Indoor orange tree. Orange tree. How to plant and grow an orange at home. Video: We grow citrus fruits at home

Fragrant and tasty citruses can not only be bought in the store, but also grown independently. The orange tree has many varieties and some of them are suitable for home cultivation in pots. It is important to know the rules of cultivation and care in order for the plant to be accepted and developed.

What does an orange tree look like?

This type of citrus is cultivated plant, and got it by crossing tangerine and pomelo. The tree is evergreen with a compact dense crown. The description of the orange tree includes the following information:

1. Dimensions are directly related to the variety, so tall varieties reach a height of 12 m, and dwarf ones - 4-6 m. There are also indoor plants that can be from 60 cm to 2.5 m.
2. The root system is superficial, and it does not have hairs through which other plants receive moisture and nutrients. Instead, at the tips of the roots there are special cases in which there are fungi that exist in symbiosis with the plant. They transfer moisture and nutrients.
3. The orange tree has dark green leaves that have a pointed oval shape. Inside them are glands filled with aromatic oil, which is identical to the flowers of this plant.

How does an orange tree bloom?

This plant has large bisexual flowers, which reach 5 cm in diameter. The color of the five petals is often white, but a reddish tint may also be present. In the center is a long single pistil, which is surrounded by stamens. yellow color. Flowers are collected in a brush of about 6 pieces, single options are rare. The flowering of the orange tree occurs only under certain conditions, and flower buds, laid in March-April, will open only at a temperature of 16-18°C. The blossoming bud falls off in 2-3 days.

How to grow an orange tree?

There are several varieties that can be used for indoor growing, and the following three options are the most popular:

1. Pavlovsky. In height, this variety reaches a maximum of 1 m. It can be propagated using cuttings. fruits ripen long time during which it is important to provide special care.
2. Gamlin. If you are interested in how to grow an orange tree at home, then you can choose this variety, whose height reaches 1.5 m. The crop can be harvested in the fall, and the fruits are juicy and sweet-sour.
3. Washington Navel. The most popular variety that is suitable for home use. The height of an orange tree can reach up to 2 m. It is worth noting an interesting advantage - a pleasant aroma is released during flowering. The fruits can be harvested from the age of three. The fruits are large.

How to plant an orange tree?

In order to grow citruses on your windowsill, you need to prepare the seeds, which should only be fresh, that is, not dried.

1. Having collected planting material, be sure to rinse it, and then leave it for 8-12 hours in water so that they swell.
2. To get an orange tree from a stone, planting must be carried out in loose soil or peat. You need to deepen the seeds by 1 cm. Be sure to cover the container with a film or cover with glass to create a greenhouse effect.
3. Place the container in a shaded, warm place. Periodically water the ground and ventilate the plantings. Sprouts should appear after a month and a half.
4. After that, it is recommended to expose the container to the light (direct rays of the sun are dangerous). It is important to provide seedlings with a long daylight hours. To do this, you can use special lamps.

soil for orange tree

For successful cultivation This plant is of great importance is the quality of the soil. To do right choice Please consider these recommendations:

1. If you are interested in where the orange tree grows when it is still young, then it is better to choose this composition: 2 parts of turf and 1 part of leafy soil, humus and sand. Experts advise collecting sod land in gardens.
2. For an older tree, it is better to use such a soil composition: 3 parts of turf, 1 part of leafy soil, humus and sand. You can add some oily clay.
3. It is recommended to ensure that the selected soil has a pH of 6.5-7.
4. Be sure to remove all unnecessary impurities from the prepared soil, such as pebbles or roots of other plants.
5. Ready soil mixture must be left for a minimum of 14 days.

How to graft an orange tree?

When the plant begins to develop well, it will be possible to prune to form a beautiful crown. After 6-8 years, flowers may appear, and the fruits are likely to be small and bitter, so it is important to vaccinate. In the instructions - how to grow an orange tree at home, there is a mandatory procedure that involves grafting a bud or branch of a cultural garden plant. It is better to carry out the procedure when the plant is already 1-3 years old.

How long does an orange tree grow at home?

The length of time a plant grows depends on proper fit and care. If you focus on natural conditions, then in the subtropics, 4 years should pass from planting seeds to the appearance of fruits. In order for an orange tree in a pot to begin to bear fruit, they are grafted and then after 3 years it will be possible to harvest. Life cycle this culture is approximately 75 years old.

How to care for an orange tree?

1. Lighting. The pot is best placed in a place with diffused lighting. In cold weather, it is recommended to use artificial lighting up to 12 hours.
2. Temperature. In summer, room temperature is also suitable, and in winter it is necessary to maintain indicators at the level of 10-18 ° C. It is important to regularly ventilate, but exclude drafts.
3. Humidity. For an orange tree, home care in hot weather includes daily spraying using soft, settled water. In winter, the air is dry, so increase the humidity by all means.

How to water an orange tree at home?

There are a few soil moisture tips to keep in mind:

1. They judge whether it is necessary to water according to the condition of the soil. It is important not to allow the earthen coma to dry out completely. To determine the moisture, squeeze a lump of soil, and if it crumbles, then water it.
2. To water a small orange tree, it is not recommended to use tap water because it contains a lot of alkali metal and chlorine. It should be boiled or you can take hot water from the tap.
3. The liquid must be settled for at least a day in open ground, which will remove chlorine. If possible, water is recommended to be taken from a well, lake or stream.
4. In winter, the orange tree is at rest, so the intervals between watering should be increased.

What to feed an orange tree?

For good growth, flowering and fruiting, it is necessary to fertilize in spring and summer, and this should be done once every two weeks. It is important to fertilize the day after watering. Fertilizers for the orange tree are poured in until it starts to flow out of the drainage holes of the pot. You can use special additives designed for citrus or take options for indoor plants.

Many will be surprised by the fact that adult plants, whose height is at least a meter, can be fed with fish broth once a month. It is believed that this can enhance fruiting. Take 200 g of fish waste or small fish (not salted), pour 2 liters of water and boil for 30 minutes. After that, the solution should be filtered and diluted with cold water.

Pruning an orange tree

When the height of the plant reaches 20 cm, it is recommended to pinch off 2-3 leaves from the top. Thanks to this, side branches will begin to develop, forming a beautiful crown. They are considered branches of the first order, and if you cut them off (4-5 branches of 20-25 cm each should remain), then branches of the second order will begin to form (their length is not more than 25 cm) and so on. Using this scheme, you can form an orange tree in the apartment to your liking. It is important that many branches of the fifth order form on the bush in a few years, since fruits will form on them.

