How to grow broccoli in the garden. Broccoli - cultivation, rules for a good harvest

This vegetable, which until recently was a real exotic for us, is advised to use by many nutritionists. And not in vain. Broccoli is just a storehouse of vitamins, sugars, micro and macro elements. Its active substances help with kidney diseases and atherosclerosis, remove toxins and heavy metals, and also enhance the body's ability to resist the development of malignant neoplasms.

Is it possible not to be interested in this culture? Let's take a closer look at agricultural technology and the most important rules growing this cabbage.

In appearance, broccoli resembles cauliflower, only a grayish-green hue. Also, like a relative, a dense head is eaten, which consists of unopened flower buds.

It is interesting to know that broccoli as an agricultural crop is grown in two types:

• Normal - in which a thick stem is crowned with a large head of cabbage, composed of dense groups of inflorescences;
• Italian or asparagus - it has many thin stems with small green heads.

Features of broccoli that you should pay attention to

• This cabbage, like her sisters, loves good lighting and humidity. Optimal Performance the level of moisture in the soil - 70%, and in the air - 85%.
• Broccoli is more hardy than cauliflower, it feels better in both heat and frost (it can survive at -7 ° C). But the best for her are moderate temperature limits - from 16 to 20 ° C.
• Broccoli actively releases lateral stems from the sinuses. So do not rush to say goodbye to the plant after you cut the central head. From the side it will also be possible to harvest a good harvest.
• If cauliflower needs to be shaded, then broccoli does not require it at all.
• The vegetable develops well on the loggia or balcony.

As a rule, broccoli is grown by seedlings, but its sowing dates make it possible not to suffer with boxes at home, but in last days April or the first of May, sow seeds for seedlings in the greenhouse. When young plants release the fifth and sixth true leaves, broccoli can be transferred to open ground.

To harvest cabbage later than usual, some of the seeds are laid directly into the ground in the first days of May.

Broccoli loves loose, rich soils where the pH is slightly alkaline or neutral. Try not to grow a vegetable where cruciferous crops were grown last summer: radishes, turnips, cabbage. It is best to plant our beauty after potatoes, legumes or carrots.

Some of the summer residents prepare the soil for broccoli in advance in the fall: they add potassium and phosphorus - with the help of superphosphate, manure, potassium nitrate, do liming (it is good to use powdered eggshells).

Who does not conduct autumn training, can make up for the lack of nutrition with the help of top dressing.

When it comes time to identify broccoli for permanent residence, do it in the afternoon or on cloudy days. Planting pattern: distance between holes - 40 cm, row spacing - 50-60 cm.

Holes need to be dug deep. If the soil has not been fertilized in advance, a composition of compost is placed in the wells, dolomite flour and ash. Each seedling is sprinkled with soil a little (2-3 centimeters above the root collar), trying to keep the main part of the stem in the hole. As the seedlings grow, soil should be poured into the recesses until they are compared with general level beds.

To protect newly planted young from cruciferous flea, seedlings are advised to cover with a light non-woven fabric. When the unbelted pest cannot be calmed down by folk methods, the plants can be sprayed with Iskra. However, the procedure must be carried out no later than three weeks before the appearance of inflorescences. Further, fleas are fought by dusting with a mixture of crushed tobacco and ash or spraying with ash infusion.

After the young broccoli plants take root in a new place, care for them is expressed in systematic weeding, timely feeding and watering, as well as in loosening the soil after these procedures.

You need to water the cabbage every other day (in the heat - up to 2 times a day) in the evening. In order for broccoli to grow and develop well, the soil must be 12-15 cm moist.

The vegetable loves additional nutrition, therefore, even if you have introduced a sufficient amount of manure or other fertilizers into the soil, broccoli is still pampered with top dressing.

After rooting in a new place and the beginning of active growth, the plants are fed with infusion of chicken manure (one to twenty) or infusion of mullein (one to ten). After 2 weeks, the procedure is repeated.

The third feeding is carried out during the formation of the first inflorescences. Here you can use organic matter with potassium humate or mineral fertilizers in solution: for 10 liters of water take superphosphate - 40 g, ammonium nitrate - 20 g, potassium sulfate - 10 g.

Subsequent top dressing is done after cutting the central head of cabbage to stimulate the growth of lateral stems. For the same amount water is coming 30 g of potassium sulfate, 20 superphosphate, 10 g of saltpeter.

In addition, broccoli has a positive attitude towards watering with nettle or comfrey infusion and adding ash to the soil (one glass per one square meter).

The sprouts of this cabbage do not need to be regrown - they are harvested green, before the buds open and bloom with small yellow flowers. An overripe vegetable in dishes is absolutely not tasty.

The central shoot is cut first (after it reaches a ten-centimeter length), then they wait for the harvest from the side stems. They use not only inflorescences, but also the shoot itself, since its top is as juicy and tasty as the buds.

It is better to harvest early in the morning so that the broccoli heads do not have time to tie under the hot rays. Cabbage, harvested in early summer, does not lie for a long time - it can be stored in a cool place for about a week or two. It is better to cook the vegetable immediately or freeze. But late broccoli, ripe in October, is perfectly stored in the refrigerator or cellar at a temperature of 0 ° C.

When harvesting broccoli, take note of another interesting feature. After you pull the plants out of the ground, do not immediately transfer them to the compost pit - let them just lie down for a month open ground. Broccoli tolerates light frosts well, so even plants dug out of the soil will try not to miss the meager chances to tie small inflorescences. And you will collect another late, almost winter, harvest!

Asparagus cabbage fell in love with many summer residents: its inflorescences have an interesting delicate taste and rich chemical composition, and the low calorie content allows you to include them in the diet without fear of harming the figure. The list of advantages of the culture is headed by its unpretentiousness - growing broccoli in the open field will require minimal labor. Its inflorescences ripen quickly. It will be possible to feast on them when 2 months have passed since the seedlings were placed on the beds. But you should not rush to clean the cabbage bushes from the garden. If, having received the main crop, you continue to care for broccoli, until the end of the season, numerous new formations will appear on it - small, but edible and useful heads.

Planting material preparation

Sowing seeds of asparagus cabbage can be carried out immediately on the beds. But more often it is grown through seedlings. Although this method is more labor intensive, its important advantage is the ability to harvest a valuable crop faster. You can get viable seedlings in a greenhouse or at home by placing containers with sown broccoli on a windowsill, insulated balcony or loggia.

In order for the seedlings to be friendly and healthy, pre-planting seed preparation is carried out.

1. First, they are placed in water heated to 50°C. It may be clean, but it is better to dissolve a little potassium permanganate in it, which will help disinfect the seeds.
2. After 15-20 minutes, they are taken out and immediately placed in a container with cold water where hold for 1 minute.
3. Next, broccoli seeds are treated with special biological preparations - growth stimulants and fungicides. Lie in a solution prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions planting material must be at least 12 hours.
4. Then it is placed in the refrigerator for 24 hours.
5. To make planting seeds easier, they need to be dried. Then they will be well separated from the fingers.

