How to grow chrysanthemums at home from seeds? Korean chrysanthemum: growing from seeds, varieties

Chrysanthemums are very beautiful flowers different shades that can beautify various rooms... At home, they grow very well, without causing much trouble in their maintenance and care. These plants are quite unpretentious and tolerate a drop in temperature well. They do not fade for a long time in cut form, so they are often used in autumn bouquets. Many people think that chrysanthemums can only be grown by rooting a shoot or dividing a bush. However, this miracle can also be grown from seeds.

Description of the plant

Chrysanthemum is loved by many gardeners, not only their own beautiful flowering, but also by the fact that one of the last begins to bloom and pleases the eye with its gorgeous look until the very cold weather. This flower in vivo found in China, North America, Asia and Europe... Chrysanthemum has many varieties, numbering about 150 pieces.

The cultivation of this flower takes place both at home and on summer cottage... In the latter case, only two varieties are used:

• korean;
• ground chrysanthemum.

It belongs to the Asteraceae family of Compositae. It begins to bloom in September and ends in a month, in October. Shrub height is from 30 to 110 cm... The higher it is, the more colors are formed on it, and when favorable conditions up to 100 inflorescences with a double or semi-double surface can appear. The branched roots of the plant can penetrate the soil to a depth of 20 cm.

For growing on personal plots, the following types of chrysanthemums are most often acquired:

• Alpine;
• Crowned;
• Keeled;
• Shrub;
• Chinese;
• Korean.

Hybrid varieties tolerate temperature extremes and bad weather much easier. They are less likely to be affected by pests and various diseases, and they differ in a long flowering period.

How to grow a chrysanthemum from seeds?

Growing a flower from seeds does not require special conditions and does not take much time. Chrysanthemum is unpretentious and easily adapts to various conditions environment... You need to know that not all types of such a plant are grown from seeds, but only Korean small-flowered and some annuals... All other species are obtained by cuttings or dividing the bush.

The seeds of annual chrysanthemums can be sown directly into open ground. This is usually done in mid-May, flowering in this case will come only in autumn. In order to see flowers early, it is best to plant seedlings that quickly adapt to open ground. Seeds of perennial flowers are sown at the end of January. If the winter is too harsh, then this process is postponed to February.

Such flowers should be grown in light soil, which is prepared according to the following scheme:

• one part of humus;
• one piece of sand;
• two pieces of leafy land.

Growing chrysanthemums at home must be carried out in a container, on the bottom of which gravel, expanded clay or any other material that acts as drainage is laid. Seeds of annual flowers are planted to a depth of no more than 1 cm... If the chrysanthemum is Korean, then in this case the seeds must be laid out on the surface. The emergence of sprouts should be expected in two weeks, and under favorable conditions this period is usually shortened.

Seedlings should be grown at an ambient temperature of +18 degrees. The soil must be constantly moist, so it must be systematically sprayed with a spray bottle so that it does not dry out. It is best to use warm and settled water. After the appearance of several true leaves, the plants begin to dive into separate containers.

Planting chrysanthemums in open ground

Grow a flower in open ground quite simple, but you still have to adhere to certain conditions.

Lighting

Seedlings in open ground are transplanted at the beginning of summer, and in good weather conditions they do it a little earlier. In this case, you should focus on the temperature of the soil, which should warm up to +14 degrees. The area where chrysanthemums will grow should be well lit by sunlight... Since most varieties begin to bloom in the fall, the light regime is as natural as possible.

If the chrysanthemum lacks the sun, then only flower buds begin to form, and with an excess of it, axillary buds, stems and leaves will be laid mainly. Thus, in order for the flower to develop normally, it needs a normal daylight hours.

Windless and flat area

The plant does not like drafts and wind, so it is best to grow chrysanthemums near the house or fence. Moreover, for such flowers it is necessary to find a flat area... This is explained by the fact that in the lowland, due to melting snow, water will begin to drain and flood the chrysanthemum. This can also happen during rainy weather.

Care

After the seedlings are planted, it must be properly cared for. First of all, the chrysanthemum must be watered after planting. Lack of moisture will not allow the formation of flower buds, from which inflorescences subsequently grow. An excess of moisture is not terrible for the plant, but too juicy shoots can freeze during autumn frosts.

Chrysanthemum care includes applying fertilizers to the soil, and in moderation. It is necessary to alternate feeding using mineral and organic fertilizers... First, nitrogen fertilizing is applied, and during the laying of the buds - phosphorus-potassium. In addition, you should regularly loosen the soil and remove weeds.

Diseases and pests

Thus, growing from seeds and caring for a chrysanthemum is a fairly simple matter. Some species can be grown both outdoors and at home. Adhering to certain recommendations, you can achieve a gorgeous flowering in the fall, which will delight the eye for a long time.

Chrysanthemums are amazing flowers. When the trees no longer have a single leaf, and the air smells of winter, they stand out in bright spots against the background of the dull autumn landscape. These flowers are kept for a long time in cut form, therefore they are used to compose autumn bouquets. For some reason it is believed that it is possible to propagate a chrysanthemum only by dividing a bush or rooting a shoot, but in our article we will tell you how to grow this miracle from seeds.

Chrysanthemum species

There are a lot of varieties of chrysanthemums, botanists have counted about 700. They differ in the size of inflorescences, color, height of bushes, flowering time. Garden chrysanthemums are divided into 13 groups according to the type of their inflorescences. For example, if you take bush chrysanthemums, then they are distinguished into groups according to the following criteria:

1. Plants with inflorescences of double flowers with petals covering the middle are referred to as feathery chrysanthemums.
2. Chrysanthemums, similar to the first, but with more refined petals, resembling a brush, are called bristly.
3. An open core, which is framed by 1 or 2 rows of petals, a flat inflorescence, reminiscent of a chamomile, indicates belonging to the group of simple or semi-double chrysanthemums.
4. An inflorescence similar to the previous inflorescence with petals imitating a spoon belongs to spoon-shaped chrysanthemums.
5. Small double flowers of the correct round shape, collected in inflorescences, are a sign of a pompom chrysanthemum.
6. The inflorescence is flat, and the middle is raised, lush - these signs belong to the anemone chrysanthemum.
7. The new type, which in its features resembles a feathery chrysanthemum, with longer petals, is called the fantasy chrysanthemum.

How to get chrysanthemum seeds

Chrysanthemum seeds are on sale, but you can collect them yourself. In this case, you should know:

1. Seeds from small simple and semi-double flowers are easier to collect and their germination is good, but large-flowered varieties are difficult to breed in this way, because they produce very little seed.
2. Quality seeds produce early and medium flowering chrysanthemums. In late flowering chrysanthemums, the seeds do not ripen.

So, in order to get seeds from the plant you like:

• we plant it in the spring in the garden as early as possible;
• water regularly, feed;
• stepchild;
• we make sure that from 5 to 8 stems remain on a small chrysanthemum, and no more than 3 on a large one;
• pinch, leaving only 1 bud on one stem. This improves the quality of the seeds and increases their number.

From plants that bloom in mid-summer, seeds are harvested while they are in the garden. With those that continue to bloom in the fall, you should do this:

1. Cover the bush with foil so that the flowers do not get wet if it is not possible to move it to the greenhouse.
2. Before freezing, transplant the chrysanthemum into a pot, bring it into the house and place it on a sunny windowsill. If the bush is grown in a greenhouse, then the receptacle can spoil the condensation. To prevent this from happening, protect it with gauze or agrofilm.
3. Collect seeds as soon as the baskets are brown. This usually happens in late November and early December. Do not be late, otherwise they will crumble themselves.

