When to mow oats in the garden. Bury oats and rye - you will take a big harvest

Competent farming is a whole science. Buying a large land plot and planting some kind of crop on it does not at all mean getting good harvest and earn a lot of money. In the agro-industrial complex, every little thing and detail is important, because agricultural crops require a special approach and care, and the land that gives them nutrients for growth and development needs processing no less than living crops.

If you are the proud owner land plot, no matter how big or small it is, and you regularly plant something on it, the following information is for you. needs constant enrichment, because it can be depleted and lose its fertility. There are artificial methods, and there are plants that can rid the topsoil of and improve its mineral composition. These plants include the familiar to all of us oats. Let's find out in more detail how oats can help, when and how to sow them how - or, and what to do with grown plants.

Why sow green manure

Grown not for food and not for sale. These are plants with special chemical composition which can recover depleted by other plants and prepare it for the next harvest season. They are not collected or prepared.

Such plants are plowed into the ground shortly before the start of their flowering- when the green stems have the most other important elements.

Important! A crop such as dries out a lot during growth, so using oats as a green manure after sowing will not work - it will either take too much water during or dry out before it blooms. But before sowing it is very profitable- the stems of this juicy, nutritious and retain moisture in the soil.

Their stems quickly gain the so-called green mass, which, after plowing, will turn into, and the extensive root system captures all the upper layers of the soil, not allowing it to germinate. Those grasses that manage to germinate do not receive enough light because of the thick green manure cover and eventually die. In addition, the green manure root system penetrates well, improving the flow of melt and rainwater, oxygen into it, and also protects the fertile layer from blowing away in those regions where strong winds prevail.

Oats as green manure: what are the advantages and disadvantages

In addition to crops often grown as green manure, barley and oats are also very popular. Oats belong to one of the most ancient cereal crops; people planted it in the spring and before winter as green manure, when there was no wheat yet.

The value of oats is as follows:

Protein mass. Its stems are especially nutritious - they contain a lot of valuable protein, much more than and.
Mineral composition. There is less nitrogen in oats than in rye, but there is plenty of nitrogen in it. It enriches viscous clay soils.
Aeration. This cereal has a powerful root system- it loosens dense soil with powerful roots and, in addition to enrichment, guarantees oxygen enrichment.
strengthening. On the contrary, this root system binds loose, unsteady soils, so this cereal is good for any type of soil.
Herbicidal properties. Growing up, this cereal forms dense plantings, its stems are located close to each other, so none can appear between this culture - it simply drowns them out.
unpretentiousness. This cereal is completely undemanding to the soil, it grows on loam, black soil, peat bogs, clay and sandy soils. A farmer's dream!
yield. Based on one hundred square meters, the yield of this crop gives a mass equal to 100 kg of high quality.

Did you know? For the first time, oats were included in the international classification of cereals in 1753, although it has been known to farmers for thousands of years. They attributed it to the Bluegrass family because of the beautiful tassels in which flowers appear and grains ripen.

Each farmer attributes his own to the disadvantages of oats:

A small amount of green mass. Perhaps, in the spring, for depleted lands, one oat will not be enough as green manure, but this crop is suitable for maintaining the area where it is produced and well looked after.
Little nitrogen in the composition. Due to the fact that there is not very much nitrogen in this cereal, it has to be sown where alfalfa is already growing or, and then two crops are plowed at once at the same time.
Need in low temperatures and frequent irrigation. Oats love shade, coolness and plentiful. For regions with a cold climate and damp spring, it is suitable, and in hot weather, on the contrary, it withers and dries.

As you can see, the advantages of this green manure quantitatively outweigh its disadvantages.

Growing features

There are several secrets, knowing which, you can grow oats with a large green mass and a strong root system, without tiring the soil. planted in different time cereal will give different nutritional values, on which the next year's harvest will depend.

Which crops are best to sow

Let's just say - cereals should not be sown before cereals. Therefore, if you are planning to lay a field, oats or wheat, this green manure will not suit you. It is not yet advisable to sow oats in the area where it will grow later. under the name "" affects both oat green manure crops and plantings, and this lack of cereal outweighs all its advantages. So that the root crop does not disappear, use it before another green manure.

If you grew up on the field last year, and this year you are planning a crop shift, oats, on the contrary, will be useful - it will destroy the residues in the soil. For all other crops, this cereal will feed the soil well, so feel free to plant bushes in the enriched land, sweet different varieties as well as sockets.

When and how to sow green manure

It is a cold-resistant and moisture-loving cereal. Therefore, it must be sown in a cold, damp time, best in October. As soon as the last crop is harvested from the fields, and the soil is not yet flooded with autumn rains, the seeds are applied to the ground. This cereal will not tolerate frosts, therefore, if winter is planned early, it is better to transfer the sowing to spring. If there are thirty or forty free days before frosts, the cereal will have time to gain the necessary green mass and become good - to rot and rot under the snow.

Spring sowing of green manure depends solely on the weather. In warm regions, the laying of seeds begins in February, when melt water. If the winter is cold and long, oats are used as green manure at the end of March, as the frosts recede. Then just a month remains before the ripening of the stems, plowing the soil and planting crops. It is possible to enrich the soil with this green manure until September inclusive - for early and late crops. Then a monthly break is made and autumn sowing is carried out under the snow.
Before you put the seeds into the soil, treat them with a weak solutionto remove all pathogenic microflora from them and increase germination. Soak the seeds in the solution for twenty minutes and wash them under running water. It is most convenient to use gauze - the seeds do not drain with water and are well washed. The earth will have to be loosened and cleaned of old tops - it needs peace and a lot of air. Apply seeds in random order, in bulk, do not lay rulers and beds.

