy.

For many who use a modern flint to start a fire, a magnesium block in a backpack pocket is a common thing. It is from this that shavings are scraped onto the tinder, which is ignited by a spark struck by a flint. Magnesium can also be extracted from the remains of an aircraft (here it is used due to its lightness), for example, after an emergency or military action, if there is still something left from the aircraft. Magnesium alloys containing more than 90% magnesium are used to make vehicle bodies, binoculars and much more. At all the main problem is not where to find it, but how to distinguish it from other metals.

Summarizing the methods of producing fire using electric current, I can say that they are very easy to use, although they do not always guarantee success. Some of them can be implemented in the wild with a battery or accumulator, while others require more civilized conditions.

In survival conditions, you always need to decide what is more important - fire or a charged battery.

Methods where it is necessary to use high voltage current should be resorted to only as a last resort for the reasons stated earlier.

In general, these methods can be recommended when there are no matches left, the sun is hidden by clouds or is below the horizon, and other methods are too complex to implement. Nevertheless, you always need to look and evaluate the situation: sometimes getting fire is not as important as staying in touch, for example, with a rescue group, because often to get fire using this method and work mobile phone The same batteries are used, the charge of which, as is known, is not unlimited. Being left in the wild without a navigator or phone can sometimes be more dangerous than without fire.

Starting a fire using chemicals

Some chemical reactions proceed violently with the release of such an amount of heat that is enough to ignite the mixture. This method is based on this principle.

Two methods are most applicable in hiking conditions - rubbing potassium permanganate with sugar (or without it) between two wooden surfaces and wetting potassium permanganate with anhydrous glycerin, which can be found in the first aid kit. In urban conditions, to create a fire, you can also use cotton wool soaked in alcohol, which must be placed on potassium permanganate moistened with concentrated sulfuric acid.

These and other chemical methods of producing fire without matches were discussed in detail in, so I will not repeat myself here, but will only draw a conclusion on them.

This method is simple and allows you to quickly start fire, but its big disadvantage is the high cost and rarity of some of the reagents involved in the reaction. Potassium permanganate, for example, is generally included in the list of precursors, and getting it today is not an easy task. In view of this, this method is rational only when there is a critical need for fire and the availability of appropriate reagents in humans.

Starting a fire with a gun shot

In this method, the tinder is ignited by the gunpowder in the cartridge, which ignites when the weapon is fired.

Attention!

This method is very unsafe, so it should be used only in extreme cases.

As you know, almost every modern hunter has a gun, at least in our country, so this method is primarily for those who like to shoot in the wild, as well as for the military who have the appropriate weapons at their disposal.

In order to ignite a fire with a shot from a gun, you should adhere to the following instructions:

There is a small depression in the dry soil, although you can dig it yourself.
A piece of dry cotton fabric is cut.
Spacers, wads and all the shot are removed from the hunting cartridge. If the cartridge is live, the bullet is removed from it.
Half of the gunpowder in the cartridge is poured out: firstly, there will be plenty of remaining gunpowder in the cartridge (excess gunpowder can even cause harm), and secondly, the poured gunpowder can be useful for starting a fire in the future.
A piece of fabric is cut off and inserted into the cartridge on top of the gunpowder so that fragments of this fabric do not extend beyond the cartridge body.
The cartridge is inserted into the weapon.
A shot is fired into the previously found depression in the ground - the fabric flying out of the trunk lights up.

Due to the high cost of cartridges, this method is advisable only when other simple methods of starting a fire are not available, but it is still necessary to organize a fire. For many tourists and city residents, it has no practical meaning due to the lack of weapons.

As you can see, the number of ways to produce fire is quite large and you can always choose the one that turns out to be optimal in a given situation. The main popularity, according to my observations, has been gained by methods of making fire using a battery with foil, a fire bow, a sun lens, as well as potassium permanganate with glycerin.

