Pansies are called everyone's favorite decorative garden plant. Its progenitor is a medicinal herbaceous biennial, widespread in fields and meadows. Belongs to the Violet family. garden option is a hybrid with larger, expressive flowers. It is also known as tricolor violet or viola. Sometimes the Vittork violet is also called so. There is nothing surprising in the fact that all varieties of this plant are called pansies. They are united common feature– beautiful, unusual shape and color of flowers. Viola is suitable for decorating flower beds. It can be grown in planters and pots. This flower always and everywhere attracts attention; blooms long and profusely. Grow pansies from seeds is also not a problem.
We approach the choice of varieties responsibly!
There are a huge number of varieties and varieties. In addition, breeders continue to work. New bright and unusual options. To choose suitable variety, it is necessary to decide on the purpose of cultivation. If you plan to grow in pots or containers, Wittrock's Violet is the one for you. This hybrid has larger flowers and is better adapted to conditions. closed ground. For open ground, choose a viola. For those who want to get their own seed, it is better to refuse first-order hybrids (F1). Plants grown from varietal seeds, will produce more predictable offspring. Although hybrids have great decorative properties.
So, you have decided which variety suits you best. It's up to you to choose the color, size and shape. Violet flowers are based on white, yellow, blue and purple a. Plants differ in the shape and size of the flower, the size of the bush, the timing of flowering. The nature of the color may also change: some varieties have “lost” the spot, having received dashes and strokes of a darker color on the petals. Depending on the combination of these properties, the plants are divided into series. Among the most popular are: "Chalon Supreme", which is distinguished by corrugated petals, "Kats" with dark touches on a lighter base. The Fancy series is represented by varieties with huge flowers of bright red hues. There are many series that are constantly updated with new varieties.
Pansies at home: preparatory stage to landing
Viola is a biennial plant, but under certain conditions it can bloom in the first year. It all depends on the time of sowing the seeds. early seedling blooms in the same year, but tolerates wintering worse. Flowering takes a lot of energy from a young bush and inhibits the development of the root system. In this case, the beds are additionally insulated for the winter. From seeds sown later, strong plants prepared for cold weather are obtained; they bloom only after a year. Depending on the desired result, seeds are sown either in the middle of winter or in spring.
Planting pansies for seedlings requires preparation. So, for flowering in the same year, seeds begin to be sown at the end of February. Before planting, they must be well wetted with water and preferably disinfected. To do this, the seeds are poured onto gauze soaked in water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate, left for 24 hours. The use of potassium permanganate is preferable, as this will help protect the seeds from fungal attack. For planting use nutrient, but light earth with good breathability. Suitable leafy land with the addition of peat.
If peat is not at hand, vermiculite can be added as a baking powder. The use of black soil is allowed. Before use, it must be steamed for an hour. Then add peat in a ratio of 1:1. From ready-made substrates, a universal one is suitable.
Planting pansy seeds
The very planting of pansies with seeds does not require much time compared to preparatory work. Seeds are sown in shallow containers (cups) at a short distance from each other. From above they are covered with a layer of substrate of 0.5 - 1 cm. The earth is slightly crushed.
What do pansies love? seedling care
Germination should take place in a greenhouse. To do this, the containers are covered with glass or film. Until the first shoots appear, they are kept in a shaded place at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Greenhouses are ventilated every day, opening for several hours. The soil is moistened if necessary. It is important not to get carried away, as the seeds will die when waterlogged. Sprouts appear in two weeks. They are transferred to a sunny place, the temperature is lowered to 15 degrees. You can put it on the windowsill (the window should face south). Glass or film is not immediately removed. Seedlings need to be accustomed to the open air gradually.
A week later, the viola begins to be fed, and this procedure is repeated weekly until landing in open ground. Use nitrogen or potassium fertilizers. From complex fertilizers with a low content of phosphorus are suitable. Seedlings dive after a pair of true leaves grow. For picking use containers of small diameter. At this stage, it is important not to raise the temperature. First, so as not to disturb the bookmarking process flower buds. Secondly, in the heat, the seedlings wither and are affected by various fungal diseases. Water carefully, without waterlogging the earthy coma.
How to grow pansies? Planting and growing in open field
Planting pansies in open ground is carried out at the end of May. Seedlings must be hardened off before planting. She is taken out into the street for half an hour, gradually increasing the time spent in the air. Beds for pansies are prepared in advance. They are carefully weeded, loosened and fertilized (phosphorus or potash). Bushes are planted at a distance of 20 cm. After transplantation, they bloom quite quickly.
For viola better fit sunny place. She prefers nutritious land, grows well in loam. Grows worse on sandy soils. In this case, sod land or black soil is added. The plant is quite demanding on watering, especially on hot days.