How to transplant an orange tree?

It is better to carry out such a procedure in spring or autumn, when root system will not be subject to temperature shock. You can transplant the plant into a pot or directly into the ground. It is important to do everything carefully so as not to damage the root system.

1. Dig a hole right size. Adding soil improvers and compost is not recommended unless the soil is very sandy or clayey. Remove the homemade orange tree along with the clod by turning the flowerpot over and pre-moistening the ground. Install it in a hole, fill it with earth and tamp it down. Please note that top part The root ball should be 2.5-3 cm below the surrounding soil.
2. When choosing a pot, keep in mind that its size should be twice as large as the root ball. The process is similar to the previous one, that is, the orange tree should be transferred to a new container. It is impossible to carry out the procedure more than once every 2-3 years.

Diseases of the orange tree

This culture is affected by a large number of fungal diseases, but it is worth noting that weak plants that do not receive proper care suffer from this. There are tips on how to save an orange tree:

1. Root rot appears due to excessive watering and stagnation of liquid in the pot. The disease develops imperceptibly until the moment when the leaves begin to fall intensively. In this case, the plant only needs to be transplanted, removing rotten roots.
2. Soot fungus appears on leaves and branches in the form of a black coating. It is removed and be sure to ventilate the room. It is recommended to reduce the intensity of watering.
3. Scab on an orange tree appears on the leaves in the form of dark bulges. As a result, they fall off, and the bark cracks. To remove the problem, you must use or other fungicides. Spraying is carried out in the spring or after flowering. It is important to remove diseased leaves and branches and burn them.
4. Wart provokes the formation of growths on the shoots, and on the leaves - gray warts. For the fight, you can use Bordeaux spray for spraying after wintering, flowering and in the middle of summer.
5. It is worth noting that a tree can be affected by almost all pests and appear more often than others. To fight you need to carry out spraying.

orange, or Citrus sinensis, is an evergreen fruit woody plant belonging to the genus citrus of the rue family. To date, biologists have not been able to detect a single species of wild orange.

The orange is native to Southeast Asia. European travelers brought the orange to Europe in the 15th century. Somewhat later, orange trees, along with the colonists, appeared on the African and American continents. Now orange is actively cultivated in almost all tropical and subtropical regions. the globe.

However, the orange itself loves the subtropical climate most of all. It is in the subtropics that orange trees produce fruits of the highest quality. To obtain fruits with the same properties in the tropical zone, orange trees must grow no lower than at an altitude of 800-1200 meters above sea level. On the tropical plains high level humidity of the air orange fruits leave much to be desired.

Depending on which carts an orange is cultivated on, it can reach a height of 12 meters, or be dwarf (4-6 meters). In addition, there are also indoor orange varieties, the height of which ranges from 60-80 centimeters to 2-2.5 meters. The life span of an orange is about 75 years.

The growing season of an orange consists of 2-3 stages annually. Each phase includes a period of growth and a period of rest. The orange tree requires a temperature of at least 10-12°C to begin its growth period. If this temperature is not reached, the orange is at rest.

Orange trees are thermophilic plants. At temperatures below -5 ° C, their leaves begin to die, and if the temperature drops to -8 ° C-9.5 ° C, the entire aerial part of the plant dies off.

The orange tree has leathery, oval-shaped leaves that are pointed at the tip. The life span of orange leaves is approximately three years. The crown of an orange tree has the shape of a ball or pyramid. The branches often bear thorns, the length of which can reach 10 centimeters.

Orange flowers are white and very fragrant. There are species in which the flowers are collected in inflorescences, and species with single flowers. In species of both categories, the flowers are bisexual. Orange flowers are axillary, the number of stamens is 20-25 pieces.

Fruiting of a grafted orange tree begins in the 4th year after planting. Oranges bear fruit every year.

The number created by breeders is huge. Suffice it to say that every year 10-15 new varieties of orange trees appear on our planet.

The fruit of the orange, the fragrant ball so well known to everyone, is a multi-celled berry, or hesperidia. The size, shape and color of orange fruits are different in different types. The number of lobules in orange fruits varies from 9 to 13. The seeds are multi-embryonic, white in color.

To classify varieties, the color of the orange peel is often used, but not the pulp. The peel of oranges can be light yellow, orange or bright orange, almost red.

Another classification of orange varieties is based on the palatability of the pulp of the fruit. The pulp can be sweet, sweet-sour and bitter-sour.

Another division of orange varieties into groups is based on the shape of the fruit. In this case, round-shaped fruits are distinguished (a group of “ordinary” varieties), fruits with a “navel”, or nevl, that is, a small round outgrowth on the top of the fruit (a group of “navel” varieties) and king fruits. A distinctive feature of the beetle is its small size and red flesh with a sour taste. Such varieties are called "bloody". Fruits of a rounded shape, as a rule, differ from the rest in a very even skin.

The content of various substances in orange fruits varies depending on the variety. However, the averages are:
- 12% sugars;
- 0.6-2% citric acid;
- 50-65 mg of ascorbic acid.
In addition, orange fruits contain vitamins C, B1 and P, trace elements (calcium, potassium, phosphorus and many others), antioxidants.
The peel of orange fruits includes up to 2% essential oil.

• Kind: citrus
• Flowering period: December, January, February, March
• Height: 50-1200cm
• Color: orange, yellow, white
• perennial
• hibernates
• sun-loving
• moisture-loving

Bright lemon, orange and tangerine trees with their huge flowers and mouth-watering fruits are always the main accents of any garden. But, unfortunately, they do not grow in the Russian climate in the open air - only in greenhouses and at home. But then where do such trees appear in Russian gardens in summer? Simply at home in a country house or in an apartment, it is quite possible to grow a beautiful citrus tree up to at least one and a half meters high! And in the summer, put it in the garden and enjoy the incredibly fragrant big flowers, for which modern landscape designers are willing to give a lot. Agree, any garden for 90% consists of plants, each of which has its own time. Yes, in the Russian climate, a citrus tree is a seasonal decoration of the garden, but what a thing!

In its development, the tangerine tree will not be particularly whimsical. The main thing is to provide him with an abundance of sunlight, and all 12 hours a day. all year round. Therefore, if you want to grow a naturally beautiful tree, you will need additional intense lighting on winter evenings. There will also be some professional secrets to help.