However, ideally you need to know and be able to apply everything possible ways for starting a fire, because making fire in an emergency survival situation is one of the primary tasks. Another thing is that it is not always possible to practice in all known methods, since some methods require a lot of money (for example, the method with a gun), others are difficult to access (for example, the fire bamboo method, although if you really want, you can get a bamboo trunk even in the area where it does not grow, for example, by purchasing it over the Internet), and still others are simply dangerous to life (for example, some methods of making fire with electricity).

In addition, in conditions of survival you always need to be able to correctly prioritize. For example, if the weather is not too cold, instead of starting a fire, it is more useful to build a shelter from the rain or just a comfortable place to sleep, which will require less effort and time, but will allow you to get a good night's sleep without having to get up and add wood to the fire. If you are 100-150 km from a populated area or the nearest road and you have a navigator or phone with a charged battery, it is wiser not to stop for the night at all, and especially not to waste battery power on starting a fire. You can sleep during the day, warming up in the sun, and the rest of the time you can confidently go out to civilization using the navigator. Finally, the effort required to start a fire by friction can be greater than the energy value of the food cooked over the fire. In this case, it may be advisable to eat the prey raw.

And modern people do not always have time to practice these skills, because besides them there are others, for example, constructing a temporary shelter, orienteering, overcoming various terrain under different weather conditions, and much, much more that may be needed not only in survival conditions, but also for an ordinary hike of the first category of difficulty.

That is why here I have selected the methods that I recommend mastering first. These include:

Getting fire from sunlight and a lens, namely options with a ready-made lens, a condom and a water bottle. These methods are easy to learn and can be used in clear weather as an alternative to matches. Personally, I almost always start a fire using this method.
Chemical method, namely lighting a fire with potassium permanganate. This method is simple but expensive. However, in the absence of standard means of ignition in inclement weather, it can help a person save time and effort in getting a fire, for example, using the friction method.
Getting fire by friction, namely with the help of a fire bow (aka Indian fiddle). This method is the most “severe”, but allows a person to make fire in nature from scrap materials. You can also try to master a fire plow so as not to be dependent on the reliability of the bow string rotating the wooden drill.

These are the basic methods for starting a fire that you need to master first. Other options can be explored later if desired, time is available and the possibility of their implementation is possible.

Interesting video: Starting a fire by rolling cotton wool

The ability to start a fire without matches or a lighter is invaluable, especially when caught in extreme conditions survival. Various circumstances can cause matches to become damp, a lighter to be lost or to run out of gas. In this case, making fire by friction can save you from cold and hunger, despite the fact that this process is very labor-intensive and lengthy. They knew how to make fire without matches (by friction) back in ancient times, since there were no other ways to keep warm, protect yourself from animals at night and cook the food you got.

Starting a fire by friction

There are two main ways to start a fire by friction:

Method using hand drill.

For this you will need: a base and a dry wood rod, tinder, and ignition material. You need to make a groove in the base where friction will be carried out with a wooden rod. Another groove is removed from this groove; coals and other friction products will come out of it. After this, a rod made of durable wood is installed in the groove. The friction of the rod against the base is carried out by rotating it with your hands around its axis, resulting in coals. After this, the coals need to be moved to previously prepared tinder, and when the flame starts, move to another material for igniting the fire (logs, branches, etc.).

Using a bow drill.

The principle of operation is similar to the previous ignition, with the only difference being that a clamp is attached to the top of the rod, which allows it to be rotated more quickly without injuring your hands, the danger of which arises when using a hand drill. It's more effective method.

Making fire by friction: process technology

Before starting a fire, you need to prepare tinder, collect firewood, prepare a nest for coal, make a bow with a drill and prepare a wooden base.

Dry tinder is used fibrous material: moss, lint from clothing, bird feathers and down, thin wood shavings. For firewood, you need to collect thin dry twigs, which can be found in dead wood, the lower tier of trees. Branches lying on the ground are most likely damp and damp; it will be difficult for them to catch fire. Green wood should be avoided as it does not burn well. The bundle of tinder should be wrapped in a denser material, such as leaves or dry grass. In this case, you need to leave a recess for coal and gaps for air ventilation.