On a hundred square meters of land, you should take about 2 kg of oat seeds. The main thing is to distribute them evenly so that there are no bald spots in the crops. If the soil is dry, it is recommended to water it from, but always with a sprayer so that the earth does not become dense and knocked down.

Did you know? In total, the oat genus includes twenty-two names. Of these, only threeuseful and cultivated crops. The remaining nineteen are considered malicious

Phacelia has a lot of advantages. The period from sowing to readiness is 45 days. For such short term succeed:
penetrate the roots into the ground by 20 cm,
grow branched stems and fragrant flowers appear. The soil becomes loose, enriched with potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen. After phacelia, you can sow and plant any vegetables.

Phacelia is cold-resistant, it is not afraid of small frosts. During the season, you can grow 3 of its generations. She is an excellent honey plant and good food for animals. The nectar of phacelia flowers attracts entomophagous insects that destroy eggs and larvae of pests. Phacelia grows well in the shade, such as around an apple or pear tree. She is not afraid of drought, oppresses weeds.

Planting phacelia in a mixture with legumes is more effective.

Radish green manure

Well suited for sowing in beds that are free by August, for example, after early potatoes. Grows on any soil. A small consumption of seeds, quickly sprouts (in 4-7 days). Cold-resistant - has time to grow if sown later. Flowering 30-45 days after germination, it is better to mow before flowering.

As a green manure, oil radish is sown in rows, 15 cm between seeds. Seeds are consumed 2-3 g per 1 sq.m, they are planted to a depth of 2-4 cm.

Rye green manure

Winter green manure rye is well suited, sown late in summer or autumn - from mid-August to the end of September. It tolerates winter well and early in spring, continues to build up green mass and roots. Two weeks before planting crops, the overgrown green mass is cut with a flat cutter and embedded in the soil. Usually they do this in May, when the greens grow 40-50 cm, but are still tender, and not straw. They are used for rotting in the upper soil layer, but not for mulch. It is good to add ashes, pour or / and, or at least water. After 2-3 weeks, you can plant vegetables.

Winter green manure rye grows well on any soil, even on very poor ones, which makes it a competitor to other siderates. Gives a lot of organic matter, but does not fix nitrogen in the soil.

Rye attracts with its cheap seeds. Sow in rows, with a distance of about 15 cm, to a depth of 3-4 cm. Or scatter the seeds evenly over the surface, covering them with a rake. For 100 square meters of land, the consumption of seeds is about 1.5 kg.

Rye is often sown to eradicate weeds. The roots are branched, fibrous, seizing the soil in the surface layer like a net. So for two or three years of growing rye on the site of wheatgrass may disappear. However, rye is powerless against field bindweed.

The wireworm likes to settle in the roots of rye. Therefore, it is better to sow rye after potatoes, but not vice versa.

Rye moisture-loving plant, it dries out the soil. Therefore, it needs regular watering.

Lupine green manure

About 200 species of lupine are known, 4 species are cultivated in Russia - 1 perennial and 3 annuals.

Description of lupine

Lupine has a developed tap root system. central root penetrates 1-2 m deep. Nodules of bacteria located on the roots fix nitrogen from the air.

Grown as a green manure lupine annual, because it develops faster than many years. Three types of annual lupine are grown - white, yellow and narrow-leaved. Seeds of an annual lupine the size of peas.

As a siderate Lupine angustifolia is preferred. Its roots take nutrition mainly from the lower layers of the soil, therefore it does not impoverish the upper layers.

Many of the varieties Lupine white little suitable as siderate.

Lupine yellow it is more thermophilic, the temperature for germination is 10-14°C. Withstands frosts down to -5 °, more demanding on lighting and watering. Prefers sandy, sandy, neutral soils.

Various soils are suitable for lupine, except for peaty and heavy loams.

Lupine siderat dignity:

✔ Powerful root system.
✔ Loosens the soil and enriches it with nitrogen.
✔ Effective for poor, sandy and sandy soils hyperacidity. Moreover, acidic soil may become more alkaline.
✔ Helps fight wireworm, suppresses harmful bacteria.
✔ High yield by green mass.
✔ Fast growing. Already 50 days after sowing, you can get the maximum return on organic matter.
✔ Do not need special care.

Planting green manure lupine

Usually lupine is sown as green manure in the spring, in the second half of May.

Seeds are sown to a depth of 2.5-4 cm in rows every 15-25 cm with distances in a row from 5 to 15 cm. Consumption of seeds per 1 weave is 1.5-3 kg. Seeds planted at a sufficient depth, during germination shed the shell (it remains in the ground). Seeds are scarified for better germination - mechanically damage the shell.

Usually, about 2 months after sowing, immediately after flowering or the appearance of pods, the roots are cut with a flat cutter, the greens are slightly mixed with the soil. Watered with either / and, or at least water. If you are late with embedding, when the pods are already ripe and darkened, you should mow the greens and put them in compost. At this age, the stems become stiff and therefore do not decompose well. If it doesn’t work out, then the greens are mowed and left like that until spring.

After sowing, lupines grow slowly at first and weeds usually need to be controlled. It is often planted under cover crops such as oats. After mowing green oats, lupine is already actively growing. So it turns out two crops of green manure in one area.