Important: if the petals of your chrysanthemum are so long that they cover the middle, then they must be trimmed as they grow. So the place where the seeds are located will be better illuminated and ventilated, which will prevent rotting.

Chrysanthemum from seed

Chrysanthemum seeds are grown in two ways:

• by sowing seeds directly into the ground;
• through growing seedlings.

Seedless way

This method is the most accessible and least labor-intensive, but there is one drawback - you can appreciate the fruits of your labor only at the very end of summer, before chrysanthemums will not bloom. If you are ready to wait so long, then in May prepare the garden bed, and then:

1. Make holes about 25 cm apart.
2. Sprinkle them with warm water.
3. Place seeds in each planting - no more than 3.
4. Sprinkle with soil on top.
5. Cover with agrofibre or plastic wrap if it's still pretty cold. As soon as the first shoots appear, remove the shelter.
6. Take care of the seedlings. Loosen and remove weeds.
7. Top up with a highly diluted liquid fertilizer.
8. Remove excess plants after 3 leaves appear, leaving only the strongest plants one at a time in the nest. Jail the rest.

We grow seedlings

In order for chrysanthemums grown from seeds to bloom at the right time, planting should begin no later than March, for which:

• we prepare trays with a side height of 6-8 centimeters;
• fill in the soil;
• lay out the seeds;
• sprinkle on top with clean river sand. Layer thickness no more than 1 cm;
• moisturize;
• cover with glass or tighten with foil;
• we stand until emergence at an average temperature of 18 degrees C. The seeds will sprout in about 2 weeks;
• remove the glass, put the trays on the windowsill;
• moisturize and feed, highlight;
• we dive;
• we put them in separate containers as soon as we see 3-4 real leaves;
• we transplant to a flower bed in May, keeping the distance between plants 15-20 cm and 30 cm between rows.

How to prepare the soil for planting chrysanthemums with seeds

The composition of the soil in which the seeds are sown is important. It consists of an equal amount:

• white peat;
• humus;
• greenhouse land sifted.

After mixing all these components, the soil should be disinfected. For this purpose, it is placed on a stove heated to 130 degrees C or in a water bath.

Seed-grown chrysanthemum care

Having decided to breed chrysanthemums with seeds, planting and caring for them should be given special attention in the first year.

What chrysanthemum loves

Having set yourself the task of growing a chrysanthemum from seeds, you should know the conditions under which flowers are obtained that are not inferior in their beauty to exhibition specimens. Please note that this plant prefers:

• places well lit by the sun and protected from the wind;
• the soil is fertile. Optimally - easily permeable loams. Acidity pH from 6 to 6.5;
• good drainage.

Features of young plants

In the first year after planting chrysanthemums with seeds, young plants differ slightly from older ones of the same variety:

• begins to bloom a week or two later;
• few cuttings;
• the flowers are larger.

Note: allows you to get strong chrysanthemum seeds, growing it in the form of one stem.

Seedling care

To achieve a good result, follow the rules for caring for chrysanthemum seedlings planted in the ground:

1. One young plant must cover an area of \u200b\u200bat least 250x250 mm.
2. The number of dressings in the summer months is at least 3. At the same time, mineral and organic fertilizers are alternated. Especially important are nitrogen fertilizers, both organic and mineral.

The rate of applied fertilizers per 1 sq. m:

• nitrogen - from 10 to 15 g;
• potash - from 10 to 16 g;
• phosphoric - from 15 to 20 g.

How to protect from disease

Unfortunately, sometimes plants are sick and damaged by various pests. Therefore, in order for the seeds of chrysanthemums, the photo of which is posted below, to turn into beautiful flowers, it is necessary to prevent and combat all these misfortunes:

1. When feeding, add a drug such as Fitosporin to the solution.
2. After rain, treat the bushes with Quadrix or another similar preparation to prevent fungal and viral infections.
3. For pests such as caterpillars, leaf rollers, use Ratibor, Fitoverm, Aktar.
4. If an aphid attacked or a spider mite appeared, then insecticides are used, but when you do not like to use chemistry in your garden, then there is also such a recipe:

• dissolve laundry soap in water;
• spray the plants.

Korean chrysanthemum

This flower is a frost-hardy hybrid. garden chrysanthemum... There are a lot of varieties of this species. They are also divided into groups according to some criteria:

1. The size of the inflorescences. If they are within 100 mm, then this is a small-flowered chrysanthemum. More - large-flowered.
2. In the form of flowers, they are single and double-row, pompom, double, half double.
3. By flowering - some bloom very early, others only at the end of summer or even in autumn.

Height:

• up to 0.3 m - curb or low;
• up to 0.5 m - medium;

The flowers, collectively called Korean chrysanthemum, are grown from seeds in the same way as other chrysanthemums. There are some differences in care, especially for globular representatives. To make the bush look beautiful in the form of a lush ball, you must:

• separate the top of 100-150 cm of young shoots;
• pinch off shoots that appear in the future;
• bushes that have bloomed - cut flush with the ground;
• stems, the remains of which have survived until spring, should be removed as soon as young shoots appear;
• plants must be replanted after a maximum of 3 years. In this case, the rhizomes are divided.

Consider: When growing Korean chrysanthemum from seeds, you should not expect to get an exact copy of the flower from which the seeds were collected. Most likely, the characteristics that distinguish the variety will not persist, but the plant will be strong and more adapted to local conditions.

The secrets associated with the cultivation of Korean chrysanthemums are shared by the author of this video:

Chrysanthemums are one of the favorite plants of flower growers. This is due not only to their excellent decorative appearance, but also comparatively easy care... They decorate any flower garden until late autumn.

Fine chrysanthemums (cultivation and care)

Growing chrysanthemums is not difficult even for inexperienced growers. Well-lit areas with fertile soil of average mechanical composition are suitable for them. The soil should not contain excess organic fertilizers. When choosing a place for chrysanthemums, remember that they do not tolerate stagnant water. This plant is distinguished by its cold resistance and drought resistance.

Chrysanthemums reproduce by cuttings and division of mother liquors. IN recent times the method of growing these flowers by sowing seeds in open ground and for seedlings has become increasingly used. Most often, this breeding method is used to breed rare varieties of chrysanthemums. Some experienced florists flowers are grown by sowing seeds before winter.

Chrysanthemums are considered quite resistant plants to diseases and pests, but despite this, they can be affected by:

• Powdery mildew, a sign of which is a white powdery coating on all parts of the plant. This disease requires the introduction enough phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, regular removal of old leaves and root watering without moisture entering the leaves.
• Nematodosis, in which light spots appear on the leaves, limited by veins. Then they turn black and dry. Control methods: soil treatment with steam, disinfection with formalin or carbothion. Sick bushes are kept in hot water (55 ° C) for 5 minutes. After this treatment, they are planted in disinfected soil.
• A field or meadow bug that feeds on plant juices. Control methods: spraying with various insecticides ("Karbofos", "Decis", "Fury").
• A spider mite that damages the leaves from the underside. Control methods: spraying with "Karbofos".