The next step is making the bow, for which you need to choose strong, elastic wood. After suitable material found, a bow 30-60 cm long is made. It should be a thin, light rod, not too curved and at the same time rigid enough so that it does not bend during rotation. To make a bowstring, a cord, rope, or twine is used, which is attached to the bow so that it is slightly slack.

For the base you need to prepare dry wooden board. To make it you need to choose a light and soft wood. Its length should be 30 -32 cm, width 5-8 cm, thickness 2.5 cm. Next, a drill is made at least 20 cm long, the diameter of which should be 2-4 cm. The lower end of the drill should be rounded, and the upper end should be sharpened with a knife .

For the spindle you need to make an upper support from stone or wood. The stone should fit comfortably in your hand and not be too small. It should have a notch and smooth edges. A support block can be made from wood using hardwood by drilling a hole to about the middle of the block with a knife.

The support must be such that the spindle rotates freely around its axis while maintaining a stable position narrow end. To make the upper end less likely to wear out, you can lubricate the hole in the block with resin.

Starting a fire

On the base you need to make a mark where the wooden drill will spin. Then drill a recess in this place with a diameter equal to the diameter of the spindle and a depth of about 5mm. A hole is cut underneath for the tinder.

After this you need to burn a hole:

The wooden base is placed on a flat piece of ground.
With your left foot you need to stand on the base at a distance of 2-3 cm from the funnel. The second leg is bent at the knee behind.
Hold the spindle with your left hand, right hand you need to hold the bow.
The bow string should be looped at the top, pointed end of the shaft so that too much tension is not created. If it is difficult to tighten, you need to loosen the string.
The rounded end of the spindle is inserted into the hole on the base, and a support block is held above it.
You need to take one end of the bow and begin to rotate the spindle around its axis, pressing its lower end to the base.
If done correctly, black charcoal will form around the drill and smoke will appear.

Then you need to make a chimney: you need to cut a V-shaped hole from the edge of the newly formed burnt funnel, not reaching the middle of the funnel. When the spindle rotates, coals are formed that will fall out through this hole. You need to place a flat base underneath to collect the coals; a flat wood chip will do for this.

After this, they begin to lay out the firewood as follows: they are laid at right angles with spaces between the rods for air circulation in the order tinder - kindling - fuel. In this case, the kindling is not placed on the surface of the ground, but on a bed of leaves or dry branches. You should also leave a hole for placing coals inside.

Now you need to turn the drill again on the base to get charcoal, gradually increasing the rotation speed. The coals will fall through the hole onto the tinder, which will soon begin to smoke. An indicator that they have formed will be darkening, redness or lightening of the tinder. Then you need to carefully remove the board, support the smoldering coals with air (with a wave or a gentle blow), gradually surrounding them with tinder. When the first flames appear, the burning tinder should be placed in the hole of the prepared kindling and the fire should be fanned.

The main mistake when using the friction fire method with a bow is that inexperienced tourists place the kindling material in the immediate vicinity of the friction point, hoping that it will ignite on its own. They do not take into account the fact that this will only produce smoke, and for a fire to start, you need to place the coals in the kindling material, fanning it.

Starting a fire by friction: other methods

Fire with stones

In addition to using a hand or bow drill, there are several other methods of producing fire using the friction method:

You will need a regular nail and a die to drive it in. This needs to be done for several minutes, turning the nail around its axis. It will get hot enough to ignite the tinder.
You need to make a small base with a split from pine. The tinder is placed there so that there is a little space left under the board. Next, you need to find a rope, it is better if it is made of natural fiber. You need to take it by both ends and begin to “saw” the wooden plank from below with quick movements. When smoke appears, it needs to be fanned to create fire.
The easiest way: place a piece of cotton wool between two dry wooden planks and begin to rub them against each other. After a few minutes the cotton wool will begin to smoke.