Oats green manure

Oats are a very popular side-oat.

Oats siderat advantages:

✔ Saturates the soil with organic matter, potassium, phosphorus and (to a lesser extent) nitrogen. One crop of green manure oats is equal to 200 kg of manure on an area of one hundred square meters.
✔ If you sow oats and legumes, usually a vetch-oat mixture, then the nitrogen content in the soil increases.
✔ Well loosens the soil and improves its structure (thanks to the fibrous root system). Therefore, it is especially good for heavy soil.
✔ A good weed killer (all cereals have this property), thanks to the dense covers of oats. during the season, you can free the site from weeds.
✔ Good predecessor for everyone horticultural crops(excluding cereals) agricultural crops. However, the wireworm loves both potatoes and cereals, so it is not recommended to sow oats before or after potatoes. However, after potatoes, oats can be good in the fight against potato scab, nematodes, fungal diseases, root rot.
✔ Oats are unpretentious, grow well on almost any soil

When to sow green manure oats in spring

They sow oats in the mud - from mid-April.
If you missed sowing in the spring, then in the middle climatic zone you can sow until mid-September.
The culture is moisture-loving, therefore, in case of drought, it is necessary to provide watering.

Seed treatment of oats

Before sowing, the seeds are treated with potassium permanganate - soak for 20 minutes in a 1% solution, then rinse with cold water.

How to sow oat seeds

Green manure is sown in bulk or in rows (on small area), into loosened and weed-free aochva. Seed consumption when sowing in rows - 1 kg per hundred square meters. When sowing in bulk - or 1.6 - 2.0 kg per hundred square meters. Seeds are planted to a depth of 3-4 cm - it is enough to harrow with a rake.

When to mow green manure oats

Early sowing of oats gives early harvest plant mass. They begin to mow the greens after 40 days (shoots are already about 15-20 cm high). Before mowing oats, it is worth, first of all, to focus on the timing of planting garden crops. If there is a spring planting after green manure oats, then it is necessary to mow and embed into the soil, like other green manure, no later than two weeks before planting.

After seedlings are planted in the soil, watering must be provided for their rapid decomposition. To avoid souring of greenery in the soil, you should not close up a large amount of it (in a thick layer). Excess greens can be laid in compost heap or for mulch (or for animal feed).

Materials used: vsesideraty.ru/rozh-kak-siderat/
himagroprom.ru/vopros/14/76/

Green manure is one of the better ways enrich the soil with organic matter, which will begin to work in the first year. For this purpose, various crops from different families are sown. Oats perform well as green manure, both in pure form and in mixtures with other components.

V agriculture busy couples have been used for a long time, since this is a way not only to give a break to the earth after many years of its use, but also to enrich the soil with organic matter without losing mineral elements. This is achieved due to the fact that everything used by the plant for development and growth comes back, but in transformed forms. In addition, the benefits of green manure are manifested in the following:

Improving the physiological properties of the soil. Thus, the root system of legumes loosens heavy soils many meters deep, and the fibrous roots of cereals strengthen the structure of the surface layers, which are subjected to the maximum impact from year to year.
Erosion protection. Vegetation on the surface saves the soil from the harmful effects of water flows, especially on the slopes, dust storms. Due to this, the most fertile layer of the earth remains on the site.
Overheat protection. It is known that the temperature on the surface of pure vapors on hot days exceeds 50°C, which slows down all ongoing processes and kills some microorganisms. The shadow created by green manure contributes to a significant decrease in soil temperature.
Improvement of the phytosanitary condition. Dense vegetation inhibits the development of weeds, the root secretions of some plants repel certain pests, and also reduce the risk of disease infection. which you are going to plant after planting green manure in the soil.

Oats as a crop

In nature, it grows both annuals and perennial species oats, however, the second is not widely used. This is a representative of cereals, forming a loose bush with a height of leafy stems up to 120 cm. It belongs to early crops and is grown everywhere in temperate climates. The purpose of sowing can be both for grain and as a green manure.

Oats easily tolerate low positive temperatures, which allows them to be sown in early spring when the soil reaches physiological maturity. It is quite moisture-loving, especially during seed germination (hence the saying about sowing oats in the mud), therefore, in dry conditions, seedlings are sparse, and later the plants do not form a dense vegetative mass. This is a light-loving crop, it is not demanding on the type of soil, however, on less fertile soils, the tillering coefficient and stalk are lower. Therefore, in growing conditions poor in nutrients, it is recommended to increase the seeding rate, especially if the purpose of cultivation is green manure.

Benefits of oats

Oats have been used as a green manure crop in agriculture for a long time. This choice of plant is explained by its effect on the soil and on the subsequent crop:

It is a good predecessor for most crops grown. he has practically no common diseases and pests with anyone. True, this does not apply to plants of the same family. You also need to consider the population of click beetles if you plan to plant potatoes in a fertilized area, since an increase in numbers is possible after oats. But tubers with such a predecessor will no longer suffer from scab.
The fibrous root system well strengthens light soils and loosens heavy ones. And the embedded green mass makes the soil more moisture- and air-intensive.
Together with the vegetative mass of the cereal, a rather large amount of phosphorus and potassium enters the ground. According to their content, biomass is comparable to manure. There are fewer nitrogen compounds in this organic matter. The number of elements can be adjusted by the age of the plants. The older it is, the more potassium it contains, while nitrogen prevails in young organs.
Oats - goes well with other crops. Especially often a mixture of it with legumes (vetch, fodder peas and others) is sown. they enrich the soil with the missing element in the cereal, and the stems of the main plant serve as a support for them.
Cereals are very good at clearing the soil of weeds, since their dense stems show better competitiveness than vegetables. And the undesirable vegetation that survives does not have time to form seeds before the biomass is cut.