The next step is soil preparation. Ordinary garden soil is suitable for broccoli, but it is better to add wood ash to it (1-1.5 cups of fertilizer are stirred in 1 bucket of soil). It will provide seedlings with the nutrients they need and help reduce soil acidity. Professionals advise using a substrate from components mixed in equal amounts for planting broccoli seeds:

• garden soil;
• humus;
• peat;
• sand.

The main condition for plant health is loose soil and good drainage. With stagnant moisture, planting can destroy the black leg.

Getting seedlings

Sowing seeds of asparagus cabbage is carried out in a substrate disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate at the end of March or in early April. At home, it is recommended to plant them in separate containers. This will protect the broccoli's root system from damage when the plants are moved outdoors. In addition, in individual pots, seedlings are more powerful and develop better, because they do not have to fight with their neighbors for light and nutrients. It will also be easier to care for them: there is no need for thinning and picking seedlings. If a common container is used, then 5 cm is left between the seeds in the row.

You can plant already hatched broccoli seeds in the ground. To germinate them, use a paper towel or cloth. Wetting the material well with water, scatter the seeds over it, and then cover plastic bag. It will take 2-3 days, and they can be planted in a pot.

In order for broccoli seeds to germinate, the air temperature in the room is maintained within 18-20 ° C. When the seedlings hatch, it is reduced to 8-10 ° C. Seedlings need coolness only in the first week of their development, in the future, the optimum temperature for them is 15-20°C. They do not require special care. It is enough to put containers with broccoli seedlings in a bright place and water abundantly, preventing the soil from drying out and waterlogging. At the age of 30-38 days, young asparagus can be placed on the beds. By this time, she produces 4-5 full-fledged leaves.

Broccoli is a cold-resistant crop, its bushes can withstand up to -7°C. Therefore, you can plant its seeds immediately in the garden, providing them with greenhouse conditions by covering the beds with a film or special material. They will help and protect young asparagus from insect pests. If you sow broccoli seeds in the first decade of April, then by mid-May, seedlings will be sufficiently developed to be placed on a permanent site. In this way, hardened seedlings adapted to outdoor conditions with a higher survival rate are obtained. Shelter from the beds is removed when the seedlings get stronger.

In the Urals, another way of growing a crop is practiced - to plant broccoli seeds directly in open ground. You can do this from May to June. Shallow holes are dug at the site with an interval of 50 cm. Several seeds are placed in each, covered with a layer of soil and watered abundantly. When shoots hatch, leave the strongest sprout. The first crop of broccoli will bring in late summer or early autumn, and additional mini-inflorescences can be collected from it until October.

Landing in the ground

Broccoli is afraid of the bright sun, it is better to plant it in slightly shaded places. It will bring a bountiful harvest on fertile, humus-rich, non-acidic soils with a light porous structure. If the pH is not high enough (from 3 to 6), the soil is limed. Eggshell powder, chalk or lime will help neutralize the acidity. Proper broccoli farming involves crop rotation. Do not place it in areas where cruciferous vegetables were planted last season. But it will develop well on the soil after potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, onions, pumpkins, and various legumes.

The area where you plan to plant broccoli is best prepared in the fall. It is dug up, introducing fertilizers with a high content of potassium and phosphorus. Both organic and mineral compositions are suitable for culture: manure, humus, superphosphate, potassium nitrate. It is not critical if it is not possible to carry out the autumn preparation of the beds. Care in the form of dressings will provide broccoli with the nutrients it needs.

Asparagus should be planted in deep holes. The soil in them should be well moistened - by 30 cm. 30-40 cm of free space is left between adjacent holes. Aisles should be wide - at least 45-60 cm. If the soil was not enriched with fertilizers in advance, ash and humus or compost (1 handful) are thrown into each hole.

Then, a seedling removed from a pot or from a greenhouse, along with an earthen clod, is placed in it. Trying not to expose its roots, they are carefully straightened. Broccoli requires planting at an average depth - the stem of the plant is immersed in the soil to the first leaves. It is recommended to carry out the procedure in cloudy weather and in the afternoon. Finished with watering. To facilitate planting care, the soil under the plants is mulched. A layer of fine straw, dry grass, or wood shavings will help retain moisture, keep the plantings from overheating, and stop weeds from growing.

Broccoli seedlings with a developed root system, consisting of many thin shoots, take root better and get sick less. In height, they should reach 15-20 cm.

After landing

So that planting broccoli does not end with the death of young plants, they must be protected from scorching sunlight. Shelter can be made from old buckets or spruce branches. Artificial shading is left for 7-10 days until the seedlings take root. Caring for asparagus is easy. Her agricultural technology consists in procedures familiar to all summer residents. Landings are regularly looked after:

• watered;
• feed;
• weed;
• spud;
• loosen.

secrets high yield broccoli have been opened for a long time. Frequent watering and fertilization guarantee success in growing crops. It is better to moisten plantings in the evening hours. At the stage of formation and development of inflorescences, the procedure is carried out every other day. If the summer turned out to be hot and dry, water the broccoli bushes daily - in the early morning and evening, when the heat subsides. The rest of the time, one moisturizing per week is enough. Watering asparagus cabbage needs plentiful, the soil should get wet at least 15 cm.

For intensive growth and abundant fruiting, broccoli will need a lot of nutrients. It is advisable to use compositions of organic origin for dressings: infused mullein, chicken manure. Additional nutrition for asparagus cabbage is provided every 14 days. Such care begins from the moment her bushes take root in a new place and begin to grow. When inflorescences begin to form, they switch to mineral fertilizers. Three components are mixed in 10 liters of water:

• superphosphate (40 g);
• ammonium nitrate (20 g);
• potassium sulfate (10 g).

The resulting composition is watered planting under the root. Then care in the form of dressings is suspended. It is resumed after the main inflorescence is cut from the cabbage. The same mineral preparations are used for fertilizer, but in a different proportion. During this period, plants need 3 times more potassium and 2 times less phosphorus and nitrogen. If you continue feeding, side shoots asparagus cabbage will begin to grow actively and it will be possible to harvest an additional crop from it.

After each watering and fertilization, the soil under the broccoli bushes must be carefully loosened.

Harvest Rules

You need to cut the inflorescences of asparagus cabbage when they are green. It is important to closely monitor their condition, as the head quickly overripes, in just 2-3 days. If you miss the moment, it will be covered with small buds, which then turn into yellow flowers. It is no longer possible to eat such a vegetable. First, cut off the main stem of the broccoli. By the time of maturity, its length should reach 10 cm. After its removal, you can collect an additional crop formed on the side shoots. Not only the broccoli florets themselves are edible, but also top part stem.