The following forms of chrysanthemums are grown in flower beds:

• Small-flowered, which have many shoots, crowned with numerous (up to 800 pcs.) Small inflorescences, 2-9 cm in diameter.
• Large-flowered, reaching a height of 1-1.2 meters. On their stems there are 1-10 large inflorescences.

Some growers use the biological characteristics of individual varieties of chrysanthemums to grow them in winter in room conditions... To receive flowering plants in January-March, late flowering varieties with a budding period of 12-14 weeks are used. This method of growing chrysanthemums is very costly as it uses additional lighting.

How to grow chrysanthemums from seeds in your area?

The cultivation of annual and perennial chrysanthemums has recently become more and more popular. They can be obtained by sowing seeds in open ground in late April or May. On the prepared beds, holes are made at intervals of 20-25 cm. Fill them with warm water and put 2-3 seeds each. The holes covered with earth are covered with a garden film. Thanks to it, the soil in the hole will be well heated and moistened, which contributes to the fastest germination of seeds.

When the first shoots appear, the shelter is removed. Caring for young chrysanthemums consists in regularly loosening the soil, removing weeds and applying additional fertilizing. A week after germination, they can be fed with liquid fertilizer, highly diluted with water. For this, drugs such as "Rainbow" and "Ideal" are suitable.

When the seedlings reach 5-10 cm in height, one plant is left in the hole. For this, the strongest specimens are chosen. The rest of the seedlings can be carefully removed from the ground and planted elsewhere. Chrysanthemums bloom 40-50 days after the seedlings appear.

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds using seedlings

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds can also be done through seedlings. In this case, flowering occurs much faster. Perennial chrysanthemums are grown only in this way. In February-March, seeds are sown in small boxes filled with nutritious soil. For its preparation, in equal proportions, you can take soil from a greenhouse, humus and peat. Before sowing the seeds, the soil mixture is sieved and steamed at a temperature of about 120 ° C. Ready-made soil for flowering plants is also suitable for seedlings.

Drainage must be poured at the bottom of the boxes (expanded clay, small stones, broken red brick). Wet soil is poured on top of it. Seeds are poured onto its surface.

At the same time, there is a strict rule for their termination:

• the seeds of annual chrysanthemums are sprinkled with a layer of soil of 0.5 cm;
• seed perennial varieties left on the surface of the soil, only pressing them with the palm of your hand.

The earth is moistened with a spray bottle. The boxes are covered with plastic wrap. They are placed in a warm place where the temperature is 23-25 \u200b\u200b° C. Crops are regularly checked, moistened and aired. The soil should not dry out. After 10-14 days, seedlings appear. After that, the boxes with seedlings are placed in a bright place.

When 2-4 leaves appear, the plants dive into cups or pots. This will protect the chrysanthemum root system from damage during transplantation. Seedlings that are very elongated and weakened are not suitable for diving. After completing this procedure, the plants are sprayed with a solution of "Zircon" or "Epin-Extra". These drugs help seedlings take root faster.

Caring for young chrysanthemums is simple. It consists in maintaining an optimal temperature of 16-18 ° C, regular watering and feeding. Plants are fertilized once every 2 weeks. If there is insufficient natural light, you may need additional. With proper care, seedlings reach 15-20 cm in height in 1.5 months. When the air outside warms up to 15-18 ° C, the plants are transferred to the greenhouse. After the end of the threat of spring frosts in May, chrysanthemums are planted in a permanent place. Immediately after landing on the flower beds, the tops of the seedlings are pinched. When the lateral shoots reach a length of 15-20 cm, the pinching is repeated. Thanks to this procedure, dense, compact bushes are obtained, strewn with numerous inflorescences.

Cutting and dividing the chrysanthemum bush

The main way of reproduction of chrysanthemums is considered vegetative - cuttings. The breeding process begins with the selection of the best mother plants. After flowering, they are dropped in greenhouses or planted in boxes and left in a cool, dry place with normal lighting. Then vernalization is carried out - the content of mother liquors at a temperature of 1-4 ° C for 2-4 weeks. Then they are brought into a warm, well-lit room. After that, root shoots begin to actively grow on the mother plants. It is cut into cuttings when 2-3 internodes are formed. They are planted in prepared boxes. Optimum temperature for their development is 16-18 ° C.

Reproduction by dividing the bush is less productive, but the easiest. Small-flowered chrysanthemums are most often used for division. The bushes are transplanted after 2 years, dividing them into several parts with young shoots.

Growing chrysanthemums at home (video)

How to grow a chrysanthemum and take proper care of it? Let's look at the whole process of growing chrysanthemums in the garden or at home from planting to beautifully blooming garden in the country in compliance with all conditions.

Chrysanthemum is a perennial or annual ornamental flowering plant of the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family. At the moment, the genus has more than 150 plant species, which are divided into 13 groups according to the type of inflorescences. Most species grow in temperate regions, in the northern regions Globe, mainly in North and Central Asia.

Conditions for planting chrysanthemums.

Depending on the variety, chrysanthemums differ in terms of flowering time, color, shape, size and structure of inflorescences. Typically, chrysanthemums are grown as garden plants, but there are species that are used in indoor gardening. The height of chrysanthemums, depending on the variety, can be from 35 cm to 1.5 meters.

Plants delight not only with their variety of shapes and color of inflorescences, being a real decoration of a garden or a personal plot, but also with unpretentiousness and long flowering, which lasts from the end of summer until the onset of the first stable frosts.

How to choose a landing site?

When growing chrysanthemums, it is very important to choose the right place for planting. Plants grow best in open, well-lit, protected areas of the garden, with insufficient lighting, the shoots of chrysanthemums are strongly elongated, inflorescences can become smaller and flowering times are violated. Chrysanthemums are short-day plants, so the length of the light period affects the formation of inflorescences.

The soil on the site should be fertile, rich in nutrients, loose, well-drained, breathable and have a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. Some plant varieties can grow in shady areas, but flowering may occur later.

When to plant chrysanthemums?

Chrysanthemums are planted in spring, when the soil warms up enough and the danger of night frosts has passed, while it is best to grow plants in cloudy weather. Before planting, in the fall or in a few weeks, you need to prepare and improve the quality of the soil on the site by applying mineral, organic or complex fertilizers. Experienced gardeners when digging the soil, it is recommended to add sand and high moor peat.

Plant seedlings are planted in pre-prepared planting pits or holes, on the bottom of which a drainage layer is laid, a small amount of sand is poured and sawdust... The distance between the holes should be at least 35-50 cm, depending on the variety of plants. To create an optimal microclimate and faster rooting, the cuttings are covered with a covering material.

Reproduction of chrysanthemums.

Chrysanthemums are propagated by dividing the bush, side cuttings or seeds. For propagation by cuttings, young shoots, which are about 20 cm long, are separated from an adult plant in spring and planted in a nutritious soil mixture in flower containers, spilling well with water. Cuttings can be obtained in the fall, after the plants have faded. Subject to all conditions, the cuttings take root well and quickly begin to grow and develop. The rooting process takes about two months. The division of the bush is carried out in the spring.

The process of growing chrysanthemums from seeds is simple, the main thing is to observe the main temperature conditions and the advice of the article. Seeds are sown in late spring or early summer in open ground. You can put 2-3 seeds in each hole. In order for flowering to occur in early autumn, you can sow seeds in early March in flower containers.

