Houses made of bricks and timber. Types of combined houses made of stone and wood: design and construction

First floor at combined houses stone and the other wood. The combination of a stone bottom and a wooden top in one building, divides the functions between stone and wood in such a way as to take advantage of the advantages of these building materials and, if possible, bypass or weaken their shortcomings, that is, with one blow "kill two birds with one stone".

What is the point?

Building stone, whether it is ceramic brick or gas silicate, is strong, durable, does not rot, is not as afraid of moisture as wood, and is fireproof. Stone buildings evoke a sense of solidity and reliability. On the first (stone) floor combined house usually all potentially fire-hazardous premises, one way or another connected with fire, are concentrated: a fireplace room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a sauna.

At the same time, we are tired of the stone in the city, in stone rooms there is often a lack of comfort -
does not warm our souls. In combined houses, living quarters are located on the second floor, built of wood. It is easier to breathe in them - and this is not an allegory or an illusion: natural wood, as you know, is sensitive to fluctuations in humidity, absorbing and releasing excess or missing moisture - as they say, "breathes" - and maintains an ideal room for human body microclimate. In a wooden volume, a different, more personal and emotional perception of a dwelling arises than in a typical cell of a typical urban high-rise building. At the same time, a tree raised to the height of the second floor and separated from moist soil by three meters of masonry does not suffer from water, does not rot or mold, remaining much longer than in ordinary wooden buildings. And the wide overhangs of the roof, characteristic of this type of building, protect the wood from rain and direct sunlight.

A quite natural and already familiar division arises: below - public areas and technical premises, above - housing.

A bit of history

The combined floor is a very beautiful and time-tested type of building. Such buildings were erected in the gloomy times of the Middle Ages in the Alps, in the disputed province of Savoy, which belonged alternately to France and Italy. These were, of course, not villas and palaces, but shepherd's huts - simple and durable. Built from massive timber and natural stone, they served reliable protection for people and livestock from bad weather, so frequent and sudden in the mountains. The buildings were erected from various improvised building materials - stone and wood, lime was used as a whitewash. The high ground floor has always been made of stone. This was dictated by the peculiarities of the local climate and geology - heavy snowfalls and the proximity of the rock that served as a natural foundation. The sloping roof resisted strong winds (sometimes shingles or shingles were pressed on top with cobblestones so that the roof would not be blown away by the wind), and its large overhangs covered the walls from slanting rain. It is curious that they usually tried to orient the shepherd's dwellings along the cardinal points, facing - that is, the most beautiful main facade - turning to the east.

This is how the now popular chalet style was born, which is so common in the architecture of combined cottages.

But not only Alpine shepherds have learned to combine stone and wood. In Russia, they also erected from ancient times log huts on a high stone cell, which served some as a pantry, and for others as a trading shop. Here, among dense forests, where stone is not such a natural material as in the mountains, two-storey houses with a stone bottom, only relatively wealthy people could afford, most often practical merchants. And we, building combined houses for ourselves, thereby continue the centuries-old merchant tradition.

Gradually, the Alpine chalets looked less and less like squalid huts, acquiring a more residential and comfortable look, turning into permanent shepherd's dwellings. More and more attention was paid to convenience, warmth and comfort. Now in such a chalet it was possible to wait out not only a protracted bad weather, but also to live in a large shepherd or peasant family. Enhanced by harsh mountain nature and centuries of folk art, traditional chalet houses have survived to this day. And now the most common architectural style of combined houses is ennobled and modern style chalet.

The interiors of the chalets traditionally gravitate towards the “country” style, playing with the proximity of stone and wood. What is characteristic of this style? Mainly use natural materials: stone, wood, lime plaster, woven draperies. The walls of the first floor are most often limestone. Almost always, the interior is decorated with protruding wooden ceiling beams; often they are painted in contrasting dark color and decorated with carvings. In attic residential interiors, they like to use aged wood, dark, in a web of microscopic cracks. A large fireplace is almost mandatory, with dark winter evenings the whole family can get together. All this creates an atmosphere of comfort, warmth, security, peace, good traditions with a touch of some patriarchy - the atmosphere of the House with a capital letter.

What materials and how to build a combined house?

Modern building technology present wide selection options, how and from what to build
according to the budget.

