The best models of solid fuel boilers. Overview of the rating of long-burning heating equipment. Solid fuel boiler of long burning

The solid propellant copper with an open combustion chamber is made of strong, durable cast iron. The German manufacturer Buderus recommends using not only wood and coal for heating, but also coke - this allows you to choose the most convenient option for yourself. Boiler Logano G221-20 - purchase on long years. He'd rather get bored than break.

Pros:

• Installation of the unit is simple and does not require welding.
• Well thought-out design ensures durability of the product.
• Large loading door - convenient to use large logs.

Minuses:

• Price - for such a product is not high, but there are cheaper options.

1 ZOTA Pellet 25A

Among the huge number of types of heating equipment on the market, one of the traditional options for use in a private house is a long-burning boiler. With the help of the latest scientific developments, engineers were able to build such a boiler that can work up to 7 days on one load! This is not fantasy, this is reality! Despite the rather large dimensions of the device and its bulkiness, this is the most practical and economical solution for heating a large area today!

A long-burning boiler can be used as the main source of combustion, which explains its great popularity in many remote areas of the country where there is no other option for heating a house.

Unlike a classic boiler, where heat is given off by a flame during the combustion of fuel, a long-burning device works in a completely different way. The long-burning boiler is a completely new and improved design.

In conventional TT boilers, one load of firewood or coal provides combustion for 6-7 hours, which is not very economical and requires constant monitoring in order to maintain optimal temperature conditions. Long-burning appliances can maintain heat for 7 days from one laying of firewood or coal.

What accounts for such a difference in consumption of raw materials and how is this productivity achieved? We will talk about this in this article.

Solid fuel boilers appeared relatively long ago, but all of them, regardless of model and manufacturer, had one significant drawback. Fuel had to be constantly added as it burned out. It was inefficient and not economical. This situation continued exactly until the year 2000, when Stropuva found a way to eliminate this problem. It is to the engineer Edmuntas Shtropaitis that we owe such an invention as a long-burning boiler.

To date, this is the most practical and functional device for heating a private house or cottage, the performance level of which reaches 70, and sometimes 100%. But, unlike classic pyrolysis boilers, which also differ good efficiency, such units can maintain heat for 7 days on just one batch of fuel!

What are its main technical features And due to what this device is so economical and efficient?

The principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler for long burning is similar to pyrolysis units. The main heat is generated not from the combustion of wood or coal, but from the gasification of solid fuels. The combustion process takes place in a closed space, from where wood gas is released through a special telescopic pipe.

After that, the gas is sent to the heater nozzle, where diffusion (mixing) takes place with the secondary air pumped in by the fan. Thus, a continuous process will occur until the coals or firewood are completely burned out. In this case, the combustion temperature sometimes reaches 1200 degrees.

The effectiveness of this principle lies precisely in the fact that solid fuel is consumed very slowly, as needed, which significantly increases the efficiency of such a heater. But not only high performance is an advantage of this design.

Important. Solid fuel (pyrolysis) long-burning boilers have a very high efficiency compared to classic design. It is equal to 95%.

As a rule, the whole point of long-term combustion lies in the fact that not the entire laying of coal or firewood burns out at the same time, but only the top layer. Due to the fact that air is supplied from above, and not from below, fuel burns out gradually, in its upper layer.

When this layer burns out, the air supply is turned on, and exactly as much as is needed to burn the top layer. This provides such a duration of burning and the ability to control the process.

It should be said that this version of the heater is acceptable only as a heating system. If you need to consider a domestic water heating system, then you should look for other options.

If the option is selected specifically for heating a large house, then such a device is great alternative electrical and gas appliances.

Design feature of the TT long-burning boiler

Usually the design itself and the large dimensions of such a device already tell the consumer that the whole thing is in a large volume. loading chamber. However, the duration of burning here is determined not by a large amount of resources, but by slow smoldering.

The duration of burning is ensured through the use of special techniques. Today, there are 2 main long-burning systems used in such devices. This Canadian system Buleryan and Baltic Stropuva.

The second system is less common in our country due to the high price and large number of technical parameters. But the Burelyan system is fundamental in the production of long-burning boilers, presented today on the modern market.