After the appearance of the first shoots, the plants are picked into separate pots of small diameter, followed by planting chrysanthemums in open ground in early May. Using this breeding method, flowering can occur in July-August.

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds.

• To grow chrysanthemums with seeds, you need ordinary soil from the garden plot, preferably with an admixture of peat and sand,
• Several dozen separate containers for seedlings (the number of cups for planting chrysanthemums depends on your desire for a beautiful garden) or one large container,
• Daylight lamp,
• Watering can, water spray,
• Glass for covering and creating a favorable microenvironment.

Correct sowing of chrysanthemum seeds.

First you need to decide on the sowing. For annual chrysanthemums, you can sow seeds in mid-April and plant them in open ground at positive temperatures at night (about mid-May). As for perennial crops, we plant seeds in January, caring for them by watering them with fertilizers.

Sowing chrysanthemums with seeds is carried out in the cultivated soil (to prevent diseases, we calcine or freeze the soil, for this case, I have a supply on the balcony from one pool of earth, which freezes well in winter).

When frozen, the land remains a natural breeding ground for crops. After calcining, the soil needs to be well fertilized; after heat treatment, it becomes "unusable".

In the soil we make small channels into which the seeds will be poured, pour under 2-3 seeds at a distance of 10 centimeters from each other, so it will be easier to plant after the chrysanthemum seedlings germinate. After planting the seeds, sprinkle a little earth ( upper layer soil should not exceed 1 centimeter), spray a little water and cover with glass for one week, until the first flowers appear.

After growing chrysanthemums from seeds for a week, they will need a lot of light, a fluorescent lamp is ideal for this. The temperature for growing seedlings should be cool, about 18-20 degrees. If the windows overlook sunny side and the light hits the sprouts for at least 6-8 hours, then the lamp can be abandoned.

Proper chrysanthemum care and watering.

Now let's look at caring for chrysanthemums and the watering process. Chrysanthemums are moisture-loving plants, so it is very important to ensure regular watering, especially for young plants, and to prevent the earthen coma from drying out for a long time. Water the plants at the root using settled water room temperature... In order to retain moisture, the soil is mulched around the plant bushes.

For normal growth and development, plants need regular feeding. Nitrogen-containing nutrient mixtures promote plant growth and development, phosphorus and potassium nutrients affect the duration of flowering and the beauty of inflorescences. Plants respond well to organic matter, but it is better to use rotted manure or chicken droppings.

During the season, depending on the condition of the soil, three or four additional dressings are carried out. In addition, preventive treatments with insecticidal and fungicidal preparations are carried out several times to prevent the development of diseases and damage by pests. Aphids, gray rot, snails, slugs, spider mite, scale insects, fungal infections.

During the growth period of the bush, old leaves are cut off and the faded inflorescences are removed so that the plants do not waste energy and nutrients on the maturation of the seeds. Tall varieties must be tied to supports, since plant stems can break under the weight of inflorescences or from strong winds. Well, in order to form a beautiful bush, you can carry out a small pruning in the spring, shortening all long and highly developed shoots by a third.

Almost all varieties of chrysanthemums tolerate winter well, but it is still recommended to take care of shelter in the first year. After the plants have faded, the stems are shortened, leaving no more than 25 cm, the plants are spud and covered with any covering material after the onset of stable frosts. Fallen, dry leaves, wood ash, straw, compost, spruce branches can be used as a covering material.

In one place without a transplant, without losing their decorative effect, chrysanthemums can grow for five years. Every three to four years, adult bushes are divided, and the cuttings are planted in pre-fertilized and prepared soil. Be sure to share the article with your friends in social networks and subscribe to fresh secrets.

There are several varieties of these flowers in my flower collection. And I really love all the chrysanthemum bushes and try to take care of them. But now the time has come to propagate one of the bushes, and I have always done this in two ways: by cuttings or sometimes by dividing the mother plants.

And the last time I decided to try to propagate chrysanthemum seeds. Today I will tell you how to plant it correctly, and how to further care for the plants.

Chrysanthemum is considered one of the most popular autumn garden flowers, decorating flower beds with its many flowers, when almost all other garden plants have not only faded, but the foliage has already been thrown off. There are about 150 species in the world.

Chrysanthemum is grown both indoors and on fresh air, in the open field. In the latter case, mainly Korean or ground chrysanthemum is grown.

1. In nature, it grows in many countries and continents: North America, Asia, China and Europe. In culture, you can see flowering bushes from September to October both in private plantings and in city flower beds.
2. There are several classifications. There is still no one. By seed method both annual varieties and perennials can be grown. By the time of flowering, the plant is divided into early, middle and late. It is better to grow early varieties of chrysanthemums from seeds, since the later ones may not have time to bloom.
3. According to the structure of the flower, chrysanthemums are divided into simple and double. If the conditions of care and growing are suitable for the flower, then more than 100 inflorescences can form on one.
4. Depending on the variety, the height of the shrub varies from 30 cm to 1.10 m. The larger and larger the shrub, the more magnificent its crown and more numerous flowering.
5. The root system has a branched structure and deepens into the soil by 20 - 30 cm. For planting in personal plots, hybrid varieties are often used, which are much easier to tolerate temperature changes, cold winters and attacks of harmful insects. The flowering period of such chrysanthemums is longer.
6. The most common types are: Alpine, Crowned, Kelevataya, Shrub, Chinese and Korean.

Chrysanthemum seed growing technology

The method is not very popular, since often the grown young plant is very different from the mother plant. But subject to the rules of agricultural technology, it may well become the pride of a florist, because it will be in a single copy.

The procedure for growing with seeds is slightly different for annual and perennial chrysanthemums. Let's consider in more detail.

Growing annual chrysanthemums from seeds

• Late spring planting material can be planted directly into open soil. Pre-clear the area from weeds. Next, dig holes at intervals of 20 - 30 cm.
• Pour warm water into each hole, wait until the soil is well saturated. Then add 2 to 3 seeds each.
• Sprinkle a little earth on top. Cover the entire planting with a film for the first time so that shoots appear faster and the soil preserves better required amount moisture.
• Remove the cover periodically to ventilate the seedlings. And as soon as the shoots grow a little, the film can be removed. Then weed well and moisten the soil.
• At this time, the emerging seedlings need fertilization. A diluted liquid fertilizer such as Rainbow or Ideal will do.
• When the shoots stretch to about 10 cm, and there are 3 - 4 healthy adult leaves, then leave only the healthiest ones in the hole, you can simply get rid of the weak ones. Transfer some to another place.

The disadvantage of this method is that the flowering period occurs quite late - only in the first half of August. When you want the bush to start blooming earlier, it is better to use seedling method... This is how perennial chrysanthemums are most often grown.

Growing perennial chrysanthemums by seedlings

Experienced gardeners recommend planting small-flowered Korean chrysanthemums, several varieties of annuals and most perennials by this method. Seeds are best planted in January. Then the flowering period will come much earlier.

Seed and soil preparation

Hold the planting material in advance for a while in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then dry it. So you will save future plants from infection with fungal infections and other diseases.