Drying out the soil will stop flowering. tricolor violet very sensitive to mineral deficiencies. In open ground, they continue to feed it with the same fertilizers 2 times a month. Seeds can be planted directly in open ground. Better to do it in July. Preparation for sowing is the same as when growing in containers. Until the first shoots, the ground can be covered with a film.
Pansies - a plant that should be grown in summer cottages and household plots. It is beautiful and unpretentious, and working with it will give you a lot of pleasure. The reward for hard work will be continuous flowering.
Growing pansies from seeds is one way that you can use to please the flower lover.
These unpretentious, simple, but very beautiful flowers- annual, biennial or perennial plants. Based on how the gardener decides to grow them, the sowing time will differ. Growing pansies is not a difficult process, but it requires attention.
There are 2 options for growing pansies from seeds:
- in open ground;
- at home.
Learn more about how to do it outdoors. The peculiarity lies in the fact that there will be no flowering in the year of planting. Such planting of seeds means abundant flowering next year, as the flowers will get stronger and will have a reserve of strength for the whole year. Planting is done in June-July in a nursery - a bed with pre-prepared land. After that, the seedlings are transplanted with a pinch of the central root, in other words, dive. This contributes to better root formation. When the sprouts acquire several leaves, they are transplanted to permanent place pansies, growing from seeds at home is the next step.
For this you need:
- container or box for seedlings;
- fertile substrate;
- pansy seeds;
- glass or plastic bag.
Sowing should begin in February-March. The container or box should have a small number of air filtration holes. A fertile substrate is poured inside, in which it is necessary to make shallow furrows. Seeds are laid out and evenly distributed in these furrows. From above they should be covered with a slightly damp substrate. Seedlings will appear within a week and a half.
As in the first cultivation option, a plant can be transplanted only after it has leaves. All this time, the box or container should be closed with glass or a plastic bag and kept in a dark place. It is necessary to periodically ventilate the plant and moisten the soil. 7-10 days before planting, the plant should be taken out to open sunlight. This will serve as a hardening period. However, if the air temperature does not exceed 10 ° C, then you should still wait.
Sprouts are planted at a distance of 15-25 cm from each other, as they grow very strongly. After that, the soil is crushed and moistened.
They can be watered no more than 3 times a week in wet weather, and daily in drought. Fertilize pansies with complex mineral fertilizers before flowering and in the process. Fresh manure is contraindicated for these plants. To maintain long flowering, dry leaves and buds that have faded should be removed. Weeding and clearing of weeds, of course, will only benefit.
Pansies: history, types, care (video)
About the plant
Many gardeners support the cultivation of pansies, because the tenderness of these flowers is hard to miss. The international name for the flower in Latin is Viola (Viola).
The two most popular species are Violet tricolor and Violet Wittrock. The difference between these species lies in the shape of the flowers. So Wittrock Violet has large flowers, and Violet tricolor is smaller, as it belongs to small-flowered herbaceous plants. In addition to the already listed names of these colors, there are a lot of names among the people:
- Ivan da Marya;
- brothers;
- half-flower;
- tricolor and others.
Pansies have more than 400 species and a huge number of varieties.
The color scheme of this flower is amazing. Various shades of blue, red, yellow, orange, purple, blue and even black. Often, huge flower beds are made from pansies, using different colors, which makes it seem that gardeners have painted a picture with them.
People around the world grow this flower. It is often used as decoration for balconies and windows. Houses with such decor look amazing, it immediately seems that a fairy tale lives behind these doors. There was a belief that pansies have magical properties. If you put a few drops of plant juice on the eyes of a sleeping person, then he will be in love with the first person he sees after sleeping. Also, this flower symbolizes reflection and the power of thought. “All thoughts are dedicated to you” - this flower has about this meaning.
Viola cultivation (video)
Gallery: pansies (15 photos)
As soon as this flower is not called. Moth, tricolor, scrofula, Ivan da Marya, viola - the list of "names" is quite extensive. This is largely due to the fact that, according to the variety of varieties, color scheme it is difficult to find equal petals for pansies. And since they do not belong to the category of sissies, it will not be difficult to breed them on the site. Of course, if you know some of the nuances of planting pansies in open ground and caring for this flower.
The classification of pansies is complex (there are about 300-15 groups of varieties alone), and they all differ in bush height, bud size, color, petal edge configuration, and a number of other features. Since we are talking about planting and growing in open ground, it must be taken into account that not all representatives of this plant have the same endurance.