It is a small oven, which consists of two chambers. In the first (lower) chamber, solid fuel is burned, resulting in the formation of gas. He enters the second chamber, which is above the first. Here the hot gas is mixed with air and further combustion takes place. High heat transfer and good air circulation are provided by pipes located from bottom to top around the circumference of the boiler cylinder.

Of course, the burning time of the boiler up to several days is determined by the need to load a large amount of fuel. For this purpose, the door of the loading chamber is located not at the bottom, but at the top of the boiler. The entire lower part is filled with fuel.

The flue pipe is located at the top of the boiler, which is connected to the chimney. And at the very bottom you can see the ash pan, which is necessary for collecting ash and systematic access for cleaning.

If in conventional furnaces the ash pan plays the role of a blower, supplying a portion of oxygen, then here the ash pan plays only the function of collecting combustion residues, therefore its door is airtight. Where does the air come from? At the top of the boiler there is an air chamber, which simultaneously plays the role of a recuperator (here the flue gases heat its walls). That is, the air from the air chamber enters already heated.

At the top of the chamber is a damper that regulates the supply of air to the fuel. In order for oxygen to be dosed into the chamber, an air distributor is located in the boiler, which is connected to the air chamber by a long telescopic pipe.

As the fuel burns, the distributor lowers along with top layer burning raw materials, which ensures a constant supply of oxygen. In order to return the distributor to its original position, it is enough to pull the cable with the ring up. By the way, the remaining fuel in the chamber can be determined by the position of the cable.

As a result of this design, manufacturers are able to achieve performance (efficiency) up to 85%, and adjustable power from 50-100%.

Video. The principle of operation of the TT long-burning boiler.

The principle of this design explains the high environmental friendliness of long-burning boilers. The percentage of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is very low.

The raw material for burning is usually coal, peat briquettes, firewood, coke. But in addition to ordinary firewood, you can use any waste from the woodworking industry. These wastes are crushed to a finely dispersed state, after which they are pressed into granules called pellets. Fuel can be combined - it all depends on the model.

The large volume of the loading chamber and the insufficient supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber significantly increases the overall efficiency of the HT boiler, taking into account these factors, the smoldering process is extremely slow and can reach up to 7 days. Pyrolysis boilers are also good, but they are very demanding on the quality and moisture content of the original fuel. Yes, here performance will also decrease with wet wood, but not as much as in a pyrolysis boiler.

Many models work on the basis of loose woody substances (sawdust, chips), on peat briquettes or on the basis of wood pieces, cuts.

Due to the fact that oxygen enters the chamber in limited doses, the smoldering process is very slow. But at the same time, the resources loaded into the boiler are sufficient to obtain generator gas with high thermal conductivity. Through a ceramic nozzle, it rushes into the main combustion chamber, where the process of active combustion continues. At the same time, the process is forced and supported additional air, which creates a fan.

The flame itself is formed by mixing gas and air, and is enhanced by the use of fans.

Due to the complexity of the scheme and volumetric dimensions, such units are mainly used for heating large premises, large country mansions. For small dacha or a one-story house, it is simply not economically justified to purchase such a boiler. The performance of such units is too high.

The high performance of long-burning boilers is also achieved due to the good location of the heat exchanger, which is a water jacket. The design of the unit helps to evenly heat the water circuit around the entire perimeter. The temperature of the exhaust gases does not exceed 130-150 degrees. The heat released in the boiler heats the coolant as efficiently as possible.

When choosing a long-burning boiler for your home, let's go through its main technical specifications and note the advantages and disadvantages.

Specifications

• Long-burning boilers, which can provide up to 7 days of operation, mainly operate on peat briquettes or wood shavings. There are also universal devices that allow you to work with different fuels, but its length should not exceed 40 cm. Otherwise, you will have to deal with self-harvesting firewood.
• The higher the moisture content of the feedstock, the lower the performance of the heater. Therefore, for combustion, manufacturers recommend using fuel with a moisture content of no more than 20%.
• 1 boiler load on average provides up to 7 days of continuous burning.