1. For the seed sowing procedure, you will need containers or other containers for seedlings, lids or glass to create a greenhouse, a watering can with a narrow spout, a lamp for additional lighting, and a prepared soil mixture.
2. Ordinary garden soil is suitable as a soil. If the composition is too heavy, then it can be diluted with equal parts of peat and river sand.
3. There is another option: 2 parts of leafy land, 1 part of humus and 1 part of sand.
4. The soil must be disinfected and disinfected, since these plants are often exposed to various infections and viruses, such as powdery mildew or gray rot. To leave a maximum of useful substances, it is better to freeze it. Some people ignite the soil in the oven at a temperature of +110 - 130 degrees or pour boiling water over the soil.

Planting seedlings

• Before planting, it is imperative to put a drainage layer in containers, which will allow excess moisture not to stagnate in the root system. Expanded clay, gravel or small stones are suitable. Sometimes small pieces of foam are used.
• When you want to grow the seeds of small-flowered varieties of chrysanthemums, it is enough to place them on the surface of the prepared moistened substrate.
• Sprinkle on top with a very small amount of sand. You need to moisten it with a rain method so that the seeds do not go deep into the ground.
• Put a lid on top of the container or install a glass. This will save the desired temperature regime and the level of humidity in such a greenhouse. Seedlings will appear faster.
• The seed will be covered for about 10 days. If the planting took place in January or February, then there will be little sun for seedlings, so you need to install lamps. Daylight hours should be at least 10 hours.
• In the room where the seedlings should emerge, it is better to maintain the same temperature around the clock - 23-25 \u200b\u200bdegrees Celsius. This will be enough for the chrysanthemums.
• When several adult leaves appear, feed the plant with complex mineral fertilizer. Organic use is not recommended until the first inflorescences appear. Otherwise, all the forces go to the formation of the crown, and not the flowers.
• When the first shoots sprout, then put the containers in a well-lit place, gradually remove the shelter for an increasing period of time. This will allow young plants to get used to normal temperatures without stress.

Picking

When from 2 to 4 real adult leaves appear, the seedlings are seated in separate pots or cups. Very carefully you need to handle the delicate roots so as not to damage them. To do this, before diving, the soil in the container must be very well moistened.

Experienced flower growers advise to select the largest and healthiest seedlings, and remove the weak and those that did not drop the seed box. When replanting in separate containers, use the same soil mixture. Although it is possible to purchase and universal for flowers in a garden store.

Try to arrange the plants so that the distance between them is sufficient for the penetration of air masses and light. Next, treat the soil with Epin - Extra or Zircon solution. It will help the seedlings adapt in the shortest possible time, and will also help them develop and grow faster.

If too tall shoots appear, then pinch the top. This will form a chrysanthemum bush.

Planting seedlings in open ground

1. In the second decade of May, seedlings can be planted in open soil. If the variety is large-flowered, then the plant should not be left in the first year for the winter months. Better to plant them separately, in a place where groundwater does not flow too close to the soil surface.
2. For small-flowered varieties, planting of seedlings is carried out immediately to a permanent place. Dig holes 30x30 cm in size. After planting, constantly moisten the soil until the young bushes take root.

You need to be prepared for the fact that chrysanthemums grown in this way often lose their varietal characteristics. Flowers can be of a different shade.

Care

The main thing is to further water the plants on time, to maintain the necessary lighting for a sufficient time. Apply fertilizers at least 1 time in 7 days. At first, the seedlings grow rather slowly. But after 4 - 6 weeks, their length reaches at least 20 cm.

When the last residual night frosts are gone, the seedlings can be planted in a permanent place. The prepared area should have a lot of sun, fertile soil and no dampness.

Conclusion

• Depending on the variety you choose, you can grow chrysanthemums from seeds. Plant annuals immediately in open soil, but it is advisable to plant perennials using pre-grown seedlings.
• Plant the seeds in January or the first half of February. In this case, flowering will begin earlier. Seeds and soil must be disinfected before planting.
• Seedling care is not difficult at all. The main thing is enough moisture, light and regular feeding. Plants should not be overfilled as they do not like stagnant water.

How to care for a room chrysanthemum

Growing indoor chrysanthemum at home is not easy enough - it loves cool rooms with a temperature of no more than 18 ° C. At temperatures above +25 ° C, the flowers will dry out, and the flowering period itself will be shortened. Indoor chrysanthemums should be watered regularly and kept slightly moist. For chrysanthemums, you need to take a well-lit place, but without constant sunlight. The best period for this plant to bloom is autumn, when the daylight hours are short enough.
For the growth of side shoots and the development of additional buds on them, the chrysanthemum must be pinched periodically. This will give the flower even more splendor during flowering. And vice versa, if a lot of buds are formed on the plant, but they do not open for a long time, then some of the inflorescences need to be removed, this will enable the peduncles to gain more nutrients and the buds will open faster and their size will increase. During this period, constant feeding is necessary. And for the winter, the flower must be cut and removed to a cooler place with a temperature of 3 ° C.

Growing chrysanthemums at home

The types of chrysanthemums bred today amaze with the richness of the color of the inflorescences and the abundance of flowering, the unusual structure of chamomile and double flowers. At the same time, breeders around the world are creating more and more new varieties of chrysanthemums with excellent decorative performance.
At a time when nature begins to prepare for winter, chrysanthemums begin to amaze and delight gardeners with the splendor of bright opening inflorescences. Therefore, the cultivation of these plants at home is so popular. Growing plants in indoor conditions is not particularly difficult, chrysanthemums propagate by cuttings, grow and bloom remarkably. If we compare chrysanthemums with exotic indoor flowers, then breeding these flowers at home is very difficult. Chrysanthemums are not demanding on keeping conditions, they are resistant to diseases and pests. Amazing property chrysanthemums are their medicinal properties.

A flowering plant attracts the eye with abundance beautiful flowers and interesting bluish color openwork leaves... Chrysanthemum cheers up everyone who looks at it, an infusion of chrysanthemum leaves is able to save from the development of periodontal disease. Chrysanthemum, due to its ability to release bactericidal substances by leaves, improves the microclimate of the apartment, purifies the air. Chrysanthemum easily withstands the dry air of a city apartment. That is why cultivation of flowers at home allows even a non-professional florist to have this plant.
Resistant varieties of chrysanthemums allow year-round growing of plants at home. Cuttings planted in a pot, with proper care, can bloom in a couple of months. Grow flowers indoors in a small container no more than 9 centimeters in diameter. And as it grows, transplant the chrysanthemum into a larger container, 13 centimeters in size. A grown plant can be combined in one pot, planting 5 or more pieces. You can already take pots here large sizes 18-30 centimeters in diameter.

When cultivating plants indoors, select the size of containers depending on the number of plants. Plant chrysanthemum bushes at the same distance from the pot and from each other. The area for each plant should be the same and sufficient to feed the root system. If, when growing chrysanthemums, varieties with in different colors the effect of the flowering result will be even more impressive.

It is very important to note the fact that in industrial floriculture, chrysanthemums are grown using special chemicalsthat slow down the growth of chrysanthemums, so that the plant remains not tall. However, it does not lose its ability to abundant flowering... Cultivation of chrysanthemums at home without the use of such additives leads to the fact that new cuttings of the same chrysanthemum grow taller and, accordingly, less decorative. Therefore, in order for the chrysanthemum to be more lush, it is pinched as it develops, for the growth of lateral shoots. New inflorescences will develop on the lateral processes. For small chrysanthemums, two or three pinches are carried out to form a bush. Growing Indian large-flowered chrysanthemums using the formation of a stem by pinching the upper shoots, you can get a plant in the form of standard trees (with mandatory support, otherwise the thin stem will break under the weight of the crown).