Collecting heads is best done in the morning, as they fade under the influence of sunlight. Broccoli florets that ripen early are unsuitable for long-term storage. You can do with them in 2 ways: immediately cook or freeze. A crop harvested in mid-autumn can be stored for up to 3 months. To stay fresh, he needs coolness. You will need to put the heads in the refrigerator or in the basement.

Broccoli has an interesting feature. Even after being removed from the ground, its bushes are able to form new ovaries. If, in the process of preparing the garden for winter, they are uprooted and left on the beds, then after 1 month it will be possible to cut off the last juicy inflorescences from them.

Asparagus cabbage has not yet gained great popularity among summer residents, but this culture deserves attention. Regular consumption of its inflorescences is good for health, and cooking them is quick and easy. Broccoli dishes will add variety to the diet, because there are many recipes for them. It can be boiled, fried, stewed with other vegetables, steamed, used as a filling for pies.

It will not take much time to care for asparagus cabbage. It is grown not only in the garden. At home, you can get inflorescences rich in vitamins all year round by planting seeds in wooden boxes and putting them on a balcony or loggia. Broccoli is almost not afraid of the cold, in the open field it is rarely affected by pests, it loves wet weather. It is enough just to water and feed the plantings in time, and it will be possible to enjoy the fruits of their labors until late autumn.

Broccoli is recommended by many nutritionists. This Mediterranean culture can grow not only at home, but also in the garden, especially since it is incredibly useful - it contains many minerals and vitamins.

How to grow broccoli. Landing and care secrets

Features of broccoli

This culture is known, first of all, for its anti-cancer and dietary properties, in addition, it stimulates the process of blood formation. Broccoli is especially useful for those who suffer from diabetes or heart disease, and due to the high amount of fiber and folic acid Cabbage is also recommended for pregnant women.

Broccoli cabbage - useful properties

Nutritional value and chemical composition

Note! It is believed that even a "lazy" summer resident is able to grow broccoli. The culture is easy to care for, as you yourself will see by reading the instructions and recommendations given in the article. But first, we advise you to find out what a plant is.

Broccoli is a cruciferous crop whose stems can reach 0.8-0.9 m in height. In the upper part of the stems, many buds form - they are edible. Outwardly, the culture resembles cauliflower, but compares favorably with it in that it forms several heads at once.

Growing broccoli in the garden

Broccoli can be of two types, consider them.

1. asparagus. It has a large number of heads of cabbage on thin stems. Edible in this case are just the stems, which are very similar to asparagus (hence the name). Inflorescences can be both green and purple.
2. Calabrian. A fairly large head of cabbage, located on a massive stem. It is very similar to cauliflower, only the inflorescences are green. Although there are varieties with white inflorescences.

Types of broccoli

Broccoli Romanesco

The described culture is considered one of the most unpretentious representatives of the family. She should not be shaded, because she loves the light. Moreover, too small heads can be formed due to shading. The acidity of the soil should be between 6.7 and 7.4 pH. Potatoes, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cucumbers, legumes and cereals can act as a plant precursor.

Express analysis of soil acidity

Note! If cabbage grew on the site, then over the next four years other plants need to be grown there.

The process of growing broccoli, as already noted, is extremely simple. Culture can be grown even on the windowsill, although this is not the point here. Today you will learn how to grow broccoli in the garden.

Stage one. Seed preparation

Sift the dried seeds, leaving only the largest of them for planting. The seed treatment procedure consists of several stages, we will get acquainted with them.

Preparing seeds for planting

Step 1. First, immerse the seeds in water, the temperature of which is about 50 degrees, for 20 minutes, then in cold water, but for a minute.

Step 2 Immerse the seeds in solutions that contain beneficial micronutrients. In parallel, this will serve as additional protection against various infections. First of all, prepare a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g) and boric acid (0.5 g) by mixing the components with 1 liter of water. Then infuse the seeds in the resulting product for 12 hours.

Preparing a solution for soaking seeds

After that, immerse them in another solution prepared in advance (dilute 1 tablespoon of wood ash in 1 liter of water, then leave for 48 hours), and leave for another five to six hours.

Step 3 Rinse them with clean water.

Step 4 Place in refrigerator for 24 hours.

Step 5 Spread the seeds on a piece of clean cloth to dry slightly. Do not under any circumstances overdry!

Step 6 Everything, now you can plant seeds.

This can be started already in March-April. As for the March seedlings, they need picking and planting in a greenhouse, after which - in open soil. April, you can immediately land in the garden, without resorting to a greenhouse.

sprouted seedlings

To obtain a crop throughout the season, seeds for seedlings should be sown in two or three periods, the interval between which should be 12-15 days. Thanks to this, you will be able to harvest until the onset of autumn. In addition, in May, seeds can be planted without seedlings, that is, in open soil, but subject to warm weather.

In the photo, the process of planting seedlings in the ground

Stage two. Seedling

Seedlings can be grown in a greenhouse or small boxes. For this, boxes 25 cm high and 30x50 cm in size are suitable.

wooden seedling box

Prepare the soil for seedlings as follows: mix sand with turf and peat in equal proportions, and scatter the resulting mixture into boxes, after laying drainage there.

The best soil for seedlings

In the photo, ash to be added to the ground

24 hours before sowing, water the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate to prevent the development of a disease called "black leg". But in the future, it is better not to use potassium permanganate - because of it, the acidity of the soil will increase, which will not “like” broccoli cabbage.

You can also use small pots for seedlings.

Seedlings in a honeycomb box

If boxes are still used, then make furrows 1-1.5 cm deep for planting seeds in increments of about 3 cm. The distance between plants within one furrow should be at least 2.5 cm. After planting, maintain the temperature at 20 degrees , after germination, reduce it to 15 degrees and maintain at this level until the transplant. Water the seedlings moderately, once every two days. Do not overmoisten the soil, because this, again, will lead to the development of a “black leg”, while a moisture deficiency is dangerous for a poor harvest.

"Blackleg"

Note! If the seedlings grow poorly, you can feed it with a solution of potassium chloride, superphosphate, and also saltpeter (20 g each per bucket of water). It is important that top dressing is carried out only after the second leaf is formed.

Top dressing is carried out after the formation of the second sheet

Stage three. Dive

Dive, as well as transplantation, the described culture does not tolerate well. However, many gardeners still recommend diving broccoli and, if possible, planting it in the soil along with a clod of earth. In a greenhouse, diving can be carried out 14 days after germination. But due to the fact that crop growth slows down after picking, the procedure can be performed immediately before transplanting.

Diving broccoli seedlings

You need to dive broccoli in two cases:

• if the seedlings are too thick;
• if the seedlings can already be transplanted, but the air temperature is less than 15 degrees (arrows may form with prolonged cooling).

When diving, the stems descend along the cotyledon leaves. After 30-40 days, seedlings can be planted.