Making fire is one of the most useful skills a person can have. In this article we will tell you how you can make fire in the wild. Survival in difficult conditions dictates its own rules that you need to accept and be able to adapt to them. Let's find out what you can use to make fire?

Fire can be made different ways. For example, with the help of sunlight, by carving, by drilling, by simple friction. Each of these methods of making fire also has some variations. If for some reason you find yourself in the wild, you will probably need to make fire. After reading this article you will understand how this can be done.

1. How to make fire with a condom

You will need to fill the condom with water, the bottle can also be filled with water. After which we receive a means for focusing the sun's rays. You look for a windless place, set the “lens” accordingly and just go about your business. Rest assured, the fire will already be burning by the time you arrive.

2. How to make fire using an iron can

Look at the bottom of a beer can - it is concave, and it can perfectly “collect” the sun's rays. But it is better to pre-polish it for high-quality focusing. After which this part of the jar can be used to make fire.

3. How to make fire using a piece of ice

Perhaps you have seen one of the episodes of the MythBusters program? There they just told and demonstrated how you can make a lens for starting a fire from a piece of a certain shape of ice. So in the episode the presenters used a round piece of ice. Thus, even ice can become a “source” of fire. If there is no ice nearby, you can make your own piece of ice of the required shape. Just take the bag, fill it with water, you just need the bag to take the desired round shape. Then you bury it under the snow and after a while the ice lens will be ready.

4. Making fire using the “blacksmith” method

If you have a nail with you, then simply find a material into which you can drive the nail. Next, simply drive the nail in for about three minutes, turning it periodically. It will get so hot that you can use it to light a piece of tinder.

5. How to make fire using flint carving

A piece of steel can be used as a chair, but only hardened steel. But it will still be more difficult to make fire using flint, although it may be found right on the road. If you are looking for flint, you need to find only very hard ones; soft ones will not work.

If the stone is hard, then it looks like glass, cloudy or even transparent. You are unlikely to get fire from a smooth stone, but if you break the stone into two parts, you will be able to get a spark from the sharp part. To determine which stone sparks the most, simply test each stone one at a time.

The tinder you will burn should be as dry as possible. Fine tinder can be obtained from wood fibers. For example, you can also use cotton socks. In addition, plant fluff ignites well. You need to make fire only in a windless place. It is advisable to hold the tinder over the flint.

6. Making fire by rubbing a rope against a stick

A pine one might work as a stick. A split is made in it, where the tinder is placed. But the tinder must be placed in such a way that there is space under the stick. The rope is better if it is made from natural fibers. You can make handles at the ends of the rope for convenience. Holding the stick with your foot, we “saw” it with a rope from below. Movements should be frequent and fast. Within a few seconds you will be able to see smoke. And later you can fan the fire out of it.

7. Making fire by rubbing a cotton ball

Between two planks lies cotton wool, which can be taken, for example, from an old padded jacket. Then just sharp and frequent movements“iron” the cotton wool with planks. After a while you will see that the cotton wool will begin to smolder. The method is quite simple, but at the same time quite effective.

8. How to make fire by rubbing two sticks together

Take a board and make a groove in it at a certain angle where you can insert a stick. Next, you need to press this stick and just move it until clouds of smoke appear. The abraded material will be collected in the appropriate place. Later the powder will turn dark Brown color. Some particles of powder will fly off and fall to the side, while they smoke, but no sparks are visible.

A fire can only break out in a place where enough powder has been collected and heated to high temperatures. It is important that air flows freely into the pile of powder. It is better to use planks and sticks from such tree species as beech and pine. For this method of making fire, you should not use aspen and linden.

9. How to make fire by drilling

A shallow hole is made in some part of the wood, into which a stick is subsequently inserted. The top of the hole needs to be covered with a stone.

Next to the hole you will need to place a material that will subsequently light up. It could be lint, moss, wick or tinder. The stick must be set in motion using a bow, which is placed on the stick using the overlap method.

As you know, the ability to make fire is one of the most important components of success in surviving in the wild. Modern civilized people solve the issue of fire very simply: with the help of matches or a lighter. But what to do if, once in the forest, you suddenly discover that you don’t have these supplies with you? How to light a fire in this case?