Quite a lot has been written about chrysanthemums, and it would seem that adding something new is difficult. However, the topic that I want to offer the readers of the journal, in my opinion, has not yet been popularized enough and is considered mainly in scientific literature.

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds:

Today I will share my experience of growing chrysanthemums from seeds. Over the course of ten years, I have been purchasing queen cells, cuttings of chrysanthemums and, as a result, have assembled a collection of 76 varieties. Over the past 3-4 years, I myself have managed to breed about 50 new promising forms of chrysanthemums. The fact is that I want to get a variety with inflorescences, in which long-tubular flowers predominate and there is only one row of reed flowers.

In the modern garden classification, varieties with similar inflorescences are called anemone, but to me personally, in shape, they rather resemble aster inflorescences of the Chinese Princess or Pomponnaya groups. Of all the forms I received, only six samples fully meet my requirements for the shape of the inflorescence. All the rest, standing out for their high decorativeness in color and degree of terry, unfortunately, in the shape of the inflorescence do not correspond to the standard I need.

Modern varieties of chrysanthemums, united by the common name of garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x hortorum hort. Bailey), are complex hybrids obtained as a result of numerous crosses of the Indian chrysanthemum (Ch. Indium L.) with the mulberry chrysanthemum (Ch. Morifolium Ramat).

Due to heterozygosity, plants grown from seeds, splitting according to a number of hereditary traits, for the most part do not retain the qualities inherent in the mother. Therefore, the literature indicates that seed reproduction of chrysanthemums is used to breed new varieties. Indeed, only 5-10% of seedlings retain the characteristics of the parent variety, the rest differ to a greater or lesser extent from the original. Some of the resulting plants lose most of their decorative qualities, others - lose high doubleness, in others, the diameter of the inflorescence decreases. But along with this, a significant part of the plants acquires features that are of certain interest to the grower - a new color, original shape or doubleness of inflorescences. Promising seedlings with the necessary decorative characteristics can be easily propagated vegetatively - by dividing the bush or cuttings. In this case, all acquired features are inherited.

In my opinion, the most variable features are the terry, size and color of inflorescences. Plant height, leaf size and flowering time vary slightly, although noticeable variation is possible. For me, as an amateur florist, the most valuable thing is to change the terry and color of the inflorescences. Breeders engaged in the breeding of industrial varieties, in addition to these decorative qualities, are also interested in purely economic characteristics - resistance to certain diseases and weather conditions, transportability of cut flowers, etc. These features, as a rule, are not important for amateur flower growers who want to get a unique a variety of chrysanthemums, distinguished by the originality of color or the shape of the inflorescence, which may deserve the recognition of flower growers.
In the seed reproduction of chrysanthemums, the most difficult thing is to get ripe germinating seeds. For this, in the conditions of Ukraine, mainly early flowering varieties are suitable, to a lesser extent - medium flowering varieties. In late flowering chrysanthemums, seeds do not ripen even in greenhouse conditions. The easiest way to get seeds is from small-flowered species; large-flowered seeds do not tie well. Nai large quantity seeds (from one inflorescence) give varieties with non-double and semi-double inflorescences. In my practice, unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to obtain seeds from large-flowered varieties with strongly double inflorescences.

Plants intended for seed collection should be planted as early as possible. Further care is usual - weeding and loosening, fertilizing and spraying, pinching and pinching. It is advisable to grow large-flowered varieties of chrysanthemums in 2-3, and small-flowered varieties in 5-8 stems. At the same time, only one inflorescence is left on one stem, which contributes to an increase in the quantity and quality of seeds. It is also necessary to promptly remove axillary shoots - the so-called stepchildren.

Chrysanthemum seed plants are pinched once, removing only the spring bud. Since each pinch delays the flowering period by several days, the first crown bud is used for seed purposes, not the second, since our goal is to obtain seeds, not a long-stem cut.

In early autumn, when most chrysanthemums are blooming, and some varieties are already fading, prolonged rains and cold fogs often occur, which can cause rotting of corollas in inflorescences (especially strongly doubled ones). To prevent moisture from entering the inflorescence, it is advisable to install a light cover from the film over the plants. If possible, it is advisable to immediately transfer the chrysanthemums to the greenhouse. In the absence of a greenhouse, the plants are left in the open ground until the onset of frost, then the testes must be transplanted into containers and placed in a warm, dry, well-lit room (veranda, glazed balcony) for growing. If the plant is short, it can be placed on a windowsill.

The inflorescences of plants grown in the greenhouse must be protected from dew (condensation). To do this, just pull a piece of gauze or agrofilm over the testes. Varieties that have inflorescences with long corollas, as well as densely doubled ones, need to be "trimmed". This procedure consists in partial (40-50%) shortening of the petals, thereby preventing decay, improving ventilation and illumination of the flower and receptacle where the seeds are located.

In room conditions or in a greenhouse, seeds ripen in November-December. In open ground conditions, in some cases, the seeds of chrysanthemums blooming in August have time to ripen. The seeds of new varieties, which are weakly sensitive to the length of daylight hours, ripen well in the soil. Such chrysanthemums can bloom at any time of the year. Naturally, in plants that bloom in spring and summer, seeds ripen in the open field without additional maintenance.

Chrysanthemum fruits are small ribbed achenes, a sign of harvesting ripeness of seeds is the browning of the baskets. In most varieties, when ripe, the seeds crumble easily, so you should not be late in harvesting. If there is no desire or opportunity to grow own seeds, can be purchased ready-made. There are various chrysanthemum seeds on the market today, mostly F1 hybrids (not to be confused with annual chrysanthemum seeds). Plants grown from these seeds are highly uniform in a variety of traits.

Seeds for seedlings are best sown in February-March in shallow (6-8 cm) boxes with loose nutrient soil (I sowed them several times in April-May, while the resulting plants were no worse than plants from early crops). You can buy an earth mix in a specialized store or prepare it yourself. For chrysanthemum seeds, I prepare a substrate from equal parts of sifted greenhouse soil, high (white) peat and humus, and then I steam it (it can be ignited at a temperature of 120-130 ° C) for disinfection. I fill the planting boxes with soil mixture and spread the seeds on top. Then I cover them with a layer (7-9 mm) of clean sifted river sand or vermiculite. I moisten the crops and cover with glass. At a temperature of 16-19 ° C, seedlings appear in 10-12 days.

Further care for chrysanthemum seedlings is the same as for other seedlings flower crops, - watering, feeding, supplementary lighting, picking. I dive the seedlings when 3-4 real leaves appear on them. You can dive into boxes, cups or cassettes. It is best to immediately unpack it on the shelves in the greenhouse. I use the same soil mixture as for seeds.

In May, young plants are planted in the ground according to the 15x30 cm scheme, which is much less than the generally accepted norms, since some of the plants will definitely be culled as they grow and bloom. Such a landing scheme can significantly reduce the area occupied by the experimental site.

Summer-autumn care for seed-propagated chrysanthemums does not differ from caring for ordinary plants. In order not to weaken a young plant, it is advisable to grow chrysanthemums in a single-stem form in the first year.