Stage four. Transplanting

Prepare the beds in advance.

Bed preparation

In autumn, carefully dig them up and apply humus (one bucket per square meter) or the fertilizers listed in the second stage (30-40 g each). If the acidity of the soil is increased, then before digging, carry out liming (as an option, you can do this in early spring, a few weeks before sowing). With the onset of spring, add compost to the beds (10 l / sq. M.).

Compost for soil fertilization

Note! Start transplanting in the afternoon, preferably in cloudy weather.

Table. Planting Instructions

	Start transplanting when the seedlings are 10-15 cm high.
	Water the soil well, and then start transplanting. You should first dig and fertilize the bed as described above.
	Dig holes 8 cm deep with a distance of 30-60 cm. The soil should reach the level of the first leaves, but do not cover them. If we are talking about a miniature variety, then the distance between the pits can be up to 30 cm.
	Monitor soil temperature. Use a mulch of compost, tree bark, and leaves to keep the soil cool. Pinch off the main root a little so that a good root system subsequently forms.
	After planting, carefully water the soil with water.

Seedless growing method

In this case, treat the soil in the same way as for seedlings. Seeds are prepared in the same way. Plant in moist and well-drained soil. When the second or third leaf appears, thin out the shoots, after which about 40 cm should remain between the plants.

Stage five. Features of care

How to care for broccoli

Water broccoli daily or every other day, preferably at evening time. Loosen the soil after watering. In hot weather, you can create partial shading, but humidifying the air is more beneficial, so you can put large low water tanks next to the beds. In addition, spraying can be carried out using a spray gun.

Plants may well grow with more rare watering (even weekly), but in this case the heads will be small, and their taste will be unusual. Various top dressings are also useful, one of the possible schemes is given below.

First feed. It is performed six to seven days after disembarkation, although it can be done immediately. A solution of urea should be used as a fertilizer (2 tablespoons per bucket of water - this is enough for about 15 seedlings).

Carbamide for feeding broccoli

Second. Should be carried out after two weeks with manure diluted with water (1:4). The resulting mixture is poured under the root.

Third. It is carried out when inflorescences begin to form. You need to use a solution of superphosphate (1 tablespoon per bucket of water - this is enough for about 15 plants).

In the photo, the preparation of a solution of urea for feeding broccoli

Fourth. Top dressing is applied after the central head is cut off.

After each fertilization, carry out hilling and loosening.

Hilling and loosening the soil after fertilization

Although if you can't spend four feedings, then nothing bad will happen, because broccoli is more demanding on moisture than on fertilizers.

Stage six. Protection against pests and diseases

Broccoli is quite resistant to these negative factors, and if you have followed all the recommendations below, then you have already carried out prevention against a number of diseases. Also, you can use natural ways protection. So, if you plant celery between plants, then protect the broccoli from the earthen flea. Dill, in turn, will protect against cabbage aphids, while peppermint will protect against cabbage.

Caterpillar - cabbage

In addition, you can spray the plants with a decoction of tomato tops (3 liters of water per 1 kg).

A decoction of tomato tops - cooking

To combat cruciferous flea, use chemicals(for example, "Iskra"), but at least 20 days before the inflorescences start.

Video - Features of growing broccoli

Stage seven. fruit picking

Harvesting broccoli

You will be able to harvest about three months after planting the seeds, however, the fruits from one plant can be harvested throughout the season, as new shoots will grow after cutting.

The photo shows yellow broccoli sprouts, but you can’t cut them yet

Collect only green heads. If yellow flowers are observed, then the fruits are overripe and unsuitable for consumption.

1. Determine the moment of harvest by inflorescences: if they become loose, then the flowers will bloom the very next day.
2. In dense fruits there are more useful substances, even if they need to be boiled longer.

Rules for cutting broccoli

Start harvesting early in the morning when the buds are juicy. Early fruits can be frozen or stored for several days in the refrigerator, while the autumn harvest is suitable for long-term storage in the cellar.

Video - Planting broccoli in the garden

Resembling cauliflower in appearance, broccoli has gained recognition for its great taste, low calorie content, and health benefits. Nowadays, many gardeners plant broccoli as the main crop on their land. Broccoli not particularly whimsical in cultivation and care in the open field, and at the same time it brings a pretty good harvest even in the fleeting, cold summer season.

Features of broccoli

Efficient, convenient and very fast. When you need to lose 3-4 kilograms in a week. Read more here…

The main feature of broccoli is its famous dietary and anti-cancer properties. It also has a positive effect on the formation of blood in the human body. Broccoli is indispensable in the diet of people with diabetes or various diseases hearts. And because of the high content of folic acid and fiber in it, it is recommended for pregnant women.

Remember! Even those people who spend little time caring for vegetable crops on the site will easily grow broccoli.

Let us first understand what is broccoli. Broccoli is a vegetable in the cruciferous family. Its stems grow up to 0.8-0.9 m in height, as seen in a photo, forming at the top a lot of buds - the edible part. Unlike cauliflower, broccoli forms several heads at once.

There are two types of broccoli:

1. Asparagus. It has many heads of cabbage on thin stems resembling asparagus. Only the stems are edible. It blooms with green or purple inflorescences.
2. Calabrian. It has a strong stem with a fairly large one head. Reminiscent of cauliflower, but blooms green or white, depending on the cultivar.

Among the cruciferous family growing conditions seedling broccoli is considered the simplest and most unpretentious. The main thing is to plant it in places with sufficient light, otherwise too small heads may grow. And the pH of the acidity of the soil should be from 6.7 to 7.4. The predecessors of broccoli are:

• Cereal crops;
• Legumes;
• cucumbers;
• Potato;
• Pumpkin.

Need to remember! You can not plant broccoli in the place where the cabbage grew for four years.

There are two planting methods:

I was able to get rid of ARTHROSIS AND OSTEOCHONDROSIS FOR A MONTH! Operations are not needed. Read more here…

1. from seeds;
2. From seedlings.

Each of the methods is good in its own way and is suitable for obtaining a quality broccoli crop on the land.

Growing from seedlings

Growing from seedlings- very popular, convenient way, which allows you to predict the number of the final harvest and save the maximum of plants during growth.

Broccoli seeds should be prepared in early spring. To do this, with the advent of the first warm spring days, the seeds are sorted out, leaving only whole and large specimens. Next, the seeds are planted in boxes in domestic conditions filled with a neutral or slightly alkaline substrate.

Advice! In order for the soil to be the most favorable for seeds - loose, permeable, drainage is placed down the boxes.

Seeds are laid out in pre-prepared small grooves at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. The optimum air temperature in a closed room should be from + 20ºС and above. You can reduce the temperature after seedlings emerge, but not less than + 10ºС.

Planted seeds germinate quickly, so after about 14 days they will need to be transplanted (dive). Transplanted usually in small peat pots. When the time comes, the broccoli will be planted in the ground along with the pots.

