Planting radish seedlings in spring. Radishes - planting and care in the open field and in a closed area. How do plants fit together?

After a long winter, cold days, you really want sunshine!

And first of all, you are waiting for the first flowers, fresh herbs and vegetables. What kind Nice memories causes a fresh salad with radish!

Of course, you can buy it in the winter at a fabulous price, but it cannot be compared with the one grown with your own hands, which comes straight from the garden to your table.

Many gardeners often have difficulty obtaining good harvest, even if the best varieties of radish were planted.

And it's all about the wrong agricultural practices of cultivation.

Biological features, popular varieties

Radish (Raphanus sativus) refers to annual plants, the Cabbage family. The plant has a rosette of lyre-shaped leaves, and the edible part is the root. Its shape can be round, spindle-shaped, conical, oval.

The most common is its red-pink color, but depending on the variety it can be white, yellow, gray, purple, motley. Its dimensions also fluctuate: 2-5 cm in diameter, from 15 to 100 g.

1.5-2 weeks after the root crop has grown, a flower stalk appears with white or purple flowers. Then seeds are formed that can be stored for up to 5 years.

In addition, this vegetable is one of the first to appear on the table in spring., it is also characterized by increased precocity. About 30 days are needed for the formation of a root crop in early varieties and up to 60 for late-ripening ones. Young sprouts can withstand short-term frosts down to -3˚ C.

However, prolonged frosts are fatal. Stable warm weather is optimal (12-15˚ C for growth and about 20˚ C for root formation). At higher temperatures, the plant becomes inedible - it is very bitter, woody and dries.

The right variety is an important condition for growing radishes.

All of them are divided into groups according to the timing of flowering:

• early ripe - 18 days, Mokhovsky, 20 days, Children's F1, Cherry bele, Camelot, Lanket, Okhotsk, Early red, Zarya, Rubin and others;
• mid-season - Vera, Icicle, Red Giant, Alba, Zlata and others;
• late-ripening - Zenith, Rampoush, Dungansky, Champion.

In the greenhouse, you can grow varieties such as Teplichny, Saksa, Zhara.

When to plant radishes?

You can get a crop of this root crop practically all year round, the main thing is to observe the agricultural technology characteristic of each period.

However, we are accustomed to the spring harvest, so it begins to be sown at the end of March., as well as throughout April, depending on the climatic conditions of the area.

Can also be sown in early August, then it will be possible to harvest at the end of September. For the winter planting of radishes, you will need a greenhouse.

How to plant radishes Basics of care

First, choose a place to land. It is worth avoiding predecessors from the cabbage family. Radishes do not grow well in the shade, so it is better to choose a well-lit place.

Due to a weak, poorly developed root system, soil moisture must be carefully monitored. Also, this plant requires rich in organic matter, well-fertilized, loose soils. Radish does not tolerate fresh manure, so it should never be applied to the soil.

If the soil is acidic, it must be limed (500 g of lime per 1 sq. M), and this is done in the fall. At the same time, a bed should be prepared for spring planting. It is dug up, fertilizers are applied (compost or humus - 4 kg per 1 sq. M). Mineral fertilizers and ash are also added.

The bed itself should be 10-12 cm high. You can grow radishes in the same place where heat-loving crops will be planted later. This will save space in the garden.

If you grow radishes in a greenhouse, you will get more early harvest. The soil is also prepared in the fall.

During spring sowing, the seeds are covered by 1.5-2 cm, per 1 sq. m - 40-50 g of seeds. The soil is watered before. The distance between plants is 4-5 cm. Very early crops can be covered with foil.

In the phase of one true leaf, thinning is carried out. This can damage the root crop, so it is best to try to sow the seeds one at a time. optimal distance.

Landing care is not difficult and consists in weeding, watering, loosening. The importance of watering has already been highlighted above. They should be carried out every 2-3 days, and if the weather is hot - daily. Sprinkling can also be used to increase air humidity. Then the soil must be loosened.

Radishes are often damaged by cruciferous flea and grubs. cabbage fly. They use a mixture of tobacco dust, wood ash and lime in equal proportions. It pollinates the plant.

Root vegetables are used in fresh adding them to salads and other dishes. However, the autumn harvest can be stored.

Before the onset of frost, it is removed and stored in the cellar without tops, sprinkled with sand (dry). Storage temperature - 2-5˚ С.

Radish (lat. Raphanus sativus)- annual or biennial plants belonging to the group Radish sowing of the genus Radish of the Cabbage family, or Cruciferous. The radish vegetable got its name from the Latin word radix, which means root. This is an early ripening garden crop, a leader among fast-growing vegetables, it is in great demand in spring time, since at this time only radishes contain living vitamins, so necessary for the body after winter.

Planting and caring for radishes (in a nutshell)

• Landing: sowing seeds in the ground - before winter or spring, from late March to mid-April.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: loose, light soil of neutral or slightly alkaline reaction (5.5-7.0 pH).
• Predecessors: undesirable - any cruciferous crops. Good ones are potatoes, cucumbers, legumes. After radishes, it is best to grow tomatoes on the site.
• Watering: frequent and plentiful: in a normal spring with rains and thunderstorms - once a day, in the morning or after 17.00, but in abnormally hot and dry weather - both in the morning and in the evening. The soil on the site should be slightly moist at all times.
• Top dressing: when grown on poor soils, top dressing is applied twice, on the rich - once. Apply complex mineral fertilizers.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: cruciferous fleas and bears.
• Diseases: bacteriosis, keel, black leg.

Read more about growing radishes below.

Vegetable radish - description

The radish plant is grown in many countries. It is a root crop with a diameter of 2.5 cm, covered with a thin skin of red, pink or white-pink color with a sharp taste due to the mustard oil contained in its pulp. The radish vegetable is a long-day plant; for normal development, it needs 13-hour daylight hours. But its growing season is short, so you can grow radish roots throughout the season, planting it literally every week.

Planting radishes in open ground

When to plant radishes in the ground

Radish seeds germinate at a temperature of 1-2 ºC, for normal development, the plant needs a temperature of 15-18 ºC, but no more, since too warm air with a lack of lighting (and at this time of the year the day is still short) leads only to the growth of the tops, while the root crop does not grow and coarsens. As soon as the soil thaws and warms up, the radish is planted in the ground. This usually happens in mid-April, although in warmer areas, early varieties of radishes are sown as early as late March.

soil for radishes

Growing radishes from seeds begins with soil preparation. The site where you sow radishes should be sunny at least the first half of the day and closed from the wind. The optimal soil for radishes is loose, light soil of a neutral or slightly acidic reaction, the pH of which is in the range of 5.5-7.0 units. Too acidic soils must be limed before planting radishes.

It is good to sow radishes on a plot intended for growing tomatoes in the future: you can sow radishes on it every week until May 20, collect a good harvest of root crops and at the same time prepare the soil on the plot for growing tomatoes. Heavy and cold soils or poor sandy loamy soils, if you want to grow radishes in them, will have to be dug up with humus at the rate of 2-3 kg per m². Fresh manure does not fertilize the soil for radishes.

You can plant radishes in the area where potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, beans were previously grown, and in the area where turnips, radishes, turnips, daikon, watercress, cabbage and horseradish grew, you cannot grow a good radish crop. It is advisable to change the place for radishes every year, so that each time it has predecessors from a different family.

Under spring sowing the plot is prepared in the fall: they dig up the soil to the depth of a spade bayonet with compost or humus - then in the spring, immediately before sowing, the depth of digging with the simultaneous application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers can be no more than 20 cm.

How to plant radishes outdoors

Radish seeds are sown densely in grooves previously spilled with water to a depth of 2 cm, keeping a distance between rows of 15-20 cm. The grooves are covered with loose soil, then the surface is compacted, but not watered, but cover the area with a layer of peat or humus 2 cm thick. At night, after five o'clock in the evening and until the morning, the bed is covered with a film until the seeds germinate. The timing of the emergence of seedlings depends on the weather. In good, dry and sunny weather, the seeds can germinate in 3-4 days.