The stone ground floor can be made of bricks, gas silicate or porous ceramic blocks. Brick in accordance with modern requirements of heat engineering, it is desirable to insulate. To do this, there are proven technologies - a "ventilated facade", without which not a single city building can do today, and " wet facade", when a layer of insulation is superimposed special plaster. Thickness brickwork in this case, it can be made minimal, as long as it meets the necessary strength characteristics residential cottage.

Walls made of gas silicate or porous ceramics do not need to be insulated - the house will turn out to be warm without that. They are usually plastered on the outside; in this case, special plaster compositions for gas silicate, with good vapor permeability.

Log, beam or frame?

The choice of specific material and technology for the construction of the second floor of a combined house is even wider. The residential floor can be built from rounded logs, profiled or glued beams, ordinary unplaned beams, insulated from the outside using the “ventilated facade” method, or made into a frame.

Rounding and glued beams are the most traditional options that are suitable for those who simply love wood, its beauty, warmth, texture, smell.

In fact, a low log cabin is being cut on a high stone plinth under a sloping roof - that's all the features.

Insulated timber - the most, perhaps, modern version, corresponding to the norms for heat in a residential building. outdoor decorative trim The facade can be anything from imitation of prestigious glued beams to reproduction of the traditional look of authentic Alpine chalets.

When considering the construction of a combined house, do not forget that, due to its stone foundation, the house will be very heavy, which will most likely require the construction of a fully buried strip foundation or reinforced concrete slab of considerable thickness. Be that as it may, the design and calculation of the foundation must be done competently and responsibly.

The frame also allows you to give the attic any appearance. But in this case, the environment may suffer: not living wood, but synthetic wood is in contact with living quarters. vapor barrier film. However, an interesting modern version of the construction of a frame attic is half-timbered technology with large area glazing. Energy-saving double-glazed windows comply with heat standards, and the appearance is both strictly traditional and completely unusual. It can be said that panoramic glazing facades of the attic is very to face the modern combined house.

The main advantage of combined projects is the combination of different wall materials from which they are taken. best performance and properties. Simply put, these houses are more comfortable to live in than completely stone houses, and more reliable than completely wooden houses.

The lower, stone floor usually has a garage, a boiler room, a swimming pool or sauna, a kitchen, a pantry and a laundry room. Thus, these rooms are not exposed to moisture and fire. However, concrete lacks a comfortable feeling of warmth and naturalness. This disadvantage is solved by building combined project, in which the second floor is designed from wooden wall material, giving comfort and a healthy atmosphere. Upper, wooden floor this is a living area with bedrooms, a nursery, an office for work. As you know, the tree "breathes" because it has pores and allows air to pass through. Resting and sleeping in a tree is much more pleasant and easier than in concrete.

The basis of a combined house is usually made:

brick
building blocks (gas blocks, foam block, wood concrete, kerakam, expanded clay block)
monolith
a natural stone

The second and subsequent floors are designed from:

timber - ordinary, glued, profiled
log - planed or rounded
frame technology with wood-like cladding
from sip panels - also with wood grain finish

An excursion into the history of combined projects

The combination of stone and wood has been used in the construction of houses for a very long time, both in Russia and abroad. Initially the basis for this method construction served as a chalet style, common among the inhabitants of the mountainous Alps. A stone base was necessary for the house to sit firmly on the slopes of the mountains, and to withstand snow and wind. The residential top was built of wood, had wide roof overhangs to protect from rain, which is currently the "calling card" of this architectural style.

In our country, stone and wood houses were quite popular with merchants, wealthy artisans and kulaks. The lower stone floors were used by merchants as warehouses and shops, and by artisans as workshops. The second wooden floor was used as residential. Such combined houses were cheaper than completely stone ones, and were more durable than completely wooden ones, due to the elevation of the wooden part above the ground, it was protected from flooding and less prone to fires. Solid benefit!

Design features of combined houses

As previously stated, main feature combined projects is a symbiosis of the strength of the stone of the ground floor and the lightness of the wood of the upper floors. Of course, without good foundation this is indispensable, however, its load will be less, in the case of designing and building two floors from stone at once. And since the foundation is usually 25% of the total price of the house, you can save quite a decent amount on it. Unlike blocks, the wood on the second floor will not require a global finish, except for priming and painting, so you can save even at this stage.