Planting grown cabbage in the garden after 30 days after sowing, when 5-6 leaves appear at the broccoli seedlings. Planting seedlings in the Moscow region and regions with a cold climate is carried out no earlier than May, when the surface of the earth warms up well.

Watch the video! Sowing broccoli for seedlings

Agrotechnics for growing broccoli from seeds

To get rid of growing seedlings and its subsequent transplantation, you can immediately plant the seeds in open ground. Such planting of seeds occurs at the end of April in regions with a warm climate, and on sunny days in May in regions with a cold climate. Seeds are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm in moist soil, then the cabbage will sprout much faster. To obtain a crop in regions with a cold climate, for example, in the Urals, you need to buy only early and cold-resistant varieties of cabbage. If you plant cabbage varieties of late harvest in such regions, then it will not be, because the broccoli will not have time to ripen.

Broccoli Care

Growing a crop such as broccoli and caring for it is no different from cultivating other types of cabbage. This is an unpretentious culture, but timely watering, fertilizing and regular loosening are necessary.

Watering

Watering broccoli should be at least once every seven days. In order for the culture to please with a plentiful, juicy harvest, it is watered not only at the roots, but also along the entire length of the stem, and the leaves are also sprayed.

top dressing

Fertilization must be carried out at least three times per season:

1. The first feeding is carried out 14 days after disembarkation seedlings in the garden. At the same time, chicken or cow droppings are used as organic fertilizers.
2. After a few weeks, the second top dressing is done with a solution of saltpeter (dissolve 1 tsp of saltpeter in 10 liters of water).
3. The third dressing follows after the formation of the first inflorescences and is done with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (nitrophoska - nitrogen 11%, phosphorus 10% and potassium 11% - 50 g per 10 liters of water).

Pests and diseases

The growth of broccoli and caring for it can be hampered by pests - lovers of this type of cabbage:

• slugs;
• aphids;
• cabbage butterflies;
• cabbage flies.

Different parts of young cabbage are susceptible to the following diseases:

• blackleg;
• keel;
• rot;
• peronosporosis;
• mosaic.

Important! Used in pest control chemical solutions. Moreover, they are used only on healthy inflorescences, the sick are deliberately removed before processing.

Harvest Rules

Heads of cabbage cabbage broccoli harvested while they are still green. If the inflorescences turn yellow, they are left to obtain seeds from them, since they are no longer suitable for food.

After cutting the head, do not pull the broccoli out of the ground, as new shoots quickly grow from the lateral sinuses, from which a new crop appears.

It is clear from the article that it is not difficult to get a good harvest when growing such an unpretentious and useful crop as broccoli.

Watch the video! How to grow broccoli in the country: the secrets of success

Broccoli stands out from a number of other cabbages with its beauty, exquisite taste, usefulness and demanding character. It is cultivated on all continents, but is especially appreciated in Europe. In Russia, the vegetable is only gaining popularity.

Broccoli loves rich, non-acidic soil, mineral nutrition, water, and warmth, but dislikes heat. For good harvest seedlings should be strong, and varieties should be modern, preferably hybrid.

Preparing to plant broccoli

To enjoy broccoli all summer and autumn, and freeze delicious heads for the winter, you will have to tinker with seedlings. The first seeds are sown at home, in February and March. The next batch is sown in a greenhouse or open ground in April - June. If you sow varieties of different ripening dates at the same time, part of the cabbage will fall under the summer heat and will not form heads.

Growing broccoli seedling way allows:

• set up a vegetable conveyor;
• grow varieties that are different in terms of ripening;
• protect young plants from cold and pests.

Broccoli seedlings take root after transplantation and quickly catch up, and then overtake cabbage, planted with seeds in open ground. Moreover, the latter is often stunted due to damage caused by cruciferous fleas.

It is necessary to choose the right sowing time. Overgrown seedlings will form a small head, which will quickly crumble. Spring seedlings should be 40-50 days, summer - 30-35 days. Spring is planted in the garden in early May, summer - in mid-May, when the beds are freed from early crops. Good seedlings have 4-5 leaves, hardened, not stretched.

Broccoli seedlings love good lighting, but prefer short daylight hours. It can be grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse with solar heating - there tender plants will have enough heat, light and moisture. In addition, in the greenhouse, young cabbage is protected from cruciferous fleas- malicious pests of seedlings.

Planting broccoli

Strong, hardened seedlings are planted in open ground. Landing is best done in cloudy weather or in the evening. A handful of humus and ash are brought into the wells.

Plants during transplantation are buried to the cotyledon. When threatened spring frosts the bed is covered with dense agrofiber.

The distance between plants for early and medium varieties is 45x60 cm. Late varieties form large and powerful leaves, so they need more space - 70x70 cm.

Cabbage is not planted after cabbage. The best predecessors for broccoli:

• legumes;
• pumpkin;
• onion;
• celery;
• early potatoes.

A bed of broccoli can be "diluted":

• cabbage;
• peas;
• bow;
• cucumbers;
• beans;
• beets;
• chicory.

Tomato and celery will scare away pests from broccoli.

Caring for broccoli is almost the same as caring for cauliflower. The plant is in dire need of light and watering. Air must be supplied to the roots. For this upper layer the soil is kept loose. The bed is weeded every week. Plants are spudded at least once a season so that additional roots appear on the stem.

Early varieties set heads in 56–60 days, mid-season in 65–70. If the summer is cool, the ripening period is lengthened. In autumn, plants that have not had time to grow full-fledged heads can be dug up with roots and put in the basement, where they will ripen. With a slight autumn frost, vegetables can be covered with agrofiber or polypropylene bags.

fertilizers

Broccoli is demanding on the soil. Heads won't be big on sandy ground, but on loamy plants feel great. Fertile, structured, “living” soil is ideal for culture. Such soil does not require digging. On drip irrigation, it is possible to grow heads of record weight on it.

The best fertilizers for broccoli are organic. In autumn, ash and organic matter are brought to the garden: compost, mowed grass, chicken manure, fallen leaves. In the spring, organic matter will partially decompose, improving the structure and fertility of the soil. Cabbage does not like acidic soil - such soil needs to be limed or ash added in the fall.

You need to communicate with caution. Broccoli needs manganese. If you add a lot of lime to the soil, the element will go into an insoluble form and become inaccessible to plants. With the introduction of ash, such problems do not arise.

So, the soil for broccoli should be fertile, warm, loose, airy, moisture-absorbing and moisture-permeable. This is not difficult to achieve if you add a lot of organic matter for 3-4 years in a row. 10-15 kg of organic matter is applied to medium-fertile soils, 5 kg per square meter to chernozems. On sandy soils, the rate of organic matter is increased by 1.5 times.