At the development phase, they are thinned out at the seedlings of the first leaf, leaving a distance of 3-5 cm between the specimens. If you are a patient person, sow the seeds immediately at the indicated distance so that you do not have to break through the seedlings later, because this procedure can damage the roots of the main seedlings, and they will develop worse, and as a result, their shooting may occur. With proper care, growing radishes in open field before harvest lasts 20-30 days.

Planting radishes before winter

We told you about the timing of spring sowing, and the planting of winter radish, a biennial, is carried out at the end of autumn. Planting radishes in the fall is carried out after the onset of frost - in the middle or end of November. Far from all varieties of radishes are suitable for winter sowing, but varieties such as Yubileiny, Spartak, Mercado, Mayak, Carmen are able to germinate even at low temperatures.

The preparation of the site for sowing is carried out at the end of summer: the soil is dug up and fertilized, adding half a bucket of humus or rotted compost per 1 m², 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate and potassium sulfate. After fertilizing, the bed is covered with a film, pressing its edges with stones or bricks so that the shelter does not blow away with the wind.

The procedure for autumn sowing differs from the spring procedure in that in autumn the seeds are thrown into dry ground, and after planting the seeds, the bed is necessarily mulched with dry earth or peat, the surface is compacted and the area is covered with snow if it has already fallen out.

What is the advantage of winter sowing? The fact is that next year you will receive a harvest of radishes sown in autumn two weeks earlier than a harvest of radishes sown next spring.

radish care

How to grow radishes

Caring for radishes in the open field consists of watering, weeding and loosening row spacings. If you put a layer of mulch on the bed after sowing, care will not be tedious, but try to complete all care procedures on time.

Watering radishes

Radish culture is moisture-loving, optimal humidity soil for the normal development of its roots should be about 80%, so you will have to water the site often, especially at first, otherwise the radish will be bitter. With insufficient watering, the plant shoots, and root crops do not develop. If watering is too frequent or plentiful, the root crops will crack.

How to water radishes in order to achieve a good and high-quality harvest? If the spring is normal, with rains and thunderstorms, watering the radish is carried out every day in the morning or after 17.00, but if the spring turns out to be dry, then the soil on the site will have to be moistened daily both in the morning and in the evening. Especially strictly it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil after the appearance of the first true leaf in the seedlings. Only on condition that the soil in the beds with radishes will be in a slightly damp state all the time, you can grow juicy, tasty root crops.

Top dressing radish

On poor soils, radishes need to be fed twice during the growing season; for radishes growing on rich soils, one feeding is enough. Try not to overdo it with the nitrogen component, because in this case everything vitality radishes will spend on growing tops, and the roots will be elongated and oversaturated with nitrates.

How to fertilize radishes, what fertilizers can be applied to the soil without the risk of saturating root crops with substances hazardous to human health? Here is a recipe for a balanced mixture of fertilizers that will help the radish form a healthy and juicy root crop: compost and humus, in the amount necessary for your soil, 10 g of potash fertilizer and superphosphate, 10-15 g of saltpeter, one and a half liters of ash. IN fertile soil it is enough to apply only mineral fertilizers.

Pests and diseases of radish

The main enemies of radish are the cruciferous flea and the bear, the rest of the garden pests (aphids, wireworms, caterpillars) do not have time to greatly harm the radish due to its rapid growth. The cruciferous flea is dangerous for radishes precisely at an early stage of its development, since it is capable of destroying defenseless seedlings that have barely hatched throughout the entire area in a few days. When the seedlings get stronger, the flea is no longer afraid of them.

How to process radishes so that the cruciferous flea does not annoy him? To scare away the insect from young green leaves, the tops are sprayed with a solution of wood ash: 2 cups of fresh ash and 50 g of grated laundry soap dissolved in 10 liters of water. You can simply scatter the ashes over the area. It must be said that both of these methods are ineffective, and the most reliable protection from a flea - the construction of a shelter: metal arcuate supports are installed along the length of the entire bed, on which a spunbond is thrown. Under this shelter, the radish breathes normally, the tops do not burn under the scorching rays of the sun, and most importantly, the harmful insect cruciferous flea does not penetrate under the spunbond, destroying radish crops. After the tops grow, the shelter can be removed.

Medvedka more often it harms early varieties of radish in a greenhouse, where it crawls in the spring to bask. If you grow radishes in the open field, then this terrible enemy is unlikely to have time to cause great damage to your crop. And it is very difficult to fight with a bear.

What's wrong with radishes? Of the diseases, bacteriosis is dangerous for radish, manifested by premature yellowing of the leaves, mucus and rotting of root crops, keel, also determined primarily by yellow leaves, as well as by growths and swellings on root crops, and a black leg that affects plants even at the seedling stage, which is why their leaves turn yellow and curl and the stems turn black at the base.

To avoid these problems, choose varieties that are resistant to diseases for growing, and follow the conditions of agricultural technology, and most importantly, remove diseased plants from the site in time. Kila can be fought by cultivating the soil around the plants with milk of lime (2 cups of fluffy lime per 10 liters of water), consumption - 1 liter of milk per plant. Instances affected by the black leg are treated 2-3 times at weekly intervals with infusion onion peel(Pour 20 g of husk with a liter of water and leave for a day).

Radish processing

Readers often ask questions about how to treat radishes for pests or how to treat radishes for diseases. It is undesirable to use pesticides in the fight against diseases and pests of rapidly ripening root crops if you are concerned about your health and the health of those who will eat this radish, so the most best protection- this is the observance of all the rules of cultivation and care.

If the recommendations described by us did not give a result, and it is necessary to take emergency radical measures, then you will have to process the radish from the black leg with a solution blue vitriol(1 tablespoon of the drug, 50 g of laundry soap chips per 10 liters of water), and treat bacteriosis by treating plants with a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture.

But we repeat: everything you process the radish with, you will then eat.

Harvesting and storing radishes

Radishes do not ripen at the same time, so we answer the question of when to dig up radishes: you need to remove it selectively, as it ripens. Harvesting radishes is best done in the morning, watering the beds abundantly the night before. Pulling out the root crops, shake off the remnants of the soil from them, cut the tops not under the very root crop, but at a distance of 2-3 cm from it, and do not cut the roots at all. How much and how to store radishes?

From long-term storage even in the most best conditions radish becomes bitter and flabby, so give up plans to harvest this root crop, such as carrots or beets, especially since fresh juicy radishes can be grown at any time - not in the garden, but in the greenhouse. The harvest of radish harvested in the described way is stored in plastic bags in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator for about a week.

Types and varieties of radish

Varieties of radish for open ground according to the ripening time are divided into super-early, early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening.

Ultra-early, or early ripening radish varieties

ripen in 18-20 days. The most famous of them:

• 18 days- the root crops of this variety reach maturity precisely during this period, they have a juicy, tender pulp, a cylindrical shape, a rich pink color;
• firstborn- ultra-early high-yielding hybrid, ripening in 16-18 days. Large, rounded dark red roots of this variety are resistant to bolting and cracking, their flesh is sweet and juicy.

Early maturing varieties of radish

ripen in 20-30 days from the moment of emergence of shoots, the best of them include:

• Ilka- the yield of this variety is quite high, the roots are scarlet, round, weighing from 15 to 25 g, dense, juicy, the flesh is white and white-pink, the taste is medium-sharp, without bitterness. The grade possesses resistance to temperature decrease, arrowing, formation of porosity or woodiness of pulp;
• French Breakfast- also a popular high-yielding variety with long, cylindrical, dark red fruits that are resistant to bolting, weighing up to 45 g, with a rounded white tip. The pulp is juicy, without bitterness. Disadvantage: shoots in strong heat;
• saxa- this variety ripens in 23-27 days, the shape of the root crop is round, the color is bright red, the flesh is white, juicy, with a slightly spicy taste. Average weight root crop 22 g. The variety is resistant to flowering, retains freshness for a long time;
• White Fang- conical root crops of this variety, original for white radishes, ripen in 33-40 days, reaching a length of 12 cm and gaining weight up to 60 g. The pulp is juicy, the taste is slightly spicy;
• Heat – high yielding variety ripening in three weeks. Root crops are small, dark red, rounded, weighing up to 25 g. The flesh is white or white-pink, the taste is slightly spicy. The variety, despite the name, does not like heat, so when grown in hot weather, it should be covered with a canopy.