Combined houses do not require a long time to shrink. These houses can be occupied immediately after graduation. base construction- finished only the lower, stone floor. wooden part, as in ordinary wooden houses, it will shrink up to 1.5-2 years, so it is not recommended to do the finishing and immediately move in.

Savings on the construction of combined projects can also be obtained on thermal insulation, because, unlike a completely stone house, a combined one requires less thermal insulation. It is also not required to treat the entire house with an antiseptic, unlike a completely wooden house.

The tree is removed from the ground, and therefore from the effects of moisture. From stone building materials you can safely build such premises as a boiler room, a bathroom - even with a sauna, even with a pool, a living room with a fireplace. As a result, the customer of the combined project for a small price will receive a competent, technologically advanced building, the materials of which are used exactly for their own purposes.

A pleasant and unusual appearance is guaranteed if you choose a combined house project. A log or beam looks aesthetically pleasing and soundly, and the finishing of the first floor from artificial stone or plaster will give appearance respectability. The specialists of our company can decorate the facades either as a whole, or by preserving an unforgettable combination of wood and stone!

The construction of combined houses meets current trends. People are trying to make their housing reliable, durable and environmentally friendly. Buildings made of stone and wood fully meet these requirements. They are very practical and are becoming increasingly popular among private developers. What you need to know before drawing up a project, what are the pros and cons of houses of this type, experts say.

Combined houses: what is it

Similar type buildings - not know-how. Back in the days Kievan Rus noticed that such houses are durable, light, resist fire more and better protect heat. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, stone and timber remain closest to the ideal.

Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built of durable stone, which is not afraid of fires, strong winds, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. In addition, the stone base of the house becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The beam helps to increase the energy efficiency of the building, gives comfort, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:

Houses made of stone and wood are warm and reliable

Glued. One element consists of many thin glued lamellas made of conifers.
Unprofiled. An ordinary bar obtained after processing a log at a sawmill. The cheapest option to build.
profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. It has clear set parameters.

Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the style of a chalet is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic very prominent overhangs of cornices. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows you to maximize the conversion of sunlight into thermal energy. The second wooden floor of such a house is attic.

Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.

Pros and cons of combined houses

The popularity of such cottages is due to the large preponderance positive characteristics over the negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:

lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
the possibility of construction in a place with a close occurrence of groundwater;
durability;
the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
wide selection design solutions together with high aesthetics;

profitability;
higher fire safety (in comparison with buildings only made of wood or modern combustible materials);
increased protection against moisture;
the function of the second floor-thermos: in the heat it will be cool there, in the cold - warmer.

Attention! Environmental friendliness of materials is not a fiction. It has been proven that living in a wooden entourage improves sleep, normalizes the condition nervous system and prevents the development of respiratory diseases (if the timber is made of coniferous species).

The disadvantages of two-part houses are not so many:

wood serves less than stone;
stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, because of this, after operation in severe frost or heat, difficulties may arise;
even in combination with a non-combustible neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.

The stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be further strengthened from subsidence high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is an option for those who cannot afford a two-story cottage. Architects also recommend this type of building when, due to a heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house can burst or cause distortion. In fact, the usual foundation for a 1-story house is enough for the building.

The design approach in the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally veneered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.

There are exceptions when, with the help of modern facing materials both floors lead to a single style of decoration. But in this case, do not forget about different characteristics materials. On one in a few years, the lining will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold.

When drawing up a project, the size of the dwelling does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the earth should not be a swamp and be able to withstand a one-story stone house.

The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent on pouring, drying the foundation and raising the stone walls. A lightweight wooden level develops much faster: it does not require finishing. At least for the first time, you can live with bare wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before picking up a spatula or cladding panels, conduct communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.

Attention! The combination in a 2-storey building is quite in demand. combined house premises for business and living. Downstairs, the owners are equipping a commercial space, and upstairs they live by themselves, making a separate exit and communications.

The combination of materials in housing construction opens wide opportunities for its styling. You can make a house for every taste. In order not to be disappointed with the result, work only with experienced builders.

In private housing construction and other low-rise construction, it is used whole line materials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The technology of their combination, in particular, by building combined houses from foam blocks and wood, allows you to get the maximum benefit from the use of these two most popular building materials. Combining excellent performance foam concrete blocks with the warmth and lightness of natural timber, you can quickly and relatively inexpensively build a beautiful comfortable house.

