Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the country. Secrets of growing mushrooms in your own dacha

Eco-friendly homestead. The cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the estate is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some of the features and then the cultivation of porcini mushrooms will be effective.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the estate - uhit is not a myth, but a reality.

The main thing is to know some of the features and then the cultivation of porcini mushrooms will be effective (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have his own requirements for caring for him). There are two ways to grow porcini mushrooms. The first method is growing with mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.

A little about the mushroom itself.

White mushroom is considered to be the most valuable among edible mushrooms. He has a fleshy big hat and a thick, bulging white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white, because it does not darken during preparation and preparation. Excellent aromatic light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes are prepared with this mushroom.

All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in the mushroom picker basket. And if he grows in his own garden, then that's even better.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms from mycelium

This is the first way to grow in case you don't have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow in this way, firstly, you need to purchase mycelium porcini mushroom... The Internet will help in finding sellers.

In addition to the mycelium, you will need:

growing deciduous trees or conifers, better not very old (about 8-14 years old, mainly oaks, pines and birches);
branches, moss, fallen leaves;
compost.

May to September- the most suitable time for planting porcini mycelium.

So - everything is ready, the season is right, we start planting:

1. We will prepare a landing site. To do this, you need to remove with a shovel near the tree trunk upper layer land (10-20 cm thick) in such a way as to obtain a roughly round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.

2. Place either compost or 1 to 2 cm thick soil with a high peat content on the bare area, and put pieces of porcini mycelium on top. Insert mycelium in a checkerboard pattern every 25-30 cm. One package of mycelium should be enough for one tree.

3. Cover everything with the layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the landing site. Water must be poured carefully through a spray bottle to avoid eroding the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.

4. I recommend covering the porcini planting area with a 20-40 cm layer of straw to maintain the soil moisture at 40%. The mycelium should not dry out. From time to time, the site will need to be watered to maintain required humidity... It is recommended to add effective microorganisms to the water during irrigation (for example, Baikal EM-1). This increases the likelihood of seedlings.

5. To protect against frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Covering radius - about 2m. In the spring, when there will be no more chances of a return of severe frosts, remove the "coverlet".

The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium has taken root. And so the porcini mushrooms on the estate will delight you for about 3-4 years. If you water the soil with mycelium from time to time with water with effective microorganisms (EM), then you can harvest longer - sometimes even up to 7 years.

As you can see, the technology of growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.

Growing porcini mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps

As in the first option, you need conifers or deciduous trees from 8 to 12 years old.

And now it's time to go to the forest for mushrooms, that is, for the so-called " seed material". Such material is the fruiting bodies of the porcini mushrooms and, of course, the caps. Your goal is more mature mushrooms (at least 5-10 pcs.) With caps 10-20 cm in diameter. When breaking, the pulp should have a slight greenish tint. If the mushrooms are infected with insect larvae, it's not scary.

Now let's get down to the planting process itself.

The cultivation of porcini mushrooms using caps is somewhat similar to the cultivation of the previous method, but it also has its own characteristics. To grow in this way, we need:

prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
prepare a place for sowing;
"Sow" mushrooms.

And now about this in more detail:

How to prepare the "seed" of porcini mushrooms?

Place the porcini mushrooms (5-10 pcs.) Collected for sowing in a bucket of water (preferably rainwater) and leave them to soak for a day. After insisting, mash the mushrooms with your hands right in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or a cloth with rare pores. Do not throw away the pulp that remains. She will also need to be planted. Thus, you got a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.

Preparation of the site for sowing and the "sowing" of porcini mushrooms itself

The sowing site is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the seeding process is different.

With this method of planting on a bare plot of land, it is necessary to pour the strained solution onto the roots of the tree (about 2 liters per one square meter). After watering, place the mushroom tissue on top of the roots that remains after straining. After that, cover everything with earth that was previously removed near this tree, and pour water over it. As with the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.

Take care of the site, as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms using mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and for the winter (and especially before the first winter after planting), cover the ground around the tree. Remove the covering material in the spring.

