Most of the trees that grow just along the roads in cities and small towns do not look very attractive. On their leaves and trunks, you can often see a variety of insects, and greens, branches and fruits usually do not look very healthy. The thing is that most often no one cares for such trees: they receive neither the necessary nutrients, nor protection from diseases and aggressive pests. AND experienced gardeners know that you need to devote time and attention to the processing of horticultural crops. In particular, everyone knows that spring processing in the garden of fruit trees from pests and diseases is very, very important. But when it's autumn, it's far from spring. But during this time, too, something can be done. Let's talk in a little more detail about how to treat the garden in the fall from diseases.
Treating trees and shrubs in the garden in the fall to protect against diseases consists mainly of spraying plants with fungicides. If you skip this step in gardening, pathogens may well spread to all cultures. And warm and humid spring weather will contribute to the active reproduction of aggressive particles.
How to treat the garden from diseases in the fall?
Urea
Until mid-October, carbamide is used to treat plants from diseases. It is a wonderful remedy for the prevention of fungal diseases, scab and spotting. However, do not use it later, it will only harm the trees and may even cause them to die. Urea is great for spraying apple, pear and other crops.
To prepare the solution, prepare five hundred to six hundred grams of urea. Dilute it in ten liters of water. Spray both the tree and the soil around it. Also, it will not be superfluous to process nearby plants so that diseases do not pass from one culture to another.
inkstone
This tool is great for autumn processing garden plants... But you need to use it a little later than urea - closer to the end of October-beginning of November. Iron vitriol is good at destroying lichen, scab, cytosporosis, black cancer, etc. It also effectively saturates plants with nutrients and improves oxidative processes.
To prepare a spray solution, you need to prepare one kilogram of dry powder. Dilute it in one faith of water.
Bordeaux liquid
Such a solution perfectly helps to cope with a number of fungal diseases, including scab, and putrefactive diseases. Bordeaux liquid can be purchased at a specialty store or prepared on your own. To do this, it is worth diluting two hundred grams of copper sulfate in ten liters cold water... Also, in parallel, it is worth mixing two hundred grams of slaked lime with ten liters of water. Combine both mixtures with each other and use for spraying.
Copper sulfate
This product can also be used for autumn processing of plants. It is most often used to combat scab, powdery mildew, spots, putrefactive diseases, etc. Usually, copper sulfate is used to treat plums, apple trees, and pears. But in addition, such a remedy is well suited for the entire garden: for the prevention and elimination of moniliosis, curliness, etc. Copper sulfate, unlike ferrous sulfate, does not feed crops with nutrients.
To prepare a spray solution, dilute one hundred grams of copper sulfate granules in ten liters of water.
How do you handle trees?
The agent chosen for spraying must be uniform. Therefore, it must be thoroughly mixed with water and only then poured into the apparatus. Otherwise, one part of the plant may be treated with a very weak solution, and the other with too concentrated. And it can do a lot of harm to crops. Also, it will not be superfluous to shake the spray mixture from time to time.
Treatment of the garden from diseases in the fall is a responsible business! But do not forget to protect yourself in front of her: put on glasses, a respiratory mask, rubber gloves.
Treatments should be applied as evenly as possible during spraying. They should cover both branches and foliage (urea), and a tree post. Hold the spray tip seventy to eighty centimeters apart from the plant to get your solution to dew.
In this case, be sure to pay attention to all sides of the branches, bends, and forks.
When finished, do not forget to wash all parts of the apparatus. Also, be sure to wash and wash your hands and rinse your mouth.
To make spraying in the garden as effective as possible, process the entire area. Also treat the plant trunks.
How else to treat trees in the garden from diseases in the fall?
In order to really protect your garden from diseases, it is imperative to sanitize plants: cut off broken, diseased and frozen branches. At the same time, you must not forget to process the cut site with garden putty, it is better to purchase a special putty in a specialized store, such products contain insecticides. It is also necessary to cleanse the plants from old bark and lichens, and, of course, whitewash the tree trunks.