Experts recommend for placement in flowerbeds (lawns, alpine slides, and so on, that is, in the open air) to focus on specimens that give small flowers. They are more adapted to such vagaries of the weather as changes in humidity and temperature. In addition, they adapt better in regions characterized by a cold climate. For us, this is especially true.
It is advisable to consult with an experienced person before choosing a variety of pansies for planting in your area. It is quite difficult to take into account all the local features on your own. Definitely - competent, competent advice will not be superfluous.
Recommendation - if there is no experience in growing pansies, then you should first of all pay attention to the Wittrock and tricolor varieties of violets. They feel great on sites in almost all of our regions (that is, they are well adapted to both the climate and the characteristics of the soil).
When determining them, the following factors are taken into account:
- climate features. First of all, it depends on this when it is possible to plant seeds (or seedlings) of pansies on a plot (into the soil);
- a variety of viola (one- or two-year-old);
- as it will be - seedlings or seeds.
What to focus on? The period between the placement of seeds in the ground and the flowering of pansies is on average 80-90 days.
- If pansies are planned to be grown in a 2-year-old form, then planting is done directly on the site, with seeds. As a rule, this is done in the second half of summer (in July - early August). Already in the fall, you can either collect planting material for the next season, or leave the bushes for the winter in the open field. Therefore, the flowers will appear already in early spring.
- When growing seedlings at home, planting seeds in containers is done in late winter - early spring. As already indicated, taking into account the peculiarities of the local climate.
Choosing a place to plant
Pansies are really undemanding. But, when deciding on a specific site for their landing, two points must be taken into account.
- Viola just needs enough light. In principle, it can also grow on shaded segments of the territory, but in this case its color fades, the flowering period is significantly reduced, and the buds become smaller. The latter is especially important if a variety of pansies with small flowers is chosen for breeding. They will become even smaller, and therefore you will have to make a denser landing.
- The soil is only fertile, well-moistened. Soils are sandy (water is poorly retained), stony for growing pansies is not an option. But if the site is predominantly such land? The only way out is to remove part of the top layer of soil at the place where the viola was planted and pour in the imported (purchased, prepared) nutrient soil mixture.
Planting pansies
For seedlings
It is better to grow it yourself, at home. Firstly, it is still unknown how the purchased bushes will manifest themselves. Secondly, why spend money if, unlike a number of flowers, pansies are undemanding in terms of creating some special conditions. They do not need, for example, lighting, like many other plants.
Soil preparation
On sale there is a soil, which is called so - for violets. Another planting option is in peat tablets placed in plastic cups. But if it is planned to breed pansies in large numbers on the site, then such methods will require significant costs.
It is better to prepare the soil for pansies yourself. Back in autumn experienced gardeners are stocking up necessary quantity leaf land (from forest belts) and compost. The mixture is made at the rate of 1 to 1.
As options:
- Land from the site and humus. If necessary - with the addition of organic fertilizers.
- Sod, peat, humus - 1 part each, coarse sand - 0.5.
Planting pansy seeds
Practicing 2 simple ways, since then you still have to do a pick.
- Seeds are scattered over the surface of the soil.
- Grooves are made in the ground (if we are talking about boxes) or holes (in relation to containers with compartments or flowerpots).
The seed container is covered with glass (film) to create a greenhouse effect and placed in a dark place with a temperature of +22 (±2) ºС.
seedling care
Before emergence:
- The container must be aired daily. The film rises slightly (glass moves). Otherwise, mold may appear on the soil.
- Watering. Its expediency is evidenced by the amount of condensate on the shelter material. If there is a lot of it, then additional irrigation should not be done. Drops falling on the ground moisten it. But if there are few of them, then you need to water the "plot".
After germination:
- Containers with shoots are placed closer to the light, on the windowsills.
- Air procedures are carried out regularly. Their meaning is that young seedlings should get used to natural conditions. Depending on the weather and temperature in the room, the vents open first, and with a gradual increase in the inflow time fresh air. Accordingly, the cover on the boxes is wrapped (shifted).
- After about a week, the seedlings of the pansies will get so strong that the glass (film) can be removed from the container. As soon as the temperature on the street is not lower than +10, the boxes are taken out to the balcony (loggia) and left for 15, 45 minutes and so on, with increasing time.
- The appearance of a pair of leaves is a signal to start picking. The meaning of this event is to plant shoots of pansies, otherwise they will interfere with each other in their development. You can place the sprouts in separate plastic cups, or thin out an artificial bed. As a rule, not all pansy seeds produce equally strong seedlings. Consequently, when picking, you can remove (utilize) the weakest shoots, thereby freeing up space for the normal development of the rest.
Feature - the sprouts that are left should be deepened into the soil. This will protect the lower part of the stem from damage and allow the root system to develop more intensively.