Mid-season radish

matures in 30-35 days. The best varieties this group are:

• Vera- resistant to stalk, productive variety with bright red roots of almost the same size, resistant to cracking;
• Helios- variety with yellow round roots with juicy pulp of pleasant taste;
• Quantum- a productive variety ripening in 30 days with pinkish-raspberry roots of a delicate taste. During storage, it retains elasticity for a long time;
• Zlata- ripens a maximum of 35 days from the moment of emergence of seedlings. Yellow round root crop with dense, tender and juicy pulp reaches 18 g in weight;
• Duro- one of the most popular and productive varieties with very large (up to 10 cm in diameter), round red roots weighing up to 40 g, which requires more spacious planting in the rows: the distance between specimens should be at least 10 cm. The variety is resistant to stemming, woodiness and cracking of fruits, it is well stored.

To late-ripening varieties of radish

which need 36-45 days to ripen, include:

• Red giant- a productive variety with large cylindrical bright red fruits up to 14 cm long with juicy white-pink pulp and a slightly spicy taste. Resistant to cruciferous flea and medvedka, perfectly stored: in a container with sand it can be kept fresh for up to 4 months;
• ice icicle- a variety almost identical to the Red Giant, but only with white roots;
• Champion- This high-yielding variety ripens in 40 days. Its roots are raspberry-red, large, elongated-round, weighing up to 20 g, the flesh is juicy, tender, but dense, pinkish-white in color, taste qualities good ones. Root crops do not form voids, do not become flabby and soft for a long time;
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The ideal harvest of radishes in the open field

One of the earliest vegetable crops grown outdoors is the radish. Its crop can be harvested several times a season, as radishes are cultivated very quickly.

Varieties of radish for planting in open ground

According to the maturation period, early, medium early and late varieties radish. The period from planting to harvesting is 16-20 days for the first, 35-40 days for the second, and 35-53 days for the third, respectively.

Early ones include:

• French breakfast;
• early red;
• eighteen days;
• Corundum.

Mid-season varieties:

• Helios;
• watermelon radish;
• Slavia;
• Saks;
• Viola.

Late varieties:

• Rampoush;
• Red giant;
• Würzburg.

Depending on the variety, root crops can have not only red, but also white (Tashkent white, Virov white), yellow (helios), purple (viola). In addition to the traditional round, some varieties have an elongated shape, like a radish (for example, rampoush)

When to sow radishes outdoors

Planting radishes in open ground can begin in April, when the soil warms up enough. For different regions of Russia, the timing of sowing radishes in the spring can be completely different, and depend on climatic conditions.

Optimum temperature soil for sowing radish - from 15 degrees Celsius. In case of frosts, cover for young shoots should be used.

Planting dates for radishes:

• Early ripe varieties: first decade of April
• Early varieties: end of May - beginning of June.
• Mid-season: early July
• Late ripening: end of August - beginning of September.

How many times to plant radishes per season

The timing of planting radishes in the summer may vary depending on the variety, the timing of its collection and ripening. The harvest of this vegetable can be harvested four times per season, but you cannot plant radishes twice in one bed.

• The first sowing is carried out in April, taking into account auspicious days months to lunar calendar;
• Planting radishes in June, at the beginning of the month, is already done in seedlings. For the second sowing, medium-early varieties are used, sown 35 days before transplanting into the ground, that is, May 25-30.
• Planting radishes in July, at the end of the month, is an opportunity for a summer resident to get a root crop for the third time. The seedling method is also used and mid-early varieties are chosen for sowing seedlings at the end of June (25-30 numbers).
• For the fourth time, the culture is sown in late August - early September. They do this already in closed greenhouses, and in northern regions countries - in heated ones.

Planting radishes in open ground

Sowing radishes with seeds is a simple procedure, and usually does not cause difficulties. But first it is important to choose high-quality seeds and prepare the soil in order to get an excellent harvest.

Pre-sowing preparation of radish seeds

You should buy seeds in specialized stores. First, they are sorted, sorted by size. Usually, seeds with a length of 3 mm or more are selected for planting - this is a guarantee of good germination and the development of large root crops.

Before planting, the seeds are kept for a day in a damp cloth or water so that they germinate. Immediately before sowing, they are soaked for 20 minutes in hot water to prevent the development of dry rot.

It is recommended to soak the seeds for 5 minutes in a 1% iodine solution, and then roll them out in crushed chalk or lime. Such a "masquerade" is needed, because they plant a radish seed one grain at a time, and White color clearly visible on the black ground.

Preparing the soil for planting

Growing radishes outdoors requires right choice places and soil for planting. Radishes do well in loose soils. the best site for it is considered loam, which holds water well, and does not dry out instantly.

sandy soils also suitable for radishes, but the culture should be watered more often, as the sand absorbs water faster. The plant loves the sun, so it is better for him to choose sunny areas.

Before planting seeds, fertilizers are applied to the ground. It is optimal if it is compost or ash at the rate of a bucket of top dressing per square meter of land.

Crop rotation rules for radishes

Radishes cannot be grown where cruciferous crops grew - cabbage, turnip, daikon, radish, turnip, horseradish. A cruciferous flea can settle in such a site, and with a high probability will destroy all crops.

Early potatoes, legumes, cucumbers, and tomatoes are considered good predecessors for radishes. Ideally, if the planting of radishes is protected from all sides by garlic, dill, onions - such plants have a specific aroma that will repel pests.

Sowing radish

For sowing in the allotted area, small grooves are made a centimeter deep, they are moistened and the radish is planted.

Seeds are planted one at a time, at a distance of 5-10 cm. If you sow radishes thicker, there will be little room for root crops to grow, and seedlings will shade each other.

After sowing, the beds are lightly covered with earth, watered abundantly and fertilized with ash.

Growing and caring for radishes

Radishes will hatch within a few days after planting. After germination, the culture is fed potash fertilizers by following the instructions. Caring for radishes is simple: it is primarily watering, loosening, thinning and top dressing.

• Radishes are watered 2-3 times a week, 20-25 liters of water per 10 square meters.

• If the land is not sufficiently prepared in advance (seedlings wither), when watering, it is fed with ammonium nitrate (10-15 grams per 10 square meters).

• Mulch radishes better humus, you can use peat, compost, paper, dark film. Mulching helps retain moisture, which is very fond of radishes.

• Thinning is carried out 5 days after germination, removing the smallest ones. Water the crop as needed, carefully loosening the soil after each watering.

Problems when growing radishes

• If the roots became slimy and the smell of rot began to emanate from them, it means that the radish was struck by bacteriosis. Treatment with 1% Bordeaux mixture will help eliminate this problem.
• With the formation of growths and swellings, yellowing and wilting of foliage, treatment should be started from fungal disease- keels. Milk of lime, which is poured over the soil around infected plants, will help. One plant will need a liter of such a product.
• Symptoms of the black leg are yellowness and twisting of the leaves, darkening of the stem at the root crop. Affected plants are treated with a solution of copper sulfate and laundry soap.

The main pests of radish and their control

A lot of trouble for radish beds is caused by pests, especially the cruciferous flea, which eats holes in the radish tops. If there is a lot of damage, the greens begin to wither, and the root crop itself does not gain the desired mass and stops growing. The pest is especially dangerous for tender seedlings of radish.

• To protect plants, they are treated with ash. For ten liters of water, add two glasses of fresh ash and fifty grams of laundry soap.
• The second effective way is to treat the leaves with tobacco dust (in the same proportions as ash).

• The most effective method of control is insecticide treatment, in particular Inta-Vir.

Belyanka is a dangerous pest of radish. The caterpillars of this butterfly eat the green tops of the crop. To protect the beds, they are treated with a solution of ground pepper, salt and mustard.

When growing radishes in the summer, in hot weather, it is necessary to take measures to protect against the bear. She does not often feed on radishes, but can get into the garden and damage the crop.

The radish root often damages the wireworm (large holes) and the nematode (rotted base of the roots, small holes in the radish with signs of decay).