Choosing a tangerine variety

Now let's look at the varieties a little:

• Unshiu is frost-resistant and very productive variety. You will get a low tree, with a spreading crown of flexible thin branches, and with corrugated leaves. This mandarin grows fast and produces good fruit. And if you add artificial lighting, things will go even better.
• Shiva Mikan is a compact tangerine tree with large dark green foliage. Blooms and grows fast.
• The honey variety is the rarest variety, with very sweet tangerines.
• And the tangerine Covane-vasse is the tallest, as for home conditions. For the garden - that's it!

See what wonderful citrus trees grow with the right choice of variety:

Proper seed preparation

So, the first step is to get the bones for the future tangerine tree. For this purpose, ripe fruits from the store are ideal: take at least 10 of these seeds. The more the better: you probably know that any planting material does not germinate 100%.

Second step: let the bones hatch. To do this, they need moisture. Wrap the bones in damp gauze and leave it like that for a few days. Gauze, in turn, will not allow moisture to evaporate quickly, and at the same time, the bones will “breathe”.

Now let's prepare the soil. The easiest way is to buy it in a flower shop, it is called "special for citrus", or roll up your sleeves and make a nutrient base yourself. Just combine leafy soddy soil with compost or rotted humus in equal parts. The main thing is that there is no peat in your land.

In details:

Now you can plant hatched bones in this land. But be patient: the first sprouts will appear from 3 weeks to a whole month, because the mandarin grows slowly and from time to time also stops its growth according to some biological laws unknown to us.

Abundance of moisture

The tangerine tree loves moisture, and in the summer it must be watered (but not flooded). And in winter, you should reduce the amount of moisture, while making sure that the soil does not dry out. After all, future fruits need to “pour”, as they say among the people.

To compensate for the dryness of home air, it is advisable to spray tangerine leaves every day with clean boiled water (or filtered).

Neat transplant

When the tangerine tree has grown, move it to a larger pot. perfect time- February March. Such a plant should be transplanted using the transshipment method in order to preserve the earthen ball as much as possible and not damage the delicate root system.

A few weeks after the transplant, when the tree can get used to the new place and the so-called "housewarming syndrome" has passed, the root system will begin to actively grow. Moreover, for the entire spring-summer period, the mandarin will have several points of active growth, in which it will need to be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers once every 1-2 weeks. The tree will especially like the used tea leaves - just dig it into the soil.

As a result, thanks to your efforts, you will grow a good tree up to one and a half meters tall. Miniature, cute and especially bright during the fruiting period. And during the flowering period, the tangerine tree is strewn with flowers so that it is not impossible not to pay attention to it!

How to grow an early ripe lemon tree?

Lemon is a perennial evergreen tree, with thorns on the branches and beautiful dark green leaves. Lemon leaves are of particular value for landscape design, with their juicy colors and excellent decorative qualities. A real decoration for any garden!

When transplanted to open ground lemon quickly reaches a height of up to 5 meters. But, if you grow it only at home, and only leave it in the garden in the sun for the summer, then it will reach “only” 2 meters.

Another value of the lemon tree for landscaping is that it can bloom several times throughout the year - in spring, summer and winter. Its flowers are especially beautiful: snow-white, with a waxy color and with a delicate aroma. And it is also surprising that fragrant flowers, green ovaries, and even ripe fruits can be on the same tree at the same time. Moreover, lemons can safely hang on parental branches for up to 2 years, periodically becoming either green or yellow again.

And growing this miracle of nature is easy:

Choosing the right variety

The first step in growing a lemon tree for your garden is to choose a variety—and there are about 900 of them! Among the species of this evergreen citrus plant, there are those that grow exclusively in the tropics and subtropics, and there are those that feel great in a closed winter garden. And it's important to guess!

• Pavlovsky lemon grows up to 2 meters in height. And all you need to do is root the cuttings under glass jars, and then transplant them into pots. Moreover, this lemon is most adapted to life at home or in a winter greenhouse, and it blooms in the second or third year and then begins to bear fruit.
• Meyer lemon will bloom all year round, although it will remain dwarfed. But its beautiful round crown lends itself remarkably to formation. True, there are many thorns on the branches of this lemon.
• Novogruzinsky lemon is obtained with a stronger tall crown and an impressive number of thorns. It will bloom a little later than the Pavlovsk lemon, but it will be distinguished by a stable harvest.
• But the Lisbon lemon is different in that it tolerates high air temperatures without problems.

Here's how wonderfully a varietal lemon tree grows:

Preparing for landing

As soon as you pull the seeds out of the lemon, immediately start planting, otherwise the similarity will be lost every hour. Then do everything according to the following instructions:

• Step 1. First, rinse the seeds well under running water and dry on a windowsill on a piece of paper.
• Step 2. Next, spread them on a layer of damp cotton wool so that the seeds swell. Moreover, cotton wool will need to be periodically moistened.
• Step 3. Take plastic bottle and cut off the neck. Make a couple of holes in the bottom.
• Step 4. Fill a plastic bottle with soil, water a little and plant the seeds to a depth of 2 to 4 centimeters.
• Step 5. Now water every two days with fresh water.
• Step 6. When lemon Tree reaches a height of 10-15 centimeters, transplant it into a pot with the same soil. It is important that the root system is not cramped in it.

You will see the process in more detail at the master class:

But, unfortunately, the lemon that you have grown from the seed will bear fruit only for 12-15 years of life. That is why it makes sense to purchase a cutting or buds already from a fruit-bearing tree, and graft them onto your plant. And your lemon will be ready for grafting when the thickness of its trunk reaches 80 millimeters.

All this is perfectly shown in the video:

The Importance of Proper Soil

Unfortunately, the situation is not uncommon when seedlings are bought even in a well-known company store, and after a week the lemon dies. That's why it's so important to get the right soil first.

The soil for the lemon tree you will need is balanced in structure and rich in nutrients. The recipe is the same as for the tangerine tree. But take care of the temperature: at -5-6° the lemon leaves die off, at minus -7-8° the crown is damaged, and at minus -8-9° the tree is already dying. Therefore, to overwinter your lemon tree, you need a temperature in the range of + 15-18 ° C.

When taking your citrus fruit into the garden in the summer, place it under the crown of a larger fellow: apple or sea buckthorn, and relative to the same cardinal points. After all, you can’t put a lemon tree in an open sunny place - the leaves will burn.

Here is a good illustration of proper care for a growing lemon tree:

Correct watering temperature

You can also easily grow a lemon tree from a cutting that begins to bloom in the third year after planting:

• Step 1. In early spring, take cuttings with four to five leaves.
• Step 2. Hold such a cutting in a weak solution of potassium permanganate and cover the cut with crushed coal.
• Step 3. Remove the bottom leaves, leaving only the top three.
• Step 4. Next, plant the cutting in wet river sand.
• Step 5. Cover with a jar or bag and place in a dark place.