Fallen leaves and cut branches must be removed from the site. Then you should dig up the soil in the garden, including in the near-stem circles.
Even if only young and fully grown in your garden healthy plants, you do not need to ignore the procedures to protect them from diseases and pests in the autumn season. After all, prevention is best method treatment. Therefore, we will continue the topic of caring for the garden in the fall and will soon talk about how to treat the garden in the fall from pests.
For a gardener, autumn is not only the end of summer and harvesting, but also the beginning of preparations for the new season. So that next summer the plants will delight you with healthy foliage and lush flowering, and in the fall with a rich harvest, you need to prepare the plants for a long and harsh winter, spend all the necessary autumn works in the garden.
In the fall, all nature prepares for hibernation. In plants, sap flow slows down, growth stops, insects, including pests, are looking for places to spend the winter: for this they try to hide under fallen leaves, in cracks in the bark; rodents move closer to the gardens. Spores of diseases accumulated over the summer remain on unharvested fruits and fallen leaves. The gardener's task is to reduce the number of these enemies of the garden, to prevent them from overwintering.
To do this, starting from August and in September, before the leaves fall, we collect carrion from the ground and dried (mummified) fruits from fruit trees and destroy - burn them.
All fallen leaves are scooped up and removed from the garden. Alternatively, it can be treated with a 7% urea solution to kill disease spores. In this case, the leaves are not harvested, but in the spring they are buried in the ground.
On planting strawberries, dry leaves and flower stalks are removed and burned.
Fertilization and sub-winter watering
Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are introduced into the trunk circles for digging.
Nitrogen can no longer be used!
If there was little rain in the fall, water-charging (sub-winter) watering is carried out.
Winter garden watering
It will help the trees winter well. Enough moisture will accumulate in the tissues and the trees will not suffer from winter desiccation. The amount of watering should be large. If possible, just put the hose on the ground, for example, at night.
Spraying against pests and diseases
- With the beginning of the leaf fall period, the crown is sprayed with a 4-5% urea solution to prevent scab and other diseases. The solution is prepared as follows: 400-500 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
- After leaf fall, at the end of October, fruit trees and shrubs are treated by spraying with a 3% solution of ferrous sulfate (300 g per 10 l of water) to prevent the development of mosses and lichens.
- Stone fruit crops (cherry, plum) for the prevention of fungal diseases are sprayed with 2-3% Bordeaux liquid or 0.4% copper chloride (1-2 times with an interval of two weeks).
- On black currants, gooseberries, raspberries, we cut out and destroy the fruit bearing and damaged shoots, and also cut out the branches affected by powdery mildew.
- For the prevention of fungal diseases (powdery mildew, leaf spot), the bushes are treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture 2-3 times with an interval of 10-14 days; it is also good to spray currants with 1-5 colloidal sulfur solution.
- To reduce the number of overwintered pests, the bushes are treated with Karbofos (75 g per 10 liters of water).
Bordeaux mixture, which must be specially prepared before use, can be replaced with drugs such as Hom, Cuprosat, Abiga-Peak
Digging the earth and adding a deoxidizer
They dig up the ground under the bushes and trees - this will help destroy the larvae of pests that have gone underground to winter. For this purpose, you can dig up all the soil in the garden to a depth of 20-25 cm.
Together with the autumn digging, a deoxidizer is introduced into acidic soils. This could be:
- dolomite flour (about 500 g / m2);
- fluff lime (500-600 g per sq. m);
- wood ash (600 g per 1 sq. m).
Liming the soil increases the winter hardiness of plants. Stone fruits are especially in need of lime.
Whitewashing trees and cleaning bark
In late October - early November, when the trees have entered a phase of relative dormancy, the stems and skeletal branches of fruit trees are cleaned of dead bark with a special brush.
A handy tool for cleaning tree trunks is a garden saw. Its teeth easily "scrape" the most stubborn areas of the bark
Together with the old bark, the trunks are cleared of disease spores and pest larvae. Clean out trunks and skeletal branches to the living green layer without fear of damaging it - scratches on the "live" contribute to the thickening of the trunk.