In addition to organic fertilizers, mineral supplements will be required. At the beginning of development, the vegetable needs nitrogen and phosphorus, in the middle - in potassium. An excess of phosphorus leads to friability of the heads, so superphosphate is applied not for digging, but in the form of top dressing.

Cauliflower and broccoli are susceptible to micronutrient deficiencies. With a lack of boron, the apical buds die. Lack of magnesium leads to hollow heads.

Broccoli is a big fan of molybdenum. If it is not enough, the head will not form, and the leaves will grow deformed.

In order not to scrupulously select individual macro- and microelements and not to engage in spraying and instillation of powders into the soil all season, you can add any complex fertilizer to the soil in the fall, for example, nitrophoska. And give microelements in the form of foliar dressings, choosing a fertilizer in which they are in an organic (chelated) form.

Watering

Broccoli has superficial roots and large leaves that evaporate a lot of water, so it is moisture-loving. It is desirable that the top 40 cm of soil in the garden bed be wet - then the heads will grow faster. Even a slight overdrying will provoke grinding of the heads, reduce their quality.

The vegetable loves refreshing sprinkling, but not every summer resident can afford to water cabbage from a hose every day. To save water and time, you can set up a drip irrigation system and mulch the bed with organic matter.

Growing Tips

If broccoli fails year after year, you need to find mistakes in agricultural technology. Here are some typical flaws:

• infertile soil - sandy, not filled with organic matter, with a low content of humus;
• obsolete varieties;
• seedlings of poor quality;
• early sowing seeds into the ground, when the temperature has risen to a fairly high level;
• seedlings falling under spring frost - unlike white cabbage, broccoli does not tolerate cold;
• thickening, due to which heads of cabbage are not tied;
• lack of moisture;
• lack of trace elements, especially molybdenum, which gives the heads density;
• attack by pests and diseases;
• planting seedlings in open ground during an excessively hot and dry period.

Broccoli outgrows quickly - faster than cauliflower. Dense heads become loose, amorphous, or even bloom in 2-3 days. Therefore, they need to be cut off in time, without overexposure in the beds.

Broccoli is a subspecies of garden cabbage, which does not form forks, but a head of buds. AT last years among cabbage crops, broccoli is becoming more and more popular. It is associated with good palatability, useful properties and ease of cultivation. Let's try to figure out how to grow broccoli in the country.

How to plant broccoli seedlings

Unlike cabbage, broccoli has a one-year development cycle. You need to harvest broccoli before its buds open and the whole head turns yellow from flowers. Despite the fact that Italy is the birthplace of broccoli, there are varieties that grow well and produce crops in temperate regions.

In addition, with properly selected varieties, you can not only have fresh broccoli all season, but also store it. You can plant broccoli in the country either immediately in open ground or through seedlings.

Sowing broccoli for seedlings

For seedlings of broccoli, both ready-made soil and soil mix, which will be prepared with your own hands from the following components:

• 10 kg of garden soil
• 1 kg wood ash
• 0.2 kg of chalk or lime
• 0.2 kg sand

It is important not to use the land where cabbage or other related crops used to grow. The soil should be well mixed and not contain large parts, foreign inclusions. In addition, before sowing, it must be moistened and allowed to stand for several hours, it should be moist, but crumbly.

Preparing broccoli seeds for sowing

To obtain strong seedlings broccoli, its seeds can be prepared in the following way:

• heat water up to + 45
• put the seeds in there for 20 minutes
• then dip them for 5 minutes in ice water

Such processing will accelerate the germination of broccoli seeds and will allow you to get healthy planting material. Before you lower the seeds into the water, you need to read the information on the package. If the seeds have been industrially processed, for example, with a substance such as thiram, then they cannot be soaked, but must be immediately planted in the ground. As a rule, seeds of imported, mainly Dutch origin are processed with thiram.

Sowing dates for seedlings

Considering that at the age of 35 - 40 days the seedlings are already ready to move to open ground, it is possible to sow broccoli seeds for seedlings in early April.

1. In seedling boxes, make grooves 1 cm deep and sow seeds in them. The distance between the grooves is 2 cm, the distance between the seeds is 2 cm.
2. Cover the seedling box with glass and wait for the emergence of seedlings. When the seeds germinate together, the glass is removed.

Seedlings do not need additional light in April. At the stage of 1-2 true leaves, broccoli dive into separate pots 5 by 5 cm in size. When picking, the seedling is buried almost to the cotyledon leaves. At the age of 35 - 40 days, broccoli is ready to move to an open garden bed.

Broccoli and open ground

At the end of May, you can sow broccoli seeds immediately on the garden bed or plant cabbage seedlings on it. Regardless of the method of planting, the bed must be dug up and seasoned with rotted cow dung, about 8 - 10 kg per sq. meter, one kg of ash and a large spoonful of superphosphate are also added. If the soil is sandy, then a bucket of clay is added, preferably red.

Given that the heads of some varieties of broccoli reach impressive sizes, the distance between the seedlings should be about half a meter. Seeds can be sown thicker, and then planted at the desired distance.

It is advisable to adhere to the seeding rate - 0.2 g per square meter. m. By the time of transplantation, broccoli seedlings should not be higher than 12 - 15 cm and with 5 - 6 true leaves. Broccoli is planted in fairly deep holes. The roots are closed so that the plant remains in an earthen funnel. When removing weeds and loosening, and also as they grow, the earth is raked under a bush.

Caring for broccoli comes down to the following:

• to watering, in a normal summer in a day or two, in hot weather - daily
• to three top dressings: the first one 14 days after planting, the second - 14 days from the first, for top dressing they take kg of mullein and dilute it in 10 liters of water, the third top dressing is complex mineral before the formation of the ovary
• timely cutting of the central head
• the introduction of mineral top dressing after cutting the head to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots
• disease prevention and pest control

Broccoli early varieties after cutting, they are stored for 10-12 days, late varieties are stored for storage. Broccoli of late varieties are harvested in October, stored at a temperature of 0 to + 4 for 90 days. It remains to choose the right varieties to provide yourself with fresh broccoli for 8-9 months a year.

The choice of broccoli varieties for growing in the country

Early varieties of broccoli:

1. Milady is an ultra-early hybrid, resistant to adverse conditions, heads weighing up to 1.5 kg, bud color is blue-green, has a high iodine content
2. Naxos is an early hybrid, grows well in both conditions cold weather, and at high temperature, head size 0.5 kg

Medium varieties of broccoli:

1. Marathon - a variety resistant to powdery mildew, head weighing up to 1.0 kg, fine-grained
2. Bosphorus - an excellent variety with extended maturation, harvested in summer and early autumn

Late varieties of broccoli:

1. Fiesta is a late hybrid, tolerates adverse weather very well. weather, heads are large, even in size, with high commercial qualities
2. Continental - late hybrid, forms a dense and lying central head

Broccoli spread first in Europe, and then in Asia and America. At present, it is not only recognized in the world as one of the the best varieties cabbage, but also as a useful vegetable in the prevention of many diseases, including cancer.

