Can't connect to the central sewerage system? You can solve the problem locally - install a septic tank. To simplify this task, we have prepared a review of 9 reliable septic tank manufacturers. Chances are good that other companies you come across are either copying the products of these 9 or counterfeiting.
We warn you! Hereinafter, by septic tanks, we mean any engineering structures intended for the collection or processing of wastewater, unless otherwise indicated. Including these are VOC and SBO - local sewage treatment plant and biological treatment plants, respectively.
Purpose of the article: tell about the most reliable companies that have been producing septic tanks and biological treatment plants for household waste for more than 10 years. Simplify the selection of the right equipment model based on the buyer's needs, site soil conditions and purchase budget.
Types of septic tanks
Before talking about sewage treatment plants, we will conduct a small educational program. Conventionally, all treatment facilities can be divided into 3 groups:
- storage tanks... It doesn't matter what they will be made of, their function is the same - to accumulate wastewater in itself before the arrival of the sewage truck. Relatively cheap, easy to install, maintenance-free. The use is limited by the useful volume of the tank, hence the need for economical use of water and linking to the services of sewers. It is inconvenient and expensive. They are used only when soil and other conditions do not allow the installation of structures from the following two groups;
- sedimentation tanks... Multi-section tanks that do not require electricity connection for settling waste water and their anaerobic treatment. Microbiological purification processes proceed slowly in an oxygen-depleted environment. The water at the outlet has a characteristic odor and is purified by a maximum of 60%, so it must be further purified. For this, fields or filtration wells are used: drains seep through the soil layer, after which they do not pose a threat to the environment. The sedimentation tanks are simple and affordable, but demanding to maintain. They must be periodically cleaned of the accumulated sediment, and the filtration field must be redone every 5 years. This solution is not suitable for a high groundwater table (GWL) and soil with poor flow capacity, for example, clay;
- aeration stations. The most advanced systems for the preparation of households. drains. In the process of settling, aeration and the use of microorganisms, the drains are cleared by more than 90%, have no odor, they can be drained into roadside ditches. However, such stations require connection to the mains, and their efficiency suffers during power outages. Plus, they are expensive and need qualified service.
We figured out the types of treatment facilities. It remains to take 5 steps to choose the one that suits your particular operating conditions.
| Step 1. Choose your accommodation option | |
|---|---|
seasonal (in the country) Operating conditions:
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Ideal for:
|
permanent (in a private house) Operating conditions:
|
Ideal for:
|
| Step 2. Select the type of soil on the site | |
clay Initial conditions:
|
Ideal for:
|
sand, sandy loam, loam Initial conditions:
|
Ideal for:
|
peat Initial conditions:
|
Ideal for:
|
| Step 3. Select the depth of groundwater | |
above 1.5 Initial conditions:
|
Ideal for:
|
below 1.5 Initial conditions:
|
Ideal for:
|
| Step 4. Select a model for autonomy | |
non-volatile
|
Ideal for:
|
volatile
|
Ideal for:
|
| Step 5. Select the number of permanent residents | |
up to 5
|
Ideal for:
|
to 10
|
Ideal for:
|
up to 20
|
Ideal for:
|
We hope this table helped you choose suitable option septic tank. It remains to decide on the manufacturer. In the table below there are 9 companies and their brief characteristics. All the manufacturers we have reviewed offer solutions for both seasonal and permanent residence.
| Manufacturers of all types of septic tanks | ||
|---|---|---|
| , all types of septic tanks Bars |
Ideal for: residents of the above cities, because Bars is a practical and economical option for waste disposal. You can choose the most suitable model for the specific working conditions of the septic tank. |
Middle price segment:
|
| , Topas, TopBio, TopAero models |
Ideal for: permanently residing in a private house, provided that there are no power outages. |
Middle price segment:
|
| , models Cedar, Unilos Astra, etc. |
Ideal for: VOC devices in a residential home. |
Middle price segment:
|
| , models Microbe, Tank, Biotank |
Ideal for: budget purchases at the dacha, which is facilitated by frequent manufacturer discounts and the simplicity of the design of most models. |
Budget price segment:
|
| , Termit and Ergobox models |
Ideal for: residents of the above cities due to free shipping. For those looking for an alternative to Tank facilities. |
Budget price segment:
|
| , Eurolos models |
Ideal for: those who need simple models of septic tanks for a summer residence at a low price. |
Budget price segment:
|
| Non-volatile septic tank manufacturers | ||
| , Rostock models |
Ideal for: devices of inexpensive autonomous sewerage in the country. |
Budget price segment:
|
| Local treatment plant manufacturers | ||
| , models Eurobion, Yubas |
Ideal for: permanent residence, when the maximum degree of wastewater treatment is needed, even with significant volley discharges. |
Premium price segment:
|
| , Tver models |
Ideal for: large areas at permanent residence because hatches provide Free access to all parts of the installation and take up a lot of space. |
Middle price segment:
|
1. "Aqua Hold" - septic tanks Bars from 54,900 rubles.
2. "Topol-EKO" - treatment facilities Topas from 89,900 rubles.
A plot of 10 acres, around - the houses of neighbors, clay soil. Please advise the model.
We recommend paying attention to the Bars-Aero 5 aeration system. Designed for use by a family of up to 5 people. Durable HDPE housing, vertical design that takes up little space. Includes a reliable Japanese Hiblow compressor. The effluent is dumped into a ditch.
Summer cottage next to the forest, seasonal accommodation, four people. Advise a septic tank.
If you need cheaper and easier, then consider the Termit Profi 2.0 option. It is very similar to the well-known Tank, but it costs only 39,000 rubles. Also, the manufacturer often has promotions - you can save several thousand.
The filtration field can be set up next to the forest. There you will dispose of wastewater for additional treatment. So you will bring a minimum of inconvenience to yourself and your neighbors.
At the summer cottage there is a well, from where the water is used for food purposes. Which septic tank to choose?
Obviously, a treatment station is required here, after which the effluent can be discharged into a roadside ditch. If there is no ditch, it can be lowered into the ground, provided that the discharge point should be 50 m from the well.
If the soil does not accept water, then in some cases it makes sense to think about installing a storage tank with the subsequent call of sewers.
Do I need to add special bacteria to the septic tank?
No. Everything you need is already in the drains, if you do not abuse detergents. To speed up the system startup, you can use biological products for septic tanks, for example, Doctor Robik, Bioforce Septic, Biobac, Biosept, etc.
Can I use detergents when using a septic tank?
It is possible, but in moderation. Especially careful should be used aggressive agents with a bactericidal effect, containing alkalis or acids. For example, do not abuse Domestos to clean the toilet and bathroom.
Will the container squeeze out of the soil?
The container can float if it is not installed correctly. That is why it is important to follow all the manufacturer's recommendations. They take into account the design of the container: its geometry, mass, presence additional elements, preventing squeezing and extrusion.
Will the drains freeze in winter? Do I need to insulate a septic tank?
If used constantly, they will definitely not freeze - a kind of bioreactor constantly works inside, generating heat. In extreme cases, you can insulate it by sprinkling a layer of straw or leaves on top.
For seasonal use, it is recommended to fill the container 2/3 with drains, additionally insulating it from above. So the container will not float up and will not be crushed by the frozen soil. We recommend that you additionally read the instructions for a particular model, the manufacturer may have a different opinion on this matter.
What will happen to a volatile water treatment plant if the electricity is cut off?
Typically such systems are very sensitive to power outages. The air compressor stops working, and after 6 hours the amount of oxygen in the effluent is significantly reduced. A struggle begins between aerobes and anaerobes. The drains can begin to ferment due to anaerobes, therefore, after turning on the electricity, the return to normal operation occurs within several days.