Most often, combined houses of this type are two- or three-story buildings, the lower part of which is laid out from a foam block, and the upper part is assembled according to the log house principle. The main advantages of this technology are:

reduction of financial and time costs for construction;
ensuring maximum efficiency during operation.

At houses made of foam blocks and wooden buildings has a lot of advantages of its own.

Each of them is considered better than the other in certain parameters, and the combination of these characteristics allows you to get best option buildings:

the combination of the strength of foam concrete with the environmental friendliness of the timber creates an ideal atmosphere for living in the house with good air exchange, a favorable climate;
the light weight of both building materials makes the building lighter, so it does not require a powerful solid foundation;
laying with foam concrete blocks is carried out quickly, the material is easy to process, does not shrink, which significantly reduces the construction time;
both materials have high thermal insulation characteristics, so the house will be comfortable in any weather;
the combination of blocks with timber does not impose any design restrictions - such houses are distinguished by a wide variety of designs;
block masonry and a wooden wall have a flat surface, which allows the use of any decorative coatings.

Among the shortcomings of houses of this type, only one stands out - different dates operation of the block and wood. Therefore, over time, the first floor will remain unchanged, and the upper one may become unusable.

To avoid such problems, you should use only well-treated dry wood for construction, equip a competent drainage system, ensure high-quality sealing of cross sections and timely proper care of this part of the building.

You should also carefully consider the processing of wood, if they are supposed to be faced with blocks. This option is also considered a combination. Before overlaying wooden houses foam block, it is necessary to create conditions under which the wooden wall will not get wet, and in case of getting wet, dry quickly.

Features of combined houses

Despite the great versatility of such buildings, there are some rules that must be followed during their design, planning, construction, and exterior decoration. Compliance with these recommendations will most effectively implement the idea of combining building materials.

Construction principles

The main principle is that the lower level is laid out from the foam blocks, and the tree should be on top. Such a house will have the necessary strength and maximum comfortable conditions residence.

It is also important to ensure a reliable connection between the walls of different materials. In rather fragile foam concrete, it is impossible to securely fasten steel anchors for fixing wooden supports. Therefore, it will be necessary to pour a monolithic reinforced concrete belt around the entire perimeter of the building. It will provide reliable fastening of bolts, increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

Planning and design

Typical projects of houses "foam concrete-wood" suggest the location on the ground floor of common and utility rooms (living room, kitchen, workshop, garage, boiler room). Bedrooms, nurseries, offices, playrooms and other living rooms are usually located on the upper floor.

It is this layout that makes using the combination idea the most profitable:

foam block - a durable fireproof material that will become a reliable support for the entire building, provide heat retention, excellent sound insulation;
the tree will create an ideal climate, a comfortable atmosphere.

There are several other options for building block-wooden houses. For example, the lower floor may be recessed to the basement or basement level.

It is also possible to build a three-level building, but the basement must be made of monolithic reinforced concrete, the first is from a foam block, the second is a tree.

Exterior finish

Combinations of different materials can be used not only in the construction of walls, but also in their decoration. Any decor is suitable for a combined house: foam block masonry can be sewn up with a blockhouse or siding, tiled, finished with decorative plaster.

It is customary to leave a wooden structure in its original form, covering only with protective equipment. But if the tree has an unattractive appearance, then it can also be covered with the same finishing materials. In some cases, exterior trim is used to hide the combination of materials.

economic benefit

In order to finally decide which houses are better to build - wooden, foam block or combined, it is necessary to understand not only them performance characteristics, but also the economic feasibility of using two materials at the same time.

Insofar as foam concrete blocks have a low cost, the amount of savings will depend on the choice of timber:

ordinary lumber natural humidity costs half as much as foam blocks, but needs additional processing;
profiled dry timber has a higher price, but is easy to install, practically does not shrink, which will significantly reduce the construction time;
glued laminated timber is the most expensive lumber, it does not require additional processing, and according to its characteristics it is best suited to foam blocks.

In any case, the use of timber together with foam blocks will allow you to build a strong comfortable beautiful house at no additional cost. Such a building can look externally as the owner wants (if it is finished or lined with appropriate material), and it will serve it for a long time, reliably, without creating problems.