Advantages:

• High performance. Perhaps this is one of the main and significant advantages of such bulky units. The average efficiency is at least 90%.
• Environmental friendliness. Carbon monoxide, entering the chimney, is used as the main source of formation of combustible gas.
• Relative availability and inexpensive price of solid fuel.
• Automatic workflow. Some models are equipped with a remote control that allows you to set the desired temperature.
• Saving time and resources.
• Autonomy of work. Can be used as the main heating device.
• High fire safety. Long-burning boilers are equipped with an alarm sensor that is triggered in any emergency.
• High design reliability. At correct operation equipment, the boiler will last more than a dozen years.

But no matter how efficient, economical and productive these boilers are, there are some disadvantages of such devices.

Flaws:

• Large dimensions.
• High price.
• The need for regular cleaning.

In order for a long-burning solid fuel boiler to last a long time and not cause burns or accidents in the house, you should perform simple rules operation of this appliance.

Will the boiler really work all 7 days on 1 load of fuel?

Owners of cottages and private houses, when choosing a solid fuel boiler, are most interested in such parameters as price, power and duration of burning from one load of fuel.

Here, let's take a comparative look and stick to these basic criteria to determine which of the devices will be the most effective.

• Boiler power. This parameter depends on the volume of the loading chamber. The larger it is, the longer the boiler can burn from one load.
• The weight of the structure determines the material. A cast iron apparatus will be almost 20% heavier.
• Product price. This is a very conditional parameter. But if the boiler is purchased for the purpose of the main source of heating, then it is still not worth saving, because the performance of the device and the comfortable microclimate in the house depend on it.

In any case, if the seller claims that this boiler will work for 7 days on one load of fuel, be sure to take the trouble to look into the technical data sheet, because no matter how much he praises the features and advantages of the device, it is in the passport that its standard burning time will be written.

The burning time does not always only depend on the chosen model. This parameter is affected by the type and quality of fuel, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings, the quality of the insulation of the house.

Proper installation of the boiler: step by step instructions

Many consumers, when purchasing a solid fuel boiler and expecting from it the effect of a long and economical burning of raw materials up to the declared up to 7 days, after some time pay attention to the fact that the device does not provide the declared efficiency. And the point here is not at all poor quality or marriage of the boiler, but in the mistakes made when connecting.

Of course, given the complexity of the design and the responsibility of this event, many trust the installation of a long-burning TT boiler to craftsmen. However, following our detailed step by step instructions, you can do it yourself, without outside help, install the boiler. Although you cannot do without an assistant in this matter, because the weight of the device is at least 50 kg.

At the stage preparatory work, you should immediately consider where the boiler will be installed. Ideally, of course, equip a separate boiler room.

Considering that solid fuel still creates a certain dirt, such heating system must be carried out in a separate non-residential premises. But if the boiler power is small (does not exceed 30-35 kW), then you can simply separate (zonate) the main room from the "boiler room".

To ensure that people who service and ignite the boilers do not have breathing problems, the boiler room must be equipped with a ventilation system. Clean air must come from the street.

Prepare the following tools:

1. Locksmith set (adjustable, open-end wrenches).
2. Building level.
3. Circular Saw.
4. Screwdriver and a set of nozzles.
5. Marker.
6. Sealant gun.

In addition to the heating solid fuel boiler itself, it will also be necessary to purchase materials for connecting the boiler to the heating system.

• Steel coupling (3 pieces).
• Ball valve with a drive (2 pcs) with a diameter of 50 mm.
• Metal pipe for connecting the boiler.
• Sealant (refractory).
• Plumbing lining.

Stage 1. Preparation and protection of the premises.

The issue of fire safety should be approached with all responsibility.

When installing a low-power unit, it is allowed to install the boiler on a rough concrete screed.

Be sure to check the level of the slope of the foundation. It must be perfectly level. If necessary (if the floor is not even), a brick foundation should be laid out.

1. Draw with a marker or chalk on the floor the place where you will install the boiler and carefully double-check all distances. Observe the distance from the walls (regulated by SNiP). The distance from the furnace door to the wall must be at least 125 cm. The distance between the side parts and the back of the boiler and the wall must be at least 700 mm.

Video. How to properly install a long-burning boiler in the house.