Is there a strong odor from the septic tank?
After an ordinary sump there is a strong characteristic sewer odor. It can even be felt next to the filtration field, so they are equipped in the most distant place.
After systems with aeration, the water is cleaner and odorless. Unless the operating mode of the station will be violated: exceeding the permissible peak discharge, power outages, the use of aggressive detergents.
Installed a septic tank with a filtration field without connecting to the power supply. How to serve it?
Every six months it is necessary to open the container and check the amount of sediment. If it is more than 1/5 of the height of the container, you will have to remove it. Use a bucket or fecal pump for this purpose.
Light fractions will accumulate on the surface of the effluent. If they form a thick solid layer with a thickness of more than 5 cm, it is also better to remove it in a timely manner, because later it can significantly complicate the cleaning of the tank.
The filtration field is also not eternal, it gradually silts up. Everyone is different, but after about 3-5 years it may be necessary to move the field to another location. Or replace the crushed stone in the wastewater discharge area at the old place.
How to maintain a local sewage treatment plant?
Everything is strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions, because each VOC has its own number of sections, aerators, compressors, pumps, etc.
In general terms, in most cases it is enough to just remove the excess of activated sludge every 1-3 months. Once every 2-3 years, you will need to clean the system, replace the compressor - usually they have a warranty of just 3 years.
Still have questions? Ask in the comments, we will try to answer.
A septic tank for a home with permanent residence is a necessary thing and the best option would be to build it from concrete rings. There are other septic tanks, but they are either more expensive and labor intensive, or unreliable and short-lived.
It will be cheaper for you to create a treatment plant from old car tires or install a Eurocube. Each of these options has significant drawbacks. When using tires, there is a great chance of getting leaks, since the design is not entirely reliable. Eurocubes have another problem, their walls are thin enough, they can not withstand the load and fail at the most inopportune moment.
A septic tank made of concrete rings is a reliable, durable and economical design, you can find different options from 15,000 to 25,000, the price will of course depend on whether you do the installation yourself or hire a supplier company.
If you decide to make a septic tank from concrete rings yourself, we suggest reading our article.
- A good price that is affordable for many.
- Easy installation, you can do it yourself.
- Daily maintenance won't be a hassle.
- If not correct installation unpleasant odors and leaks can occur and contaminate the area.
- In this system, an ineffective cleaning method is used with a discharge into the ground, and not into a drainage ditch or a pond, which, with clay soil, will make it difficult for drains to escape, and is also unsafe for high groundwater.
To choose the right septic tank, you first need to answer a number of questions:
- How many people will use the country house.
- Will it be a seasonal home or will you live in it permanently?
- How much plumbing will be used in the house.
- Are you planning to install a sauna or a swimming pool.
After collecting the necessary information, you will also need to study the soil on which the house stands and then decide on the choice of a septic tank.
What are the options for septic tanks today.
Non-volatile septic tanks
Such models as "Breeze", "Bars Bio", "Kedr", "Triton", "Aspen" purify the drain only by 50%, so they need to additionally create the possibility of additional treatment of water in the ground, such waste is not discharged into water bodies, for they construct a filtration field, which already brings clean water directly into the ground. There are a number of limitations to consider:
- The first is the height of the groundwater, since the flooding of the treatment fields and the ingress of effluents into the ground are possible. Such a system will not clean, but will spread putrefactive bacteria and poison the environment. After a year of constant flooding of the system, there will be a strong sewer odor on the site, which will be impossible to get rid of without taking out all the land from the site.
- Clay soil is not suitable for these septic tanks. Due to its density, water will not be able to go into the ground and can flood the site. The solution to this problem is often to replace the required piece of land with a mixture of sand and gravel. You just need to take into account that this will lead to a significant increase in the cost of the system.
All these septic tanks differ in the number of chambers, which can be calculated based on the number of people living in the country; installation of biofilters, where microorganisms will live, helping to speed up waste processing; the possibility in the future to modify the system to an aeration unit with a purification degree of 98%.
Autonomous sewerage
Septic tanks such as TOPAS, TOPOL, YUBAS, EUROBION, ASTRA, BIOXY and others.
In these stations, a different treatment system is used, which allows you to completely clean the effluents and pour them directly into the ground or some kind of water body. They are great for permanent residence.
The work is based on the SBR reactor principle, the system works flawlessly 365 days a year, but requires full maintenance, which of course slightly increases the budget for the entire sewerage installation process.
It is worth paying attention to important nuance, household chemicals cannot be drained into this septic tank, and pipes must not be cleaned with it. Bacteria are the first to die from chlorine and other aggressive chemicals entering the septic tank.
Before choosing a system, you need to calculate the required capacities, which depend on the number of people living in the house. The service life of modern septic tanks reaches 50 years, so it is worth considering possible guests and increasing the family in the future in this figure. The name itself indicates the number, it means the maximum people who can use it.
There are not many disadvantages to these installations, but they are. First of all, it is volatility, if the electricity is cut off, there is a risk of flooding the station and its failure. The second is the need for maintenance every six months, which leads to an increase in the cost of the entire installation.
Model overview
Most popular models:
Station "Topas"
In 2001, the Russian manufacturer Topol-Eco Neva began to manufacture the Topas biological treatment system, the operation of which is based on double action, bacteria and fine bubble aeration necessary for the oxidation of industrial water. In the process of cleaning, microorganisms destroy organic waste, and the output is industrial water, suitable even for watering a vegetable garden.
It is presented in various modifications:
- By the number of people, from 4 to 10 or more.
- Along the depth of the pipe that removes water from a private house.
- By the number of compressors, 1 or 2 are identified by the "C" prefix in the name.
- By the presence of a drainage pump, it can be identified by the prefix "Pr" in the name.
- In addition to models for summer cottages, there are models for entire villages from 50 to 150 people.
Station "Topas 8"
This system has quite a few advantages to use, here are some of them:
- A large selection of models for a different number of people in the house, for soil with a high level of groundwater, and others;
- High strength and reliability of the structure;
- Ease of maintenance;
- Quiet work;
- Purified water up to 98%, which, without fear, can be drained into any nearby reservoir or drainage ditch.
There are also disadvantages:
- Permanent connection to a power source, which generates 1.3-1.5 kW per day, depending on the modification by the number of people and others.
Inability to use household chemicals. - High price for the installation itself and subsequent maintenance.
| Model | Number of users | Dimensions (LxWxH), mm | Consumed electricity | Productivity, l / day | Link to reviews |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 4 | 950x970x2500 | 1.5 kW * day | 800 | |
| 5 | 5 | 1150x1170x2500 | 1.5 kW * day | 1000 | |
| 6 | 6 | 1150x1170x2550 | 1.5 kW * day | 1150 | |
| 8 | 8 | 1630x1170x2500 | 1.5 kW * day | 1500 | |
| 9 | 9 | 1630x1170x2550 | 1.5 kW * day | 1700 |
Station "Tank"
This septic tank wins in comparison with the previous one in terms of price-quality ratio, though only if you do not have groundwater close to your site, for which you will need to additionally install a drainage pump and an infiltrator on the surface of the earth.
The advantages of this septic tank:
- Independent of the power supply, it works exclusively with the help of bacteria and soil cleaning, suitable for spending the summer season in the country with comfort. Plastic housing, very durable, with wall thickness up to 10 mm and with stiffening ribs up to 17 mm. Allows you to bury it in the ground to a sufficient depth, without fear of soil pressure, when properly installed in a sand-concrete mixture.