In contact with

The strength of bricks and the natural beauty of wood are the main criteria that make a person choose these materials for centuries. And if you combine them, you can generally get an unexpected result in terms of aesthetics.

Which option should be preferred: the first floor is brick, the second is wooden - or simply, as shown above, use wood to make architectural elements?

And in general, what projects of combined brick and wood houses can be adopted by those who decide to build a house with their own hands? You will learn about this, and much more, from the material presented by us.

How to combine wood and brick

Both wood and brick, with equal success, can play the role of both constructive and finishing material– therefore, they are easy to combine. If we talk about the building as such, it can be called combined, when at least two walling technologies are used in the construction process.

Note! Since wood has less strength than brick, they are often combined like this: 1st floor is brick, 2nd floor is wooden - the house looks very interesting, especially if any architectural style is sustained in its design.

In addition to the fact that such combinations decorate the facade very much, they also make it possible to really save the construction budget. The use of lighter material at the upper level allows to reduce the load on the foundation.

And then, the second floor can be built not only from heavy timber or logs - there are other alternatives.

Frame walls for the second floor

One of them can be considered frame technology. Its essence lies in the construction of a wooden frame, which serves as the basis for creating a multilayer structure of thick insulation, protective rolled membranes, inner and outer skins.

As a result, light and very warm walls are obtained:

It should be said that outside wooden frame sheathed with moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. These materials are also related to wood, as they are its derivatives. In the process of finishing, they are often painted, performing contrasting decorative stitching with wooden or composite slats, which makes it possible to implement the “half-timbered” design, which you see in the photo below.

If the price is decisive for you, then keep in mind that the construction of the second floor frame technology provides maximum savings. You can, of course, use it to build the whole house, but along with undeniable advantages, there are many disadvantages. The insulation embedded in the structure has a limited service life - after a couple of decades, the casing has to be dismantled in order to replace it.

The beam from which the frame is assembled is also, no matter how you process it, but it rots over time. Therefore, in terms of service life, frame houses can not compete with the durability of brick buildings. Add here the increased fire hazard and attractiveness for insects and rodents - and you will understand that it is better to build the first floor of the house from brick.

The layout in such houses is usually carried out as follows. Downstairs are the rooms common use: entrance hall, kitchen and dining room, living room. Guest rooms are also often located on the first floor. At the upper level, bedrooms, children's rooms are planned, equipped working area: office or workshop. Bathrooms in a two-story house are usually made both below and above.

By the way, in the designed low-rise buildings, the frame can be provided not from wood, but from metal, which will allow introducing elements of brickwork not only below, but also on the second floor. In such projects, panoramic glazing is often present, which makes such combinations even more interesting.

The concepts of many architectural styles: hi-tech, techno, minimalism - do not involve the use of wood at all. That is why in such houses there is no wooden windows and traditional frame roofs constructed from wooden rafters. Their design is based on various combinations of materials such as concrete, metal, glass.

Brick, if present, is only as a structural material, the surface of which is lined or plastered. If wood is used, it is only for partial finishing, a variant of which you can see in the example below.

Well, to each his own, and tastes differ! Next, you will be provided with installation instructions. wooden structures, without which it is impossible to build a conventional private house.

Wooden structures for a brick house

A brick wall is an excellent solid foundation for building a second floor of wood. By by and large, there is not much difference whether to make a full-fledged second floor, or build on an attic.

Their difference lies only in the height of the walls, and the absence in the attic beam ceiling.

Connecting brick and wood between floors

Since the entire upper part of the house is made of wood, which means it has a relatively small weight, the armored belt between floors can be omitted. In general, the decision to install armored belts on walls in low-rise construction is made depending on the bearing capacity of the wall material and the type of floor.

Note! By itself, the brick has the necessary strength to withstand even the weight of reinforced concrete slabs - the main thing is that the thickness of the masonry is correctly calculated for this. Moreover, it is brick, along with concrete, that is often used for the construction of armored belts on walls made of foam and gas blocks. So, you don’t have to worry about this, even if the walls of the second floor are built from a fairly heavy beam or log.

So:

If the ceiling is beamed, then an additional reinforcing row in the form of a steel mesh should be provided along the upper row of brickwork. Under the slab, which creates additional loads, it will be necessary to lay several rows of interconnected reinforcing bars along the walls, as shown in the photo above.