• To protect against wireworms, the soil is fertilized with ammonium sulfate - two tablespoons of fertilizer per square meter. Such top dressing will saturate the soil with nitrogen, and destroy the pest larvae.
• To combat the nematode, Fitoverm is effective. This powder is safe for humans. It infects the larvae of root-knot nematodes, which soon die of starvation.
• In the fight against the nematode, steaming the soil is also used (watering with hot water from 60 degrees, consumption of a liter per square meter), and its disinfection with preparations based on chitosan - Aldikabr, Vidata.

Outcome

Growing radishes in open ground is possible throughout the entire holiday season. Even a novice gardener will cope with the simple rules for caring for this crop, if you sow radishes on the beds in time and provide him with ideal conditions for growth.

In early spring when the preparation of beds for most garden crops is still far away, experienced gardeners don't waste time. In between harvesting the plot, they sow radishes. The root crop, planting and caring for which in the open field is extremely simple, ripens quickly, bringing the first vitamin crop in 20-25 days. You can grow it all year round: until autumn - in the country, and with the onset of cold weather - in a greenhouse or even in an apartment on a windowsill.

Soil Requirements

Radishes are demanding on the structure and degree of soil moisture. Large root crops of an ideally even shape can be obtained on loose loams that hold water well and contain a lot of humus. Suitable for growing crops and sandy loamy soils. But the beds arranged on them will have to be watered more often. Radishes also develop well on cultivated peat bogs. And in areas with heavy clay, rocky or poor sandy soil, hopes for a rich harvest will not come true.

Planting radishes will be successful if you allocate the warmest and sunniest place for it in the garden. This is especially important for plants in the spring, when it gets dark early. The lack of light will negatively affect the quality of the crop: the roots will ripen small.

It is better to make beds for radishes in the place where they grew last season:

• tomatoes;
• potato;
• cucumbers;
• legume crops.

Correctly allocate for them a site between onions, garlic and dill. Then plantings do not have to be protected from pests. The smell of these plants will scare them away.

It is not worth the risk of sowing radishes in the soil vacated after his family relatives:

• turnips;
• daikon;
• turnip;
• horseradish;
• radish;
• all types of cabbage.

The likelihood that here his seedlings will suffer from cruciferous flea, very high.

Site preparation

In order for the harvest to please, you need to plant radishes in well-fertilized soil. You can use mineral compounds or organic matter, but it must be rotted. When fresh manure is applied to the beds, the root crops turn out to be ugly, and their taste leaves much to be desired. Plant a culture in this place without fear unpleasant consequences, it will be possible only in a year.

Nitrogen and potassium are the most important for radishes. There should be a lot of them in the soil, otherwise its leaves will acquire a pink-raspberry color, and tails will form instead of fruits. It is better to prepare a plot for growing radishes in advance - six months before sowing. It is dug deep and carefully leveled, breaking up lumps. For 1 m² of the surface of the beds, 1 bucket of compost or rotted manure is introduced. From mineral fertilizers, it is better to use superphosphate (40 g) and potassium chloride (15 g).

Although radishes are quite “gluttonous”, you should not overdo it with the introduction of nutritional compounds. With their excess in the soil, voids form inside the root crops, and they themselves become more vulnerable to rot.

It is recommended to plant radishes in soil with a neutral reaction. If its acidity is increased, the plants can be affected by keel. To keep safe future harvest, professionals advise increasing the dosage of fertilizers - up to 1.5 buckets of compost per 1 m² of beds.

When to plant radishes outdoors

They start sowing radishes, once the soil warms up to a depth of 3-4 cm. In the southern regions, it can be carried out as early as March. Summer residents whose plots are located in middle lane and north, will have to wait until April. Seeds give friendly seedlings at a temperature of + 15˚C. If the threat of frost is still strong, the bed with crops should be covered.

Planting dates also depend on the variety chosen. Seeds of early ripening radish are placed in the ground in early April. For early varieties of culture, sowing will be optimal from late May to early June. It is better to plant mid-season radishes in July, and late varieties closer to autumn (in the last decade of August and the first decade of September). If you choose the right seeds, you can enjoy juicy root crops grown in the garden 4 times a season.

The beds for each crop are made in a new place. For the second and third time, the cultivation of radish on the site is carried out through seedlings. To obtain it, seeds of medium-early varieties are sown 35 days before being placed on the beds:

• at the end of May, if you plan to harvest a second crop;
• at the end of June, to give the root crops the opportunity to ripen for the third time.

For the fourth time, radishes are planted with seeds in a greenhouse. In regions with warm autumn, it can be made of polycarbonate. In the north, the crop brings its last crop in heated greenhouses. Planting dates are determined by the botanical characteristics of the plant. In conditions of long daylight hours (more than 13 hours), the radish begins to shoot. All the forces of the plant go to the ripening of seeds, but it does not form root crops.

The easiest way to plant radishes is by spreading their seeds on the surface of the soil when the snow comes off, and sprinkling them on top with rotted compost. But it will be possible to carry out such sowing only if the garden bed is prepared in the fall. Growing radishes in a greenhouse allows you to get a crop much earlier - in early spring. The culture is cold-resistant: in protected ground, its seeds sprout already at + 4˚C. They have been sown in an unheated polycarbonate greenhouse in the gardens of the middle lane since the end of February.

seed processing

You can sow radish seeds in open ground without preparation. Some summer residents prefer to soak them before planting. If you keep them in a damp cloth or gauze for 1 to 4 days, they will rise more amicably and quickly. Growing radishes in a greenhouse involves the use of selected seeds. In this case, it is better to calibrate. For it, you need a fine (mesh diameter - 2 mm) sieve. Small seeds are discarded, and the remaining ones are planted in it. You can select material for sowing manually. The larger the seed, the more powerful the plant will turn out, which means that the root crop will be larger.

The next step is disinfection. The seeds selected for sowing are kept for 30 minutes in a strong solution of potassium permanganate. This measure improves their germination and prevents the development of fungal diseases. Another option is to soak the seeds in hot water for 20 minutes. This will protect the plants from dry rot. Heat treatment is carried out immediately before sowing.

The secrets of professional planting of radish lie in the marking of its seeds. After keeping them in a solution of iodine (1%) for 5 minutes, they are sprinkled with chalk or lime. White seeds are clearly visible on the ground, and it will be easier to evenly distribute them in the garden.

You can plant radishes at the right interval in a different way. Seeds are glued with a paste to a strip of toilet paper. Then it is placed in a groove and sprinkled with soil.

Seeding scheme

Summer residents practice different ways sowing radish:

• ribbons;
• rows;
• stripes;
• in bulk.

Planting care will be easier and the root crops will be larger if you use a marker. It can be made from wooden blocks by drilling holes in them at the right distance and combining them into a rectangular structure. But there is a less time-consuming way - to take the usual egg trays from cardboard. Having prepared the bed, a marker is applied to its surface and pressed into the soil. 1 seed is placed in each recess.

The optimal width of the beds for radishes is 1-1.5 m. 40-50 cm recede from the crops growing in the neighborhood. If radishes are sown in rows, 15 cm of free space is left between the furrows. In a greenhouse, this distance can be halved. Between seeds, an interval of 2-5 cm is observed, depending on the variety. The depth of planting is determined by the type of soil in the garden. The heavier the soil, the less radishes are sprinkled. If the earth is clay, it is enough to cover the seeds with a 1.5-2 cm layer of soil. On sandy soils, they are buried by 2-2.5 cm. When growing crops in polycarbonate greenhouses, seeds are sprinkled with a thin (1 cm) layer of earth.

They finish planting radishes with abundant watering of the beds and its mulching. Suitable for this:

• humus;
• peat;
• compost;
• paper.

Features of autumn and winter planting

Planting radishes before winter is different from spring-summer crops. The secrets of its success in the use of unsprouted seeds and their slight penetration into the ground. Having placed them in small (about 1 cm) furrows, and sprinkled with earth, the beds are mulched with peat or humus. The thickness of their layer should be 2-3 cm. During autumn sowing, the plantings are not watered. If they start growing, hopes for an early harvest will have to be abandoned.