Like here:

The key is to keep the soil moist. If droplets of water appear on the walls of the jar, it means that the roots are releasing the stalk. And as soon as the plant is rooted (check this by lightly tugging on the stalk), bring it to the light and remove the jar.

In winter, you need to water the lemon tree only once or twice a week, and in summer - every day, but just a little. Moreover, with warm water, 2-3 degrees higher than the air temperature. If you water it colder or warmer, the plant will not like it. Indeed, this is the capriciousness of the lemon tree, which does not like both the lack of moisture and its excess. Experienced gardeners know one tricky secret: tap the pot with a wooden object. If the beats are sonorous, the ground is already dry, and if they are deaf, there is still moisture.

You still need to turn the lemon tree on the windowsill, no matter what the sellers tell you there. All this in order to get a beautiful crown, otherwise there will be light and shadow leaves that will no longer fit into the landscape design of your summer garden.

The color of the leaves of the lemon tree is also affected by top dressing. So, from March to September, once every 1-2 weeks, feed your plant with manure or droppings. During the fruiting period, do this every 10 days, and this time give preference to a complex of mineral fertilizers.

Formation of a beautiful crown

The next interesting secret: it is easy to form the future crown of a lemon along its roots. After all, the root system is a mirror image of the crown. Therefore, plant a lemon in a pot of the shape you want to see its crown.

In the spring, a young plant 20 centimeters tall should be cut off the top, and 5-6 packs should be left so that they give side shoots. And in March-April, prune this tree, removing old dry and diseased shoots, as well as those that are trying to grow into the crown, and not from it.

And one more important point. From time to time, the lemon tree becomes crowded: usually once every 2-3 years. At this time, it gives its little signal, rising above the soil level and bringing the roots into the drainage hole. So, it's time to transplant the tree into a larger pot. It is advisable to do this before mid-February, while new shoots have not yet begun to grow. And keep in mind that an adult lemon tree already feels better not in light soil, but in heavy loose soil. You can get it yourself by mixing one part leafy earth, one part sand and one part humus, adding a little clay to such soil.

Help with pollination

Another secret to getting a really beautiful lemon tree is that you have to pollinate it! Yes, this is a self-pollinating plant, but it still has male flowers with only pollen. Collect such pollen with a cotton swab and bring it to the pestle, which is large and noticeable.

In the summer, be sure to take the lemon out into the garden, and it will become a wonderful attribute of landscape design. And in winter, organize additional lighting: a fluorescent lamp or Reflux lamps, at a distance of 10 centimeters from the upper leaves of the tree.

How to grow an orange tree with a beautiful crown?

An orange tree is a real find for the landscape design of any garden. It is neat, with glossy leaf skin and beautiful fruits.

Proper planting of seeds

You can grow this tree from an ordinary bone:

• rinse the removed seeds in warm water;
• soak for 12 hours;
• deepen the hatched seeds into the ground, to a depth of 1 centimeter under the film.

You can do this in late winter or early spring:

When caring for a growing plant, do not forget that orange trees are residents of the subtropical zone. They do not like drafts, but they love an abundance of indirect sunlight and are capricious of air and soil moisture.

And about the selection of soil for an orange, we suggest you watch the video:

Abundance of light and heat

Orange should receive a lot of light and heat - this is the main requirement. If you properly care for an orange tree, it grows quickly and pleases with a beautiful crown. But, if you want your beautiful tree to also bear fruit over time, pay attention to the green thorns on the trunk: if they are solid already at the age of one, you have come across wild plant, the fruits of which are no good. Then it is worth carrying out the usual vaccination.

At home, a cultivated orange tree will begin to bear fruit 6 years after seed germination. What can be accelerated if you winter the orange at a temperature of +2 to +5 degrees, limiting watering and feeding.

Proper feeding and watering

For seedlings, a pot with a diameter of about 10 centimeters is well suited. The main thing is not to allow the humidity in the room to be below 40% - otherwise the plant will shed its leaves. And you can not water the orange tree with running water with chlorine - only distilled water, heated to 25-30 degrees Celsius.

Feed an orange tree diluted in 10 liters of water with 20 grams of ammonium nitrate, 25 grams of superphosphate and 15 grams of potassium salts. Four times a year, it will also need to be introduced into its top dressing. inkstone, and once a month water the orange tree with a solution of potassium permanganate - so that the leaves have a rich color.

It is necessary to replant a grown plant by the method of transshipment, with a solid earthen clod. With the beginning of a warm summer, take your tree to the garden, while protecting it well from the scorching sun.

More oxygen!

All citrus trees are a bit tricky to care for, and everyone loves to have their root system oxygenated. Therefore, to grow an orange tree, we recommend that you use large wooden blocks or pottery pots. And so that mold does not appear in any case, be sure to treat them inner surface blowtorch.

Also, all citrus trees need good drainage, and therefore always put small pebbles on the bottom of your tree, but without sharp edges. After all, citrus fruits have very tender roots.

As you can see, all citrus trees are propagated by seed and then grafted or cut. Can't you handle it? Yes, easily! And on quiet summer evenings, real exotic citrus trees will delight your garden!