- Relatively cheaper than the competition.
- Various modifications, not in such an amount as in Topas, of course, but sufficient to provide a full choice.
- The ability to connect systems, thereby increasing its permeability, to serve more people.
Station "Tank"
Disadvantages:
- Difficult installation in areas with high groundwater levels. Required optional equipment, such as a drainage pump and an infiltrator, and it is also necessary to take into account that in such areas it is necessary to especially monitor the correct installation in a sand-concrete mixture, otherwise a septic tank, left without water for a long time, will simply squeeze out of the ground with groundwater.
- The system is designed for two-phase purification and has 75% water purity at the outlet. Such water must not be drained into drainage ditches nor into bodies of water. For additional treatment, a soil filtration method is used, which complicates installation on clay soils.
| Model | Number of users | Dimensions (edit) (LxWxH), mm | Volume, l | Productivity, l / day | Link to reviews |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1-3 | 1200x1000x1700 | 1200 | 600 | |
| 2 | 3-4 | 1800x1200x1700 | 2000 | 800 | |
| 2.5 | 4-5 | 2030х1200х1850 | 2500 | 1000 | |
| 3 | 5-6 | 2200х1200х2000 | 3000 | 1200 | |
| 4 | 7-9 | 3600x1000x1700 | 3600 | 1800 |
Station "Unilos"
There are only two models produced under the Unilos brand, which are called Astra and Cyclone. Their difference lies in the programmable module itself, which contains the algorithm of their work.
Septic tanks Cyclone and Astra are available in two versions. Astra options look like this:
- With float water level sensor
- With a pressure sensor when it gives a command to switch phases. There are modifications for 3 to 15 people.
But what options does Cyclone have:
- Placement of the control unit inside the station (usually)
- Remote control unit installed in a warm room and protected from strong temperature changes.
- There are also septic tanks "Unilos mega" for small cottage villages, with a high capacity of 30 cubic meters / day.
Advantages:
- Water purification up to 98%, allowing it to be used as a technical one, and calmly drain into ditches, reservoirs and discharge into the ground.
20mm wall of the case, extremely strong and can withstand heavy loads. - Suitable for non-permanent residence and partial use, since microorganisms will remain alive and additional bacteria will not be required, as soon as the terms resume, the septic tank will work again.
- Operation in winter period without heating and thermal insulation.
Disadvantages of this septic tank:
- Depending on power sources, 60 kW is consumed, just like a conventional incandescent lamp.
- The need to periodically pump out sludge from the system, which somewhat complicates uninterrupted operation
- Highly small choice models, compared to Topas or even Tank.
- The price is too high.
An autonomous waste disposal system eliminates the need to connect to centralized networks. At the right choice it has performed its functions flawlessly for many years. In order not to be mistaken, it is necessary to study different septic tanks for a summer residence. Which one is the best will become clear after a comprehensive analysis of the market offers, the opinions of experienced experts and ordinary users. This article has collected information to help you make the right decision.
Read in the article
What is a septic tank: basic concepts and principles of work
If there is no central sewerage nearby, you have to build an autonomous system.
The installation works consistently. In the first volume (1), solid impurities settle to the bottom. Biological contamination decomposes naturally... Relatively clear water accumulates at the top. From there, it flows by gravity (4) into the next container (2), where similar processes are repeated. In the third tank (3) - there is no bottom. Here, the liquid passes through the granular backfill, enters the soil in a purified state. A special pipe (6) is installed to remove gases. Hatches (5) are used for inspection, removal of solid sediments.
In the photo, the storage tank BARS-N
In this modification, the outlet of treated water to the outside is not provided. In fact, it cannot be called a purification system. When filling the container, they call the sewage service to pump out and remove waste. This process comes with additional costs.
If you buy a septic tank for a summer residence, supplement it with such a design, you can ensure efficiency up to 97-98%. This level of cleaning eliminates damage environment... Here (with holes in the walls) they are laid in parallel. Ventilation pipes are connected to the outlets. The liquid from the last chamber (closed in this version) enters the soil, where the final cleaning takes place. Of course, this improvement will increase the overall cost of the project. To implement it, you will need an appropriate free area.
BARS-Bio scheme Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence: general information about structures, classification
These photos show the algorithm of actions for the construction of a septic tank for on their own. This example illustrates some of the complexities well:
- The whole process takes a long time.
- We'll have to rely on work to be done only in suitable weather conditions.
- It is difficult to ensure the tightness of such a structure. Even with the right skills, it is not easy to prevent cracking.
But in this case, for installation, you will need to order specialized lifting equipment. Considerable funds will have to be spent on transportation. Here you will have to seal the joints, periodically check their condition.
In this option, you will have to take into account high cost materials, the need for corrosion protection. It is necessary to use the expensive services of an experienced welder who is able to create long seams without mistakes.
For your information! It should be understood that in addition to the weight of the soil, its movements in the winter are not excluded. Homemade products from improvised means deteriorate in 1-2 seasons, so this solution cannot be called economical.
For the reasons listed, you should pay more attention to factory-made specialized products. Below is considered in detail the question of how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence from a wide range modern market.
The diagram of the BARS-Ultra deep biological treatment station is indicated. Related article:
Making this structure easy to use and clean is a major challenge. About all the nuances of construction, features of the choice of materials and types country toilets- in this article.
How do anaerobic septic tanks perform their functions?
This specific name was given to the corresponding group of equipment by the type of bacteria used to decompose waste. They are cultivated in a special environment without oxygen. The fermentation process, useful for cleaning, takes place inside the liquid.
Septic tanks of the anaerobic type can be created without aeration plants, other devices with an electric drive. This approach provides autonomy, the absence of associated energy costs. When reproducing the technology, it is imperative to follow the manufacturer's recommendations. So, in some mixtures it is necessary to regularly add a special activator (2-3 times a month). It is necessary to exclude the ingress of chlorine, antibiotics, and other chemical compounds that have a detrimental effect on microorganisms into the drains.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an aerobic septic tank
Microorganisms of this type require oxygen for active life.
In the first container, heavy fractions settle to the bottom. To increase efficiency, bacteria that do not need oxygen (anaerobic) are added here. They perform their functions slowly. It is necessary not to forget about the periodic addition of biological activators.
At the first start, the fermentation is characterized by an acid reaction with the formation of foul-smelling gases, which displace oxygen from the corresponding volume. Further, the growth of microorganisms occurs. Bottom sediments become darker. The reaction of the fermentation process becomes alkaline. Unpleasant odors disappear.
Important! Experienced specialists recommend leaving some sludge when cleaning this section of the plant. It is useful for maintaining the normal operation of the installation.
The next tank is cleaned using aerobic microorganisms. If you observe the optimal temperature regime, the speed of movement of flows, other important conditions, you can get it high efficiency(up to 98%). Such water for the ear is suitable for technical use.
For your information! The volumes of the chambers are selected in such a way as to carry out mandatory cleaning no more than once a year.
In addition to the high level of cleaning, such installations are distinguished by the absence of unpleasant odors. At correct calculations you do not have to remove accumulated impurities too often. The only drawback is energy dependence. For forced aeration and pumping, electric drives connected to a 220V network are used. Such additions complicate the system and make it more expensive compared to the simplest set of several tanks.
Important! It is imperative to study the limitations on the sensitivity of beneficial microflora to individual chemical compounds... For high-quality operation of the cleaning system, they should be prevented from entering the sewer.