In order for pansies to bush better, they are pinched. But only when at least 6 leaves grow. The technology is simple - the top is cut off, thereby the development of side shoots is initiated.
Seeds in open ground
This technique is mainly used in garden plots. Buying seedlings (and spending money) annually is unlikely good decision if the seeds are easy to collect at the end of the season and store in the winter until the next one.
How to plant:
- Depending on the scheme for growing pansies, grooves are drawn in the ground or holes are made. Depth - no more than 10 mm. In practice, gardeners pierce a layer of earth with their finger, and this is quite enough.
- The interval between seeds is about 10 - 15 cm. Here it is necessary to take into account the developmental features of a particular variety. First of all, how much it "bushes". To exclude the appearance of "bald spots" on the flower bed (lawn), it is necessary to load them 2-3 pieces at each "point". In this case, there is a guarantee that at least one seed will surely germinate.
- Planting material is sprinkled with soil. But only slightly to cover it up a bit.
- Plot irrigation. It is recommended to do this by drip. For example, from a garden watering can. It is pointless to use a hose - the pressure of water will easily wash the seeds out of the soil and spread them across the territory.
On average, after 3 - 4 weeks, the first shoots appear.
Recommendation - if the place for planting pansies is well lit, then it is advisable to cover the bed with mulch. Viola loves moist soil, and this forethought will prevent water from evaporating and drying out the soil.
Care for pansies in the open field
- Watering. It must be moderate. Waterlogging, as well as drying out of the soil, will adversely affect pansies. In order not to be mistaken, you should check the soil with your finger. If a upper layer slightly damp, this is enough for the viola to bloom normally.
- Top dressing. The first time it is made no earlier than half a month after planting pansies. This is the period of rooting seedlings. When growing from seeds, fertilizers are applied under already sufficiently developed bushes, since the soil is fed before placing seeds in it, by definition. For viola, the store preparation "Kemira" (or similar in composition) is well suited. It is diluted in water and applied to the soil during irrigation.
- Loosening the earth. It is necessary to ensure that air access to the roots of pansies is free. If a crust has formed on the ground, then you should loosen the flower bed, that's all - the usual procedure for any vegetation.
- Removing faded flowers. This promotes the emergence of new buds. Accordingly, the territory will be beautifully decorated throughout the season, until late autumn.
Preparing the ground for pansies is easy. But whether it is worth planting seeds in it is an interesting question. Where is the guarantee that the mixture does not contain pest larvae, infections and the like. This fully applies to store soils. Unfortunately, the soil in bags does not always meet all the requirements. There is only one conclusion - the soil must be disinfected before planting the seeds of pansies.
There are a lot of ways, but three are mostly practiced at home:
- Steam bath. Soil is loaded into the container and installed in a basin, in which a couple of bricks (as an option) are laid and water is poured. All this is aged on an open fire (after boiling) for about ¾ hours.
- Spilling the soil with a solution. The easiest way is manganese, 5%. Its saturation is determined by its hue - the water should turn dark red. The container is selected depending on the amount of land, but always with holes in the bottom. As an option - a colander. True, disinfection (with a large volume of soil) in such dishes will take a lot of time.
- Microwave disinfection. The soil is placed in glass jar With plastic lid. Processing time is a couple of minutes. If necessary, you can repeat. But this method is convenient only with small amounts of soil.
On a note! Regardless of the method of disinfection of the soil, it is impossible to immediately plant seeds in it. It takes time for beneficial microorganisms to appear and multiply in the soil. Exposure - at least 2 weeks. And only then you can start landing.
Pansy bushes are often left in the open field for the winter (with a two-year form of cultivation). In this case, it is necessary to ensure the insulation of the flower bed. Depending on the region - spruce branches, mats, using a prefabricated structure. This is a separate topic, but worth mentioning.
In principle, there is nothing particularly difficult in planting pansies and caring for them. If you choose the right varieties of viola, do not flood the ground unnecessarily and prevent direct sunlight from hitting the flower bed long time, then the territory will be decorated with beautiful flowers until late autumn.
Good luck, beginner gardeners!
The cultivation of flowers with such a poetic name is widespread in our gardens, both in flower beds and in flower pots and containers. Pansies (another name is viola) in ancient times were attributed magical property- to bewitch love.
It was believed that one should only sprinkle the juice of this plant on the eyelids of a sleeping person, then wait for him to wake up and the one he sees first and becomes the subject of his adoration. The French and Poles usually present these flowers to their loved ones at the upcoming long separation. These are perennials that are often grown as biennials or annuals. Together with other annuals such as purslane or nasturtium, they perfectly decorate any garden, terrace, balcony.