But we think that if you decide to build the second floor from wood, you are unlikely to want to complicate the work and mount concrete slabs. In any case, in order to install the structural elements of wooden walls on brick walls, anchor bolts must be embedded in the masonry to allow mechanical fastening.

Strips of roofing material are strung on the studs, which will serve as a waterproofing layer between the perimeter of the brickwork and lower crown lumber or log wall. If the second floor will be built using frame technology, on brick wall the beams of the lower trim will be mounted in the same way. To clearly understand this process, the video in this article will allow.

Ceilings and floors

Before talking about how to make a wooden floor in brick house, you need to decide on the design of the floors. Laying process floor covering frame type, which is a wooden floor, is simplified as much as possible on a wooden beamed ceiling.

In this case, the boardwalk is part of a multilayer floor structure. But first, of course, it needs to be mounted correctly - and we will try to briefly talk about how this is done.

First of all, it is necessary to pay close attention to the quality of the timber, which will carry considerable loads:

First of all, it should be softwood, which works best for bending.

Secondly, it is better if it is a planed, well-dried beam, the length of which should completely cover the run - the distance between opposite load-bearing walls.

Since the walls of the first floor are built of brick, the installation of floor beams is carried out in the same way as in all brick houses. Their length depends on the chosen method of fastening: if these are special metal consoles, then it is equal to the length of the run.

When the ends of the beams are laid in specially provided nests in the wall, the necessary margin must also be taken into account: 12-15 cm from each end. The only thing that should not be forgotten is that wood should not come into direct contact with metal or brickwork anywhere.

Therefore, the ends of the beams are wrapped with protective material, without tightly closing the ends, and, if necessary, shock-absorbing pads are installed under them. To prevent the appearance of cold bridges, the free space of the recesses into which the ends of the beams will wind up is filled with insulation.

As for metal fasteners, it must be stainless - otherwise, its corrosion will provoke the process of decay in the thickness of the wood. Design attic floor similar to the interstitial option. Only the beams are fastened to a wooden wall in a slightly different way, and their cross section may be smaller - in any case, if the attic is non-residential.

Since the space between the beams is then filled with insulation, the step of the floor elements is selected based on the width of the material, but usually does not exceed 60 cm. The beams can, of course, have a square section, for example: 150 * 150 mm, but this size is used mainly when they want to use them in the design of the ceiling.

The most economical in terms of wood consumption is the option with a section of 50 * 150, or even 50 * 180 mm - that is, in fact, this is a thick board installed on the edge. You can see an approximate scheme for assembling a beam ceiling in the picture above. Here, the insulation is laid on the boards with which the ceiling of the lower room is hemmed.

But there is another version as well. Small-section cranial bars are mounted to the sides of the beams, on which wooden shields or plywood are laid. This approach gives more possibilities to decorate the ceiling of the lower room - for example: you can install a stretch or suspended ceiling there.

A vapor barrier membrane is mounted on top of the beams, which simultaneously plays the role of a shock-absorbing layer. Then, as a rule, in the transverse direction, a counter-lattice is stuffed - it will serve as the basis for installing the floor covering. If you want to make not a boardwalk, but, say, lay roll coating: linoleum, carpet, or build in the "pie" floor heating system, then you first have to mount the subfloor from plywood or chipboard.

According to a very similar scenario, the filling of frame walls is also carried out. If the second floor of your house will be built using this technology, then along the upper perimeter of the walls, as well as from below, horizontal piping of the racks will be mounted. By the way, the strapping beam here will play the role of a Mauerlat, which serves as the basis truss system roofs.

By the way, regardless of the design of walls or ceilings, it is always constructed from wood. In addition, few people would think of installing plastic joinery in the openings of wooden walls - so here you can’t do without wood. The technology for installing wooden windows in a brick house does not differ much from the process of installing them on log or frame walls, and instructions on this topic are easy to find.

And yet, you can make a balcony out of wood, and shutters, decorate the porch beautifully, build a terrace at the entrance, put a capital canopy or an elegant pergola.

There are a lot of options for using wood in home design: both exterior and interior - and for those who love and know how to work with it, there is a wide field for creativity. It remains only to put your talents into practice, and then long years admire the fruits of your labor and enjoy the energy of the tree.