Video about favorable conditions for broccoli:

One of the most popular diet foods is broccoli. The vegetable contains many valuable nutrients. Cabbage is famous for its taste. Growing it in the country is easy even for a novice farmer. The main thing is to properly prepare the sprouts for planting at home.

Character traits

Distinguishing broccoli from cauliflower is easy. It is colored green and differs in the structure of the inflorescences. Already in the first months after planting, broccoli grows large size. The stem of the plant is 65-95 cm.

The top of the seedlings after the end of the formation of inflorescences is a multiple buds, which make up the cabbage head. This part of the seedlings is usually eaten. As soon as the inflorescences turn yellow, the broccoli is no longer suitable for eating.

New heads of cabbage are formed from lateral processes, which begin to grow rapidly after cutting the main shoot. This vegetable crop bears fruit without ceasing throughout the summer.

Over the past few years, broccoli has ceased to be an exotic home-grown food. Along with carrots, potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers, gardeners annually plant it in their beds. The rules for planting a vegetable differ little from caring for ordinary white cabbage. Broccoli grows equally well in the Moscow region, and in Novgorod, and in Samara.

To begin with, seedlings are sown, after which cabbage sprouts must be planted in open ground. It is important to carefully water it, fertilize it regularly and carry out the prevention of infectious diseases.

Preparatory procedures

Before you grow broccoli for seedlings, you need to choose a place in the garden where vegetable beds will subsequently be located. This plant culture loves a lot of light, so find a plot of land where there will be practically no shade. Broccoli can be grown between low berry bushes.

Please note that seedlings do not tolerate soil well with hyperacidity. Not suitable for growing broccoli and soil with surface groundwater.

If the alkaline balance of the earth exceeds 7.5 before planting seedlings, the site must be treated lime mortar. Every year it is recommended to choose a new place in the garden for growing this type of cabbage.

There is a list of vegetable crops where broccoli cannot be planted. The soil after them is so depleted that it will not be possible to grow a good crop. This list includes the following products:

• radish;
• salad;
• tomatoes;
• radish;
• White cabbage.

Only after 3-4 years have passed in the place where these plants grew, it will be possible to plant cabbage.

Favorable neighbors are:

• cereals;
• beans;
• potato.

To plant broccoli seedlings in the garden, even in the fall, the selected area is carefully dug up and cleared of weeds. In the same period, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers, which will later help to grow an excellent crop.

For this, organic matter is used - humus or compost (at the rate of 4 kg per 1 sq. m. of land). With the onset of warm spring weather, the soil is necessarily loosened.

Selection and preparation of seeds

When thinking about how to grow broccoli in the garden, keep in mind that the result obtained will directly depend on which cabbage you choose. At home, 2 main types of cabbage are bred.

1. Common broccoli is the most commonly grown type of gardener. Cabbage is distinguished by the fact that its green inflorescences fit snugly together. This type of broccoli has a tall stem, wide leaves and many varieties.
2. Italian or asparagus - in its appearance is significantly different from the usual broccoli. The plant consists of several main stems, each of which forms its own small head of cabbage.

Most gardeners plant seedlings before planting broccoli in their garden. This allows you to monitor the development of sprouts and select only healthy seedlings for planting in open ground. The quality of the crop depends on the seed material that is used to grow seedlings.

You can buy broccoli seeds in any specialized store for summer residents.

It is necessary to pre-harden the seed. For 1.5-2 minutes, dip the seeds in water at a temperature of 50 ° C and immediately cool in a container with a cool one. Seeds treated with fungicidal preparations will germinate faster.

In order for broccoli seedlings to stretch quickly, you can use products that activate the growth of seedlings. For these purposes, "Epin", "Zircon", "Kornevin" are suitable. The drugs are used strictly according to the instructions on the package.

Seeds are soaked in a growth activator for 6-7 hours, after which they are thoroughly dried on a clean napkin. This procedure will allow you to reject poor-quality seed, empty seeds that are not suitable for planting will definitely emerge.

If you are going to grow broccoli in your garden, take into account that late varieties of cabbage are well grown in southern latitudes. They keep well, bloom and bear fruit for a long time. In a temperate climate, the growing season of seedlings lasts more than 3.5 months. In northern latitudes, it is better to use early varieties for planting.

Timing

Beginner gardeners who are going to grow broccoli from seedlings are concerned about 2 main questions: when to plant broccoli for seedlings and how to do it correctly.

The time when the seeds are planted depends on which variety of broccoli was chosen for planting. The place where containers with seedlings will be placed also plays a huge role. If you plan to grow seedlings under a film in a greenhouse, then the most suitable period for these purposes is the end of April.

Growing broccoli for seedlings can be organized without a greenhouse. The technology is exactly the same as in the previous method, only in an apartment or house the seedlings will be stored in a dark and cool place. Please note that without a greenhouse, seeds are sown much earlier. This is done in March, so that after a month the sprouts that have appeared can be planted in the garden.

Seeds of late varieties of broccoli are sown at the end of the first summer month. Planting cabbage in July does not make sense, since it is unlikely that you will be able to grow a quality crop.

Sowing

Broccoli seedlings are planted in containers specially prepared for this purpose. The used land is fertilized with minerals. Use humus or wood ash. If you took the soil from the garden plot, do not forget to disinfect it from infection, otherwise bacterial spores can kill all the sprouts. For this, potassium permanganate is usually used (at the rate of 3 g per 1 liter of water).

It is necessary to water the soil in advance so that the water has time to soak. Make indentations in the soil, no more than 1.5-2 cm in size. Try to keep an equal distance between the seedlings (up to 3.5 cm). Place a few seeds in the hole, carefully drop in and lightly press the ground with your fingers.

After 5-7 days, the first shoots will hatch. Until then, seed boxes should be stored at room temperature 20°C away from sunlight. As soon as the plants sprout, the boxes should be moved to the light.

Picking of broccoli seedlings is carried out 14 days after the appearance of sprouts.

Plants are planted in containers with peat. They need to be fed with fertilizers (use molybdenum or boron). Planting broccoli also includes hardening seedlings. Keep the sprouts at 16-17°C.

Some gardeners believe that it is better to grow seeds in disposable cups, because the seedlings have a too weak root system and the sprouts may suffer when picking.

For planting seeds in containers, peat mixture is used instead of soil. Fill only 1/3 of the glass. Then seed is placed there and peat is added. Make sure that the top layer of the earth is not too wide, otherwise it will be difficult for the sprouts to hatch.

Please note that growing broccoli does not involve feeding seedlings with nutrients until they are planted in open ground. Fertilizers can burn the roots of the sprouts, causing them to become stunted and sick.