When to sow oats as green manure

In order to determine the timing of green manure sowing, several parameters must be taken into account. Early maturity makes it possible to sow cereals both in early spring before planting the main crop, and in autumn after harvesting. In both cases, the oats have time to form a sufficient above-ground mass for the organic matter to give a noticeable increase in yield.
Seeds are sown in a scattered way, followed by embedding with a rake or in beds. The consumption rate is 15 g / m2, while the method of continuous sowing implies an increase in the amount of seed by 1.5-2 times. Sowing in autumn also leads to an increase in this indicator. When preparing a bean-cereal mixture, the percentage of oats is reduced to 40%.

If you decide to sow a green manure crop on your site, pay attention to the moisture content of the growing conditions. Plants spend a considerable amount of moisture during the period of growth and development, so if you often suffer from droughts, then only the use of green fertilizers with irrigation or sowing after harvesting the main crop is acceptable. Autumn sowing is also preferable if the main crop is planted too early, which prevents the oats from forming a dense mass.

In general, it is mowing after 35-40 days when it reaches a height of 20 cm. At the same time, at least 2 weeks must pass between the incorporation of green manure and the planting of the main crop for the stems to begin the decomposition process. To speed it up, you can add specialized means or ammonium nitrate.

Green manure fertilizer is one of the simplest organic fertilizers, which, in addition to its direct purpose, performs a number of other functions. Oats are the most common plant used for this purpose. In addition, its seeds are in maximum availability.

Each plant "treats" the earth in its own way. What is the peculiarity of oats as green manure?

Firstly, it perfectly enriches the earth with potassium, so oats are suitable green manure for tomatoes, eggplant, strawberries and other crops interested in shock doses of potassium. Second, it's cheap. Thirdly, oats are green manure, unpretentious to soils. And a lot of other good things can be said about oats as a green manure. However, not only good, because universal plants do not exist in principle (we talked about this in detail in the article). Therefore, before how to sow oats as green manure learn more about it right now.

Oats as green manure: what is special

Oats as green manure (however, like other cereal green manure crops - barley, rye) - it is inexpensive and affordable

Oats do not like drought (unlike barley) and do not tolerate frost (unlike rye). The optimum conditions for this crop are cool, damp weather. Therefore, oats are not used as summer green manure, or green manure before winter. His “specialization” is spring and early autumn.

Oats are green manure, which means that they have almost no relatives in the garden, except for other cereals, and it will be an excellent predecessor for almost all crops. The only thing you should not do is to plant potatoes after oats, as its root system attracts click beetles (wireworms). But after potatoes, oats will grow well: the roots of this green fertilizer for the garden contain specific substances that prevent the occurrence of root rot, potato scab, fungal diseases, and nematodes.

As already mentioned, oats, like green manure in the garden, perfectly saturate the earth with potassium, not bad with phosphorus, but the nitrogen fertilizer from it is not first-class. If the requirements for nitrogen concentration in the soil are quite high, it is recommended to sow not pure oats, but oats with vetch (40/60), oil radish or other crops that enrich the soil with nitrogen.

A mixture of oats and oilseed radish: sown in early September, by the end of October it manages to build up enough green mass

Oats perfectly saturate the earth with organic matter, and the fibrous root system will favorably affect the properties of the soil. If dropped off oats as green manure on heavy soil - it will loosen it, improve its structure, increase moisture capacity and make it more breathable. If you plant this crop on light soil, it will strengthen the top layer, protect the soil from leaching and weathering, and also increase the moisture capacity.

It is customary to sow oats as green manure more densely than oats for grain (about 2 times), because the main goal is not to get grain fruits, but to increase the maximum green mass. Along with this, weed plants simply will not have room to grow. And if someone manages to climb through, then the seeds will probably not have time to ripen before mowing. So oats - green manure, helping to clear the site of weeds.

Oats as green manure: when to sow

Oats as green manure in spring it is sown on the basis that 55-60 days remain before planting the main crop: 40 days for the growth of green fertilizer, another 2 weeks (at least) for its decay in the soil. Most often, grains are sown immediately after the snow has melted, when the ground is full of moisture, because moisture is one of the most important requirements for the growth of oats. You can sow oats later, up to the beginning of May, but in this case there is a risk of lack of moisture. It may be necessary to shed the crops additionally.

Oats as green manure in autumn sown after the main crop, in early autumn. When planting at a later date, the cereal will not have time to grow enough green mass, and your work will not bring results. At autumn planting oats as green manure can be mowed and mixed a little with the ground - this will increase the friability and moisture capacity of the soil. But you can not mow the oats, but leave before winter, and it will rot. Then in the spring it will be enough to loosen the ground - and the bed is ready.

Oats as green manure summer m, after collecting early crops, it is not customary to sow, because this crop is not drought-resistant, and will need frequent watering.

A mixture of oats and vetch as green manure crops

Features of sowing oats as green manure

If the plot is small, it is customary to sow green manure in rows, if it is large, in bulk. The land must be cleared of weeds and loosened. If, during normal planting, 1.5-2 kg of grain is sown per hundred square meters, for green manure planting, the rate is increased two or even three times - up to 4-6 kg per hundred square meters. When sowing in rows on a "square" bed, 10 grams of oats is enough. After spreading, the seeds must be embedded in the soil to a depth of three to four centimeters.