Perennials or annuals?
Pansies can be grown as annuals or perennials. It all depends on the climatic conditions in which the plants are grown and the labor that you are willing to invest.
These flowers are quite hardy, but even in middle lane Russia is not always able to survive the cold winter. ---- Particularly vulnerable are plants that were planted late, little bushy and weakened left before winter. Viola does not tolerate wintering in a snowy winter; spring thaws, followed by night frosts, are especially dangerous for flowers.
In order for the viola not to freeze out, it is necessary to avoid low damp places for planting, close the flowers for the winter with covering material, and in winter hold snow in a flower bed with pansies. In order for the viola to bloom earlier, in early spring it is better to close the flower bed with a film. Growing an annual viola is a more predictable process.
Viola varieties
Numerous varieties of these flowers are hybrids of several types of violets. All varieties are widely used in floriculture to create borders, flowering carpets, flower beds, flower beds, as well as for decorating windows and balconies. Viola can be compact or sprawling bushes. Violas are distributed throughout the globe. The most common groups among our flower growers are as follows:
- Erfurt early, Swiss large-flowered (Roggli), trimardo profusely blooming.
Pansies have an incredible variety of colors and colors, the most popular is viola tricolor - the top of the petals is purple, the middle petals are yellow and the bottom petals are light yellow or white.
landing conditions
Pansies are thermophilic plants. They should be grown in sunny areas or slightly shaded places. In partial shade, their flowers become small, the plant itself grows for a long time. But in a sunny place, the plant has large, bright flowers.
Plants do not tolerate lowlands and damp places, spring stagnant water quite badly. Loamy, fertile, moist, neutral soils are suitable for pansies.
Growing methods
You can grow these flowers from seeds by planting immediately in open ground or grow seedlings from seeds. In addition, it is possible for pansies to grow by self-sowing in the spring in the place where they were planted last year.
At the same time, the flowers are pollinated, their species differences are lost, the color and size of the flower changes. These flowers are cross-pollinated plants, when planting you need different varieties plant at a distance from each other to maintain the purity of the variety. To collect seeds from your flowers in the country, you need to select strong specimens, wait until the seed boxes turn yellow and collect the seeds before the boxes crack and the seeds spill onto the ground. At the same time, it is possible to prepare seeds of exactly those varieties of flowers and colors that you like. The seeds are very small - in one gram there are almost a thousand pieces.
Growing from seeds in open ground
Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in June - July, and pansies will not bloom this year. Flowers will begin to bloom profusely next year in early spring. Seeds are sown in rows in a nursery - a special bed with well-prepared soil.
After the emergence of seedlings, they dive, i.e., they are transplanted with pinching the central root by one third for better root formation. They are done in the presence of two true leaves and transplanted to a permanent place within 25 by 25 centimeters. The plant should develop well over the summer, but not bloom.
Growing seedlings
Sowing of seeds is carried out in early March in small containers with a drainage hole. The land for seedlings is shed with potassium permanganate per day.
Seeds are laid out, moistened from a sprayer, covered with glass or placed in boxes with seedlings in a plastic bag and placed in a warm, dark place. When the sprouts appear, transfer to the windowsill, make sure not to steam under the film or glass.
Then we act in the same way as with sprouts in the open field - we dive and then transplant into separate cups. At the end of April, you need to harden off - take the seedlings out into the street or balcony. Seedlings are planted in open ground depending on the weather in April - early May, and in a month the viola will delight you with abundant flowering.
Reproduction by cuttings
Pansies, past the seeds, are also propagated by green cuttings. When the bushes grow for more than two years, they can grow strongly, flowering becomes less abundant. In order to rejuvenate the plant and propagate it, cuttings are used.
From May to July, the most beautiful specimens are selected in several steps, the buds are removed, young terminal shoots with 2-3 knots are cut off and planted tightly together in the shade in moist soil. Top with a jar or paper soaked in water.
Cuttings grow well if planted under the crown of a tree. In the autumn, after the cuttings grow well, you can transplant them to their permanent place. Plant care. Plants are mulched for the winter. Standard care: weeding, watering, loosening, top dressing.
For long flowering, faded flowers are removed.
Bloom
Flowering begins in April and continues until frost. Because of the love of the sun, pansies on the sunny side are always larger and more bright color but will bloom faster.
Pansies, which are grown as biennial plants, are recommended to be cut. Plants grown from summer crops in the previous year, or grown from cuttings, bloom more abundantly and their flower sizes are larger than those of annual flowers. Watering. Watered under the root, plentifully and regularly. Fertilizers, top dressing.