This article will give step-by-step instruction, how to light a fire in the forest without matches, because this situation is more real than it might seem at first glance. But I must immediately warn you that not all of the methods of making fire discussed here will be accessible to beginners, since in addition to knowledge they require a lot of practice. On the other hand, in an emergency situation, even without the appropriate skills and the ability to retreat, these methods are at least some hope for a successful outcome.

In some cases, making a fire is the only way to survive in extreme situation. Moreover, such a situation can arise completely unexpectedly.

A few years ago, a tourist friend of mine told me her story. She told me how she and her groupmate went to locality to buy food, and they left all the equipment in the camp so that they could go light. We bought food, but did not have time to return to camp before dusk. Night fell - they didn’t dare make their way through the forest without flashlights, so they began to think about spending the night. The air temperature dropped, and it became necessary to light a fire for heating, but alas: all the necessary supplies remained in the camp, and they did not know how to light a fire in any other way. We were very cold at night, so we were unable to sleep properly. In the morning, tired and hungry, we returned to camp. It’s good that it was summer, otherwise it’s unknown how it could have ended.

So, given the situation: a wild forest, civilization is not close, there are no matches or a lighter, but you still need to light a fire. What to do?

The algorithm for solving this problem is as follows...

We soberly assess the situation

First of all, you need to stop, if possible, sit down and calm down: in the turmoil, take correct solution difficult.

You need to remember whether you have a spare set of matches or a spare lighter in your backpack. For example, I am always camping backpack I put spare matches in an airtight container, and a spare lighter in the first aid kit. If you still didn’t take anything with you, then move on to the next point.

What to do if you don’t have matches or a lighter?

Many tourists carry a flint with them: they often hang it around their neck, like a talisman, so that it is always with them, even if for some reason a person is left in nature without clothes. In addition, so-called survival bracelets, which include a small flint and steel, are now on sale.

Here the flint is on a latch.

Starting a fire with such a flint will not be as easy as with matches, but with the proper skill it will not take much time and effort. If a person did not take care of acquiring such useful device in advance, then you should move on to the next point.

We are looking for an opportunity to start a fire from the sun

This method is relatively simple, I use it even when I have matches - just so as not to waste them. The main thing is that the sun should be shining when the fire is lit. If it is not available (in cloudy weather, for example, or at night), this method will not be implemented.

All equipment should be reviewed for the presence of a lens or concave mirror, thanks to which in sunny weather you can collect the sun's rays into a beam and set fire to the tinder. As such a hub solar energy For example, a lens from a pair of glasses, a transparent bottle of water, or a reflector from a flashlight may protrude. If any of these remedies are available and the weather is good and the sun is shining, you can try starting a fire. The video shows how this is done:

If nothing similar to a lens or a concave mirror is found, then you need to again evaluate the need to light a fire, because the subsequent points will require from a person not only knowledge and skills, but also patience, effort and a significant investment of time. All of them are rational only when the lack of fire threatens human life.

If, for example, there was a group of vacationers in the forest who simply forgot their matches, it would be more rational, easier and faster for them to go to a populated area to buy them than to implement one of the methods that I will describe below. You also need to evaluate the correspondence of the tasks to the available opportunities: if the fire is lit only to light a cigarette or chat in a romantic setting, then you can stop and simply endure such minor deprivations. However, if without fire a person faces, for example, hypothermia, then you need to make every effort to complete what you started, or act according to plan B: for example, go to a nearby populated area, if such an opportunity exists. Everything will depend on the situation.

It is necessary to make a reservation that it makes sense to make such a lens if the weather is clear and the evening is still far away. Such a lens can serve well on other days when the need to light a fire arises again.

We use chemical methods

If the weather is not pleasant, you can use the chemical method by making a depression in the log and rubbing potassium permanganate into it with a stick. By the way, many people take potassium permanganate on a hike as part of their first aid kit.