Watering is enough once a week with 4-5 buckets of water per tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If it rains frequently, then, of course, you can reduce the watering.

After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.

By the way, if you "sow" the mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear next autumn, it means that parts of the caps of the porcini mushrooms have taken root. Well, if the mushrooms appear in 2 years, then the spores have taken root.

As with the mycelium growing method, you will be mushrooming for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own porcini mushrooms, plant them again using the same method in a few years.

What do you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium taking root?

Mushrooms can take root better with the following guidelines (some of them work well for both growing methods).

When looking for mushrooms for further landing, choose mushrooms such that grow near the same tree species near which you plan to plant. That is, if an oak grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms near the oak too. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect "seed" near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.

After picking the mushrooms, they must be immediately soaked (maximum 10 hours after harvest) and sowed the next day. It is impossible to store mushrooms before soaking for more than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You won't grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so don't even try to freeze them so that you can plant them later.

When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), sugar or alcohol can be added to the water. This will help the mycelium to take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are put to soak. The amount of alcohol is 3-4 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, then it should only be granulated sugar. Refined sugar cannot be used. You need 50 grams of sugar per 10 liters of water.

2-3 hours before planting the mushrooms, the bare land should be watered with a special disinfection solution. But fear not, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not be affected. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your porcini mushrooms.

A solution of tannins is used to disinfect the site. One tree needs 2-3 liters of such a solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. Watering the area can only be done with a chilled solution.

You can prepare a tanning solution from:

from black tea

For cooking 1 l ready-made solution you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait until it cools down.

oak bark

For 1 liter of water, 30 g of oak bark is taken. Boil for an hour. In the process of boiling, add water to the original volume.
Mushrooms are planted until mid-September. Later they will take root worse or not at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will provide her with the best wintering conditions.

The best time for planting porcini mushrooms is August-mid-September.

And again: watch the humidity in the area of the planted mushrooms. In hot summer, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water once a week.

Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. You will have to work a little, but this is the king of mushrooms and it is worth it. And imagine how you watch the growth of fungi, without fear that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory ...

Growing porcini mushrooms on the estate will provide you with your personal "forest" harvest. I wish you good harvests and may you succeed in growing porcini mushrooms the first time. published

Many people like to pick mushrooms. But it is not always possible to break out into the forest in search of the cherished gift of nature. You can please yourself and move a piece of forest to your garden, right to your dacha, and grow your favorite mushrooms on your own.

, champignons, as well as porcini mushrooms. You can also try to grow mushrooms, morels, chanterelles and boletus on your garden plot. The process of breeding the latter is laborious and not justified.

The best mushrooms to grow on summer cottage:

Oyster mushrooms. Harvest time is late summer - early fall, until October. In the first year, up to 0.5-0.6 kg can be harvested from one bush. The mycelium does not need to be dug out for the winter, it is not afraid of frost. In favorable conditions, crops can be harvested for more than one year.
Morels are the first spring mushrooms. Their germination time is April-May. Their appearance is quite peculiar, it is difficult to confuse them with other species. Morel comes in regular and brown. The first is characterized by an oval cap, and the second type is long, elongated upward, and expanding downward. Appearance the hat itself is extravagant, in the form of a honeycomb. They do not like the neighborhood of apple trees, so they are usually grown in orchards.
Champignons are the most common domesticated species. It grows in any conditions and under any trees, be it a Christmas tree, pine or fruit tree, or even berry bush... Disputes can be bought at a specialist store or online. The most reliable method for collecting planting material is to dig a fruiting mycelium in the forest. Champignons like dung heaps or compost pits... They will not give up the abundance of moisture and shade. But the land is preferred with a large composition of organic matter.
White mushrooms. The most difficult to grow type. For successful germination, they need a tree under which the mycelium grows in wildlife. And, most importantly, the tree should not be an annual sapling, but a fully formed specimen up to 30 years old. It is desirable that the pine be a long-liver. Does not tolerate proximity to fruit plants.

Thus, it is easy and simple to grow your favorite gifts of nature at home. Myceliums grown with their own hands will delight with abundant harvests for more than one year.