When to mow oats like green manure?

Most of the nutrients in oats accumulate in initial stage heading, upon reaching a height of up to 20 cm. In this phase, oats are mowed, because further the stems will begin to coarsen and decompose poorly in the ground, and the amount of potassium in the culture will steadily fall. cut, cutting the roots at a depth of about 5 cm, and mixed with top layer soil. But you can not add greenery, but leave it on the ground in the form of mulch.

To ensure the rapid decay of green biomass, you can shed the greens embedded in the soil with a preparation of effective microorganisms (EM) or add ammonium nitrate. You should not close the oats too deep into the ground, otherwise, without access to air, the green manure will begin to turn sour and acidify the soil.

When the oats reach a height of 10-15 cm, you can apply an interesting agricultural technique - cut the plant by 30%. This pruning will stimulate the growth of greenery, and you will get more greenery to fertilize the soil.

In general, oats as green manure can be sown both in and in, especially for crops that require high doses of potassium. Please note that oats do not tolerate droughts and attract wireworms, so oats - green manure for potatoes is not the best. We hope our article will help you avoid mistakes and get a great harvest!

Tatyana Kuzmenko, member of the editorial board of the Sobcorrespondent of the online publication "AtmAgro. Agroindustrial Bulletin"

rye, oats or wheat

Alternative descriptions

Plant with flowers in spikes or panicles

A plant with a stem in the form of a hollow cranked culm and with small flowers in spikes or panicles

plant type

Friendly team of grains in the bud

Wheatgrass like grass

cereal plant

grain-bearing plant

Both corn and bamboo

And rye, and oats, and corn

Both rye and rice

Feather grass like grass

Ear on the vine

spiked grass

spiky plant

cultivated plant

M. past, plant; vegetable, vegetable garden, sleve, tops; greenery (except trees and shrubs) suitable for human food. Grass is soddy, meadow, steppe, in which the stem is straw and cranked, and the fruit is spike; a family of spikelets, which include bread.

Cereal, pertaining to cereal, plant and plant foods. Cereal, herbaceous, herbaceous, rich in vegetation, abundant in cereals. Evilness. affiliation, the state of the grassy area. Zlachnik m. church. garden, vegetable garden; flower garden

bluegrass as a plant

Oats as a type of plant

One of those who came out

He has the right of ear in the field

Spelled or rye

useful plant

millet as a plant

Wheat

wheat as a plant

Wheat, rye, oats

Plant with grain in the ear

plant with spike

A plant with a stem in the form of a hollow cranked culm and with small flowers in spikes or panicles

Straw-shaped plant

A plant that "throws" grains

Vegetable grain

Rice as a type of plant

Rice from a botanist's point of view

Rye or oats

Rye, rice, wheat

Shaker like a plant

mustachioed plant

barley or rye

And rye, and bamboo, and corn

Millet, rice, wheat

Wheat, rye and others

Both oats and barley

Wheat, like rye

Rye or wheat

A plant that "throws" grains

Rye, oats or wheat

Friendly team of grains in the bud

oats

Sowing

Seed preparation. A feature of preparing oat seeds for sowing is their division into first and second grains, which differ significantly in shape and size. The first, lower, grains in the spikelet are heavier, they form earlier and ripen better than the second, upper, smaller grains. More powerful plants develop from the first grains of oats, which bush better and give a greater yield than plants grown from the second grains. top grains use conventional oat trier.

To increase the energy of germination and germination of seeds, especially in the regions of Siberia, the Urals and the Non-Chernozem zone, where during the ripening and harvesting of oats there is often wet weather, the seeds should be subjected to air-heat treatment. If the spring is cold and damp, heating should be carried out in grain dryers at a temperature of 35-40 ° C. Before sowing, oat seeds should be pickled against loose smut.

Sowing dates. Sow oats as early as possible.

At the same time, some delay in sowing oats does not cause such a sharp decrease in yield in it, as in spring wheat and barley. This is explained by the fact that it relatively easily adapts to environmental conditions, and most importantly, it suffers less damage from Swedish and Hessian flies, which are often a scourge for spring wheat and barley.

Early sowings of oats are much less affected by rust, especially in moist areas, but they do not give the best results everywhere. V Eastern Siberia, in the steppe and forest-steppe regions Western Siberia, Trans-Urals and Northern Kazakhstan, at the earliest sowing dates, oats suffer from pupation (viral disease). Diseased plants bush strongly and almost do not form panicles; This disease is more pronounced in damp summers. The carrier of the disease is the dark cicada.

From agrotechnical methods of combating pupation importance have average sowing dates (second half of May); sowing with healthy seeds with high germination energy (subjected to air-heat treatment); high sowing density (narrow-row and cross sowing); application of phosphate fertilizers; refusal to re-culture oats.

Seeding methods. The highest yields of oats are obtained with narrow row and cross methods. At the same time, the sowing rate should be increased by 10-15% compared to the usual one.

Seeding rates. Approximate sowing rates of oats per 1 ha for different zones the countries are as follows: Non-chernozem 2-2.5c (6-7 million germinating seeds); Central Chernozemnaya 1.5-1.7 q (5-5.5 million viable seeds); Southeast 1.1-1.3 q (3.5-4 million viable seeds); North Caucasus and Ukraine 1.3-1.7 centners (4-5.5 million viable seeds); Siberia and the Far East 1.6-2.0 centners (5.5-6.5 million viable seeds).