general information

Orange is a very common and ancient citrus plant. The orange tree is not found in the wild. Presumably, the orange began to be cultivated around 4000 BC. in Southeast Asia. In ancient chronicles, he is mentioned earlier than others. citrus plants. In China, orange trees have been cultivated since 220 BC. This culture later spread to Egypt, North Africa, Mediterranean countries. The first Europeans to taste the orange were the soldiers of Alexander the Great. In Europe, from the 11th century, sour orange was first grown, brought by the Moors to the Mediterranean. Later, in the 15th century, the Portuguese crusaders brought an orange tree with sweet fruits from Palestine, so for a long time they were called "Portuguese fruits". At first, sweet orange was bred only in the gardens of aristocrats. They paid a lot of money to have an orange tree not with sour, but with sweet fruits. Juicy beautiful oranges were to the taste of noble persons and were served at the table as an exquisite delicacy. Orange trees, planted in tubs, adorned the gardens of the noble nobility in the summer, and for the winter they were removed to specially built premises - greenhouses (oranges). Orange in French "orange"; the name comes from the Arabic "naranji", which means "golden". French Renaissance gardeners managed to candied orange fruits right on the branches, so that the nobles, walking in the garden, could feast on ready-made candied fruit, removing them from the orange tree. The orange tree came to America in 1493, during the second voyage of Christopher Columbus to the shores of the New World. The native Indians liked the delicious fruits of the orange very much, and during their migrations across the expanses of America they lost orange grains, which unwittingly contributed to its spread. There are many interesting legends associated with the orange. One of them claims that it was not the apple, but the orange, that was the forbidden fruit that caused the expulsion of our forefathers from paradise. When Eve, succumbing to the temptation of the tempting serpent, ate the orange fruit from the tree of knowledge and offered Adam to taste it, the archangels blew their trumpets and showered her head with snow-white, fragrant flowers of the orange tree. But then came the "punishment of justice." Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden, and a cherub was placed at the entrance to prevent their return. In the Middle Ages, artists in their paintings often depicted an orange as a forbidden fruit, and only later - an apple. Fragrant white orange flowers were a symbol of chastity and purity of the brides of the last century. And until now, in many countries of the world, during a wedding celebration, the head of the bride is traditionally decorated with a wreath of delicate, fragrant orange flowers. In Russia, the fruits of orange were first tasted in the 17th century and the taste and aroma of "golden apples" were appreciated. The cultivation of orange is also of interest to lovers of indoor gardening. But the orange plant is quite whimsical and, without sufficient experience, it is not so easy to achieve its fruiting in the room. Indoor varieties there are relatively few oranges, but they all produce wonderful fruits, varied in terms of flavor, color and size. The most common and well-established is the old good variety of orange Washington Neyvl. It belongs to the so-called "navel" indoor oranges. Navel room oranges are usually the largest and sweetest. They have traces on the lower part of the fruit, slightly protruding from the peel of the second immature fruit. Among the indoor sweet varieties of indoor orange, there are so-called "red" oranges. This variety of indoor orange is smaller in fruit size, has a reddish color of very juicy pulp. These include the following varieties of oranges: Doblefina, Tomango. An interesting thin-skinned Temple orange, bred by breeders as a result of crossing a red orange and a tangerine. The fruits of this orange tree are distinguished by high palatability. In the collections of botanical gardens and experienced amateur citrus growers, there are other orange varieties suitable for growing in a room: Valencia, Gamlin, Gomozasa, Parson Brown. Less common in indoor gardening are orange tree hybrids with lemon (limonange) and tangerine (tangor), but the cultivation of these fruit indoor citrus trees is of undoubted interest to citrus growers. The content of a room orange is not much different from a traditional room lemon.

Landing (transfer)

For this purpose, take a pot of any material, the main thing is that the upper diameter should not exceed 10-15 cm, the height is approximately the same. At the bottom of the pot should be one or more small holes to drain excess water when watering. At the bottom of the pot, and this can be a plastic bucket, a wooden, ceramic, glass container, place expanded clay as drainage, or sand, and best of all, charcoal, which can be taken from an extinct fire in the forest, in a city park. The thickness of the drainage should not exceed 3-5 cm. Then sprinkle the drainage a little with wet sand. To transplant an orange seedling, a specially prepared soil of the “Orange” type is required, it is presented in our section “Soils and fertilizers for indoor plants” - “Soils for indoor plants”. Or prepare the soil yourself: the land for transplantation must be taken in the forest or in the park, under the old deciduous trees except oak, chestnut and poplar. It is necessary to take only the upper, most fertile layer of soil, 5-10 cm thick. Add sand to this land, preferably river sand, a little ash, and more humus, if available. The proportion is as follows: two glasses of hardwood, a glass of sand, three tablespoons of humus and one tablespoon of ash. Stir all this in any bowl, add a little water to get a thick creamy mass that will fill the entire volume of the pot well, leaving no air voids near the orange roots. Six months later, the orange must be transplanted into a pot larger by 5 cm in diameter. Spray the planted orange tree and water it with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), and then place it on a window sill, bay window or balcony prepared in advance so that the surface of the orange leaves is directed towards the light. Young orange plants should be repotted annually, at the end of winter; adult orange plants - after 3-4 years, by transshipment.

reproduction

Indoor orange is propagated mainly by grafting onto seedlings or by air layering, since cuttings are difficult to root, and in some varieties they do not take root at all. Poncirus trifoliata cannot be used as an orange rootstock, because due to its biological characteristics it is completely unsuitable for indoor cultivation of citrus fruits. A novice citrus grower should keep in mind that, having sowed a seed of any variety of indoor orange and grown a fruit-bearing tree from it, he will have to wait a very long time for the harvest - most often 10-15 years. The resulting orange fruits are most likely to be of poor quality, because in this case, varietal characteristics, as a rule, are not inherited. Therefore, seed propagation of the orange is not recommended.

Lighting

An orange tree should be kept on a southern sunny window. In summer, it is recommended to take an orange out into the open air - into the garden, onto the veranda, balcony, placing it in a place protected from the wind. It should be remembered that with a deficiency of sunlight, the fruits of the orange tree have hyperacidity. In winter, when there is little light, and the daylight hours are short, the orange plant needs to be highlighted, increasing the length of the day to 10-12 hours. During this period, if possible, it is better to keep indoor orange at a low air temperature, which will favorably affect spring bloom orange tree.

Air temperature

Indoor orange is more cold-resistant and photophilous than lemon. Only a south-facing window is suitable for keeping an orange tree - this is fundamentally important, since on the north side an orange tree develops more slowly and produces a few fruits of a sour taste. Orange loves direct sunlight, especially during the fruit ripening period. At enough warmth and light orange fruits become sweeter. In summer, it is advisable to take the orange tree out into the open air - this will provide it with better growth and development. But, in the early days, especially at noon, the orange tree should be darkened with gauze so that the orange leaves do not suffer from sunburn.