Stage 2. Boiler piping.

This stage is one of the most difficult. The security of the system will directly depend on it.

There are several boiler piping schemes: with forced and natural circulation coolant. In addition, there may be an open closed system heating.

With a natural circulation system, water flows freely through all pipes under its own pressure. The forced scheme involves the installation of a pump that creates this pressure.

The choice of connection scheme largely depends on the number of floors of the house, the location of the boiler, rooms and the total area. So, it is advisable to use a scheme with natural circulation for one-story houses. But for rooms with several floors, it will be ineffective and it is better to purchase an additional pump in order to perform forced scheme coolant circulation.

But the most simple and understandable is the closed (forced) scheme.

It is produced through 2 nozzles. One is connected to the supply circuit of the heating network, and the second end to its return circuit.

Important! Whichever model of TT boiler you choose, it does not come with a circulation pump and expansion tank. All this, depending on the chosen connection system, must be purchased and installed independently.

To properly tie the boiler, be guided by the following rules:

The installation of a pressure gauge is a prerequisite for piping the boiler, as this device will control the maximum pressure value.

Stage 3. Connection to the chimney.

All solid fuel boilers must be connected to a chimney. If the house is already equipped efficient system exhaust gases, then you just need to connect a new design to it.

Attention! It is necessary to process the joints of the connection of all parts of the chimney with a sealant. This will help prevent smoke leakage.

1. We connect the first pipe of the chimney to the boiler nozzle. The type of connection depends on the selected boiler model. A prerequisite is the observance of the diameter of the chimney and the furnace nozzle. The diameter of the chimney pipe must not be less than the branch pipe of the solid fuel boiler. If these parameters are not met, then the throughput flue at maximum power.

Video. Connecting a solid fuel boiler to a chimney.

Attention! In no case should a shut-off valve be installed on the pipeline section between the boiler and the safety group.

Stage 4. We connect the boiler to the heating system.

1. According to the SNiP standards, it is necessary to carry out a hydraulic pressure test with a holding time of 24 hours before starting the boiler.

To do this, open the valves, all taps and connect the water. Raise the pressure with the control valve to 1.3 atm. This test should show you that there are no leaks. Pay special attention to threaded and welded connections.

1. We fire up the boiler.

To set fire to firewood or peat, you need to put wood chips or paper in the chamber. After melting the boiler, close all doors tightly. After a steady flame has appeared, you can open the door and load the main amount of firewood. Never use flammable liquid for ignition.

1. On the first test run, an unpleasant chemical start may be present. This may be due to the fact that the remnants of the factory oil burn out. The odor will soon disappear.

If you connected everything correctly, then the pressure should not drop during the test period and, accordingly, there should be no leaks anywhere. Now you can put the boiler into operation. If, during the test period, any problems were identified, then you should disconnect the boiler from the system, wait for it to cool completely and proceed to eliminate the errors.

With proper installation and connection of the boiler, you will quickly appreciate its high performance and efficiency, which will allow you to maintain a comfortable microclimate in the house. A video instruction will help you take into account all the necessary nuances of installing the boiler.

Video. Proper connection of a solid fuel boiler for long burning.

Solid fuel boiler for heating a private house - a modern alternative traditional ways heating. With it you will not freeze in the winter in the country or in country cottage. A variety of models will allow you to choose the one that suits you.

Classification of solid fuel boilers for long burning

The main feature of all varieties of such boilers is that they are installed where it is not possible to use other heating, for example, gas. They burn for a long time, up to several days, they heat exclusively due to solid fuel. The principle of their operation is simple and similar to heating with a conventional wood or coal stove: you load fuel into the boiler, it burns, releasing heat. Add raw materials as needed.

Cast iron heating solid fuel boiler

This is the advantageous difference between units designed for long-term burning from other types of solid fuel boilers: they do not need to be loaded often, you can not even get up at night. Some varieties do not depend on electricity. This makes them even more convenient for places remote from city life. Taking into account these and other characteristics, the following types of solid fuel boilers are distinguished, involving long-term burning:

What fuel is used:

• firewood;
• coal;
• pellets (granulated wood waste);
• sawdust;
• universal. Almost everything can be burned in such boilers - from coal to waste.