These flowers love fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, as well as trace elements. The first feeding is carried out at the beginning of butanization. Diseases, pests. The plant is affected by the following diseases and pests: powdery mildew, leaf spot, gall nematode, blackleg, aphid.
Helpful HintsGrowing in areas with a cold climate requires one important procedure - the plants should be dug up for the winter, transferring it to the greenhouse. For other regions, it is quite enough to cover the plants well with sawdust, covering material.
Pansies can be combined with other biennials and with perennials, such as reseda. Good luck gardeners!
Legends around the viola
There are many legends and superstitions around the viola. The French consider the flower a symbol of death, while the Germans associate it with an evil stepmother. The Slavs believe in a legend according to which the poor girl Anyuta fell in love with a guy from a rich family, and he left her before the wedding.
Anyuta died, never reconciled to the loss, and beautiful flowers grew on her grave, which the people called pansies. Despite the sad stories, the cultivation of this flower is practiced by gardeners around the world.
Viola is a decoration of a summer house, garden, balcony, with many colors, shapes and sizes.
What are the types and varieties of viola
Decorating a flower bed with viola flowersAmong the variety of Wittrock violet varieties, the most popular are plants that meet the following requirements:
- have a spectacular color; adapted to the climate; resistant to disease.
Distinguish between early flowering and late flowering plants. There are species that bloom throughout the summer - horned violet and tricolor. The spring flower stalks include Altai viola, klobuchkovy, labrador.
Late-flowering plants include elegant viola. Trimardo flower (Wittrock viola) Within the species, according to the prevailing shades, flower size, shape, subspecies and varieties of Wittrock viola are distinguished. The most popular variety groups are:
- "Trimardo". Includes varieties: Adonis ( turquoise flowers), Lord Beaconsfield (blue-purple coloration with upper petals white color), Cardinal (dark red flowers with darkening of the middle), Morenkönig (black).
Hemalis flower (wittrock viola) "Hemalis" winter varieties: Helios ( lemon color), Himelskenigin (sky-blue shade), Jupiter (red-violet flowers with white upper petals), Mars (blue shade with darkening of the middle), Nardpol (white).
Large-flowered "Swiss"- flower diameter up to 8 cm. Include varieties: Rococo (terry viola of various shades),Flower Viola Wittrac Swiss Red Riding Hood (bright red flowers with darkening of the middle).
Viola horned has varieties: Altona (beige colour), Anderland(purple shade), bluewunder(dark blue flower), bambini(a characteristic difference is the presence of a yellow spot with highlighted veins, see photo). Viola fragrant. Varieties: Charlotte(purple), Red Charm(scarlet shade) Triumph(large flowers of different colors).
The last achievement of selection was viola ampelnaya. The plant is intended for cultivation in hanging planters, on the balcony, as it forms a three-dimensional ball with many flowers.
Ampel violet perfectly tolerates cold, unpretentious, after planting seeds in the ground, it begins to bloom in 14-15 weeks. The cultivation of this species is practically no different from the propagation of the Wittrock flower. Ampel violet is suitable for decorating flower beds, alpine slides, flowerpots and hanging pots(see photo).
What soil to prepare for seedlings
Wittrock violet loves loamy soil, well-fed and constantly wet. The plant does not tolerate:
- stagnant moisture; lack of sun; fresh organic fertilizer.
For a flower, a substrate from loamy soils with the addition of mature humus is suitable. The soil for planting is drained, loosened, without adding humus, fertilized with ammonium nitrate or superphosphate. The latest development of breeders is growing seedlings at home on peat tablets.
Peat is ideal for viola, as it does not retain moisture, retains heat, and contains nutrients. Growing violets in peat tablets provides high level seedling survival, drainage, nutrients and soil moisture. To grow garden beauty in peat pots from seeds, you need to soak the tablets in water. When the peat swells, put the seeds on top and lightly cover with soil. (see video)
At home, seed germination is carried out in a dark place, covered with polyethylene to create the effect of a greenhouse.
How to plant viola seeds
Cultivation of tender violets begins in January-February, depending on the variety. To grow a viola from seed, it will take several months of painstaking daily care of fragile seedlings. Seeds are harvested from August.
After flowering, small boxes are formed, which dry out as the seeds ripen. Hurry up so that the boxes do not crack. A sign of ripe seeds is turning the box up.
The collected grains are cleaned, dried and stored in the refrigerator.
Seeds are sown in the ground in February-March in a greenhouse or containers for seedlings. When is the best time to plant a viola depends on the variety and when it blooms. For example, early flowering varieties should be sown in February in order to plant seedlings in open ground in April.
The seeds are sown in the soil, slightly moistened with a spray bottle. Sprinkle on top with sand, peat, or light soils.