Watering

Orange should be watered as the top layer of soil dries, preventing the clod of earth in the pot from completely drying out. To determine soil moisture, do not be too lazy to take a little surface layer of soil with three fingers daily and squeeze it. If the earth sticks together, then it is not necessary to water, if it crumbles under the fingers, then it is time to water. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil daily (especially in summer) so that the entire earthen lump in the pot does not dry out from the high temperature and bright sun. The question of where to get water for irrigation, and what it should be, is also very difficult, and therefore we will dwell on it in detail. In a city apartment, drinking water is practically unsuitable for watering citrus plants, since it contains a large amount of compounds of alkaline earth metals and chlorine, which together and each individually cause great harm to the orange, causing leaf spot (chlorosis), alkalization of the soil, disrupt metabolic processes. Many authors recommend boiling tap water, but this does not always immediately lead to the desired result, unnecessary efforts often scare away potential window fruit growers, so I recommend taking hot tap water. Such water contains less chlorine and is softer. In addition, water for irrigation must be defended for at least a day in an open vessel to completely remove chlorine, which is extremely detrimental to citrus fruits. In a rural house, water can be taken from a well, but it is better from a lake or stream and left in a room for heating. Rainwater now contains a lot of harmful impurities, so do not collect it to water the orange tree. In any case, wherever water is taken, it must be left for at least a day in an open vessel at room temperature and only then water the orange. In winter, the orange is at rest, its growth processes are inhibited and, accordingly, it needs less water. Therefore, the intervals between waterings should be increased.

spraying

It must be well remembered that in addition to watering, an orange, at least once a day, especially in summer, should be sprayed with water from a spray bottle or in any other way to create moisture, to wash off dust from the orange branches, so that the leaves of the orange tree "breathe". At least once a month, it is advisable to put an orange tree in a bath, cover plastic wrap earth in a pot and treat the entire crown with cotton wool and soapy suds. Then you don't have to deal with heavy pest control. At the same time, do not forget to tie the stem of the orange tree below with gauze or a bandage so that the soapy water is absorbed into the fabric and does not enter the soil.

Fertilizer

In winter, the orange is not fed, in the spring and summer the orange is fed - once every two weeks. Any top dressing should be done only the next day after watering, i.e. when the soil in the pot is damp, otherwise you can burn the roots. Pour the fertilizer under the plant until the solution starts to flow out of the drainage holes. To feed an orange seedling, you need fertilizer of the "Orange" type, it is presented on our website "Soils and fertilizers for indoor plants" - "Fertilizers for indoor plants". Top dressing with fish ear of adult plants, at least one meter high, once a month enhances the fruiting of the orange tree. They do it this way: 200 grams of fish waste or small unsalted fish are boiled in two liters of water for half an hour. Then dilute the solution with cold water and filter through cheesecloth. This fertilizer must be used together with the Orange fertilizer mentioned above.

Pests

Enemies for an orange are sucking and gnawing pests, as well as fungi and viruses. The most common pests are: spider mite; shield (false shield). They are controlled by chemical and biological preparations, which are more acceptable in open soil conditions of subtropics and greenhouses. It is advisable not to use pesticides in apartments. The signs of damage by a spider mite are as follows: white dots appear on the old leaves on the underside, and the reddish mite itself is visible to the naked eye. If you touch it, it starts to move quickly. Young orange leaves are twisted into a "boat" and entangled in a white cobweb. To combat the tick, tobacco dust, garlic, laundry soap are used. Take 1 tablespoon of tobacco dust and pour a glass of boiling water, insist for 6 days. 10 grams of laundry soap is added to the resulting tincture and the plant is sprayed 3 times with an interval of 6 days. Garlic is used as follows: one head of garlic is kneaded, poured with a glass of hot water and infused for 2 days. The solution is filtered and spraying is carried out in the same way as above. When an orange is affected by a scale insect, brown-gray shiny rounded formations, 3-5 mm in diameter, are visible on the surface of young and old leaves. They are located along the veins on the top and bottom of the leaf, as well as on the branches themselves. In the initial stage, these growths are almost transparent, whitish in color and poorly visible. With a strong lesion, sticky gum appears on the surface of old orange leaves, and in the late stage they are covered with a black sticky coating, which is very difficult to wash off with water. From scale insects, water-oil emulsions effectively help. One teaspoon of machine oil is stirred in one glass of warm water, 40 grams of laundry soap, 2 tablespoons of washing powder are added. Before processing, the soil in the pot is covered with plastic wrap, the stem is tied at the bottom with a bandage. This is done in order to prevent the emulsion from entering the soil. Processing is done with a cotton or gauze swab. A water-oil emulsion is applied to all surfaces of orange branches and leaves. After 3-4 hours, wash everything off under the shower, making sure that the emulsion does not get into the soil. Processing is carried out 3 times with an interval of 6 days.

Orange (lat. Citrus sinensis) is a species of flowering plants of the dicotyledonous class, the sapindo-colored order, the rue family, the genus citrus. Orange is a cultivated hybrid form, most likely bred by crossing and pomelo.

The orange got its name from the Dutch word appelsien or the German Apfelsine, which translates as “from China”, “Chinese apple”.

Orange - description and characteristics. How oranges grow.

The orange plant is a sufficiently powerful evergreen tree, the height of which depends on the variety: vigorous varieties of orange grow up to 12 m in height, dwarf forms have a height of about 4-6 m, trees for indoor cultivation reach 2-2.5 m in height. The most compact orange trees grow up to 60-80 cm.

The orange tree is distinguished by a dense dense crown of a round or pyramidal shape, and thorns up to 8-10 cm long often grow on its shoots. Orange leaves are dark green, dense, oval in shape with a sharp tip, growing up to 15 cm long and about 10 cm wide The edge of the leaf may be wavy, and at the very surface of the leaf there are special glands containing aromatic oil. One leaf lives for about 2 years, and on an orange tree, old and young leaves grow at the same time, performing different functions. Young orange leaves are responsible for photosynthesis, with their help the tree breathes, while the old leaves are a reservoir for nutrients. The period of intense leaf fall (about 25%) occurs in February and March, and the orange tree loses another quarter of the old leaves during the year.

Roots.

Orange roots, unlike others fruit trees, do not have root hairs necessary to absorb moisture and nutrition from the soil. But on the roots there are special capsules with colonies of special soil fungi that form mycorrhiza with orange roots. Orange supplies amino acids and carbohydrates to mushrooms, and in return receives moisture and minerals, which mushrooms provide in a form that is easily digestible for the plant. The overgrown mycelium of mushrooms does not tolerate drought, lowering the temperature of the soil and exposing the roots on which it grows, therefore oranges are very demanding on moisture, heat and suffer greatly when transplanted without a clod of earth.

Flowers.

The orange has large bisexual flowers, white or Pink colour, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary or growing in inflorescences of 6 pieces. Bookmark flower buds occurs in early spring, the flowers can stay in the bud stage for about a month, then open at a temperature of 16-18 degrees and bloom for about 2-3 days.

Fruit.

The fruit of an orange is called an orange. It is distinguished by a round or oval shape and has a structure typical of other types of citrus fruits. Such a fruit, which comes from the upper ovary, is called a hesperidium (one of the varieties of a berry-like fruit). Thus, the orange fruit is a fruit and a berry.

The pulp of an orange consists of 9-13 detachable segments covered with thin film. Each lobule contains many juice-filled sacs that are formed from the inner epidermis of the carpels. The taste of orange pulp can be sweet, sweet and sour, or bitter.