Advice. Do not burn the boiler with gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, laminate or chipboard residues, as well as glossy paper (for example, magazines or catalogs): they emit toxic substances.

How fuel is loaded:

• manually;
• automatically.

How it is burned:

• traditionally;
• using pyrolysis (without oxygen access);
• "top down" (top burning).

What are boilers made of?

• steel;
• cast iron.

From a huge number of models, choose the one that is most suitable for your home in terms of area

How many cameras have:

• one;

Their functionality:

• single-circuit, which only heat the room;
• double-circuit, which, in addition to the main function, are also used for heating water.

What are the features of boilers of different types

When choosing a boiler, decide how you will load it. Coal gives off more heat, and burns much longer without additional loading. Firewood is considered the most environmentally friendly fuel. When giving preference to such a boiler, please note: it must have a sufficiently large chamber for the furnace and a wide door. So you can download a lot of firewood at the same time big size which will increase the burning time.

Attention! For the best energy efficiency, use wood with a moisture content of less than 20%.

pellet boiler

Boilers that are heated with pellets are mostly automated. You do not need to load them with raw materials every few hours, the manufacturers have provided a special hopper and mechanized feed for this purpose. wood pellets burn almost completely, leaving a small amount of ash. However, pellets are not yet widely spread as a type of fuel due to the price, availability in warehouses and the cost of the boilers themselves.

A feature of automated devices is that they require an electrical connection. Without it, automation simply does not work. If there are power outages in your holiday village, it is better to opt for manually loaded boilers. For the convenience of owners, some automated models are equipped with control panels. In particular, they allow you to adjust the frequency of downloads.

Pellet boiler operation

If you choose a universal unit, it is better that the main type of fuel for it is coal. Rugged construction, designed for black or brown "gold", will easily accept any fuel. In comparison, wood-fired boilers, which are mostly made from thin sheets of metal, are not designed to burn coal. Dispose of cardboard, shavings, sawdust, husks in universal solid fuel devices.

Most often, manufacturers produce 2 types of boilers: cast iron and steel. There are also ceramic ones, but they are almost not common. If the heating device is made of cast iron, its service life reaches 50 years. This metal is resistant to rust, but sensitive to temperature changes. Steel boilers are cheaper, but they last about 20 years.

Is there a difference in how the fuel is burned in the boiler

In classical boilers, fuel is ignited from below, and the flame, rising, consistently “eats” everything that was put there. Most often, this is how boilers work, which need to be reloaded every 2-8 hours (depending on the model and type of fuel used). Long-burning devices usually have large volume fireboxes. This is what allows classic models to do without “additives” for as long as possible after loading.

Wood boiler device

There are shaft-type boilers where you need to ignite the fuel at the top, and combustion (or rather, gradual smoldering) also occurs from top to bottom. This innovation had a positive effect on the duration of the work. Without additional laying, firewood burns for about a day, coal - on average up to 6 days. It is impossible to top up or report something until the first load has decayed. Due to the economy and high efficiency, such models are more expensive than traditional ones.

Pyrolysis boiler automatic control device

Another type of boilers according to the method of burning fuel is pyrolysis. In them, firewood, coal or waste is burned under the influence of high temperatures, but without oxygen. Such boilers usually consist of two chambers, raw materials are put into one and set on fire. After a while, the oxygen supply is limited, and the fuel begins to smolder. As a result of this, gas is released (or generated), which enters the second chamber and burns separately. Because of this feature, these boilers are also called gas-generating boilers.

Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel boilers

TO positive properties long-burning solid fuel devices include:

Among negative points operation of solid fuel boilers for long burning, it is worth highlighting both general and those that are characteristic of individual models:

Advice. You can keep the fuel in the boiler room, if its size allows. It is better if the distance between the boiler and the fuel is at least 40 cm.

What else to consider when purchasing a long-burning boiler for a country house

Such boilers may well become not only a replacement for conventional heating, but also be an addition to it. With conscientious care and proper operation, they serve for many years without requiring repair and fully recouping the cost of their purchase.

How to choose a solid fuel boiler: video

Boiler for heating: photo