It is important to choose the right site. It must meet several requirements:

• be level or slightly inclined to the south or southeast;
• have light soil containing a lot of sand;
• do not flood in the spring.

Sowing furrows are prepared towards the end of October. Seeds are placed in them when frosts begin. Usually this is the second or third week of November.

You can plant radishes in the garden in winter. Then shoots will appear early, and the crop will ripen 2 weeks faster than with April sowing. Furrows for winter planting must be cut in advance (in October). They should be deep - 4-5 cm. Before sowing, they are freed from snow and seeds are placed in them, which are covered with a 2-centimeter layer of peat or compost from above.

After landing

Radish, which is one of the easiest activities for any gardener, sprouts quickly - in 3-4 days. When the first shoots appear from the soil, the crops are fed with compounds with a high potassium content. Bred them according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Further care for crops consists in standard activities:

• watering;
• loosening;
• thinning;
• top dressing.

Radishes need a lot of water, especially at the first stages of seedling development and at the stage of root crops filling. Therefore, frequent watering is indispensable. Before germination, moisten the plantings daily. In dry weather, such care is carried out every other day, and in the heat, you can water the beds with radishes in the morning and evening. The soil must be constantly moist, otherwise the taste of root crops will deteriorate, they will become bitter and lethargic. Their sizes will also decrease. In combination with high temperatures, the lack of water provokes the flowering of radishes. It is important that the soil is evenly moistened, otherwise the root crops will crack.

If fertilizers were not applied during the preparation of the beds or there were few of them and the plants began to wither, watering is combined with top dressing. For it, ammonium nitrate is used. After each moistening, the soil on the beds with radishes is loosened. They also monitor the cleanliness of plantings, timely removing weeds.

Too frequent seedlings will have to be thinned out. The procedure is carried out on the 5th day after their appearance, leaving the most powerful plants on the beds. For normal ripening of root crops, seedlings should be located at a distance of 5 cm from each other. If markers (egg trays) or paper with seeds glued at the right interval were used during planting, thinning care is not needed. Professionals prefer to do without it, because when pulling, the roots of plants remaining in the garden can be injured.


Radish is a longtime favorite of summer residents. It is unpretentious, early ripening, useful and tasty. While the rest of the garden crops are still at the seedling stage, its juicy root crops already provide the family with the first spring vitamins. The advantage of culture is that planting and caring for it is within the power of even a child.

The right choice of variety, adherence to sowing dates and minimal attention to the beds - all that is needed for successful cultivation radish. There is a place for him on any, even the most small plot. Experienced gardeners sow it between other crops: potatoes, cabbage, carrots, young strawberries. When they grow, juicy root crops will already be harvested.

Radish is one of the popular spring vegetables. Its value is due to unpretentiousness, ease of care, early maturity, the possibility of early planting in open ground, usefulness and taste characteristics. While other vegetable crops are at the seedling stage, its juicy root crops already supply the human body with useful substances, making it possible to make up for the deficiency of vitamins after a long winter.

Optimal timing for planting vegetables

Outdoor planting of radishes occurs earlier than other vegetable crops due to its ability to withstand the cold and even endure night frosts with ease. You can start sowing as early as late March or early April. To speed up the germination process, crops must be covered using film material. Early ripe varieties of radishes allow you to harvest the first crop within three to four weeks after germination.

The period of planting radishes in the summer varies depending on the variety, the time of its collection and ripening.

Early varieties should be planted in early June, and mid-season varieties in July, only when applied seedling method. You can also sow late-ripening varieties in open ground at the end of August or September.
And courageous gardeners sow vegetables before winter before the onset of the first frosts. Podzimny sowing allows you to get a crop earlier than any early variety planted in spring.

Preparation for work on sowing radishes

radish seeds for planting

Planting a radish is a simple procedure. Common problems that can occur during the cultivation of a crop are friability of root crops, bitterness, and the formation of flower stalks before harvest. But all these difficulties are resolved by a competent choice of variety and observance of cultivation techniques. That's why to get a rich harvest, it is important to pre-select high-quality material for planting and prepare the soil.

Selection and preparation of seeds that we are going to plant

The best option is to buy seeds in specialty stores. First you need to sort through them, sorting by size. Seeds from 3 cm long are considered the key to friendly germination and development of the largest root crops. Before planting, soak the seeds in water or a damp cloth for 24 hours. And before sowing, soak for 20 minutes in hot water to protect against the development of various diseases. After warming up, cool, enrich them with useful trace elements by treating them with growth stimulants, and dry thoroughly.

Soil preparation in spring, we will ensure good early shoots

Soil preparation for planting

For the full growth and development of radishes, you need to prepare favorable soil. The culture prefers loose, nutritious, well-drained soil with an optimal acidity of 5.5-7.0.
When choosing a site, give preference to warm, protected from strong winds. It also matters how much sunlight per day falls on the landing site. In accordance with the norms of crop rotation, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, cucumbers and legumes are considered the best predecessors.

Growing a root crop for more than three years in the same place is not recommended, as the plant depletes the soil.

The ideal solution is to plant radishes every year in a new bed, which will help improve the garden's crop rotation.

The soil should be prepared in the fall. To do this, clear the site of plant residues, dig up and enrich with compost or humus. With the onset of spring, as soon as the earth thaws under the warm rays of the sun, before planting a vegetable, it must be dug up again, adding minerals.

Proper planting technology, planting at the correct depth

When sowing radishes, a shallow incorporation is preferable.

Growing radishes in open ground conditions provides for a well-performed planting, which includes the following operations:

1. Level the prepared bed, mark the grooves for sowing, keeping a distance of 10 cm between them. Acceptable embedment depth is 1 cm. Deep embedding of seeds will lead to a change in the shape of the roots.
2. Planting material is planted in the grooves, after watering them with hot water. Sow seeds at a distance of 5 cm between plants. It’s not worth it thicker, otherwise you will have to spend energy on seating them.
3. Sprinkle with soil and compact well to achieve maximum fit of the earth to the seed plane, which will speed up germination.
4. After sowing, water the beds and fertilize with wood ash.
   Under favorable weather conditions, seedlings will appear in 3-4 days.

Planting vegetables in egg cells

You can plant radishes in egg cells. This method has been tested and tested by many gardeners and is recognized as the best. As a result of this approach, the ripened radish has an even and neat shape. BUT thinning is not required during the standard care process.
For this you need:

Caring for a newly planted plant, watering regimen

Further care of crops includes the following activities:

Secrets of growing in the open field, thinning and top dressing

There are some secrets that allow you to grow high-quality root crops in open ground conditions.

Pests and their control

Diseases can reduce the quantity and quality of the crop and cause the death of radishes, and pests will take away the long-awaited crop, as they love to feast on young radishes.

Therefore, it is important to establish the first signs of the disease in time and take appropriate measures that will help the plant cope with them faster.

Name	Description	Control measures
quila	Presence on the surface of the fetus blisters and growths that become cause of yellowing and wilting leaves	Dig up the plant affected by clubroot and burn, and cover the soil with slaked lime. For 4 years, vegetable crops on do not cultivate in this area
powdery mildew	On the surface of leaves, petioles a white streak forms powdery color, which becomes lighter over time brown shade	Organization of crop rotation and processing plants with agents that suppress development of this disease
bacteriosis	Root crops are covered with mucus and begin to exude the smell of rot. In this case, yellowing is observed radish leaves	To fight, you need to process Bordeaux liquid
Pests
cruciferous flea	A small insect that has dark color and metallic shine damages the leaves, the disrupting the process photosynthesis. As a result, the plant stops growing and dies	For prevention, organize the right care. In case of damage, process the radish the relevant drugs. Before than to treat with insecticides, you need try gentle folk ways
Belyanka	White butterfly larvae eat leaves from the edges or gnaw out through holes, causing irreparable harm culture

Radishes affected by flea

Harvest, which managed to grow

Radishes should be harvested selectively as they ripen. When a medium-sized root crop is reached, you need to carefully pull it out by taking the tops and pulling it up, and you can serve it to the table. And leave the rest to grow to technical maturity.
Radishes are easy to harvest, it is important to do it in a timely manner. But even if you are late with the collection of this vegetable, then in this case you can get seeds for the next planting.