After such cleaning, it will be good to whitewash the trunks with a special paint that will protect the bark from sunburn and frostbite, and the addition of a small amount of copper sulfate to the whitewash will serve as a good prevention of fungal diseases in the coming season. Whitewash can be bought in stores. There it is of several types:
1. Whitewashing on the basis of lime and clay without special additives. Advantages: environmentally friendly, has a porous structure - the bark "breathes". disadvantages: short-lived, easily washed off by rain.
2. Special paints... They can be acrylic or water-based. Sometimes available in aerosols. Advantages: special protective substances are included in their composition; hold on for a long time without washing away. Disadvantages: dense and does not allow the plant to breathe well. best used on young plants.
3. Self-made whitewash. It is prepared as follows: lime fluff is diluted with water in a ratio of 200 g per 1 l (2 kg per 10 l), a few tablespoons of paste and 30 g of copper sulfate are added to the resulting solution.
The trees benefit from whitewashing, in which the paste is replaced with clay and mullein
At the same time, you can do sanitary pruning and wound healing. Re-lubricate the largest cuts with garden pitch, this will protect the wood from winter drying.
Carry out podzimny water-charging irrigation, if not done before.
Barrel protection
An important event among the autumn work on preparing the garden for winter is the protection of the trunks of young fruit trees from the invasion of hungry rodents: mice, hares, and sometimes large animals, for example, roe deer. For such protection, the trunks and skeletal branches are best wrapped with a mesh: plastic or metal.
Currently, special tapes for winding barrels have appeared on the market. From improvised means, spruce branches or nylon (old stockings) are often used. The latter has proven itself especially well.
It is possible to use a film or roofing material for winding trunks only if, when warm weather sets in, you have time to quickly remove them, otherwise the use of these means will lead to podoprevanie and damage to the bark
In anticipation of snowfall, branches growing at an unfortunate angle are held together to avoid breaking.
Preventive spraying, removal of damaged fruits and leaves, cleaning and whitewashing of the bark, sub-winter moisture-charging watering - these are the activities that will help your garden to survive the harsh winter safely.
Correctly carried out autumn work in the garden is a guarantee good harvest and lush bloom in next year.
Pre-winter garden preparation should be treated with special attention, because it depends on how the plants will be ready for the spring. Autumn processing of the garden from pests is aimed at combating the following factors:
frost action.
insect pests;
microorganisms - causative agents of diseases;
Artificially bred plant crops require more care than wild ones. Treatment of the garden in the fall from pests includes the following activities:
Pruning plants
When summer is already over, preventive pruning should be done. Diseased shoots, branches located at an acute angle and growing deeper into the crown are removed. Autumn can drag on and cause plant growth due to warm weather. There are a lot of tops that must be removed.
For the southern regions, autumn and winter full pruning is suitable, but it is undesirable to do it in the northern regions. The cut site may begin to dry out, or the bark will freeze near it. This is especially true for young trees. Saplings are only pruned if the branch is in the way of others.
It is important to form trees in tiers and leave the lower branches thicker than the upper ones. If one of the shoots begins to stand out from the others, it is shortened by a third more.
Whitewashing trees. Training
Processing the garden for the winter by whitewashing tree trunks is necessary stage preparation for cold weather.
They are cleaned of old bark and moss with a scraper and an iron brush. To prevent pests from falling on the ground, a cloth or film should be laid under the tree. Cracks in the bark need to be repaired with garden pitch. Mixes for whitewashing are sold ready-made. You can use homemade compositions.
Whitewash compositions
The ratio of the components of the mixture for whitewashing:
slaked lime - 3 kg;
copper sulfate - 450 g;
casein glue - 80 g;
water - until the consistency of sour cream is reached.
Another old and reliable recipe:
slaked lime - 2 kg;
copper sulfate - 250 g;
clay - 1 kg;
cow dung - 1 kg.