Methods for growing mushrooms in the country

There are several effective ways cultivation:

A fruiting mycelium brought from the forest. Every mushroom picker knows what to look for under trees or near the roots. At the time of the search, it is important to note a good family and to dig the soil under it 3 cm deep. It is not necessary to dig out the entire mycelium completely, but only part of it. Otherwise, when removing the entire mycelium, on next year there will be no more mushrooms in this place. The soil layer is carefully transported to the dacha or personal plot. In order for the planting material to take root successfully, favorable conditions should be created. It is necessary to select and prepare the area. After determining the location, a layer of wood or straw is laid on the soil. Then the mycelium is placed in a substrate and covered with straw again. If the planting was successful, then in a month there is an opportunity to get the first harvest.
Transfer of an old stump affected by mycelium or tree bark... When transporting an old stump or lumps, you can bring along with the desired colony not only conditionally edible, but also poisonous ones. If there is already an old tree in the garden, you can try to populate it. for this, a hole must be made inside the trunk and mycelium must be planted in it. It is recommended to water actively. The result will not keep you waiting long. The same process can be done with old stumps on the site. But there is one catch, the stump from which the mycelium was taken and the rotten residue from the tree, where they are going to move, must be of the same breed. Otherwise, will be spent extra effort and hope, and the mycelium is simply flawed.

Germination with spores. Planting material can be brought from the forest. It is required to collect old overripe mushrooms together with caps. At home, they should be thoroughly gutted and scattered over the required area. Moisten well the inhabited area. This method implies the creation of conditions close to the forest. It should be located away from berry and vegetable crops.

By diluting a special solution. Overripe mushrooms brought from the forest are ground into dust. Add 1 spoonful of flour and gelatin powder to the gunpowder. After that, water is added to the batch, with which it is necessary to water the prepared area under the trees. Over time, the spores activate growth and form a fungus root. Within 2 seasons, the mycelium reaches the desired size and begins to bear fruit abundantly.

Oyster mushrooms are fast-growing and abundantly fruiting mushrooms. Before disembarking mycelium, they prepare a room: a garage, a cellar, a basement. It is recommended to disinfect it with a solution of lime (4%) and close it for up to 2 days. After the allotted time, you should ventilate so that there is no smell. There should be two such rooms: germinating and vegetable.

The second stage is soil preparation. It is made from corn cobs, sunflower seed husks, tree sawdust, cereals or straw. You can use one type of compost, or combine them with each other.

Soil preparation procedure:

moisten the mixture with warm water
leave to swell for 30 minutes
drain the liquid, squeeze out the composition of the substrate
pour boiling water for 7 hours, pressing down with pressure from above
after the time has elapsed, drain the water and squeeze out the humus
add urea, young limestone, superphosphate and gypsum to the resulting composition

Wet prepared soil is poured into plastic bags. Small holes are made in them through which young mushrooms will sprout. The diameter of the holes is up to 2 cm, the distance between each of them is up to 20 cm.

The soil needs to be placed in bags in a specific order.

Initially fill up the substrate by 15-20 cm. the next layer gently lay out the layer of mycelium so that it fills the space by 2/3. The bag is now tied and transported to the germination room. It is recommended to either hang the bags or lay them in rows. The temperature in the preparation room should not exceed +24 C, and in bags - up to +28 C. High humidity is recommended - up to 95%. No lighting required.

Germinating myceliums are periodically ventilated. As soon as the process of mycelium formation has begun, the containers should be immediately transferred to the plant room. Main room be sure to frequently refill with fresh oxygen. Humidity remains at the same level as in the previous room. The temperature is reduced to + 12 + 18 C.

Spraying devices or small tubs of water should be distributed throughout the premises, which will evaporate the water. For using conventional fluorescent lamps. 12 hours - this is how long the daylight hours should last. When the growth of the mycelium is activated, the first small mushrooms will begin to germinate, the holes must be expanded. You can cut the first crop already on the eighth day after the first shoots appear.

How to grow champignons

Champignons love places with high humidity and big amount nutrient organic matter. For germination, mushrooms practically do not need sunlight... They are not capricious and happily grow in orchards.