You can cultivate radishes in open ground throughout the summer season.

Even novice gardeners can handle simple rules planting and care. These rules differ, of course. Leningrad region, in the Urals or in Krasnodar. It is important to plant radishes in the garden in a timely manner and create comfortable conditions for it to grow.

How to plant radishes outdoors? The question seems to be one of the most common. After all, it’s easier than ever to pour the seeds into the beds, water them periodically, and then harvest them. So do many. True, it is difficult to call it a crop. What has grown is what they ate.

But I want a large, juicy radish. To be spicy, but without bitterness. And now and then you hear from acquaintances that you were not born, you went into the arrow, dry. Sometimes an incomprehensible root grows on its site instead of a beautiful root crop. And what to do?

It turns out that a whole treatise can be written about growing radishes. This unpretentious culture has some features. They must be taken into account. Understanding?

Landing dates

You can plant radishes outdoors all year round. Yes, yes, even in winter. True, it rises only when the temperature rises to + 7 ° C. But first things first. Consider each season.

Spring. As soon as a layer of snow of a couple of centimeters remains on the bed, they sprinkle it with ash or cover it with a black film (cloth, material). This will allow the soil to warm up enough. And you can plant. In the middle lane around the middle of March.

When the snow melts directly into the moist ground, radishes are sown in early April. Further, new landings are made every 12 days. Such a conveyor will allow you to eat root crops constantly.

May is the most suitable month for sowing radishes. The day is still too short, and the temperature allows you to do without additional shelters.

Summer. The planting season continues on a conveyor basis. The only rule is that from 19.00 to 7.00 the garden bed will have to be covered to block access sunlight fully. It can be a dense fabric on the arcs, cardboard box, black film. In a word, everything that is at hand. So do the whole of June and the first half of July. In August, this procedure is not necessary, because daylight hours are shortened.

Autumn. Late-ripening varieties are planted until mid-September. October is an exception. It is too warm for planting, and the radish will not ripen before the onset of frost. But at this time, you can prepare the beds and collect earth in bags or buckets to fill the winter beds. But November is the time for winter planting.

It is advisable to wait until the ground freezes at least to a depth of 5 cm. Otherwise, the seeds will germinate, they will be killed by frost.

Winter. Remember the beds prepared in October? The whole cold season you can remove snow from them. Then you need to sow a radish, cover it with prepared soil with a layer of no more than 5 cm. Throw snow back on top and wait for spring warming.

Such plantings germinate 3 weeks earlier than spring ones. Undoubtedly, this is a plus. After all, fresh vitamins are always appreciated when greens are just emerging in the garden.

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The soil

Over time, landing sorted out. Now let's talk about land. Radish loves… no, not any. To obtain large and even root crops, the earth must be loose, well fertilized. By the way, it is absolutely impossible to make manure under a radish! Root crops will be very large, dry and hollow.

It is better to add potassium. Ash for example. You can use any potassium-containing mineral fertilizer. Just look at the packaging so that there is no excess nitrogen. Otherwise, the radish will be clumsy and bitter.

Top dressing during the growing season is not needed if the land is well prepared. Naturally, crop rotation must be observed. Radish should not be planted after cruciferous, they have the same diseases and pests. For the same reason, white mustard is not sown under it as green manure.

They dig up the soil, harrow with a rake. Then the beds are drawn at a distance of 10 cm from each other. Depth 5-5.5 cm. The bottom of the groove can be powdered with ash or clean sand. It's just that the seeds of the radish are dark, otherwise they will be clearly visible.

Instead of drawing beds with improvised tools, it is better to make yourself a special marker. It is a plank on which pegs are stuffed according to a 5 by 5 cm pattern. These can be specially prepared twigs, teeth from a hay rake, sticks from an old crib.

Such a plank is pressed against the surface of the prepared beds and stepped on it with a foot. Then carefully pull out, holes are obtained. They are very convenient to lay out the seeds. And then you don't have to pull the seedlings.

Advice. Such a board will always come in handy in the household. Especially if you make the pegs removable or cook several different ones for sowing carrots, beets, radishes. For picking seedlings in a greenhouse - generally an indispensable thing.

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How to plant a radish

Most gardeners are accustomed to doing what? They drew a furrow, watered it. Then the seeds are poured ... like a sower of bonds in a famous work - handfuls, but thicker! Let's break it down later.

We consider this method to be an inappropriate waste of seed material. And quality is very expensive these days. Even old radish seeds sprout almost 99%. So why share? When pulling, there is a high risk of damaging the roots of other plants. Or you will be late for a few days, and they will immediately begin to stretch.

Some even plant radish seedlings. Why all these dances with picks and transplants that damage the root system? From germination to technical ripeness, super-early varieties take only 20 days. What to plant there? And when do root crops gain juiciness and mass, if you continually pick them out of the ground and shove them back? You don’t need any of this, after all, it’s not eggplant.

The correct procedure for a classic landing in mid-April (middle lane):

• They drew grooves in the prepared soil, about 6-6.5 cm deep.
• Thoroughly watered with clean water.
• They sprinkled the bottom with ash.
• Spread the seeds of radish at a distance of 5 cm.
• Sprinkled with a layer of loose dry soil 3-3.5 cm.
• Lightly pressed with the palm of your hand.

Why dry? Because sprinkling wet creates a thick crust on the surface. It is impossible to loosen, suddenly there are already shoots close. And the crust itself is an almost insurmountable barrier for young sprouts.

If everything is done correctly, then shoots will appear within 5-6 days. Some sources recommend germinating the seeds before sowing. Could be so. But in principle, there is enough moisture in the soil for normal swelling and germination.

If you started with germination, then first soak the seeds for 3 hours in a warm solution of any growth biostimulator. Not at hand? It doesn't matter, plain water is used. Next, the seeds are laid out on a damp cotton cloth or paper napkin. In a day they will begin to germinate, now you can plant. Just do not tighten, otherwise the roots will intertwine and there is a risk of breaking them.

By the way, it is enough to make row spacing no more than 10-11 cm. Someone will say, but how to chop? No way. During the vegetative season of the radish, the grass will not have time to grow. And what will rise is easy to pull out with your hands.

If you are too lazy to bother with laying out the seeds in the beds, then make ribbons for yourself. They are simply laid out on the bottom of wet beds and sprinkled with earth. Unlike classical method- at first wet and only then dry on top.

Where to get ribbons? Buy or make your own. To do this, take thin toilet paper. Using a paste and a toothpick, glue the seeds in rows at the right distance. Dry, cut into strips and store until sowing.

Some find it inconvenient to lay long ribbons. Or the rows are short drawn. And what prevents scissors from cutting them into short pieces? Or, instead of paper, take kitchen napkins. When soaked, they easily spread and do not block the path of sprouts. Plus they are short.

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Watering rules

Radishes begin to be watered only after the emergence of shoots. Otherwise, a film will form on the surface, which will interfere with the sprouts. Further, there are no strict recommendations for irrigation. There is no specific schedule.

Soak the soil daily until well moistened. In rainy weather, you can skip watering. In the heat, you can't. Radish likes to drink a lot. Do you want to receive beautiful harvest? Spare no liquids.

Features of autumn planting

There is an erroneous opinion that in autumn only late-ripening varieties of radishes are planted in the ground. Who made this rule? Today we will break the rules. And calmly plant ultra-early varieties. We take care of them in the same way as during the spring planting.

Try it, you will be pleasantly surprised. And you will look forward to next autumn to repeat the experiment. Indeed, often, root crops are much better and tastier than summer ones. This is due to the shortening of daylight hours and the absence of high temperatures. After all, root crops are best obtained at + 19-21 ° С.

The thermometer shows below - the plant is suspended in development. You can put arcs and cover with a film or nonwoven fabric. Root crops will have time to ripen. The only thing is that they are not stored in the cellar for as long as late-ripening varieties lie quietly. And with proper storage, you can enjoy your radishes even in January!