Convenient modification: mini septic tank for summer cottages
This category of equipment is small in size. But when choosing mini septic tanks for a summer residence without pumping out, one must not forget about the real needs. Below is a program for accurate calculation. Approximate figures can be obtained taking into account the following facts:
- On average, one person accounts for 0.15 to 0.3 cubic meters. drains.
- For the normal functioning of the cleaning system, it is required to apply working cycles of at least three days.
- A small margin will come in handy so that there are no problems during peak loads.
This is the smallest septic tank for a summer residence in the production line of the famous domestic brand "Triton". With external dimensions 81 x 81 x 143 (Width x Depth x Height in cm), it provides a maximum capacity of 0.15 cubic meters. in 24 hours. The unit operates using anaerobic technologies, therefore, no connection to the 220 V electrical network is required. For transportation, it is enough to use a trailer or a removable roof rack on the roof of a car (product weight - 35 kg). Alone, it won't be too difficult to dig a hole to the correct size. At proper preparation you can perform all the necessary installation operations in a day.
Various septic tanks for a summer residence: which is better, prices of the domestic market, reviews
Information from the figure must be supplemented with information on the distance from a residential building (3 m), other outbuildings (1 m). In a real situation, you will have to take into account the proximity of trees and buildings on neighboring land plots.
These data confirm the need to define personal criteria when looking for the best septic tank for a summer residence. In addition to the information noted above, you should pay attention to the following data:
- The actual volume of effluents (normal / maximum).
- The possibility of careful maintenance, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
- Intended installation method (independent / with the help of specialists).
- Ground water level.
- The thickness of the earth layer above the hull and the corresponding loads.
- Ease of travel of equipment for the extraction of accumulated wastewater.
Important! The best septic tank performs its functions without unnecessary difficulties and high operating costs. For an accurate assessment, all significant factors are analyzed in combination.
Regardless of the specific form (drawing with dimensions, or a set of documentation in accordance with GOST), the materials should contain information not only about the septic tank. They indicate the number and parameters of straight pipes and other fittings, hoses and hatches for. Electric drives are equipped with overheating and surge protection devices. Submersible pumps are supplemented with convenient lifting devices for inspection and repair.
After a thorough study of all the nuances of the project, they make the necessary adjustments to the requirements for the equipment. Make up an accurate list of the main components of the system and additions, building materials, tools. This work will help to clarify the amount of future financial and labor costs.
Related article:
The article explains how to do it. Description of construction requirements supplemented with reviews efficient technologies and ready-made models with characteristics and prices. This information will help you implement your project quickly and at a reasonable cost.
The current rating of the best septic tanks for a country house
To determine which is the best septic tank for a summer residence, the current rating is supplemented with consumer reviews. Data on warranty obligations, operating instructions will come in handy.
Topas
A significant advantage of this brand is the specialized production of various treatment facilities:
| Model | Productivity, (cubic meters per day) / Permissible volume of one-time discharge (cubic meters) | price, rub. | Notes (edit) | |
 Topas-C4 | 0,8/125 | 95 x 97 x 2.5 / 215 | 78500-86500 | Compact system with one compressor. |
 Topas 4 OL | 0,8/175 | 88 x 97 x 260/225 | 95200-108900 | Equipped with two compressors for active aeration of the compartment with aerobic microorganisms. |
 Topas 8 Long OL | 3/1025 | 230 х120 х310 / 715 | 251000-268800 | Installation for large needs (up to 15 users). Such equipment is suitable for equipping large real estate objects. |
 Topol-Eco TOPAS-S 8 Ave | 1,3/- | — | 110900-115300 | Equipment for deep cleaning with five working chambers. Non-volatile execution. |
For your information! On the official website, you can buy a Topas septic tank inexpensively from the manufacturer. The price in the price list is not increased by the profit of intermediaries, so you can count on quite acceptable offers.
On a separate request, the company creates a complex type of treatment facilities, specialized sets:
- The Toplos line includes modifications:
- "Aqua" - for cleaning liquids from open reservoirs;
- "KM" - container-type plant;
- "FL" - equipment for the detention of organic matter.
- Cleaning from fatty impurities will be performed by "Toppolium".
- The Toprain kit is intended for equipping petrol stations and car workshops.
With the help of the listed products and other products of this company, you can solve specific problems with reasonable costs. When selling septic tanks Topas, delivery and installation are included in the price with turnkey installation. This data will help to clarify the volume of real investments.
Tank
Treatment facilities under this trade mark are produced by Triton Plastic. This company currently offers the following assortment country septic tanks Tank. The price in the table is as of August 2017:
| Model of the "Tank" series | Productivity, (cubic meters per day) | Length x Width x Height (cm) / Weight (kg) | Price for one / three items, rub. |
 1
| 0,6 | 120 x 100 x 170/85 | 22700/17000 |
 2
| 0,8 | 180 x 120 x 170/130 | 32800/27500 |
 2,5
| 1 | 203 x 120 x 185/140 | 37900/32500 |
 3
| 1,2 | 220 x 120 x 200/150 | 44700/39500 |
 4
| 1,8 | 360 x 100 x 170/228 | 59000/54000 |
For your information! If you choose a septic tank, the owner's reviews should be studied with a duration of operating experience for at least several seasons. This will make it possible to obtain objective information, to take into account regular additional costs in economic calculations.
The manufacturer cites the following advantages of products in this series:
- Their design is well tested in practice, taking into account the opinions of real users.
- This equipment performs its function without consuming electricity and without the associated operating costs.
- It can be installed in any soil.
- Installation is allowed without concreting the base and rigid attachment to it using anchoring.
- Good tightness is useful when the water table is high.
Important! In the official instructions, the company notes the need to remove bottom sediments during seasonal living (in the fall, before preparing the summer cottage for winter). If the property is used constantly, such a procedure is needed no more than 1 time in 5 years or less. For the decomposition of sediments, special sets of microorganisms are used.
The prices indicated for the septic tank Tank are intended for the capital and the Moscow region. Discounts are provided not only for the number of items purchased. They are valid when ordering professional installation (+12400 rubles).
Triton
The same manufacturer produces other polymer products. Under the Triton brand on domestic market the following series are presented:
- "N" - storage tanks for waste with a volume of 1000 to 27000 liters, costing 24800-426000 rubles.
- "T" - septic tanks of traditional design from three separate chambers.
- "P" - tanks for fire protection systems.
- "K" - caissons
- "PM" - devices for retaining fats for installation under the sink.
| Model of the "Triton-T" series | Tank volume, liters | Diameter x length of the tank, cm | Approximate number of users |
| 1 | 1000 | 120 x 117 | 2 |
| 1,5 | 1500 | 120 x 162 | 3 |
| 2,5 | 2500 | 120 x 252 | 5 |
| 5 | 5000 | 120 x 472 | 10 |
| 10 | 10000 | 150 x 600 | 20 |
| 12 | 12000 | 200 x 405 | — |
| 30 | 30000 | 200 x 980 | — |
Such a kit is suitable for installation in the country. The wall thickness of these products is from 10 to 15 mm, which provides good resistance to mechanical stress. Technical data are shown in the table:
| Name | Tank volume, liters | Length x Width x Height in cm | Weight, kg |
| Septic tank | 750 | 125 x 820 x 170 | 85 |
| Infiltration device | 400 | 180 x 800 x 400 | 20 |
Such a set is not difficult to transport and install on your own. V standard equipment manufacturer includes neck and caps. The infiltrator is optional. Instead, you can apply a filtering field.
Termite
Septic tanks under this brand are created by Multiplast. This company manufactures polymer products using vacuum and rotary forming technologies. Having our own design departments allows us to respond in a timely manner to market requirements. The production equipped with modern equipment ensures cost minimization and excellent quality. It is permissible to manufacture one-piece containers with a volume of up to 10 thousand liters.