The given sowing rates are specified depending on the humidity, weediness of the soil, sowing methods and other conditions. So, in the North Caucasus, on moist soils, 1.7 centners of seeds are sown per 1 hectare, and on lands not provided with moisture - 1.3-1.5 centners. In areas where pupation disease threatens, the sowing rate should be slightly increased.

Seeding depth. Oat seeds are sown at different depths, depending on the area, the nature of the soil and the timing of sowing. They are planted smaller than the seeds of barley and spring wheat. In the northern regions on heavy soils, the depth should not exceed 3 cm; in dry swamps best results gives a sowing depth of 2 cm. In semi-arid regions, chernozem soils seeds are sown 4-5 cm, and with a strong drying of the topsoil - 5-6 cm.

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Oats as green manure: benefits, how and when to sow oat seeds

One of the oldest grain crops, which appeared on the fields long before wheat, respectively, oats as a green fertilizer was one of the first to be used. Oat grains contain many vitamins, more protein than wheat grains. But this cereal is interesting not only for its grain - oats as green manure are no less useful.

Advantages

Firstly, when decomposed in the ground, oat greens saturate the soil with organic matter and minerals, potassium, phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen. In terms of its ability to fertilize the soil, oats can be compared with manure. One crop of green mass of oats is equal to 500 kg of manure, on an area of 2.5 acres. If there is a goal to increase the nitrogen content in the soil, then oats and bean green manure are sown, as a rule, this is a vetch-oat mixture.

Secondly, thanks to the fibrous root system, oats, like other cereals, loosen the soil well, strengthen the upper, fertile layer. Therefore, this cereal is good for heavy soil - it will loosen it, improve its structure, make it more breathable, and increase its moisture capacity. Yes, and on light soils, oats will be useful - strengthening the upper, fertile layer with its roots, the plant protects it from weathering and leaching. Due to the enrichment with organic matter, light soils become more water-intensive.

Thirdly, oats as green manure - good remedy from weeds, all cereals can boast of this. Dense crops of oats drown out the growth of weeds, so in one season you can free the area from weeds.

Since this green manure belongs to cereals, it is a good predecessor for almost all garden crops, excluding, of course, cereal crops. It should be borne in mind that cereals attract wireworms, who also love potatoes, so planting oats before potatoes is not recommended. But after potatoes, oats will be, by the way, since along with other cereals, this crop is good in the fight against potato scab. Also, this cereal green manure helps against nematodes, against fungal diseases, root rot.

The advantages of oats include its unpretentiousness. Oats sprout on almost any soil - on chernozem, peat bogs, acid podzols, clay, sandy soils, loams.

When to sow oats in spring

There is even a Russian folk saying about the sowing time - this oats in the mud - you will be a prince. V middle lane In Russia, there are supporters of early spring sowing, who sow oats on time, as soon as it is possible to reach the site, and farmers who prefer the “warmer” sowing time and sow cereals from mid-April.

If you missed spring sowing, you should know that you can sow oats in the middle lane until mid-September. The culture is moisture-loving, it is worth considering this, therefore, in the case of a dry late sowing period, one must be prepared to provide watering.

Seed dressing

Before sowing, it is worth doing disinfection and dressing of seeds with potassium permanganate.

Oat seeds are kept for 20 minutes in a 1% solution. After that, the seeds are washed with cold water.

How to sow oat seeds

Green manure is planted in bulk on large areas or in rows in a small area, in previously loosened, weed-free land.

The consumption rate of oat seeds when sowing in rows is 10 gr. per 1m 2 or 1000 gr.

per hundred. When sowing in bulk, the consumption of seeds increases to 16 - 20 gr. per 1m 2 or 160 - 200 gr. per hundred. After sowing, oat seeds are planted to a depth of 3-4 cm - it is enough to harrow the area with a rake.

When to cut oats

Early sowing of oats provides an early harvest of plant mass. Mowing terms depend on the purpose of cultivation. You can start mowing greens after 40 days, during which time the seedlings gain a height of about 15 - 20 cm. Before mowing oats, you should, first of all, focus on the timing of planting garden crops. If spring planting is provided after oats, let's say vegetables, then the greens are mowed and planted in the soil, like other siderats, no later than 2 weeks before planting vegetables.

After mowing and planting seedlings in the soil for their faster decomposition, it is possible to provide irrigation of the site. In order to avoid acidification of greenery in the soil, it is not necessary to close up a large amount of it (in a thick layer). The excess amount of greenery is often determined in compost pit used on mulch or animal feed.

We grow all vegetables and berries for the sake of the harvest - fruits, tubers, berries. To produce this yummy, plants spend a lot of nutrients. Of course, we apply various fertilizers, but in addition to a set of minerals after vegetables and perennial plantings berries, when they grow in one place for more than three years, there is a deterioration in the structure and fertility of the soil.

The humus layer is depleted, the number of beneficial microorganisms, earthworms is reduced. The soil is compacted, sometimes practically cemented, the roots no longer receive enough oxygen, the plants get sick.

In order to improve the structure and fertility of the soil, sowing green manure is used.

What is the value of green manure

saturation of the soil with nutrients
restoration of soil organic matter, humus layer
reduction in the number of pathogens and pests
weed growth retardation
retaining moisture in the soil and loosening
snow retention and soil weathering prevention
spring frost protection

Which siderates are better

In fact, there are no ideal green manures - for various landings need your own plants. It’s easy to explain - green manures belong to different plant families and have their own characteristics, for example, to clear the area of keel, after cabbage, you can’t plant other cruciferous vegetables: radishes, turnips, as well as white mustard or oil radish.