The presence of lime and clay in the suspension makes the coating gas permeable. You can also use acrylic and water-based paints.
Positive action
When cleaning the bark and applying a protective layer, it will be reliably cleaned of harmful insects and microorganisms. The autumn treatment of the garden from pests by means of burning out insect eggs on the trunks. The effectiveness is increased by the addition of copper or ferrous sulfate and insecticides, for example, karbofos. As a binder, glue or clay can be used. By adding a tablespoon of carbolic acid to the suspension, you can be calm that mice and hares will not approach the trees.
Whitewashing in autumn protects the trunks from frost, preventing pests and fungi from entering them. All waste generated during this process must be incinerated. Vegetation residues should not be left on the ground. It helps kill insect pests and pathogens.
Gardening in September includes digging up the soil.
In this case, the weed should be removed and buried in. Then the spores of clusterosporiosis and coccomycosis will be destroyed.
Spraying plants from diseases and pests
Most pests and sources of plant disease in the garden are harvested during ripening and harvesting. Chemicals during this period, it is prohibited to use.
Urea
After harvesting, trees and shrubs are sprayed with a solution of urea (5%), which protects them from scab. The trunks and branches of plants, as well as the soil under them, are processed. The area under the tree must be sprayed without fail. Urea activates vegetative processes in plants, saturating them with nitrogen. This can negatively affect plants that do not have time to adapt to the cold. Autumn processing of the garden from pests by spraying should be carried out no later than a month before the onset of frost. The garden must be fully prepared for winter.
Before you start spraying plants, you must provide yourself with a respirator, gloves, goggles and heavy clothing. Dry and calm weather is chosen for work.
Copper sulfate
From scab, powdery mildew, coccomycosis and other diseases, the processing of the garden, in particular, stone and pome crops, as well as currants, grapes, gooseberries, helps.
To increase efficiency, lime (Bordeaux mixture) is added to the solution. In autumn, spraying will be more effective, since the concentration can be increased up to 3%. In the spring, such a solution can destroy or damage the leaves. everywhere it is on sale, and you can make it yourself if you dilute 400 g and 300 g of copper sulfate in 20 liters of water. Instead, you can use a Burgundy mixture, replacing the lime with 250 g of soda ash. For better adhesion, a soap solution is added to it. It should not be injected into Bordeaux liquid due to folding into insoluble lumps. This spraying is the last of the season. It is not worth producing it too early, as the leaves will get burned and fall off the trees. ahead of time... The most suitable time is November.
inkstone
Autumn processing of the garden (5-7%) makes it possible to get rid of moss and lichen. To do this, they are sprayed with old trees.
Autumn processing with iron sulfate allows you to better prepare the plants for winter. Unlike Bordeaux liquid, lime cannot be added to it. Spraying with it has the same effect as treating the garden. copper sulfate, but at the same time the plants are saturated with iron, which has a positive effect on oxidative processes in stone and pome crops. To completely get rid of certain diseases, it should be used in combination with special means... In copper or inkstone add insecticides that increase the effectiveness of the solution in the fight against insects.
Tying trees for the winter
For the winter, tree trunks are tied with branches of spruce, juniper, raspberry, roofing material, film, metal mesh. In this case, soil should be poured from the side so that rodents do not crawl through from below.
The harness also protects the bark from sunburn. As the snow falls, it is additionally poured onto the trunks. Mice like to hibernate in plant debris, which should be removed and not left on the ground. In places of possible habitat of rodents, bait with poison should be laid out. Snow is trampled around tree trunks so that mice do not make their way through the dense layer. To protect against hares, fences around the site help.
The harness is removed in April. It is advisable to do this on cloudy days so that the plants adapt to the sun's rays.
Thus, the autumn processing of the garden from pests in the form of the above measures allows you to protect trees and increase their productivity.