When shoots appear, the plants dive. Planting of young shoots is carried out quickly to prevent thinning and stretching of the stem. The picking distance is kept 20x20 cm.
It is often practiced to plant seeds directly in individual pots. With the onset of summer, pots with seedlings are put on a balcony or flower bed, they are looked after as usual.
Planting seedlings and care
In April-May, viola seedlings are planted in open ground. Flowers love partial shade, but can be planted in sunny places. In the sun, the flowers grow large, but fade 2 times faster.
The flowers of the plant are cross-pollinated, so varieties should be planted at a distance from each other. Basic care:
- daily watering; top dressing mineral fertilizers every 2-3 weeks; weeding; covering for the winter with sawdust, spruce branches.
The main diseases of the plant are: Pansies are scientifically called Vitrocca violet. They are grown in summer cottages, decorating flower beds, as well as on balconies.
The plant is unpretentious: it can be transplanted even during the flowering period and planted in early spring, as soon as the snow leaves. Pansies bloom early and bloom profusely. If everything is done correctly, then their colorful flowers will delight the eye from spring to late autumn.
Pansies: growing
There are 2 main ways of cultivating pansies: growing from seeds and cuttings. Seeds can be planted in 2 ways: in open ground and boxes. When the plant fades, it leaves a fruit with seeds that are used for further sowing. Seeds can be harvested when the pod turns pale yellow or turns white. The seed will ripen during drying. You can store it for 3 years. Sowing pansies depends on the desired flowering period. For getting good flowering in early spring, they are sown in late June - early July of the previous year. Seeds are planted in nurseries or on well-cultivated beds in loose rows. They sprout 1 - 2 weeks after planting, and after 2 - 3 weeks you can see the emergence of sprouts. Sprouts dive, and at the end of August they are planted at the place of the intended flowering at a distance of 25 cm from each other. If you want to get flowers in the same year, it is recommended to sow the seeds in boxes. Then the seedlings are transplanted into a flower garden. Sowing seeds of pansies in boxes is carried out in February, scattering them over the surface of moistened soil. Do not forget to sprinkle them with a thin layer of earth. The boxes are placed in dark place keeping the temperature at 15 - 20 degrees. They need to be covered with glass, and periodically ventilate and moisten the soil. When the seeds sprout, the temperature should be lowered to 10 degrees and the box with the sprouts should be placed in sunlight. You can dive seedlings of flowers in about 10 - 20 days. Planting in open ground is advised in May. If you have chosen to grow a plant using cuttings, you need to produce it immediately in open ground in May - June. The final green shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut from the bush. They are planted in a shaded area close to each other to a depth of 5 mm. Water the soil well and spray the cuttings with water. Roots appear in a month. If cuttings are made in spring, pansies will bloom in summer or early autumn, and if closer to autumn, then in spring next year. Cuttings rejuvenate the plant, preventing the bushes from growing strongly. From the 1st large bush you can get 10 cuttings.
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Pansies: proper care
To date, about 400 species and several hundred varieties of pansies are known. Winter varieties bloom very early. The flowers of the Swiss large-flowered group are luxurious - these are plant varieties with a flower diameter of up to 10 cm.
Their coloration is with large spots, a border along the edge and stripes of different tones. The color palette is quite rich - it is yellow, orange, wine red, deep black, blue, blue and purple. Main varieties: Rhine Gold, Bride, Flame, Sunny kiss, Black King, Love duet. This plant is not whimsical to care for. Pansies are quite shade-tolerant, but if grown in partial shade, flowering will not be as plentiful, but longer.
For planting pansies, fertile and moist loamy soil is recommended. Watch to melt water do not stagnate, otherwise it can lead to rotting of the root system of the plant and its death. You need to water the flower 2-3 times a week.
On hot and dry days - daily. It is necessary to feed the plant with complex mineral fertilizers, which include phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and other trace elements. It is necessary to fertilize the violet both before budding and during flowering.
Seedlings can be fed with superphosphate and ammonium nitrate (20-40 g per 1 m?). Pansies cannot be fertilized with fresh manure. In order for the plant to bloom for a long time, remove faded flowers and dry leaves in time.
Be sure to weed the beds where pansies grow, removing weeds. Remember to loosen the ground. As for diseases and pests, aphids, cutworms, spotting, powdery mildew, blackleg, root and stem rot are common.
You may encounter these problems if you violate the agricultural practices of planting, growing and caring for pansies. You can fight pests and diseases with special preparations that are sold in gardening stores.
Summer business.
Pansies flowers: photo
Pansies - growing from seed
Wittrock violet or viola is a flower with a rather boring and not very memorable name. In our country, this plant has received a rather unusual and very sonorous name - Pansies.