Moreover, various plants have different germination times, growing cycles and soil requirements.

For example, among legumes, peas grow better on light sandy loamy soil, poorly on heavy ones. It is more expedient to plant beans and beans on loam.

Siderates by families

legumes: lupins, beans, soybeans, lentils, sowing and field peas, alfalfa, sweet clover, spring and winter vetch, clover, fodder beans, sainfoin, soybeans, seradella, peas, chickpeas, clover.
cruciferous: rapeseed, colza, oilseed radish, white mustard
cereals: wheat, rye, barley, oats
buckwheat: buckwheat
Compositae: sunflower
waterfly (hydrophile): phacelia

In addition, green manures of different families have different functionality:

legumes specialize in fixing nitrogen from the air
cruciferous and cereals fix nitrogen from the soil, convert other minerals into a more accessible form, prevent soil demineralization
increase the humus layer with a large leaf mass as a green fertilizer - rapeseed, colza
lupine, phacelia, buckwheat, oats, alfalfa - can reduce soil acidity
legumes, annual ryegrass, phacelia, sunflower, white mustard, oil radish, calendula, nasturtium - able to suppress the nematode and a number of pathogens
all siderates loosen the soil with their roots, especially lupins, beans, oil radish
almost all green manures suppress weed growth due to planting density or rapid growth
annual ryegrass, phacelia, sunflower, mustard are also excellent honey plants

Compatibility of green manure and vegetables

Solanaceae: potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, Bell pepper, and gourds: cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, squash - grow well after such siderates as rye, oats, lupins, oil radish, mustard, sweet clover, vetch-oat mixture, rapeseed, phacelia, annual ryegrass.
The best predecessors for beets are mustard, colza, oil radish, vetch, and cereals.
Bad green manure predecessors: corn and legumes (vetch, alfalfa, lupine, sweet clover, clover, etc.) and rapeseed - because of the danger of nematode infection.
For carrots - all cultures are good, but the best are oilseed radish, mustard, rapeseed, and colza.
Siderata for cabbage, daikon, radish, turnip: sweet clover, vetch, lupine, phacelia, buckwheat, oats, clover, peas, as well as cereals.
Onions can be planted in beds where buckwheat, lupine, vetch and vetch-oat mixture, barley, phacelia acted as siderates, but in general, any siderates, except for corn and sunflower, can be precursors for garlic onions.
But garlic is more capricious - for him the best green manure- phacelia and mustard.

It is undesirable to plant garlic after any bean green manure
Before planting legumes (peas, beans), you can sow mustard, oilseed radish, rapeseed, rapeseed, you can’t - other legumes.
The best green manure for strawberries: lupine, mustard, phacelia, oats.

What green manure to sow in the fall

If you have already decided which vegetables, in which area, garden bed or greenhouse, will be planted for the next season, the main crop has been harvested, you need to urgently plant green manure.

Only not every siderate is suitable for autumn sowing. All have their own characteristics - there are spring crops, there are winter crops.

Spring crops: oats, oil radish, rapeseed, white mustard, phacelia, which do not hibernate, their roots and above-ground part but over the winter they do not completely rot. In the spring, you need to cut the roots with a flat cutter at a depth of 5-7 cm from the soil surface and lightly mix with the ground. You can shed the soil with Baikal EM-1 solution to speed up the decomposition of green mass.
Winter siderats: rye, vetch, rapeseed - they are sown in late autumn before frosts, so that the seeds germinate in spring, and early in autumn, at the end of summer, then a small overgrown tops leave before winter.

Siderates for the winter

Many spring green manure crops can be sown before winter. So, phacelia is usually sown in spring, but it is also possible to sow it in October-November, after late-ripening crops - carrots, beets, late potatoes, when the site is not threatened by a large invasion of germinating weeds. The sowing dates are calculated so that the seeds do not have time to germinate, and the number of phacelia seeds is increased by 1.5-2 times, since some of them may not sprout - at a rate of 10 g / sq. m, we take 20 g.

The same applies to sowing mustard before winter, before frost, it also rise in the spring and will begin to work on the thawing land, but it is necessary to sow much thicker than in spring.

The advantages of winter green manure are that the plants will sprout earlier in the spring, and they will have time to grow decently before planting vegetables. For seedlings of phacelia or mustard, we make holes, for example, for tomatoes. Tomatoes grow like this until early June, while there is a threat of frost - herbs protect seedlings from the cold. Then the aerial part of the phacelia or mustard is mowed (it is easily removed), the roots remain in the ground, the greens are not covered, but remain as mulch for vegetables.

Dates of sowing green manure in the fall

The choice of green manure for sowing from the second half of summer depends on how much time remains before the cold and frost and how thermophilic the green manure is.

In autumn or late summer, it makes sense to sow only those spring green manure crops that have time to grow at least 15-20 cm and cover the ground with a solid carpet, protecting it from erosion by rains, preventing the loss of valuable substances and soil erosion.

In general, spring green manure can be sown until the end of August, in the southern regions - until the beginning of September.