Some fruits do not form seeds, but most oranges do contain multi-seed seeds, arranged in a slice one above the other.

Peel.

The smooth or porous peel of an orange is up to 5 mm thick, its top layer, the flavedo (zest), contains many rounded glands filled with essential oil. The white spongy layer that covers the inside of the peel is called the albedo. Due to its loose structure, the flesh of an orange lags behind the skin quite easily. According to the variety and stage of ripeness, the orange peel makes up 17 to 42% of the total weight of the fruit. Orange peel color can be greenish, pale yellow, bright orange and orange red.

Ripening dates.

Orange is a remontant plant capable of re-blooming and fruit setting, so an orange tree can simultaneously contain buds, flowers and fruits in different stages ripeness. The ripening of oranges lasts about 8-9 months, and the ripened fruits can remain on the branches for a long time, and in the spring they turn green again, and by autumn they acquire a characteristic Orange color. Seeds of fruits ripening within 2 seasons are of better quality, but the pulp loses its taste and beneficial features.

How long does an orange grow?

The orange tree grows rapidly (annual growth is about 40-50 cm) and begins to bear fruit 8-12 years after planting. The life cycle of an orange tree is about 75 years, although individual specimens live up to 100-150 years and produce about 38 thousand fruits in a harvest year.

The birthplace of the orange is Southeast Asia (China), in the 16th century, an exotic fruit came to Europe, and then to Africa and the USA. Nowadays, orange is widely cultivated in many regions of the tropical and subtropical climatic zones, and Brazil, China and the USA are the leaders in fruit export. Spain, Italy, India, Pakistan, Argentina, Morocco, Syria, Greece, Egypt and Iran are slightly behind.

Types and varieties of oranges, photos and names.

According to the speed of ripening, varieties of oranges are divided into:

• early;
• mid-early;
• Late.

Depending on the size, shape, taste, color of the fruit and pulp, orange varieties are divided into 2 main groups:

1. Light oranges (with orange flesh);
   • Ordinary (oval) oranges;
   • navel oranges;
2. King oranges (with reddish flesh).

A more detailed description of this classification is given below.

Ordinary or oval oranges- large group high-yielding varieties, which are distinguished by a round or oval shape of fruits and tasty, sweet and sour pulp of bright yellow color, containing many seeds. Oranges are medium to large in size, and the skin is thin, pale orange or yellow, well fused with the flesh. The most famous varieties of ordinary oranges:

• Hamlin (Hamlin) – early ripe variety oranges with small or medium size fruits of a rounded or slightly flattened shape and thin, even skin of yellow color. Grown mainly in Brazil and the USA, it has excellent transportability and is stored for a long time, it is actively used in indoor floriculture;
• Verna- a late variety of oranges of Spanish origin, with medium-sized or medium-sized elongated, low-seeded fruits containing sweet, tasty pulp;
• Salustiana- a late-ripening orange variety of high economic importance in Spain and Morocco. The fruits are characterized by an oval-spherical or slightly flattened shape and a yellow-orange color of a thin, easily peeled peel. The juicy slices are pitted and have a sweet, buttery flavor.

Navel Oranges (Navel)- a group of varieties, on the trees of which thorns do not grow, and the fruits have a characteristic mastoid outgrowth-navel at the top, a reduced second fruit. Navel oranges are the largest, the average fruit weight is about 200-250 g, and some specimens weigh up to 600 g. A distinctive feature of most varieties is also a rough, easily detachable peel and exceptional consumer qualities: juicy, orange pulp, sweet taste with a slight sourness and a refined citrus aroma. The most popular varieties of navel oranges:

• Washington Navel (Washingtoh Navel)- a variety of bright orange oranges of important world economic importance, known since the 17th century, as well as one of the few oranges that successfully bear fruit in the Transcaucasus. Medium and large orange fruits have a round or slightly elongated shape and weight from 170 to 300 g. Orange pulp is bright orange, sweet with a slight sourness and a small number of seeds. The Washington Navel orange is one of the popular varieties for home breeding;
• Navel Late (Navel Late)- a late variety of oranges, very similar to the Washington Navel variety, but differing in more tender pulp and increased keeping quality;
• Thomson Navel (Thomsonnavel) - a variety of round or oval oranges with a characteristic small navel and relatively thin, light orange skin with small pores. The pulp of the fruit, compared to Washington Navel, is more fibrous and not as juicy;
• Navelina (Navelina)- the earliest variety of small and medium oranges with a small navel. Rounded or ovoid fruits have a thin, finely porous orange peel and loose, sweet pulp.
• Of particular note is the variety of oranges Kara-Kara (Cara Cara navelorange), which is a mutation of the Washington Navel variety and was found in Venezuela in 1976. Kara-Kara inherited most of the characteristics of the original variety: the navel, the orange color of a well-separated zest and the exceptional taste of juicy pulp. But its main difference is the flesh of a ruby ​​​​hue, comparable to the color of the pulp of the darkest grapefruits. An interesting feature of the variety is the ability to produce a number of variegated shoots, on which striped fruits subsequently develop.

Blood orange, king orange or king orange- This is a group of varieties that has in its composition anthocyanins, pigments that give the fruits and their pulp a blood-red color. Blood orange also has a name Sicilian orange, since the first landings appeared precisely in Sicily. The king orange is a natural mutation of the common orange. The trees of this varietal group are distinguished by long ripening periods, short stature and an elongated crown. The fruit of the blood orange is characterized by a rounded, slightly ribbed shape and a poorly detachable peel of brown, red or dark orange color. The flesh of the kinglet is distinguished by red, orange, burgundy or red-striped color, and the fruits are especially valued for their exquisite sweet and sour taste and excellent aroma. According to historians, blood oranges have been grown in Sicily since the 9th-10th centuries. They are currently cultivated throughout Italy, Spain, Morocco and the US states of Florida and California.

There are 3 main varieties of blood oranges:

• Moro orange (Moro) - a fairly young variety, bred in early XIX century in Sicily in the province of Syracuse. The skin of a blood orange is orange or reddish-orange, and the flesh is blood-streaked orange, bright crimson, or almost black. Fruit diameter from 5 to 8 cm. Weight 170-210 grams. Moro oranges have a strong citrus aroma with a hint of or forest berries and bitter taste.

• orange Sanguinello (Sanguinello) originally from Spain, similar to the Moro orange and cultivated in the Northern Hemisphere. The blood orange fruit has an orange peel with a reddish tinge, sweet red flesh with red spots, which contains few seeds. The fruits ripen from February to March.