The manufacturer emphasizes that only primary raw materials, high-quality polymers are used for the manufacture of cases. One-piece molding and radial end ridges help maintain structural integrity even under heavy loads. The technical characteristics of the products are checked by a series of special hydrodynamic tests.
| Model series "Termite" | Productivity, cubic meters per day | Tank volume, liters | Length x Width x Height, cm | Weight, kg | Notes (edit) |
 Accumulator 1.2 | 0,4 | 1200 | 134 x 116 x 156.5 | 80 | Storage capacity. |
 Pro 1.2 | 0,4 | 1200 | 134 x 116 x 156.5 | 80 | The most compact septic tank with additional soil cleaning. Wall thickness - up to 20 mm. |
 Transformer 1.5 S | 0,6 | 1500 | 200 x 80 x 200 | 110 | This equipment can be converted into a forced air cleaning station. Proprietary aeration kit available |
 Pro 2.5 | 1 | 2500 | 200 x 115.5 200.5 | 135 | Suitable for a family of 5. |
 Transformer 2.5 PR | 1 | 2500 | 205 x 105 x 211 | 155 | Such a septic tank can be used with a high level of groundwater. |
For your information! When buying a septic tank Termit on a turnkey basis, the price includes assembly work... But you need to make sure that these services are available for a specific region. Otherwise, you will have to organize the installation of equipment on your own.
Unilos
In the current product line, there are two series of septic tanks in a classic design:
These are complete cleaning stations that differ in the following characteristics:
- The walls of expanded polymer (polypropylene) create an insulation layer that prevents the harmful effects of changes in external temperature.
- For forced air supply, membrane technology is used here, which helps to extend the service life of the aerator to 10 years or more.
- Removal of excess silt (it is used as fertilizer) is carried out using a regular airlift.
You can purchase a suitable station, taking into account the required distance from the residential building. When designing a route, the following restrictions apply:
| Modification | Outlet depth in cm for different wastewater systems | Maximum inlet depth, cm | |
| Gravity | Forced | ||
| "Standard" | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| "Midi" | 60 | 30 | 90 |
| Long | — | — | 120 |
The price of the septic tank Unilos Astra 5 (76-83 thousand rubles) cannot be called overstated given the good consumer characteristics. This equipment provides full satisfaction of all drainage needs for a family of 4-5 people. It retains functionality during salvo discharge up to 250 liters. Electricity consumption does not exceed 60 W per hour.
Aqua-Bio
These treatment facilities are capable of processing from 0.7 to 1.5 cubic meters. drains in 24 hours (5-10 users). The case thickness increased to 25 mm allows it to withstand heavy loads without damage. The manufacturer positions its products as intended for loamy and sandy soils, areas with low groundwater levels. It offers different heights of necks in 100 mm increments, so choose the best option not difficult.
For your information! Several years ago, the manufacturer made a rebranding. Now the products of this series are called "BARS-Bio".
Poplar
| Modification | Inlet pipe depth, cm | Width x Depth x Height, cm | Processing volume per day, cubic meters | Permissible salvo discharge, l |
 3
| 80 | 112 x 106 x 212.5 | 0,65 | 180 |
 5
| 80 | 103 x 100 x 248.5 | 1 | 250 |
 10
| 80 | 192.8 x 112 x 248.5 | 2 | 790 |
 50
| 80 | 300 x 216 x 300 | 8,9 | 1900 |
 150 LONG | 140 | 400 x 482 x 300 | 24 | 4600 |
Drawing of the installation "Tver 1P" Ecopan
The production association is the oldest specialized domestic enterprise. The application of the accumulated experience in practice is manifested in good consumer characteristics and reasonable prices. All products of this type are provided with official certificates, a five-year warranty.
| Model range parameters | Units | Limit values | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of users | human | 2-15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| liters | Septic tank Ecopan
| Model range parameters | Units | Limit values | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum one-time discharge | liters | 400-3000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The amount of wastewater to be treated in 24 hours | cubic meters | Schematic diagram of a cleaning station
| Manufacturer / Model | Productivity, m3 / day | Dimensions, cm | Weight, kg | 1 | 300 x 110 x 167 | 180 | 112300 | |
 PA "Pankom" / Ecopan L5 | 1 | 255 x 144 x 164 | 210 | 97500 | ||||
 LLC "Alexis" / Leader 1 | 1 | 270 x 145 x 165 | 150 | 105000 |
For your information! When creating a septic tank for a home with your own hands, you must take into account the aggregate costs of construction and auxiliary work, the purchase of compressors and other manufactured products.
To choose the best septic tank for a summer residence, you need to correctly select its components, and then correctly mount them on the site. In our article, we will answer the question of which septic tank is best for giving.
Preliminary work
In the process of designing and laying out the foundations on the site, it is necessary to decide where and how the collection of sewage and their disposal will be carried out. Otherwise, you cannot avoid unexpected difficulties and, as a result of the spontaneous redevelopment of the future home. All this may entail an increase in the volume of construction work performed.
For collection and disposal Wastewater from the building, several ways can be used:
- Drainage of all wastewater into a centralized sewerage system settlement... In this case, the responsibility for the treatment of such wastewater falls on the aeration station. After purification, such water is discharged back into the rivers.
- If it is impossible to connect to a centralized sewage system, the homeowner has to look for other ways to collect and treat wastewater. One of them is a closed septic tank. In this case, there is no wastewater treatment. They are simply collected in one place and as the tank is filled, they are taken out by sewer trucks.
- A good degree of wastewater treatment can be achieved if an anaerobic septic tank is used, as well as a filtration drainage device. In this case, the level of wastewater treatment reaches 65-70%.
- An even greater degree of purification (up to 90-95%) can be achieved using anaerobic septic tanks in combination with a pre-purification aerobic device.
- You can completely clean the drains with a deep cleaning tool.
The conditions for the construction of an autonomous sewage system differ depending on the specific situation. The main factors influencing the choice of
The emergence of a water supply system in country houses and dachas, the improvement of toilets, kitchens and baths, the overcrowding of buildings in
To choose the best septic tank for a summer residence, you need to consider a number of factors:
- The total number of people living in the cottage.
- Dimensions of the local area and relief features.
- The degree of burial of groundwater.
- Geological features of the territory.
What should a good septic tank be made of?
Studying all kinds of septic tanks for summer cottages, and deciding which one is better, one cannot but take into account the peculiarities of the materials from which they are made. The structure itself, during operation, is exposed to serious physical influences and the influence of an aggressive environment. That is why strict requirements are imposed on the material from which the septic tank is made. Good material should not react to the influence of high humidity, be strong, in addition, its resistance to aggressive environments is important.
Concrete, brick, pvc, fiberglass or metal can be used to make the waste tank. You can choose the appropriate material yourself, depending on your financial capabilities and personal beliefs.
The brick tank can be of any shape. Choosing the best septic tank for a summer residence, you can build a round, rectangular or square tank. However, it is not the shape that is important, but the process of its construction, because you need to correctly lay the reinforcement, perform multilayer sealing with bitumen mastics, and fill the bottom correctly. For masonry, it is better to use ceramic bricks without voids. The biggest risk is the possibility of depressurization of the tank and contamination of the surrounding soil. However, if everything is done correctly, then the service life of such a septic tank reaches 30-40 years. V recent times tanks made of bricks began to be made less and less, because a lot of modern high-tech materials appeared.