You need to understand that green manure of farm fields and a small suburban area have completely different goals. Large fields are sown with almost any crop, including two-year ones, and only when growing them full cycle, they give the maximum enrichment of the earth with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals. At the same time, most green manure have a powerfully developed root system, for example, in lupine it is about 1.5 m deep, others grow more than a meter in height. Such green manures are of value not as a green fertilizer (the stems and leaves are too coarse to be embedded in the soil), but as an improvement in soil structure (loosening and enrichment with nitrogen), as a fodder plant or a valuable honey plant. They are cleaned using powerful machinery.

On regular garden plots the main purpose of growing green manure is to obtain green fertilizer, populate the vacant beds to protect against weeds, loosen the top layer of the earth, protect the soil from diseases and pests. At the same time, it is very important to choose a green manure that grows quickly and is easily removed with a garden tool.

Therefore, sowing any green manure does not imply flowering, you can sow any herbs, but as soon as the crops grow to 15-20 cm, cut everything and plant it in the soil. As a rule, in terms of choice, the cost of seed and its availability play a big role.

Mustard white

White mustard does an excellent job with these functions - it is sown in late summer, early autumn, due to its rapid growth and tolerance to cold weather, it manages to grow greenery and prevent the loss of nitrogen and other nutrients from the soil. With frost, the plant dies, but it is not necessary to plow it into the ground. White mustard does not grow well on acidic and waterlogged soils.

Oil radish

Another cruciferous early green manure, great for sowing areas that have been vacated by August, for example, early potatoes. Grows on any type of soil, especially good for heavy ones - loosens and structures. The radish has a small consumption of seeds, it quickly sprouts (in 4-7 days) and increases its green mass, it is quite cold-resistant - it has time to grow before frost if sown later. A basal rosette of 4-5 leaves already 2-3 weeks after germination, and flowering after 30-40 days. It is necessary to mow the oilseed radish before flowering.

Although the highest yield is formed during the formation of the pods, the radish is much larger than the mustard, it has coarser stems, so on farms it is allowed to grow longer and harvested with the help of machinery. An ordinary gardener has a simple tool - so after a month and a half you need to mow.

As green manure, oilseed radish is sown in rows, 15 cm between seeds. Seed consumption is approximately 2-3 g per 1 sq. m. Seeds are planted to a depth of 2-4 cm.

Winter rye

Winter rye, sown in early autumn or late summer, is excellent as a green fertilizer, it will have time to germinate before frost and form lush bushes. It tolerates winter well and already in early spring, it continues to build up leaf mass and roots. Two weeks before planting vegetables or berries, the overgrown green mass must be cut with a flat cutter and dig the rye into the soil.

Winter rye as green manure has another advantage - it is undemanding to the soil and grows well on any type of soil, including very poor ones. The disadvantage is that it does not fix nitrogen in the soil, but gives a lot of organic matter.

It is not necessary to sow winter rye too thickly, since in spring it sprouts very amicably and too frequent shoots are more difficult to clean. Can be sown in rows, with a distance of about 15 cm, planting to a depth of 4 cm.

Rape

Rapeseed is demanding on the soil, but in order to improve the structure, it is advisable to use it on heavy soils - soddy-podzolic, light and medium loamy and chernozems, although it also grows on sandy loamy soils. Categorically not suitable for growing in wet areas.

Rapeseed as green manure is sown in the second half of August, in the southern regions later - after the 20th of the month - the fact is that rapeseed is a more tender culture - if sown ahead of schedule, plants outgrow, begin to be affected by diseases, winter badly. Optimal dimensions bush, with which rapeseed painlessly leaves before winter rapeseed - a height of about 20-25 cm and a rosette of 6-8 leaves - it takes about 2 months.

For rapeseed required more care- this culture does not tolerate a sharp change in weather, when, after a sudden thaw (melting snow), frost sets in again - an uneven flow of water causes root rot.

The same problem occurs with excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, if the winter is not snowy, you will have to throw snow on the beds with winter rapeseed.

Rapeseed is sown to a depth of 2–3 cm. Seedlings appear in 4–5 days.

In spring, with favorable wintering, rapeseed continues to grow, turns green and blooms by mid-May. They begin to mow it not when green pods appear, but earlier two weeks before planting the main crop.

After rapeseed, you can plant seedlings of peppers, tomatoes, eggplants. The disadvantage of this green manure is not only sensitivity to root rot, but also a lot of diseases and pests that affect cruciferous plants.

Buckwheat

Buckwheat as green manure is best sown in spring, as it takes 1-3 months for its development, but it can also be sown at the end of summer, in autumn, six weeks before the first frost. It can be sown after potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers. Seedlings appear on the 9-10th day. Mow in the flowering stage - the first flowers about a month after germination. Flowering buckwheat retains tender foliage and stems, rots well. It grows on any type of soil, including poor, gives a good organic matter, does not store nitrogen in the soil, but converts phosphorus into a form readily available to vegetables. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to get seeds, store-bought buckwheat will not work (it is steamed or fried), green seeds are needed.

Vika

Vika or mouse peas - legume used both for organics and for saturating the soil with nitrogen, as well as suppressing weeds in difficult areas. Vika is more capricious - it grows only in slightly acidic areas, does not tolerate dryness.

Vika is an early ripening plant, it grows leaf mass well, protects vegetables from snails and slugs. You can plant it under any vegetables, including cabbage, when it is unacceptable to sow cruciferous green manure, but you can not plant it before legumes (peas, beans).

Vetch is often included in green manure mixtures in company with rye, rapeseed, ryegrass and other herbs. The seeding depth is 1-3 cm. It is possible to mow and embed into the soil already 60-65 days after sowing.