Below is an example of starting a fire using potassium permanganate:

If potassium permanganate is not at hand, then we move on.

We make fire from a battery or accumulator

To start a fire, you can try to ignite the kindling with a piece of foil, the ends of which are pressed against the battery terminals of a flashlight or phone battery: foil prepared in a certain way, even when passing such a small current, can become very hot.

In general, this method is simple to implement, but it can also quickly drain the device. I recommend resorting to it only in cases of critical importance, or when nothing depends on the charge of the battery or battery.

It is implemented like this:

The most complex and most versatile method of producing fire

If none of the listed methods succeeded in getting fire, you should resort to the last option, which our ancestors used a hundred thousand years ago, namely, starting a fire by friction.

Exist different interpretations this method, but we will be interested in only two of them. If you have rope or strong laces available, you can use the drilling method, widely known as “Indian fiddle”. If there is no rope, then you will have to work hard using a scraping technique known as the “fire plow”. We have already discussed separately

When the right way selected, need to collect required amount brushwood and firewood so that the resulting fire does not go out only for the reason that there was nothing to “feed” it. It’s good if you have it at hand, but even without it you can find good tinder in the forest.

Man began to use fire long before he learned how to make it. Fires and volcanic eruptions gave people open fire, which our ancestors carefully stored and carried with them from site to site. The same principle can be used in an emergency situation, when it is easier to save smoldering coals and then fan a new fire from them than to restart the fire from scratch, without having either matches or a lighter at your disposal. If you need to light a fire in the woods without matches several times, find a way to carry the coals or smoldering tinder with you.

In the video I showed how you can use smoldering tinder from the tinder fungus for transfer:

In giving these instructions for making fire, I did not set myself the task of talking about absolutely all the methods known to me for starting a fire in the forest without matches and a lighter. What I have described is only an approximate algorithm of actions, given to demonstrate the train of thought when choosing the desired option solving the problem.

So, for example, it will be easier for a driver to light a fire from a smoldering cigarette, which he lights from a car cigarette lighter, than to search for parts for constructing a lens, and a hunter will get an open fire faster by shooting than by rubbing sticks against sticks. That is, in every situation you will need to take independent decision, based on the availability of equipment and materials, acquired knowledge and developed skills, weather conditions and well-being, considering first of all the options that can be implemented with great success.

The ability to make fire is extremely important in the wild, especially when it is necessary to stay warm or cook food in winter. But it happens that matches become damp, run out, forgotten, lost, like a lighter, and gas burner I don't have it with me. How to make fire without matches and a lighter in the forest? You can find out more about this below.

There are both known from ancient times and unusual ways how to start a fire without matches. At the same time, you need to prepare for the fact that making fire is a long and not easy process.

How to make fire without matches using friction

This is the most labor-intensive process of making fire. It consists of producing fire by friction using a rod and a base. The rod needs to create circular movements on the base, which is a wooden plank. With these actions, coals should be formed that initiate the appearance of a flame. Subsequently, the smoldering coals can be used to ignite lighter materials. With this method, you need to use only dry wood. For both the rod and the plank, you need to choose the right wood: the best way The following types of wood are suitable for this: walnut, cypress, pine, aspen, willow, cedar.

Light a fire without matches

A small depression is made on the surface of the board. The rod is about 60 cm long and is sharpened so that its tip fits well into the recess. Then you need to press on the board and begin to rotate the rod around the axis with quick movements until smoldering embers begin to form. Once they form, they must be quickly transferred to a nest of dry material called tinder.

To prepare tinder, you will need any flammable material: very dry branches, grass, leaves, bark, material that will easily ignite from a spark. To avoid throwing coals into a separate nest, you can make a funnel for tinder on a piece of wood. In this case, you need to put bark under dry grass or moss, then there is a chance to maintain the starting fire longer.