The toughest septic tank is made from metal. For this, it is better to take stainless or carbon steel. However, the construction will turn out to be very heavy, so the installation is carried out using a crane. Dimensions, shape and number of chambers can be any. If you are deciding which septic tank is best to install in a country house with a high level of groundwater and frequent swelling of the soil, then the best option is a metal tank. He is not afraid of swelling, and the reservoir does not float because of the large weight. But there is one drawback - the risk of developing corrosive processes. Although the product is protected against corrosion by various compounds, its service life does not exceed 15 years.
In most cases, monolithic concrete is used for the construction of the tank. The only problem - heavy weight and the need to use specialized equipment. But thanks to this weight and strength, a septic tank made of concrete can withstand any soil pressure, its swelling. The structure can be made from concrete rings or slab products. Its service life reaches 50 years. Using bituminous mastics, fill the bottom correctly. For masonry, it is better to use ceramic bricks without voids. The biggest risk is the possibility of depressurization of the tank and contamination of the surrounding soil. However, if everything is done correctly, then the service life of such a septic tank reaches 30-40 years. Recently, brick tanks have become less and less common, because a lot of modern high-tech materials have appeared.
The know-how in this area is a plastic container for storing waste water. For the manufacture of such containers, polypropylene and polyethylene are used. If you study the reviews, then the best septic tank for giving is exactly plastic, since it is not afraid of aggressive environments. Today, such products are made of polyethylene using rotary technology. These structures are made without any welds. The container is very durable due to the presence of ribs and a special shape. The structure can be operated at temperatures from -50 to +70 degrees for 30 years.
A polypropylene tank is not as strong as a polyethylene one, but it is more resistant to aggressive environments and temperature extremes. If you want to understand which septic tanks to choose for a summer residence, and which one is better, then after reading the reviews, you will understand that most often it is polypropylene tanks that are used in combination with deep cleaning stations. The container is resistant to temperatures of 100 degrees. The tank itself has ribs and is made without welds. The service life reaches 50 years.
GRP tanks are made of fiberglass-based material mixed with various resins. Their term of use is the same as that of the containers above, the strength is very high, but the prices for this type of containers are rather big, therefore, when choosing septic tanks for a summer residence, and deciding which one is better, not everyone will choose this option due to its high cost.
Confident autostart of the generator (diesel and gasoline) - requires both technical conjugation of the conditions and nuances of the operation of a particular device with the place of its use
What is a wild filter?
In our time, you can still find summer cottages where this terrible structure is used. Basically, it is a reinforced concrete ring, a steel tank, or a row of car tires laid vertically. The structure has no bottom, and holes are made in its walls. Wastewater entering such a reservoir is filtered due to the settling of a heavy sediment to the bottom of the reservoir, and the liquid itself seeps through the holes into the ground.
As a result, after a while, the owners of the site receive contaminated water horizons and contaminated soil. This structure cannot be called the best septic tank, moreover, it should never be used. of them it is better, then after reading the reviews, you will understand that most often it is polypropylene tanks that are used in conjunction with deep cleaning stations. The container is resistant to temperatures of 100 degrees. The tank itself has ribs and is made without welds. The service life is up to 50 years. FRP tanks are made of fiberglass-based material mixed with various resins. Their term of use is the same as that of the containers above, the strength is very high, but the prices for this type of containers are rather big, therefore, when choosing septic tanks for a summer residence, and deciding which one is better, not everyone will choose this option because of its high cost.
Installation begins after construction preparation buildings, grooves and niches must be made, pierced or left necessary
Branch lines are installed after laying the risers. The assembly is carried out from tees or crosses on the riser in the direction
A drainless tank for collecting sewage water
The usual cesspools will soon sink into oblivion. This is not surprising, because they cause a lot of trouble, are dangerous to others, emit a stench and lead to unsanitary conditions. Instead of them, end-to-end septic tanks are increasingly used - special containers for waste and wastewater. All sewage from the cottage through the pipe system enters the tank and, as it is filled, is removed by sewage trucks. Due to the presence of a sealed hatch, any odors do not escape to the outside. And to transform the effluent into sludge, special bacteria are added to the tank.
More often this option of a septic tank is suitable for intermittent use, but sometimes it can be used on an ongoing basis. These situations include:
- With a small volume of wastewater, it makes no sense to install a more powerful structure.
- If the terrain and geology of the site prevent the use of local treatment facilities.
- Sometimes the construction of a full-fledged septic tank is unprofitable for economic reasons.
Benefits of using a closed septic tank:
- Can be used chemicals for cleaning sewers, which are not advised to use when using cleaning devices of this type.
- It is possible to leave the house for an extended period, since there is no need for regular use, as is the case with deep cleaning facilities.
The disadvantages of using a drainless device are the need to constantly check its filling and promptly call sewage brigades.
Anaerobic cleaning device
After reading the forum, you can draw conclusions about which septic tank is better for giving. Very often an anaerobic purifier is the best choice. The main condition for its use is the sufficient dimensions of the personal plot. This will adhere to all required gaps between structures, as well as filter embankment and field.
Primary wastewater treatment is carried out in the device, but besides it, there are other devices of the treatment system. During the initial purification, heavy particles settle to the bottom of the septic tank and sediment is formed. In a septic tank, under the action of special bacteria, the sediment decomposes into dissolving and non-dissolving. In the course of the ongoing reaction, some of the substances float up. A ventilation pipe is used to remove gases. The rest of the liquid, purified by 70 percent, from the septic tank through the drainage system enters the field for filtration and goes through the embankment into the ground.
Usually the tank is equipped with an additional filter. It allows you to remove particles from wastewater that remain after settling. Such a device is attached at the outlet of the container. The septic tank is equipped with a hatch for its maintenance and cleaning of sediment.
Aerobic post-treatment septic tank
These devices can be used on small areas, since it is not required to construct a filtration field and an embankment. After reading reviews about which septic tank is better to install in the country, you will understand that this device is not cheap, therefore it is more suitable for country house, not for giving. In addition, the septic tank will function only with a constantly working electrical network. However, these complexities ensure that the effluent is treated as efficiently as possible.
Outwardly, the device is very similar to a pre-cleaner. This is a blank container, which is divided into several compartments. One compartment contains a frame with colonies of aerobic bacteria. They cause decomposition of organic compounds in waste water. However, bacteria need oxygen to function. It is supplied to the septic tank using a compressor and is distributed over the tank by a diffuser. As a result of waste processing, sludge is formed, which settles at the bottom of the tank. As a result, the drains are so cleaned that you can water your garden or wash your car with this water. For convenience, the device is equipped with a control unit. This makes it possible to regulate and check the wastewater treatment process.
Features of use
Having chosen septic tanks for a summer residence (which is better "TANK" or "TOPAS", it is up to you to decide), you need to operate them correctly. As for drainless devices, then Special attention you need to pay attention to the tightness of the container and its filling. If the container overflows, the liquid will pour out of the septic tank and contaminate the soil around, and the air will be filled with an unpleasant odor. In addition, there is a risk of sewage back into the house, as well as the risk of freezing in the winter.
If you are using local treatment facilities, then you need to control the regular removal of sludge. This is usually done once every 6 months, but at least once every two years. In addition, once every six months, you need to clean and rinse the filter with water.
If there is a distribution well with a drainage device, it must be systematically cleaned of sediment and inspected. They also check the serviceability of various mechanisms. It is also important to protect local systems from the ingress of solvents into them, colorants, fats and pesticides.
If the septic tank has not been used for a long time, then it is worth resuming its work by pouring a special biological composition into the opening of the toilet bowl or sink. In the event of an emergency, you should call the flushers to clean the system, and then contact the team of specialists for the repair of this equipment.