If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself. Take 50 kg of either cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, as well as 20 kg of straw, everything is mixed and. You can add to the recommended composition food waste... The whole mixture is compacted tightly and sprinkled with water. It is required to cover plastic wrap and leave for 2-3 weeks until the smell of ammonia disappears.

After 3 weeks, you can prepare a place to house a young family. A trench is dug in width - according to the size of the mycelium, and to a depth of no more than 30 cm.The dug strip is filled with prepared substrate, watered abundantly. The main thing remains - to add mycelium. Planting material can be bought in a special store or found in wildlife.

If a decision is made to bring a mushroom family from the forest, then you need to know the edible species:

Field
Garden
White
Two-ring

The colony brought from the forest or purchased is placed on a prepared trench, covered with straw from above. It is necessary to do landing measures when the temperature outside is set to +20 C.

In addition to planting the finished mycelium, you can collect ripe specimens and crush them in the required area. The place is watered abundantly by irrigation. You should not allow the earth to be tamped in this zone, as the nascent spores may die and all efforts will be in vain. The germination time of young plant individuals will not take much time. After 2 months, the gardener will enjoy his first own harvest.

You can plant porcini mushrooms in several ways: transplanting, planting ready-made material and seedlings. The planting period is from May to October. In addition, planting work should be done only after sunset.

When landing, you should carefully follow all the technology:

The dug out mycelium should be placed in a place where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It is necessary to plant in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug.
It is recommended to prepare the soil for successful germination. In front of the selected tree, at a distance of 0.5 m, dig a layer of earth 30 cm deep. Place fallen leaves, sawdust or wood dust on the bottom of the hole. Sprinkle on top with soil, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores is laid out. After the procedure, irrigate and cover the foliage on top. Water abundantly for the first 2-3 weeks in dry weather.

The second method is planting the finished material:

Before planting the purchased mycelium, it is recommended to choose a place under a tree in a humid environment.
Having stepped back from the tree 70 cm, remove the top layer 50 cm.
Place a mixture of sawdust, leaves and earth prepared in advance on the bottom of the pit, at 20 cm.Pour a layer of soil by 10 cm on top.
Compost is applied next, and then the mycelium is placed, sprinkled with soil and foliage.
The planted family can bear fruit as early as next year under favorable conditions for planting and rooting.

More information can be found in the video:

The last way is to plant seedlings:

The caps of porcini mushrooms brought from the forest are finely chopped, rubbed on a grater or meat grinder. The resulting slurry is poured with liquid and infused for less than 24 hours. While the seedlings are preparing, a location should be selected.
Dig up the soil under a certain trunk.
To increase the fertility of the soil, they are fed with compost.
After the specified time has elapsed, the infusion from the ground material is evenly poured onto the prepared area. This place should be covered with leaves.

The porcini mushroom is picky. It should not be planted next to and. All efforts will be in vain, the mushrooms will not take root.

Growing mushrooms in the country is a rather exotic activity that can improve your well-being by an order of magnitude. Mushrooms can be called a unique product. However, we use them infrequently, as they grow seasonally and for a fairly short period of time. Everyone can grow mushrooms in the country. This activity is quite fun and interesting. In addition to this, mushrooms will always be available and can appear on your table whenever you want. Growing mushrooms in the country has many advantages.

Growing mushrooms nowadays has many benefits. First, it becomes possible to provide oneself, one's family, relatives and friends with this product throughout the year. Secondly, this kind of cultivation can improve your financial income quite well. V last years a large number of enterprises buy mushrooms from private traders on an ongoing basis. This fact is a guarantee that by starting such cultivation, you are guaranteed not to lose anything. Moreover, this case does not require significant financial investments. Therefore, if there is time and a sincere desire, then it is worth trying.

Mushroom planting site is the key to success

The classic Russian mushroom: cep, boletus, boletus, chanterelle, milk mushroom and many others have valuable nutritional characteristics. To enjoy a delicious and healthy menu prepared from these plant gifts of Nature every year, you need to plant Forest mushrooms at your summer cottage using one of the methods described above. The main requirement for the cultivation of forest mycelium is the placement of mushroom plantings outside the germination zone of fruit, berry and vegetable plantings. The mushroom zone should resemble the natural environment as much as possible, where neutral deciduous species and conifers predominate.