For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is a long-awaited and pleasant chores, for someone it is a heavy need, but someone is thinking about whether it is easier to buy ready-made seedlings on the market or from friends? Anyway, even if you gave up growing vegetable crops, for sure, you still have to sow something. These are flowers and perennials, conifers and much more. Seedlings remain seedlings, no matter what you sow.
A lover of humid air and one of the most compact and rare orchids, paphinia is a real star for most orchid growers. Its bloom rarely lasts longer than a week, but it can be an unforgettable sight. Unusual striped patterns on huge flowers of a modest orchid want to be considered endlessly. In room culture, paphinia is rightly included in the ranks of species that are difficult to grow. It became fashionable only with the spread of interior terrariums.
Pumpkin ginger marmalade is a warming sweetness that can be made almost all year round... Pumpkin has a long shelf life - sometimes I manage to save a few vegetables until summer, fresh ginger and lemons are always available these days. Lemon can be substituted with lime or orange for different flavors - variety in sweets is always a pleasure. Ready marmalade is laid out in dry jars, it can be stored at room temperaturebut it's always healthier to cook fresh food.
In 2014, the Japanese company "Takii seed" presented a petunia with an amazing color of petals - salmon orange. Associations with bright colors southern sunset sky, a unique hybrid was named African Sunset ("African sunset"). Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the past two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from the shop windows. Where has the orange petunia gone?
In our family bell pepper love, therefore we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season, I cultivate them constantly. And every year I try to try something new. Pepper is a thermophilic plant and quite whimsical. The varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and fruitful sweet pepper, which grows well with me, will be discussed further. I live in middle lane Russia.
Meat cutlets with broccoli in béchamel sauce - great idea for a quick lunch or dinner. Start by cooking the minced meat, and at the same time heat 2 liters of water to a boil to blanch the broccoli. By the time the cutlets are fried, the cabbage will be ready. It remains to collect the products in a pan, season with sauce and bring to readiness. Broccoli needs to be cooked quickly to keep it bright green color, which, with long boiling, either fades, or the cabbage becomes brown.
Home floriculture - not only fascinating process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. And what to do for those who have no experience, but want to have at home houseplants - not elongated stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy, not feeling guilt by its extinction? For beginners and florists who are not burdened with a lot of experience, I will tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.
Lush cheesecakes in a frying pan with banana and apple confiture - another recipe for everyone's favorite dish. So that the cheesecakes do not fall off after cooking, remember a few simple rules... Firstly, only fresh and dry cottage cheese, secondly, no baking powder and soda, and thirdly, the thickness of the dough - you can mold it from it, it is not tight, but pliable. Good dough with a small amount of flour, only good cottage cheese will turn out, but here again see the point "first".
It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies migrated to summer cottages... Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived almost with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic, which is used both in medicine and in veterinary medicine. In plant growing, potassium permanganate solution is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article, we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden and vegetable garden.
Pork meat salad with mushrooms is a rural dish that can often be found on festive table in the village. This recipe with champignons, but if there is an opportunity to use forest mushrooms, then be sure to cook like this, it will be even tastier. You don't need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a saucepan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens almost without the participation of the cook - meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, pickled.
Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or greenhouse, but also in open ground... Cucumbers are usually sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to late summer. Cucumbers do not tolerate frost. This is why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste juicy handsome men from your garden in early summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some of the features of this plant.
Poliscias is a great alternative to the classic variegated shrubs and woody ones. The elegant, round or feathery leaves of this plant create a strikingly festive curly crown, and the elegant silhouettes and rather modest character make it an excellent candidate for the largest plant in the house. More large leaves do not prevent him from successfully replacing the ficuses of Benjamin & Co. Moreover, the policeman offers much more variety.
Pumpkin casserole with cinnamon - juicy and incredibly tasty, a bit like pumpkin pie, but, unlike pie, it is more tender and just melts in your mouth! it perfect recipe sweet pastries for a family with children. As a rule, babies do not really like pumpkin, but they never mind eating sweets. Sweet pumpkin casserole is a delicious and healthy dessert, which, moreover, is very simple and quick to prepare. Try it! You'll like it!