Another way to light a fire using friction is to use a bow. Unlike manual rubbing, this method is faster in achieving a spark as it produces a higher rotation speed and ideal pressure. At the same time, in addition to a board with a rod, you will need a bow and a weighting agent. The bow is made independently: you need to take a flexible branch as long as a human arm and a lace or thread for the bowstring. A wooden rod is placed in the bowstring and begins to unwind with the forward movements of the bow. When smoldering coals appear, tinder is added to them, you can fan the coals a little until a fire appears.

How to make fire without matches or a lighter using lenses

You can make a fire without matches in the forest using the laws of physics about focusing a sunbeam into one point passing through glass. This is a fairly fast and effective method, but it can only be used in clear, sunny weather. You can light a fire using this method not only with glass, but also with water collected in a container, or even ice. In addition to the lens, you will need tinder made from dry leaves, grass, and moss.

Make fire using a magnifying glass

This method is quite simple: you need to take any lens, which most often is a piece of glass, the bottom of a glass, a watch, glasses, and direct the sun’s ray through them directly to the tinder nest. The lens should be tilted. As soon as the first smoke appears, you need to carefully fan it until a fire appears. If you moisten the lens with water, the process will be more efficient.

In addition to the glass lens, you can use plastic bag filled with water. In this case, it is necessary that it takes the shape of a ball as accurately as possible, compressing it so that it gives a clear circle of light. You need to keep such a lens at a distance of no more than 5 cm from the tinder.

Oddly enough, ice can also start a fire if you make a lens out of it. To do this, you only need transparent ice at least 5 cm thick. To get transparent ice, you need to collect water from the lake, or put snow in some container and let it freeze. Then you need to use a knife to cut a lens out of the middle of the ice floe. You should polish it with your hands, then point it at sunlight at an angle to refract the beam.

How to light a fire without matches or a lighter: the chemical method

If you have a first aid kit and basic chemical skills, you can make fire in the forest using chemicals. For ignition you will need:

Potassium permanganate and sugar: you need to pour them one by one on cotton wool, then rub with a stick until a spark appears.
Calcium or sodium chlorate with sugar in a ratio of 3 to 1.
Calcium permanganate and glycerin
Potassium permanganate with any antifreeze.

How to light a fire without matches in the forest using a flint

An ancient way to light a fire without matches is to use flint. In order to produce a spark, you need a silicon stone. In principle, you can use the old one flint lighter, which has run out of gas. To light a fire, you need to do the following:

You will need a flint stone and a piece of any fabric for ignition.
You need to squeeze it with a big one and index finger flint, the fabric must be securely clamped with a finger and a stone.
Any steel (you can use a knife blade) needs to be struck against a flint, which will create sparks.
Getting on the fabric, they will contribute to its ignition.
When a spark appears, place the cloth in the tinder and blow gently, igniting a stronger fire.

Fire

Other ways to light a fire without matches

In addition to the above, there are additional ways to start a fire without matches and a lighter:

Starting a fire with a flashlight. If starting a fire is more important than lighting a flashlight, you need to disassemble it. It will take the flashlight's bare electric arc to ignite the tinder.
A roller made from ordinary cotton wool will also help create a fire. To do this, you need to roll the cotton wool over the surface of the tree, gradually it will begin to smolder, becoming saturated with oxygen.
An alternative to a glass lens can be a regular aluminum can. To do this, you need to polish its bottom to a shine, then use it as a parabolic mirror to refract the sun's ray and set the tinder on fire. Instead of a can, you can use used gas cylinder, ordinary foil.
How to make fire from wool and batteries? Quite simple if you use a piece of natural wool. It needs to be stretched while quickly rubbing it with a battery. To get a spark you will need a battery with a power of at least 9 watts. After some effort, the wool fabric will begin to ignite.
If, by luck, you have a firearm with you, it will help, like lighting a fire without matches. You need to pour the shot out of the cartridge, and fill the cartridge case with tinder from dry leaves, moss, and pieces of bark. Then you need to fire at idle speed at the place where the fire is planned to be lit. After this, it remains to fan and maintain the fire.
Friction of wire on steel knife. The method will require physical effort.