Pay close attention to the condition of the soil. Watering should be regular, it should not be excessively wet, otherwise the seeds will rot. It is important to provide seedlings with a sufficient amount of ultraviolet light.

If you violate the rules for sowing broccoli, seedlings can get sick with a fungal disease such as black leg. For preventive purposes, treat broccoli seedlings every 3 weeks with Fitosporin-M.

Transfer to open ground

Seedlings are planted in the garden in 1-1.5 months. In order for the seedlings to take root well, 5-7 leaves should have time to form on them, and the root system needs time to strengthen.

Growing broccoli in the open field begins with the preparation of the land. The earth must be loosened after winter and useful substances added there. For 1 sq. m of land will need: 5 kg of humus, 4 kg of manure, 20 g of potassium.

In order for seedlings to gain strength, plants need enough phosphorus. Planting seedlings grown in greenhouse conditions is carried out in May. Already in the first autumn months you will collect the first harvest.

Plant sprouts in the evening, when the sun sets. It's better if there is overcast weather. Water the planting holes liberally a few hours before the procedure. They should be dug at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. Be sure to mix the earth with a mixture of humus and wood ash.

Planting broccoli seedlings is very easy. Gently place the seedlings in the dug hole, press down with your hands and sprinkle with soil, forming a watering circle. So that the plants do not suffer from a possible temperature difference, the seedlings must be covered for the night. Use for this polyethylene film. With the onset of a hot day, the shelter should be removed.

Care rules

Broccoli is easy to grow. If you do not violate the basic rules for caring for this vegetable crop, you can easily harvest an excellent harvest. The main requirements that must be observed without fail are regular watering of seedlings and the application of mineral fertilizers.

Irrigation

Cabbage sprouts need moisture. In order for the seedlings to develop normally, it should be watered every two days. If it's hot outside, increase the amount of water. Cabbage inflorescences develop actively when the soil is constantly moist. Plants need to be watered in the evening. During the first month, do not forget to shade the seedlings from the sun.

Watering broccoli is carried out after thorough loosening of the soil. It is important that the cabbage roots are constantly ventilated. Stagnation can lead to rotting of the lower part of the plant. Do not forget to periodically cover the vegetable beds with mulch.

Fertilization

A dietary vegetable needs constant feeding. A good crop will grow only when nutrients are applied at least 3 times per season.

1. Immediately after rooting. Wait until the seedlings are firmly established in the open field, then carry out the first watering. Use organic matter. Humus is best suited for these purposes. For 5 liters of water you will need 250 g of fertilizer. Seedlings are watered directly under the root. It is important that the solution does not get on the plant.
2. In a month. Minerals are added so that the sprouts begin to actively develop. For the second watering, use diluted saltpeter. One pack of fertilizer should be diluted in 10 liters of water. Broccoli should be watered abundantly, at least 1 liter under each bush.
3. during head formation. The third top dressing is carried out with the help of potassium and phosphorus. These substances will prolong the growing season and help the cabbage gain nutrients. Make a solution of 10 g of potassium, 30 g of superphosphate and 25 g of saltpeter. Before watering, the substances must be thoroughly mixed with each other.

Broccoli care doesn't end there. Useful microelements continue to be added even after cutting off the main head. This will help prolong fruiting.

Superphosphate is used for irrigation. Top dressing is applied strictly after watering. Nitrogen substances cannot be used for this. An excess of the mineral can cause the development of fungal diseases.

Control of diseases and pests

Broccoli care includes constant pest control. Even experienced gardeners have health problems with seedlings. The infection develops rapidly and many factors can provoke its appearance.

As soon as you notice the first signs of illness in the sprouts, do not waste time and start fighting the disease. We should not forget about insect pests, which can cause significant damage to the crop.

Broccoli diseases

The culture suffers from fungal infections. Spores live in the soil for a long time and can easily move from one plant to another. The thickening of planting sprouts negatively affects the health of broccoli. Try to place seedlings at a sufficient distance for the normal development of cabbage.

Most of all, broccoli seedlings suffer from gray rot, mosaic, alternariosis, peronosporosis, fusarium wilt. Illness affects appearance plants, causing the spread of ugly and extensive dark spots, which affect not only the stem, but also the heads of cabbage. Due to the development of the fungus, the leaves die off and fall off, the heads dry out.

To overcome the infection, it is recommended to use medicines containing copper. To combat fungal spores, plants are treated with Bordeaux mixture. But the drug should not be used during the period of active flowering. Use other more gentle medicines. As a disease prevention goal, remember to soak the seeds before planting.

insect pests

This vegetable culture is a favorite delicacy of various insects. Aphids, caterpillars, slugs and small fleas live on cabbage leaves. Pests should be carefully collected, and plants must be treated with special preparations.

Broccoli is a big threat garden snails. To cope with these insects, sprouts enclose at night slate sheets and treated with a mixture including lime, tobacco and coal. Mollusks should be collected from all beds and destroyed.

Harvesting and storage

After the cabbage is fully ripe, you should start harvesting it. Broccoli heads are recommended to be cut along with the stem - it contains many useful substances, and it is also suitable for eating.

Harvesting begins in the morning, before the scorching sun has risen.

Early varieties of broccoli do not store for a long time. They should be eaten as soon as possible. Late types of cabbage perfectly tolerate wintering in the cellar. Store vegetables in a dry and cool place.

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious it is. But, in addition to a delicate sweet taste, they are also very healthy. And here is an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or at home - in a container.

Quite often, even experienced summer residents face difficulties in growing tomato seedlings. For some, all seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain in an apartment ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient moisture and optimum temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut- vegetarian salad of boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from a French sauce made from vinegar, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century, perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for the Austrian herring salad are very similar.

When we dreamily sort out bright bags of seeds in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously sure that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for him in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why the seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden are happening rapidly. Buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still sleeping yesterday, everything literally comes to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiasis, maniliasis, scab, powdery mildew- the list can be very long.

Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great start to the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of everyone's favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. The day should start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received a gift blooming orchid. It is not surprising, because such a lively bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids cannot be called very difficult indoor crops to grow, but not fulfilling the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just starting to get acquainted with indoor orchids, you should find out the right answers to the main questions about growing these beautiful plants in the house.

Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins, prepared according to this recipe, are eaten in my family in the blink of an eye. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, exactly the same as mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then granulated sugar can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, a very nutritious snack is obtained, which is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.

The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Of course, every experienced gardener has his own proven way of growing seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of tomato "Sanka" is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even faded yet. Of course, if you follow the recommendations for growing and make an effort, even a novice grower will get a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrosuccess".

A task indoor plants in the house - decorate your home with your appearance, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.

Tender cutlets from chicken breast with champignons, it’s easy to cook according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But, if you add cream, white bread and mushrooms with onions to the chicken fillet, you get awesome delicious meatballs that both kids and adults will love. AT mushroom season try adding wild mushrooms to the minced meat.