Proper ventilation of the septic tank
According to the standards, all non-flowing septic tanks must be equipped with ventilation devices that are removed half a meter above the ground level. The most effective pipe is the one that comes out directly above the tank or not far from it. Usually diameter ventilation pipe should be equal to 10-11 cm. Sometimes such a pipe is sold in conjunction with a reservoir.
As a rule, effective ventilation of a septic tank can only be carried out in conjunction with ventilation sewer system building. Air in local treatment facilities is directed in the opposite direction from wastewater. Fresh air it is sucked through the septic tank ventilation duct and, passing through the septic tank, takes gases from it and moves into the sewer system of the house and leaves the house through the ventilation duct of this system. This pipe must rise above the roof of the house by at least 60 cm.
Calculation of the septic tank capacity
To calculate the volume of wastewater, you need to know the volume of water consumption per person per day. Typically, for houses with a bathroom and a boiler, this value is 120-200 liters per inhabitant. To calculate the volume of a septic tank, a three-day supply is taken into account. It is equal to 0.6 m³. It should be borne in mind that the settling of water occurs within two weeks from the moment they enter the septic tank.
Thus, we get that the capacity of the closed septic tank should be equal to 2.8 m³. As a result, for a family of four people a septic tank with a volume of 11.2 m³ will be required. But if we consider that all the standard volumes are taken with a large margin, then a septic tank with a capacity of 6-8 m³ will be enough for a family of four. But it is worth considering that a decrease in the volume of a septic tank will have a bad effect on the quality of cleaning.
Where to place a septic tank?
Choosing septic tanks for a summer residence, you can study many photos. But in order to understand which one is better, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of its placement. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only the dimensions of the structure itself, but also the required sanitary breaks on the site.
The most suitable area for the installation of a local treatment plant is a flat area with low groundwater levels and porous soils. In such an area, only a primary septic tank and a filtration drainage device can be installed. If the territory of your site does not fit the listed requirements, then you can choose another treatment device, for example, make an embankment for filtration, use a collector well with a sand filter, or install a septic tank with an aerobic post-treatment.
According to regulations, sealed wastewater collection tanks can be located close to the building. In this case, the shortest path for the pipeline is selected. Such placement is possible subject to availability ventilation system septic tank. If it is not there, then the distance from the house to the septic tank should be at least 5 m. The same distance is used for the construction of a drainage well.
In addition, there are other requirements for the placement of a septic tank:
- It can be placed at a distance of at least 15 m from drinking water wells.
- The septic tank should be at a distance of at least three meters from the border of the site.
- When passing a pipe with water or gas through the territory of the section, the distance to the septic tank should be at least 1.5 m.
- The distance from electrical cables to the septic tank is taken to be at least 80 cm.
The drainage field is made with an area of 30-90 m², depending on the number of people living in the house. Filtration fields are best performed on sands, loamy soils or sandy loam. The clay layer is previously removed. If a large output of treated wastewater is planned, then a small pond with birches is arranged along its bank. This type of tree consumes a lot of water, which will prevent the reservoir from overflowing.
Removal of drains
After examining various septic tanks for a summer residence, and deciding which one is better, you can watch a video on the network about the rules for installing septic tanks. But besides this, it is important to properly clean these devices. Even local treatment facilities, as well as closed-drain tanks, need regular cleaning. Moreover, the drainless tank is cleaned as it is filled, but the primary treatment septic tanks can be emptied once a year.
When placing a septic tank on the site, you need to take into account the possibility of a free access to it for a sewage machine. However, in some cases, such an entry cannot be made, therefore quick couplings are used. They are attached to the septic tank and are removed in the area of the fence located near the road. To clean the septic tank, the hose is attached to the coupling, and the car does not need to drive into the area. This is very convenient, because cleaning can be done even at a time when the owners are away from home.
In small areas, you can use a special sleeve, so the entrance is not necessary. Please note that the longest sleeve can be up to 50 m.
For the regular removal of sewage, the owner of the house concludes an agreement with a company engaged in the removal of liquid waste. In this case, the amount for one departure of the car is fixed and does not depend on the amount of liquid sewage. But some organizations charge a price per cubic meter of waste. So that you do not have to pay for two car trips, choose the volume of the septic tank based on the volume of the tank on the car of the sewer. Usually it is equal to 4.5-11.5 cubic meters.
Biological reagents for septic tanks
Thanks to the use of biological products, it is possible to minimize the volume of effluents and reduce the volume of liquid waste for pumping out by sewers. These drugs help to reduce unpleasant odors, kill pathogenic bacteria. Also, due to their use, it is possible to increase the service life of the cesspool. Biological products remove organic build-ups in the pipes, which contributes to the productive work of the septic tank.
To choose a suitable biological product, it is worth considering the following points:
- The effectiveness of their use.
- Expiration date.
- A good drug always has clear and simple instructions for its use.
- The sellers must have a certificate of quality.
Any private house needs sewerage, however, it is not always possible to connect to the central sewerage collector. Therefore, the only way out is to build or install a septic tank (treatment plant), which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost pure water and harmless sludge. In this article, we will talk about the principles of operation of various treatment plants, give a rating of the most popular and effective models, and also tell you how to determine the best septic tank for your home or summer cottage. We offer our 2017 ranking.
The principle of operation of a modern septic tank
All modern septic tanks work according to the same principle - bacteria multiply in the primary chamber, which process any organic matter into sludge that settles to the bottom. This process takes place with a minimum amount of oxygen, just like in a swamp, where any organic matter quickly decomposes. Partially purified water enters the second chamber, where the whole process is repeated, but with big amount oxygen. Then the water enters the third chamber, where the final purification takes place - the last residues of organic matter turn into silt and settle to the bottom, and industrial water comes out of the chamber, suitable for watering a garden or dumping into a river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.
Sometimes septic tanks are equipped various devices that increase the efficiency of cleaning, for example, aerators that fill the contents of the chamber with air bubbles, due to which the decay processes are sharply activated. Also, some of the septic tanks are equipped with a pump that supplies purified water upstairs, thanks to which it is used for watering the garden.
Main characteristics
Here is a list of the main characteristics of septic tanks that must be considered when choosing them:
- productivity per day;
- salvo discharge;
- sizes;
- price;
- power supply.
Productivity shows how much waste water a septic tank can process per day. Waste means any liquid substances coming out of the sewer system of the house, including the drain. washing machine or water from the bathroom. It is generally accepted that a person consumes an average of 200 liters of water per day, therefore, the performance of a septic tank is determined based on the standard and the maximum number of residents. However, in summer cottages, where the water supply is not very good, the consumption is much lower, up to 10-15 liters per person.
The term volley discharge means the maximum amount of water that can enter the sewer after some action, for example, draining from a bathtub or washing machine. If the actual salvo discharge exceeds that provided for by the design of the septic tank, then part of the poorly treated sewage effluent will escape.
One more important parameter- dimensions, because the septic tank has to be placed underground and the larger it is, the greater the amount of land work. How much effort is required for its delivery and installation depends on the weight of the unit. Lightweight plastic models can even be brought into the roof rack of a car and loaded / unloaded by two people. Delivery of heavy models will require a truck with a loader crane, while installation may require a full crane.
The cost is often decisive parameter so you often have to choose the best from the worst. Another one important characteristic- power supply, because the efficiency of volatile units is almost half as high. Non-volatile devices, even those consisting of three chambers, cannot completely remove odor from the water, so it must be drained into a drainage pit or drainage fields. In addition, every 15–20 years, sand or crushed stone from these fields must be completely replaced, because it is all saturated with an unpleasant-smelling silt. If you do not change the sand or crushed stone, then within a radius of 20–40 meters from the drainage pit or drainage fields, you will feel a faint smell of sewage.