The flower acquired this name thanks to an old legend that passed from mouth to mouth and has come down to our days. Once upon a time, a girl named Anna accompanied her beloved to the war. The guy left, the girl waited for him for a long time, but she didn’t wait.
Then she turned into a beautiful and completely different flower, to grow forever by the road and look into the distance, waiting for the return of her beloved. Today, the inhabitants of France, England and Poland give pansies when parting with a loved one. Among the early and gorgeous flowering plants, pansies have rightfully won their place of honor.
That is why they have gained particular popularity both among gardeners and among those who like to decorate their balconies and loggias with magnificent flowering plants. This plant is of particular interest to gardeners because it able to bloom in early spring. Viola is not afraid of frost, so it pleases the eye of amateur growers even when the rest of the flowers are just starting to raise their sprouts to the sky.
Pansies: growing from seeds
They start preparing pansies for sowing quite early: already in late January - early February, the first preparations are made. Growing wittrocks from seeds is a very painstaking task that requires strength and diligence to care for rather fragile seedlings.
The most important thing in this business is not to miss the moment when pansies, at the end of flowering, form special small boxes with seeds. As the seeds ripen, the bolls begin to dry out, the flaps of each of them fold along the upper vein like a closing book.
At this moment, the seeds with great force fly out of the box at a distance of up to two meters. That is why, if you want to grow seedlings from seeds, you need to collect the fruits of the pansies in time, and then dry them in a closed bag and send them to the refrigerator for storage. If you dream grow a viola in the field, then in early spring you can plant seedlings directly into the greenhouse.
To decorate balconies, pansies are very often grown at home. For seedlings in this case, you must purchase a special container. Seeds should be scattered over the surface, slightly covering them with a thin layer of earth.
After that, it is necessary to place the box in a dark place and create a temperature in the room not higher than +20 degrees Celsius. After that, you need to moisten the soil abundantly. As a rule, the first shoots will appear a week after sowing.
At this point, it is necessary to place a container with germinated seeds in a well-lit place and lower the room temperature to +10 degrees Celsius. After 20 days, viola seedlings can be dived into larger containers.
The rapid planting of young shoots is explained by the fact that thinning and stretching of the stem should not be allowed, which can prevent the further harmonious growth of flowers. If you plan to decorate your home balcony or loggia with pansies, then you have every right to plant the seeds in separate pots, and with the onset of heat, put them on the balcony and take care of the plants as usual.
You can plant seedlings in open ground as early as May so that pansies bloom in summer. If you plan to plant the viola in hanging baskets or boxes at home on the balcony, then for pansies ideal option there will be garden soil with the addition of a pinch of prolonged fertilizer. When planting a viola in a garden, it is desirable to choose loose, organic-rich soils.
Seedlings must be placed at a distance of 30 cm from each other, and for compact varieties - 20 cm. When seating, you should try to place the seedlings so that the upper level of the earthen clod of each of the plants coincides with the ground level. It is preferable to plant pansies in partial shade.
In extreme heat in the scorching sun, the viola will not form buds. In such a situation, the situation will be saved by increased soil moisture. It is advisable to plant pansies in a well-ventilated place.
This will reduce the risk of various diseases.
Pansies: propagation by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings in pansies begins around June, and is carried out in the open field. To do this, it is necessary to cut shoots with two or three knots from the bush. Then you need to plant the shoots to a depth of 0.5 cm tightly to each other and pour plenty of water.
There should be shade at the landing site. As a rule, after a month, the planted cuttings will begin to form root system. This type of propagation does not allow the bushes to grow, which helps them to improve flowering.
If you cut the cuttings in the spring, then the seedlings will bloom this year, if at the end of summer, then in the spring of next year.
Care for pansies
Ironing pansies are very fond of abundant watering, so do not forget to do this as the topsoil dries. It is unacceptable to accumulate water in a pot or container. On a hot, fine day, it is better to spray the viola.
Such care promotes intensive growth, as well as the appearance of large buds and brightly colored flowers. Plants planted in spring are more resistant to attack by various pests. However, the chance of getting infected spider mite and the aphids are still there.
In this case, it is necessary to process pansies green soap or rinse them under a gentle pressure of water. Very often, the viola is affected by the invasion of caterpillars.
Insects can be repelled by spraying viola with tobacco infusion. Abundant watering of plants can lead to the development of diseases such as gray rot, black leg and powdery mildew. Therefore, soil moisture should be closely monitored, especially in cool weather. Thanks to its amazing beauty, as well as unpretentiousness, pansies are an adornment of many balconies, loggias and gardens.
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