1. Instead of soaking, the seeds are placed in a cloth bag or simply wrapped in gauze. Then they drop it at a depth of about 19-21 cm. After 5 days, they take it out and plant it. They say that this method allows the seeds to absorb the moisture and vitality of the earth. We don't know about energy, but as a pre-germination method it is quite acceptable. True, a little dirty. But there are no real gardeners with clean hands and chic manicures.
2. In spring and winter, you can plant radishes in trunk circles trees. They will not yet have time to dissolve the foliage completely, and the crop will already ripen. So there will be no shading.
3. For the simultaneous collection of all root crops, you will have to calibrate the seeds. If the timing of harvesting is not critical, for example, not for sale, but only for yourself, then you can plant everything in a row. Because large ones germinate faster, respectively, and the root crop will ripen earlier. For calibration, use a colander or a sieve with large cells. You can also ask the kids and grandchildren to sort out, let them get used to work.
4. There are recommendations to sprinkle the beds after sowing with peat. We highly do not recommend doing this. Peat is a mulching material. It retains moisture well from the inside. But it also blocks the penetration of sunlight from outside. Put a layer a little more - and you will wait for seedlings for a very long time. Cover with too thin a layer - all the moisture will evaporate very quickly, it simply will not be enough for the seeds.
5. With early spring planting, simultaneously with sheltering with dark materials, it is advisable to treat the bed with em-preparations. Only no later than 5 days before sowing. Microorganisms will help the earth wake up and begin to work fruitfully for your benefit.

How to plant radishes outdoors? It turns out, by special technology. We have described many methods. You just need to choose the most suitable for you personally. Then there will be no trouble and you will get an excellent harvest.

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Video: early planting of radishes in open ground

The radish is a popular crop among gardeners. This vegetable is very useful for the body, as it contains many vitamins that have a positive effect on the cardiovascular system and significantly increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood. To collect a good juicy harvest, it is necessary to take into account some features of the root crop. Therefore, it is worth figuring out how to plant a radish in the spring and take care of it so that it does not go into the arrows and contains the maximum amount of useful substances.

Features of growing radishes

Radish is considered a cold-resistant crop, and therefore, for the cultivation of this root crop, you can not allocate a separate bed, but plant it earlier than other heat-loving plants, since by the time they are planted in open ground, the crop will already be harvested. This is provided that the vegetable is needed especially in the spring.

To keep the radish on the table throughout the season, it can be planted every 7-10 days, but except June. This is due to the fact that this culture during the period of short daylight hours (up to 10 hours) actively grows the root, which favorably affects the yield. And when the duration of daylight hours increases, the plant enters the phase of reproduction, which is expressed in arrowing. Therefore, when re-sowing radishes in the summer, it is necessary to take into account this feature, as well as select varieties of late ripening.

The main components of success in growing radishes are:

• selection of the optimal variety;
• compliance with the timing of the landing;
• selection of a suitable site, taking into account the characteristics of the radish;
• properly seeded;
• maintaining optimal level soil moisture;
• timely feeding;
• pest protection.

Given all these conditions, you can count on a good harvest of radishes without much difficulty.

Video: Radish Growing Tricks

The optimal time for sowing radishes in spring and summer

Even a beginner can successfully grow radishes, but initially it is necessary to correctly determine the optimal sowing time. It is possible to start early spring planting of radishes in open ground as early as March, without fear of freezing the seeds. However, the bed must be covered with a film or a small film greenhouse should be built, since the radish is able to start growing at temperatures from -1 to -2 degrees and withstand frosts down to -4 degrees.

+15 - +18 degrees is considered the optimal temperature for the full growth and development of a vegetable, and with an increase in these indicators, a rapid increase in tops occurs to the detriment of the formation of fruits.

Many gardeners believe that planting radishes should be carried out according to the lunar calendar.

Favorable days according to the lunar calendar, when radishes should be sown in open ground in 2018, are the following days:

• in March - 20-23;
• in April - 6-9, 19-20, 23-29;
• in May - 7-10, 19-24.

The following are considered unfavorable days for sowing radishes in 2018:

• in March - 1-3, 16, 30;
• in April - 15-17, 29-30;
• in May - 14-16, 28-30.

More accurate sowing dates for radishes, based on climatic features region, can be determined independently, taking into account air temperature:

• up to 10 degrees Celsius - seedlings will develop in slow mode, so they will appear within 10 - 14 days;
• in the range from 10 to 15 degrees - the seeds will germinate within 7 days;
• within 15 - 20 degrees - sprouts will appear within 3 days.

The first selective harvest of radishes can be harvested in 20-25 days. To maximize collection spring harvest, it is advisable to plant every 7 days until mid-May, since it is no longer recommended to plant radishes in June.

Summer sowing of radishes should be carried out from the beginning of July to the beginning of August. To avoid shooting with excess lighting, you should cover the crops with dark geotextiles in arcs in the afternoon.

Important! It is impossible to cover radish crops with a film in summer, since under the influence of sunlight under the shelter the temperature will rise significantly, which will lead to the death of seedlings.

Video: growing radishes all summer

How to plant radishes outdoors

To get a good harvest, it is necessary not only to correctly calculate the timing of sowing, but also to prepare the site for planting and seeds in advance. To do this, it is recommended to carry out a series of procedures, which will favorably affect the final result.

Preparing beds and soil for planting radishes

For early spring planting of radishes in open ground, experts recommend preparing a site for planting in the fall. And since all root crops respond well to organic matter, you should add rotted compost or humus at the rate of 1 bucket per meter of area and dig a shovel onto a bayonet.

Important! Do not bring fresh manure into the ground, as it releases carbon dioxide, which has a depressing effect on plants.

When clay soil it is necessary to add a little sand, as the radish prefers to grow on loose, light soils with a neutral or low level of acidity. In the spring, 2 weeks before planting, loosen the soil and add mineral fertilizers to it in the following proportion for each square meter of the bed:

• ammonium nitrate 10-15 g;
• superphosphate 20-25 g;
• potassium sulfide 15-20 g.

In the end, the site should be leveled to eliminate depressions and bumps.

For planting radishes, it is better to choose a place where the sun is in the early morning and until the middle of the day, and in evening time it goes into the shade.

Experts recommend planting radishes every year in a new place, which helps to improve crop rotation. But you can not plant a root crop after other cruciferous crops: watercress, cabbage, mustard, as they are prone to the same diseases.

Preparing radish seeds

Before sowing radishes, seed preparation should be carried out, which will help to significantly increase the percentage of germination. Initially, it is desirable to conduct a selection, excluding damaged and defective specimens.

In the future, in order to determine their viability, it is necessary:

• dip the seeds in a saline solution at the rate of 50 g of salt per 1 liter of water;
• stand for 2 minutes, stirring occasionally with a wooden stick;
• drain all the seeds that have floated to the surface;
• all specimens that have settled to the bottom must be washed under running water and dried, as they will be used for sowing.

Important! The better the selection of seeds at this stage, the better their germination will be.

To exclude damage to seedlings by a fungal disease, it is recommended to carry out disinfection radish seeds with potassium permanganate. For this you need:

• dissolve the crystals of the agent in water at the rate of 1 mg per 1 liter of water so that the solution acquires a bright pink hue;
• wrap the radish seeds in a gauze bag and dip into the mixture for 15 minutes;
• after the time has elapsed, rinse them in clean water and dry to a free-flowing state.

To stimulate the growth processes of seeds, you can carry out them panning, which will help strengthen the immune system and ensure the full development of plants in the future.

For this, planting material is soaked in "Epine"(2-3 drops per 1 liter of water) or in " Zircon"(0.025 ml per 100 ml of water) for 3 hours. After that, the seeds must be dried and sowed.

In the case of early spring planting of radishes in open ground (for example, at the end of March), it is recommended to carry out hardening seeds to increase their resistance to possible temperature changes. This procedure is carried out as follows:

• wrap up planting material and leave for 1 day at room temperature;
• then put it in the refrigerator for 4 hours;
• repeat the alternation of the contrast content until the seeds hatch;
• plant in moist soil.

Important! It is necessary to plant radish seeds in open ground immediately after the preparatory procedures, since the growth processes in them have already activated.

Direct landing technology

There are several ways to plant radishes in the garden, so each gardener can choose based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot and their personal preferences.