Growing mushrooms with spores

It is not necessary to buy mycelium! The easiest way to acquire a mycelium is to sow spores that have ripened in the caps of forest mushrooms, for example, white ones. Only overripe hats are good, including wormy ones - those that you would not cut in the forest. Bring them to the dacha, put them in a bucket and fill them with water, preferably rain or river water.

Further options are possible. The main thing is that you need to start the process that takes place in the “stomach of a hedgehog or elk”, the fermentation process - that's when the spores will be ready for reproduction. One of the gardening magazines advises you to do this: throw a few tablespoons of sugar into the water or splash the leaven from kvass, put the caps carefully mashed by your hands into the water to get a homogeneous mass. Then let it stand for at least a day, or better longer, some sources indicate a period of several weeks. Remember to stir occasionally. When you decide to start planting, strain the infusion through a coarse sieve. You do not need the mass settled at the bottom - you need to use a concentrated liquid with spores. Feel free to dilute it with water in a proportion of one to a hundred and water everything from a watering can nooks your site.

Can be purposefully created on garden plot mushroom clearing - cut off the sod from the chosen place with a knife, spill from the watering can with a solution with spores (diluted 1:10), and then close everything again with the removed sod, moisten the top with plain water. In dry times, do not forget to moisturize your mushroom plot. It is very good if you slightly mulch this place with fallen leaves - the mushrooms will feel "at home." Add an extra layer of leaf mulch for the winter.

Growing with mycelium

How to grow mushrooms in the country using mycelium? First you need to find her in the forest. The earth is carefully cut off in a small layer and transferred to the summer cottage (so that it does not crumble). You need to plant the brought myceliums to a new place immediately. To do this, you need to prepare a small hole in advance. Such a transplant is done only in the morning or in the evening. The most the best time for her - the transition from summer to autumn (plus or minus one week). At this time, there is still enough moisture and heat in the ground.

Watering the place where the mycelium was transferred should be daily, even in inclement weather. If everything is done correctly, then a harvest can be expected in a year. To maintain it, you need to throw pieces of mushrooms into this place every year.

Growing mushrooms from mycelium

One of the most popular methods among mushroom pickers. Ready-made mycelium can be purchased - it is readily available in many garden stores. Before proceeding with this method, prepare the site and soil. Choose a location in the shade of trees where the soil is moist. At a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk, remove the top layer of earth to a depth of 0.5 m. Calculate the area of the fossa in advance, based on the amount of acquired mycelium.

Prepare a substrate from dust, sawdust and leaves. Lay it on the bottom of the hole in a layer of about 20 cm. Sprinkle with soil on top (about 10 cm). Next, lay a mixed layer of soil and compost. Now, on top of this, you can put mycelium mixed with the ground. Spread it out by hand, tamping evenly. Sprinkle on top with soil and water, cover with fallen leaves.

Planting porcini mushrooms

Coniferous or deciduous trees (preferably young - up to 10 years) should grow on the site. Prepared soil is used as compost for indoor plants with a high peat content.

Around the trunk of the selected tree, the top layer of soil (10-20 cm), 1-1.5 m in diameter, is removed with a shovel.The compost is laid in an even layer 1-2 cm thick. one package was enough for 1 tree.

Then this area is covered with a layer of soil removed earlier and watered with water (2-3 buckets per tree). Water should be poured carefully so that it does not erode the soil. For better engraftment of mycelium, it is recommended to additionally feed in the form of a sugar solution: 50 g per 10 liters of water.

A year after sowing, under favorable circumstances, the first mushrooms appear under the tree. Their volume can be from 2 to 5 kg.

Planting care during the season of expected fruiting (summer) consists in periodically moistening the soil in the absence of precipitation. The mycelium bears fruit for 3-4 years. Then you can sow the mycelium again. For the winter, the surface of the sown area within a radius of 2 meters from the tree is covered with a layer of insulating materials - leaf recession, branches, moss, spruce branches. In the spring, this layer is removed.