Usually, chrysanthemums obtained from seeds in the year of sowing often have larger inflorescences, but the plants themselves are much lower, bloom 7-12 days later than those obtained from seeds in subsequent years, and also form a small number of cuttings. Despite this, in the first year it is possible to give an assessment to a particular variety specimen, it can be assessed by its decorative qualities.

So, with patience and with a minimum of effort and money, you can create your own, even if not yet a variety, but a sample of chrysanthemum.

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds and caring for chrysanthemums at home will be described further

How to grow chrysanthemums from seeds correctly

The most productive and in a quality way The reproduction of chrysanthemums is cuttings. The mothers are selected during the mass flowering of the plant. For this, the best specimens are noted for varietal characteristics, growth strength, not affected by diseases and pests. In the fall, before frosting, they are carefully dug out without damaging the roots and transplanted into large, 30 cm flowerpots.

Small-flowered chrysanthemums can be transplanted at any stage of development, so the transplanted plants can also be used to decorate buildings.

After flowering, the chrysanthemums are cut and stored in a cold room or unheated greenhouse. The optimum temperature for winter storage is 5-6 ° C. The best terms for cuttings are March, April, but if you need to get more cuttings, you need to start cutting chrysanthemums in February.

7-10 days after the transfer of the mother liquors to a warmer room, root growth begins to appear. The old mass of stems is removed, trying not to leave stumps above the ground. Shoots grown on the old lignified part of the bush are unsuitable for propagation by cuttings, since the plant that has grown from such cuttings is inferior. Cuttings with at least four leaves are cut from the shoots from the root shoot. The cut is made under the knot or in the middle of the internode.

With a limited number of mother plants of one variety, cuttings can be cut off for 1-2 weeks and stored in damp paper in the refrigerator, and then planted for rooting all at the same time. This method makes it possible to obtain a well-aligned planting material. Various soil mixtures, pure vermiculite or vermiculite with sand are used as a substrate for rooting cuttings. Observations have shown that the best results are obtained by rooting them in perlite.
Cuttings are rooted in greenhouses on racks or in picking boxes filled with perlite. Before starting, perlite is disinfected with a weak manganese solution. Cut cuttings are planted to a depth of 1-2 cm. Cuttings can be planted quite densely - up to 100 pieces in a standard picking box. Rooting in perlite is faster than in other substrates - in 1-2 weeks, depending on the variety.

Caring for rooted cuttings consists of daily spraying and watering. The stalk can be considered rooted as soon as its growth becomes noticeable. There are no nutrients in perlite, so it is necessary to feed the rooted chrysanthemums once or twice with a solution of nitrogen fertilizers in April, May. By the time of planting in the ground (in our conditions, this is the end of April - the beginning of May), cuttings rooted in perlite, outwardly look worse than those that rooted in an earthen mixture, but root system they have developed 1.5-2 times more powerful. After landing on a permanent place in the ground at equal conditions they take root faster and outrun plants rooted in an earthen mixture in growth and development. The yield of cuttings from one mother bush depends on the characteristics of the variety. Some varieties, such as "Triumphalnaya", "Pink generosity", "November Zone", "Canary", can get up to 100 cuttings from each mother plant. Relatively low productivity of the varieties "Kievlyanka", "Autumn" - less than 20-30 pieces.

Rooting of cuttings can also be carried out in the summer. Summer terms provide more early flowering chrysanthemums next year. In early August, shoots without buds are cut from plants in open ground for cuttings. On the shoots, as with winter cuttings, there should be 2-3 pairs of leaves. They can be planted in a greenhouse or in boxes that are previously covered with foil or glass.

At the end of September, the plants are planted in pots and kept in a bright room in winter at a temperature of 6-8 ° C. Flowering in this case begins the next year in June - July, and chrysanthemums even have time to ripen seeds. Before planting in the ground in a permanent place, both rooted cuttings and seedlings must be hardened. To do this, boxes with seedlings for the day need to be taken out of the greenhouse to a place protected from the wind with light partial shade. After three to four days of such hardening, the plants will get stronger, become more hardy.

Chrysanthemum. Growing and care

Chrysanthemums are very light-requiring and demanding on the soil, they prefer open, sunny areas, protected from strong winds, with good drainage... They grow better on loamy, easily permeable, organic-rich soils with a pH of 6-6.5. Sandy or clay soil improve with manure, peat, compost soil. The minimum feeding area for young plants is 25 x 25 cm. summer period carry out at least 3 dressings alternately organic and mineral fertilizers... On average, 1 sq. m. make 10-15 g of nitrogen, 15-20 g of phosphorus and 10-16 g of potassium fertilizers (preferably in the form of solutions). After planting, to stimulate vegetative growth, chrysanthemums should be regularly fed with nitrogen fertilizers, both mineral and organic.

Top dressing is applied every 10-14 days. In the budding stage (August-September), potash and phosphorus fertilizers must be applied simultaneously with nitrogen fertilizers, which affect the brightness of the color of the inflorescences and the strength of the peduncle. Fertilizers are applied to moist soil after rain or watering. Mineral fertilizers, getting on the leaves of chrysanthemums, cause them a severe burn. Therefore, you need to be careful. Chrysanthemums do not tolerate a lack of atmospheric and soil moisture. With irregular watering, their stems become lignified, and the quality and preservation of flowers deteriorate; make sure that water does not fall on the leaves when watering. At the end of the growing season or before a cold snap, the bushes are cut off and sprinkled with peat, sawdust or earth with a layer of about 20 cm, you can use spruce branches. Small-flowered chrysanthemums tolerate wintering well in the ground. However, moisture should not be allowed to accumulate in the wintering place of chrysanthemums. If the chrysanthemum bushes are located in a dry place, then they will not freeze.

Chrysanthemum plants can grow in one place for no more than 5 years, for plants growing in one place, for several years, decorativeness decreases: inflorescences are crushed, shoots are strongly stretched, the color fades. To avoid this, it is necessary in a year or two to divide the bushes and plant the cuttings in the previously dug and fertilized soil.

The stalks of chrysanthemums are fragile and easily breakable, so all chrysanthemums of tall varieties must be tied to stakes or to a trellis. As the plants grow, the garter is repeated. Use a thick twine or soft wire... The main method of reproduction is vegetative: division of the bush and cuttings. The division of the bush can be carried out at any time, even during the flowering period. However, it is recommended to propagate varieties in early summer, when the intensive growth of young shoots begins. Well-grown root shoots are dug up together with the remains of the old bush and young shoots with roots are separated. Each such de-lenka gives rise to a new plant. Delenki are planted in pre-prepared, composted pits at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other and watered abundantly. Most effective method reproduction - cuttings, since chrysanthemums are easily rooting plants, and varieties with thick fleshy stems and shoots take root worse than varieties with thin and woody shoots.

In autumn, the selected chrysanthemums are cut, dug up, transplanted into boxes or pots, watered, allowed to take root, and then placed in a cool, bright room, where they are kept until February at a temperature of 4-6 ° C with moderate watering. In February, they are brought into a warmer room, watered abundantly, after 2 weeks they are fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers (20 g per bucket of water). The best propagation period is March-April. Duration of rooting is 12-20 days.