List of the best 2017 with prices
Since the efficiency of the treatment plant directly depends on its type and partially on the model, we divided all units into volatile and non-volatile. After all, both of them find their customers and it is incorrect to compare their characteristics. Therefore, the comparison will be only within its own class. In addition, not all devices include models with a large salvo discharge or high productivity, so all small treatment plants are also brought into a separate class.
Volatile
- Tver;
- Leader;
- Topas.
Tver- this is a whole range of devices that differ in size and performance, but inside are arranged the same. They consist of six horizontal chambers connected by overflow holes. Several chambers are equipped with plastic ruffs that break large organic fragments into small pieces and facilitate their decomposition. The efficiency of water purification is 95–98%; replaceable floats with chlorine reagents are installed in the last chamber, which disinfect the water at the outlet. The body is made of durable polymers (polypropylene), therefore it is lightweight and extremely durable.
The smallest unit Tver-0.35 has a capacity of 0.35 cubic meters per day and is able to withstand a salvo discharge of 110 liters of water. On the official website of the manufacturer, the cost of a septic tank Tver of this model is 65 thousand rubles... Such a septic tank is ideal for giving due to its low price and size. The more efficient model Tver-0.75NPNM provides a capacity of 0.75 cubic meters per day, and also withstands a salvo discharge of 225 liters of water. This model is equipped with two pumps, one of which supplies purified water to the discharge point, and the other provides the supply of sewage, so that this device can work, even being above the level of the domestic sewage system. The price of this model 120 thousand rubles and, she's good for small house... In the line of treatment plants Tver there are more powerful devices, the capacity of which reaches 3 cubic meters per day, and the salvo discharge is 1800 liters. The cost of such a powerful unit 350 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for multi-family cottages or small dormitories with up to 30 people.
Leader Is a family of sewage treatment plants, made according to a six-chamber scheme and differing in size, price and performance. Plastic brushes, located in two chambers, grind coarse organic matter, improving its decomposition, and the airlift collects sediment from all chambers and pumps it into a receiver, from where the sludge must be removed every year. The body is made of low pressure polyethylene, therefore it is lightweight and has good strength. The cost of the smallest septic tank Leader (model 0.4) on the official website is 76 thousand rubles... This device provides a capacity of up to 0.5 cubic meters per day and is capable of withstanding a salvo discharge of 400 liters. Therefore, the Leader-0.4 treatment system is well suited for summer cottages and small houses where no more than two people live. The largest and most productive model Leader-3N costs 200 thousand rubles and provides a capacity of up to 3 cubic meters per day, and the salvo discharge reaches 3 thousand liters of water. By special order, the Leader company can manufacture more powerful septic tanks of this type.
Topas Is a sewage treatment plant built according to a four-chamber scheme. The transfer of purified water from one chamber to another does not occur by gravity, but with the help of an airlift, therefore the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. The power outage blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant drawback, outweighing the very deep wastewater treatment (almost 98%). Depending on the model, the purified water can be discharged either by gravity or with the help of a built-in pump. The smallest model of the septic tank Topas-4 processes up to 0.8 cubic meters of sewage per day and withstands a salvo discharge of 175 liters. The cost of the model is 73 thousand rubles... On the official website of the manufacturer, the price of the most expensive septic tank Topas-150 is 920 thousand rubles... This station cleans up to 24 cubic meters of wastewater per day and withstands a salvo discharge of 4.5 thousand liters.
Non-volatile
- Tank;
Tank Is a family of wastewater treatment plants operating on the same principle and arranged in a modular design. - basic two-chamber unit, which provides relatively good sewage treatment. The cleaning efficiency is increased by adding special reagents that improve the work of bacteria and increase their number. The connection of several blocks increases the cleaning efficiency, which reaches 75%, but if you use reagents, then even the base unit is able to clean the sewage by 75-80%. Tank-1 is capable of processing up to 600 liters per day, and the salvo discharge is 110 liters. The cost of the septic tank Tank-1 on the official website is 28 thousand rubles and it is well suited for a house or a summer residence where no more than three people live. Septic tank Tank-2 built on a three-chamber scheme, so it cleans wastewater better than the previous model.
However, without the use of reagents, it is unable to compete with volatile devices. Models 2, 2.5 and 3 are made according to the same scheme, therefore, they provide a cleaning quality of 80%. The use of reagents raises this parameter to 85–90%. On the official website of the manufacturer, the price of septic tanks Tank of these models is 33–45 thousand rubles. Provide capacity from 800 to 1200 liters per day, and salvo discharge is 150-200 liters. The most powerful and efficient model Tank-4, consists of three basic blocks and even without the use of reagents provides a filtration efficiency of 85 percent. The productivity of this model is 1.8 cubic meters per day, salvo discharge is 300 liters, and the cost 59 thousand rubles.
Is a small three-chamber device that provides a cleaning efficiency of 75–80%. The advantage of this type of treatment plant is its low weight and affordable price. The performance of the Septic Tank Triton depends on the model and is 0.5-15 cubic meters per day, a salvo discharge is 100-1000 liters, and the price on the official website is from 24,5 before 630 thousand rubles... The design of the device allows the installation of drainage pumps, and the use of special reagents increases the cleaning efficiency up to 90%.
BCS- these are sewage treatment plants made according to a three-chamber scheme. All the movement of the sewer masses occurs by gravity, therefore the septic tank of the booster compressor station, intended for a house or a summer residence, does not need electricity. You can increase cleaning efficiency and reduce the depth required to ensure the correct slope by installing drain pumps that are not included in the package. The smallest model DKS-10 weighs 27 kilograms and processes up to 200 liters per day, while the salvo discharge is 70 liters. This model stands 22 thousand rubles th.
Due to its low weight and price, the DKS septic tank is well suited for a summer cottage or a house where one person lives. The model range of DKS treatment plants includes devices of various capacities and prices. The most powerful and expensive septic tank DKS-25 processes up to 750 liters per day and withstands a salvo discharge of 250 liters, as stated on the company's official website. The cost of this model 44 thousand rubles... Some DKS septic tanks support direct connection of the drain pump, it will have to be adapted to the rest of the devices of this series, which will require a separate drive.
Small septic tanks
- Microbe;
Is a small-sized device operating on the principle of a cesspool. Sewage drains enter a single chamber, where organic fragments either go to the bottom or remain on the surface, and relatively purified water from the middle part of the chamber goes to the infiltrate, from where it enters the ground. The cost of the Triton Micro septic tank on the official website is 9 thousand rubles, productivity is up to 150 liters per day, and salvo discharge is not more than 20 liters.
Microbe Is a series of primitive purification devices operating on the principle of a one- or two-chamber septic tank. The most popular model is 450, which is a single-chamber device that provides a minimum level of wastewater treatment. On the official website, the price of a septic tank Microbe 450 is 12400 rubles, and the capacity is declared at 150 liters per day. There is no information about the size of the salvo discharge.
Output
We talked about the work of cleaning devices and the main parameters that affect their choice. Therefore, now you know that the answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a house or summer cottage depends on many conditions. It is also impossible to say unequivocally which is better - a volatile or non-volatile septic tank, because most often the choice has to be made at a price. Because not everyone can pay 60 or more thousand on a good volatile unit (albeit not corresponding in performance), while a very good non-volatile septic tank will cost 20-40 thousand rubles.