Many are interested in how to grow mushrooms in the country, so that there is good harvest... There are some tips you can follow to achieve good results:

it is better to choose the landing site in the shade;
if the soil does not have enough moisture, you need to water it additionally;
mushrooms are planted no further than 1.5 meters from the tree, during the cool part of the day;
mushrooms do not take root near fruit trees.

It is not always possible to get out into the forest for mushrooms, but you can plant them on your site. If you like to do everything yourself, then you will love the idea of growing wild mushrooms so you will always know where to look for them.

The peculiarity of most forest mushrooms is that the mycelium grows and develops better only by interacting with the roots of forest trees. It is good if birches, pines or spruces grow on the site - in this case, it will be quite easy to grow mushrooms near them. There are several ways to plant mushrooms - let's look at the most effective ones.

Methods for growing forest mushrooms on the site

1. Transplanting mushrooms from the forest

To plant in this way, you should dig out the mycelium and transfer it to your site. You need to transfer the mycelium very carefully, without shaking the earth from the excavated layer. Prepare the soil under the tree before replanting. At a distance of about 0.5 m from the trunk, remove the top ball of soil 30-40 cm thick. Lay compost of leaves, wood dust on the bottom, pour and sprinkle with soil. Put the dug out mycelium on the prepared place, water it and cover it with a layer of fallen leaves. For the first two weeks, if there is no rain, water the planting site with a drip method daily.

Choose a shady, humid location for planting forest mushrooms. It is better to transplant the mycelium under the same tree as the mother's: they took the mycelium under the birch, which means it is better to transplant it under the birch. Be careful when choosing mushrooms for transplanting - do not bring poisonous ones to your site.

2. Reproduction by mycelium

The garden centers sell forest mushroom mycelium. Manufacturers on the packaging offer detailed instructions to landing. Planting the mycelium requires site preparation.

Choose a place in the shade of a tree, at a distance of 50-60cm from the trunk. Remove the top ball of soil 50cm. The sowing area depends on the amount of mycelium in the package and is indicated by the manufacturer. At the bottom, lay the forest substrate by 20 cm: fallen leaves, needles, dust and sawdust. Cover evenly with a layer of soil 10 cm thick.For the next layer, mix the soil with the substrate and fall asleep 10 cm. Next, mix the mycelium with the soil and the growth enhancer (you can buy it at the garden center or specialized stores). Distribute the mixture by tamping lightly with your hands. The last layer is soil. Immediately after planting, gently water the sown area and cover with fallen leaves.

In order not to prepare such a complex substrate for mycelium, you can purchase a ready-made substrate for mushrooms - it can be purchased at garden centers and shops specializing in seeds and fertilizers.

For the first two weeks, strictly follow the watering regime. In the future, make sure that the soil at the sowing site does not dry out. Mushrooms planted in this way will grow the next year, and the mycelium will fully bear fruit two years after planting. The mycelium will bear fruit in the period from 2 to 5 years from the first harvest.

Gently loosen the soil over the planted mycelium regularly.

3. Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow forest mushrooms on the site. Crumble or grind hats and pieces of forest mushrooms in a meat grinder, soak in water for a day. Around the tree near which you plan to grow mushrooms, dig up the ground and add forest substrate to it. Water the prepared area with infused water with pieces of mushrooms and cover with fallen leaves.

Experts disagree when the first mushrooms planted in this way will appear. Some argue that they will be in the first year of planting, others - in a year.

The listed methods differ in the level of complexity, but they are all the most effective for growing forest mushrooms. In these ways, you can try to plant porcini mushrooms, chanterelles and mushrooms.

Whichever method you choose to plant forest mushrooms, you should follow a few tips:

choose a planting site in dense shade
keep the soil moist, add drip irrigation if necessary
apply a growth promoter to the soil in the spring
plant mushrooms no further than half a meter from the tree
land in a cool time of the day
the best time to plant mushrooms is from May to September

Remember that forest mushrooms do not take root very well near fruit trees. It is good if there are several forest trees, deciduous or coniferous on your site. If there are no such on the site - experiment with planting about wooden buildings from the shaded side.