• orange Tarocco (Tarocco) Considered one of the most popular Italian varieties, it is believed to be the product of a natural mutation of the Sanguinello orange. Tarocco oranges are medium in size, have a thin orangey-red skin and do not have pronounced red pigmentation of the pulp, therefore they are called “half-breeds”. Thanks to their juiciness, sweet taste, lack of pits and high content of vitamin C, Tarocco red oranges are considered one of the most sought-after varieties in the world. Cultivated on fertile soils near Mount Etna.

Orange hybrids, photos and names.

Crossing the orange with other citrus species has given rise to a number of interesting hybrid forms.

A hybrid of sweet orange and three-leafed poncirus, the purpose of which was to breed a cold-resistant orange. Citranzh tolerates a drop in air temperature to -10 degrees, but its fruits have a bitter taste. Citrange is commonly used in the preparation of drinks, marmalade or jam.

A hybrid of citrange and kumquat, it is a compact tree, sometimes with small thorns, producing round or oval fruits with an elongated neck. Eaten fresh or used to make marmalade and lemonade.

- one of the types of citranzhquat, a hybrid of orange, margarita kumquat and three-leafed poncirus. Fruits are yellow or yellow-orange in color, medium size, oval or pear-shaped. The peel is thin and bitter, the flesh with a small number of seeds, very sour when unripe, becomes quite edible when fully ripe.

- a hybrid of mandarin and orange beetle. The fruits of the hybrid are visually similar to tangerines, but differ in a firmer skin, rich sweet taste and juicy pulp. The second variety of clementine is a hybrid of mandarin and bitter Seville orange, bred in Algeria in 1902. The fruits are small, orange, with a hard skin.

Clementines are usually divided into three types:

• Corsican clementine - its fruits are medium in size, covered with an orange-red skin, the pulp is fragrant, there are no seeds in it;
• Spanish clementine can have both small and larger fruits with bright orange pulp of a sour taste. The fruit contains two to ten seeds;
• Montreal clementine - rare view citrus with sour fruits containing 10-12 seeds.

Santina (English)Suntina) - a hybrid of clementine and orlando. Bright orange fruits of medium or large size, with a thin skin, are distinguished by a sweet taste and strong aroma. The ripening period is from late November to March.

Tangor (English)Tangor, temple orange) - the result of crossing sweet orange and tangerine. The fruits are medium or large, can reach 15 cm in diameter. The shape of the fruit is slightly flattened, the peel is of medium thickness, porous, yellow or deep orange. The presence of seeds depends on the variety of tangor. The flesh of tangors is very fragrant, orange, has a sour or sweet and sour taste.

Ellendale (eng.Ellendale tangor) - citrus hybrid, a variety of tangor, obtained by crossing tangerine, mandarin and orange. Citrus is native to Australia. The fruits are medium to large in size, juicy, with a reddish-orange rind and very sweet, fragrant, dark orange flesh. The skin is thin, smooth and easy to peel. Seeds may vary in number or be absent altogether.

Orangelo (eng.Orangelo) or chironha (Spanish)Chironja) supposedly considered a natural hybrid of grapefruit and orange. The fruit is native to Puerto Rico. The fruits are large, the size of a grapefruit, have a slightly elongated or pear-shaped shape. When ripe, the peel is bright yellow, thin and smooth, quite easily separated from the pulp. There are few seeds. The pulp is orange-orange, tender, juicy. The taste is sweeter, similar to orange and lacks the bitterness of grapefruit.

ugly fruit or ugly (eng.Ugli fruits) - This is the result of crossing a tangerine, grapefruit (or pomelo) and orange. Agli fruits grow in Jamaica, they are not very beautiful in appearance due to a rough and wrinkled peel. The diameter of the fruit is from 10 to 15 cm. The color of the fruit varies from green to yellow-green and orange. Despite some unattractiveness, the pulp of the agli fruit is very tasty and has a grapefruit note. The fruiting period is from December to April.

Grapefruit (lat.Citrus paradisi) according to scientists, it is a natural hybrid of orange and pomelo. The fruits are large, with a diameter of 10 to 15 cm, with juicy sweet and sour pulp with a slight bitterness. The color of the pulp, depending on the variety, can be almost white, light pink, yellow or reddish. The skin is yellow or reddish.

Meyer lemon (lat.Citrus meyeri) - presumably the result of hybridization with an orange or a tangerine. Large fruits have a rounded shape, when mature, the peel acquires a yellow-orange hue. The flesh is dark yellow, juicy and not as acidic as a regular lemon, and contains seeds.

Natsudaidai (Natsumikan, Amanatsu) (Eng.Amanatsu, natsumican) - a natural hybrid of orange and pomelo (or grapefruit). The plant was first discovered in Japan in the 17th century. The fruit has a fairly thick peel of yellow-orange color, it is eaten fresh, but its juicy pulp tastes quite sour. The fruit contains many seeds.

Orange calories.

100 g of orange contains 36 kcal.

Nutritional value of orange per 100g:

• Proteins - 0.9 g;
• Fats - 0.2 g;
• Carbohydrates - 8.2 g;
• Water - 87 g.

Orange: benefit and harm.

Beneficial features.

The exceptional popularity of the orange is due not only to the excellent taste of its fruits, but also to the unique chemical composition with a high content of nutrients found in the pulp, juice, zest and seeds. The main advantage of the orange is the high content of vitamin C (50 mg per 100 g), because 150 g of orange satisfies the daily human need for ascorbic acid. Orange fruits have a general strengthening effect on the body and increase immunity.

Orange contains a number of vitamins and minerals necessary for the human body:

• Vitamins B, A, PP, E;
• Minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc);
• pectins;
• Phytoncides;
• Anthocyanins;
• Sugar;
• Citric and salicylic acid;
• Essential oil of orange.

A balanced combination of useful substances allows the use of oranges in the complex treatment of a number of pathological conditions:

• obesity;
• colds and various viral diseases, high fever;
• anemia, anemia, weakness, loss of appetite;
• chronic constipation;
• atherosclerosis;
• hypertension;
• gout;
• liver disease;
• scurvy;
• periodontal disease and bleeding gums;
• gastritis and low acidity of the stomach;
• vascular and heart diseases;
• urolithiasis disease;
• lead poisoning;
• increased nervous excitability.

In order not to lose essential oils, bioflavonoids and pectins, which are rich in zest and seeds, it is recommended to squeeze oranges for juice as a whole.

Orange leaves purify the air and saturate the room with phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on various pathogenic bacteria. This property is one of the factors in favor of breeding oranges at home.