The most common method is planting radishes rows. To do this, you must follow certain rules, which will help you get a good harvest.

1. Make rows at a depth of 0.5-1 cm and with row spacing of 10 cm.
2. Water and let the moisture soak in.
3. Spread the seeds at a distance of 5 cm from each other.
4. Sprinkle the seeds with earth and compact so that there are no voids.

Seedlings will appear in 3-4 days. To speed up the ripening process of the crop, it is recommended daily from 5 pm cover a bed of radishes with cling film and take it off in the morning.

The second common method of planting radishes in open ground is suitable for gardeners who have a small household plot, but you need to place everything. Therefore, in this case, the landing is carried out one continuous sheet. And in order to place the seeds at the optimal distance from each other, use egg cassettes.

1. Level the surface of the bed.
2. Water it abundantly and wait until the moisture is absorbed.
3. Press the cassette to the ground so that the cells are clearly printed.
4. Spread the seeds one at a time into each hole.
5. Sprinkle the crops with earth and compact for better contact with the soil.

This method can be used after thorough cleaning of the beds from weeds, so in the future it will not be possible to remove them before harvesting.

Further care of the radish

Radish is a moisture-loving vegetable, and therefore, for its active growth and development, it is necessary that the soil be constantly moist. But at the same time, a certain balance should be maintained, since excess moisture leads to cracking, and lack of watering leads to the formation of small fruits.

The growing season of this vegetable is relatively short, and therefore, if fertilizers are applied to the soil before planting, nutrients will be quite enough for the full development of radishes.

But if this has not been done, it is recommended to fertilize the radish with organic fertilizers a week after germination: rotted mullein in a ratio of 1:10 or fermented chicken manure 1:20. And 10 days after that, it is necessary to use superphosphate 20 g and potassium sulfide 15 g per 10 liters of water.

Note! It is important not to overdo it with fertilizers, as their excess leads to increased growth of green mass and further bolting.

Throughout the entire period of radish growth, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil in order to improve the access of oxygen to the roots. Therefore, experts recommend shallow cultivation of row spacing after watering to prevent the formation of a crust on the soil. It is also necessary to remove weeds in a timely manner, which will prevent the full growth of root crops and take nutrients from the soil.

As the fruits ripen, selective harvesting should be carried out, which will enable neighboring plants to develop.

At the initial stage of growth, a red-colored flea causes serious damage to the radish, which is expressed in slow growth and deformation of seedlings. To prevent this, timely pollination of foliage with tobacco dust or wood ash should be carried out and crops should be covered with non-woven material, which will protect against pest attacks.

When to Harvest Radishes and How to Store

Harvesting radishes must be carried out, based on the size of the root crops, in 2-3 stages, that is, first the largest, and after a week or another, the rest. 2 hours before harvesting, water the garden bed, which will make it possible to pull out the radish without much difficulty. After that, it is recommended to clean the fruits from the tops and shorten the tip to prevent premature wilting.

Even an inexperienced gardener will be able to grow a good crop of radishes if he adheres to the above recommendations and simple rules care. And if you ignore them, you should not be surprised at the result, which may differ significantly from the desired one.

Video: planting radishes in open ground

Growing radishes outdoors

Radishes are the most early vegetable, which is grown everywhere from spring to autumn. It is he who, due to his cold resistance and precocity, first appears after the long winter months in our diet. The vegetable has a characteristic pungent taste due to the presence of mustard oils in the composition. It also contains a whole range of vitamins and minerals.

How radishes grow

This crop is most often cultivated in open ground. Radishes perfectly tolerate low positive temperatures, although indicators around + 15 ... + 18 ° C are considered optimal for its growth. In care, it is undemanding, and therefore any novice gardener can successfully cope with its cultivation.

Due to the short growing season, this vegetable can be harvested several times per season, starting in the earliest spring and ending in late autumn. Early varieties reach nutritional maturity within 3-4 weeks after planting. Many gardeners practice sowing radishes with a break of 7-10 days for a continuous harvest.

Radishes are most commonly grown outdoors.

Planting radishes in open ground

Early spring sowing is carried out after the snow melts and the soil warms up. When the air temperature is set above +1 ... + 2 ° C, the seeds are already able to sprout. However, the following must be taken into account:

• at values ​​less than +10°C, the seed germinates for quite a long time, sometimes up to 2–3 weeks;
• at temperatures from +10 to +15°C, the seeds are able to sprout in 7–8 days;
• if the average temperature fluctuates between +18 and +23°C, then shoots will appear on the 4th day.

Usually, sowing occurs in mid-April, although in the southern regions, radishes can be sown as early as mid or late March.

Soil preparation

The bed is settled in a well-lit area protected from the winds. You should not grow radishes in the place where representatives of the Cruciferous family used to grow, to which she herself belongs: turnips, radishes, cabbage, mustard, daikon. For better yields, it is recommended to alternate the planting site with plants from other families.

Radish is an excellent predecessor for other vegetable crops, such as tomatoes. He will prepare the soil and have time to give a harvest before planting tomato seedlings.

A plot for radishes should be prepared in the fall. Soft and loose earth with weak or neutral acidity is best suited for its landing. Heavy and poor soils will need to be fertilized with humus (2-3 kg per 1 m²). Clay soil can be dug up with the introduction of coarse sand and peat. The addition of various mineral complex fertilizers (superphosphate, potassium salt, etc.) will have a very good effect. They are added at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per 1 m². If the soil has hyperacidity, then it must be deoxidized using lime (fluff) or wood ash.

Before planting, the plot for radish needs to be dug up and leveled with a rake.

Radishes love soft soil, so the bed should be dug up and carefully leveled.

Seed preparation

Seed material must first be sorted out (calibrated) manually or through a sieve, selecting specimens of at least 2-3 mm in diameter. This will ensure better germination and a bountiful harvest.

For sowing, it is necessary to select large seeds

Selected seeds should be soaked so that they "wake up".

1. Wrap the seeds in a wet cloth and put on a saucer.
2. Put in a warm place, best of all - on a heating battery, so that there is constant heating. The temperature should be around 30°C.
3. Moisturize the fabric as it dries.
4. Once a day, unwrap the seeds and rinse them with warm water.

Awakened seeds germinate much earlier.

Sowing

After selection and awakening of seeds, they can be sown in the ground. The landing procedure takes place in a few simple steps.

1. Furrows are made on the bed with a depth of about 2–3 cm and at a distance of 15–20 cm from each other.
2. The grooves are well shed with water.
3. Then planting material is laid out in them with gaps between seeds of 2–3 cm.
4. The grooves are covered with earth and slightly compacted.
5. Mulch with a layer of peat or humus (about 2 cm).
6. The bed is covered with a film or any covering material until shoots appear. After it is removed.

Seeds are planted at a shallow depth

When planting seeds, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the soil. In heavier clay soils, they need to be planted at a shallower depth.

Video: sowing radishes in open ground

Outdoor radish care

The time of emergence of seedlings directly depends on weather conditions. If they are favorable, then the first leaves may appear as early as 4-5 days. Further care for seedlings consists in regular watering, loosening and thinning of plantings.

At favorable conditions radish germinates in 4-5 days

Watering radishes

The key to a good harvest of radishes is proper watering. This crop prefers soil moisture of at least 75–80%. The lack of moisture is reflected in the taste of root crops - they become too bitter. In addition, in conditions of excessive dryness, the plant increases its green mass and shoots without forming root crops. Excessive moisture, especially before ripening, threatens to crack or rot the fruit, and also spoils their structure - they become watery.

Radish loves a good watering

Radishes require daily watering in the evening or morning hours. During dry periods, it is necessary to moisten the plantings twice a day. Especially carefully you need to monitor the soil moisture immediately after the appearance of the first pair of leaves. The earth should always be slightly moist and in no case dry out.

seedling thinning

After the appearance of the first two leaves, seedlings must be thinned out, otherwise the fruits will not be able to fully form. The distance between plants should be at least 3–5 cm. If grown large-fruited variety, then you need to leave about 8–10 cm. The smallest and weakest shoots should be removed, leaving the strongest ones.

It is necessary to carry out thinning of radishes to obtain larger root crops