You can transplant several young trees with myceliums in the roots into the site. This method is very time consuming and complicated. It will not suit owners of small areas.

Tips on how to grow forest mushrooms on the site are controversial. The fact is that the result depends on many factors: time, weather, watering, soil, mycelium, etc., but it's worth it. The mushrooms grown on the site are almost not damaged by insects and do not differ in taste from their forest brothers. Also, you will be 100% confident in their environmental friendliness, unlike mushrooms purchased on the market and collected from no one knows where.

Today you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown in our own garden, domestic mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically do not lend themselves to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding a delicacy is not difficult. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the soil, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the body's mycelium with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?

Almost any fruit body can be bred in the country and in the garden. At the same time, due to the lack of a vegetative period in mushrooms, they can be grown all year round except for winter. But in order for home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize for them new environment and growing conditions. First of all, we are talking about the choice of a place for planting fruit bodies, the quality of the soil and the availability of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to freely connect to the root system of the plant, to fully feed and utilize excess moisture.

Most good options for growing edible forest mushrooms on personal plot are:

oyster mushrooms;
milk mushrooms;
Polish mushrooms;
boletus or redheads;
porcini mushrooms or boletus;
boletus;
yellow chanterelles;
boletus ordinary;
flywheels are chestnut or brown mushrooms;
russula-dewlap;
mushrooms;
honey mushrooms;
Champignon.

Also exotic species of fruit bodies, for example, truffles, lend themselves well to cultivation in the country. The method of cultivating mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.

Growing technology

When correct fit mushrooms and favorable conditions their growth, the first harvest can be expected in 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus and other species. The duration of fruiting mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. At the same time, from 1 m² the quantity harvested reaches from 2 to 4 kg.

Breeding methods

For the cultivation of forest mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used, ideally suitable, both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for the direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.

Dive of the forest mycelium

For planting, it is necessary to deliver a neatly dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be transferred very carefully, making sure that the earth in it is not shaken, and the vegetative body is not deformed. The soil must be specially prepared before planting. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30–40 cm of the top layer of soil and put compost on the bottom of the formed small pit. After that, the mycelium can be placed on the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For better growth of mushrooms, the place of their transplantation should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the mother tree.

Germination through the mycelium

It is the most popular way of growing mushrooms. Produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. The soil is carefully prepared for planting the mycelium. A place for mushrooms is chosen in a shady and humid area of the site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree, with which the fruit body will come into contact in the future. The total sown area of the mycelium is determined by its amount in the package.

The preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are laid on the bottom of a previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with the earth and a growth stimulator, after which the formed mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The garden bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. Ready-made mushroom substrate can be an alternative to natural compost.

This method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the site and adherence to the watering regime. It is very important not to allow the soil to dry out, therefore, drip irrigation of the mycelium is allowed in dry seasons. With the correct conduct of all work, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed already the next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.

Propagation through mushroom seedlings (solution)

Simple and affordable way cultivation of forest mushrooms. The seed mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be insisted in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.

Spore growing

The most straightforward method. It consists in dispersing fungal spores over the site. For this, overripe fruit bodies collected in the forest are crushed to the state of crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing zone itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create as close as possible to forest conditions. But you should be careful and locate mushroom zones away from garden crops.

If there are no forest trees on the garden plot, you can breed fruit bodies from the shady side. wooden buildings. Special attention should be given to mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.

In order for the labor expended to give its results, and the efficiency of cultivation of edible forest mushrooms was maximum, adhere to the following recommendations:

It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting the stalk, but taking it out of the ground entirely by the root.
When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
Collected mushrooms must be healthy.
In order for the mycelium to take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45-50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
Process the harvested mushrooms no later than 10 hours after picking them. Sow the material the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated, frozen mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation.
Before planting, it is imperative to clean the soil prepared for the mycelium from pathogenic microflora by disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
The mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from trees.
To avoid drying out the mycelium, the planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.