A hedge is not only one of essential elements landscape design... It also performs various protective functions. If, for example, the garden borders on a carriageway, or there is a highway nearby, then hedge is simply necessary. "Green walls" will protect the garden from dust, noise, wind and create a special comfort and microclimate. In this article, we will consider the optimal plants for creating a hedge that can reliably protect the site from dust.
In autumn, in addition to harvesting, summer residents have another important task - preparing the garden for winter. In order to enjoy the fruits again next year, it is important to properly process the plants and the soil under them from diseases and pests.
Autumn processing of the garden includes spraying the crown of bushes and trees with insecticides (Aktara, Inta-Virom) and fungicides, digging up the soil, applying fertilizers and protecting plants from rodents. With the onset of cold weather, thermophilic crops are additionally covered with spunbond and mulched with sawdust, peat, dry leaves and other materials.
Pest control products
In early autumn, trapping belts are removed from the trees and burned, along with the caterpillars of the apple moth, weevils and other garden pests that have climbed there. With the onset of cold weather, insects for hibernation burrow into the soil of the trunk circles and under the bark of plants, so the first step is to clean the stems of old bark, moss and lichens, cover the wounds with garden pitch and whitewash the trees with a special solution with the addition of copper sulfate.
Shortly before the onset of frost, the stems of fruit trees must be protected from rodents. To do this, the trunk is tied with spruce branches, a metal mesh, cut plastic bottle or roofing material.
How to spray bushes and trees in autumn
Among gardeners, the most popular post-harvest treatment of plants with 1% Bordeaux liquid. This remedy helps to destroy dangerous fungi - pathogens of scab, powdery mildew, rot and other diseases. All fruit trees are thoroughly sprayed with a special pressure cylinder or spray bottle, berry bushes (including strawberries), as well as perennial decorative crops.
After leaf fall, but no later than the end of October, the crown of bushes and trees and the soil under them are sprayed with a solution of urea (carbamide). For its preparation, 500-700 g of the drug is diluted in 10 liters of water.
This is an excellent prevention of scab and spotting. But keep in mind: it is not recommended to use urea in late autumn, since this fertilizer saturates the plant with nitrogen and activates the vegetation process. And this is undesirable when frost occurs, otherwise the plant may die.
The apple orchard can be additionally sprayed with 5% iron sulfate.
All spraying is carried out in dry and calm weather and do not forget about safety measures. When processing the garden, a person must wear a respirator mask, rubber gloves, a protective gown and goggles to protect the eyes from the ingress of chemicals.
Digging the soil in autumn
When preparing the soil for winter, the first thing to do is to remove all the leaves from the site. They can inhabit garden pests and fungal spores (in particular, the causative agents of clasterosporia and coccomycosis), so it is not recommended to leave any vegetation on the surface of the earth. After the end of the leaf fall and thorough harvesting, they begin the autumn digging of the soil.
The earth is dug up with a sharp shovel to a depth of 15-20 cm between rows and 10-15 cm along the projection of the crown of shrubs and trees. It is enough to loosen not too dense soil with a rake or a Fokin flat cutter.
During this procedure, it is necessary to remove perennial weeds and pest larvae that have appeared on the surface of the soil. Then it is recommended to apply phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
Under each adult apple and pear, 300 g of superphosphate and 200 g of potassium sulfate are added. Fertilizers are sealed together with organic matter or poured into trunk circle and watered with water. For plums and cherries, the preparations must be diluted in a proportion of 3 tbsp. superphosphate per 10 liters of water and 2 tbsp. potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Under each adult plant 4-5 buckets of the resulting solution are poured. Thanks to these fertilizers, the winter hardiness of plants will increase.
Dig the soil in dry weather, since the wet soil will only compact, instead of becoming loose. And do not stick the shovel at an angle, it must be placed strictly vertically to the ground.
Now you know how to properly spray plants and control pests in your garden. But autumn processing may not be enough. Therefore, in spring and summer, preventive measures are repeated.