The rooted cuttings are planted in boxes or pots with nutritious soil and upon reaching a height of 15 cm, their first pinching is carried out (removal of the growth bud), the second pinching is carried out when the lateral shoots reach a length of 12-15 cm. 2 dressings alternately with organic (mullein 1: 10) and mineral fertilizers. For 10-14 days before planting in a permanent place, plants must go through a hardening period. Rooted cuttings begin to be planted in late May - early June, when the danger of the last late spring frosts has passed. Chrysanthemums can be cut not only in early spring, but also in summer. Root shoots or young are used as cuttings side shootsgrowing on old stems. Cuttings 5-7 cm long are planted in pots or boxes with sand or nutrient soil, well moistened and covered with a glass jar.

Chrysanthemums, grown from both early and late cuttings, bloom almost simultaneously. The timing of grafting noticeably affects only the height of the bush. Very tall plants are produced from early cuttings. With sufficient watering and nutrition, the plants reach normal height. Chrysanthemums suffer from early autumn frosts. It happens that after 1-2 frosty nights warm weather sets in. If for the time of frost the chrysanthemum bushes are covered with burlap, plastic wrap or paper, the flowers will be saved and will be able to delight with their beauty for a long time.

After cutting the chrysanthemums, the old stems are cut as low as possible to the soil surface, cleaned of dry and diseased leaves. With the onset of the first frosts (-2-4 ° C), these bushes are covered with spruce branches and dry leaves. In early spring, before the shoots of renewal begin to grow, all the foliage is removed on last year's plants.

growing chrysanthemums from seeds, how to grow chrysanthemums from seeds, caring for chrysanthemums at home

Autumn garden decoration - chrysanthemums, this is a real joy for most summer residents. Already many plants are suitable only to cover the beds with their dry tops, and your flower beds continue to burn with gold. Of course, growing chrysanthemums outdoors is a very attractive experience that definitely won't hurt any grower. A bright, unpretentious flower with a tart smell is a generous gift from nature that will allow you to extend your summer days.

Choice number one

Among all the variety of garden flowers, chrysanthemum stands out. The selection of varieties is simply amazing, and each of them is very beautiful in its own way. No wonder she is called the queen of autumn. Today we will talk about how chrysanthemums are grown in the open field. It's not too hard bright flowers will willingly grow in almost any conditions. Having correctly composed the composition, you will enjoy the colorful splendor for many years in a row.

Varieties and varieties

Lush, fragrant inflorescences can not only add variety to the garden plot, they also change the life of the gardener. According to legend, they inspire optimism even in the saddest person. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field is a magical activity, and it is almost impossible to stop in the choice of forms. Every time you buy another bag of seeds, you are surprised at the magnificent color of flowers, their durability, plant height, leaf shape, degree of terry. Moreover, over and over again purchasing sets of seeds of different varieties, you can be sure that they will not be repeated.

If you want to see a really bright and elegant flower bed, then you definitely need to combine different varieties and shapes with each other. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is the same no matter which heads will delight you in the fall. The combination of curb and tall bushes in the background looks best.

Seat selection

Excellent growth and lush bloom - it all depends only on you. Chrysanthemum is not very demanding, but very thermophilic plant. First of all, you need to choose a suitable place for her. It must be remembered that these flowers do not tolerate moisture retention and do not tolerate darkened areas very well. Therefore, the lowlands are more likely places for lily of the valley. Choose open, sunny areas that are slightly elevated. Dampness will cause the plants to die in winter, and lack of light will deform the green part.

Growing chrysanthemums in the open field for sale is even more interesting, since in the spring the plots disperse like hot cakes. However, the requirements for the conditions in this case are even higher. After all, you definitely need to get good result... For excellent flowering and vigorous growth, the plant simply needs good soil... Only the optimal composition of trace elements will allow you to get powerful bushes with excellent heads. They love loose and permeable soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, if you want to prepare a place for plants in advance, dig up landing pit, cover the drainage and humus, on top - good, fresh soil. And during the warm period, be sure to make seasonal feeding. However, you should not be zealous. With an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, the plant heals. You will have huge bushes without flowers.

Sale of cut flowers

This is a very lucrative business, so it is worth considering if you are seriously interested in growing chrysanthemums outdoors. Features of the variety Valentina Tereshkova, Alec Bedser suggest the formation of large inflorescences. Huge flowers on strong stems can keep fresh for a long time in vases.

And they just continue to delight us bright colors even after the onset of cold weather. Here it is necessary to clarify: the warmer the climate, the easier it will be to grow such hybrids. Quite the opposite is the case in regions with a harsh climate. Where can you organize the cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field without any problems? The Kirov region with a mild climate, without sudden fluctuations, is ideal. Here you don't have to stress the plants every time, dig them up in the fall and plant them again in the spring. Thanks to this, the bushes respond with amazing flowering.

In Siberia, large-flowered chrysanthemums are planted in large pots, which are dug into the ground for the summer. With the onset of autumn cold weather, they are transferred to a room where the temperature remains about -5 degrees throughout the winter. This will ensure a beautiful bloom every year.

Landing

Growing chrysanthemums outdoors for sale assumes that you occupy a fairly large area of \u200b\u200byour garden for growing. May is the best time to decorate a flower bed. Before the onset of cold weather, the plants will have time to get stronger.

In addition, it is very important not to plant bushes in blooming... In mid-October, such a planting is guaranteed to lead to the death of the plant. If you bought planting material late, then it is better to leave the flowers not in the open field, but indoors. A dry basement with a stable temperature is perfect. But they will not tolerate dampness and low temperatures.

Some gardeners specially arrange tall beds. There is one trick here that will allow the mother plants to overwinter well and wake up very early in the spring. The bottom layer of the bed is poured from fresh manure, and on top there is already a layer fertile land... Burning out, it will give a lot of heat, which will allow the plants to bloom until late autumn, and with good shelter, they will survive even in the most severe frosts.

We decorate the flower bed

With the onset of steady heat, a chrysanthemum wakes up outside. Growing conditions in should imply wintering in its permanent place. For this, the gardener makes sure that there is no decay of plants, that is, a flower bed must be created on a hill. With the onset of cold weather, the roots of plants are mulched, covered with hay or sawdust. From above - covered with snow, and your plantings can safely survive the whole winter.

In the spring, with the onset of heat, it is necessary to remove all covering materials, after which the plantings will start to grow. If the planting material was stored in the cellar, at the end of May it is time to prepare it for planting. Just at this time, the first frost ends.

Planting must be carried out by varieties. Be sure to supply your flower bed with labels or other markers. A complex fertilizer is preliminarily added to the prepared trench, for example, well-rotted manure. Only remains proper care... Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is not difficult, even an amateur can handle it.

So, the distance between the planted plants should be from 30 to 50 cm. The larger the bush is planned, the more space it needs to be left for growth and development. Landing and transplanting must be done with big lump land. Immediately after this, the soil should be watered abundantly with Kornevin solution or any other preparation that promotes growth.

The climate of central Russia

In order to get beautiful chrysanthemum flowers in the fall, in the summer they need to be provided with proper care, regular watering and feeding. The cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is especially good. With high-quality shelter, they calmly tolerate frosts up to 30 degrees, and with the onset of spring they delight you with excellent flowers. Growing mother plants is very easy. We will now consider one of the options, and you will understand that any gardener can have a piece of the sun on his site.

These plants take root very easily. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is also facilitated by the fact that every year you can get new plants from part of the old or from green cuttings. Young root shoots, lateral shoots on old stems - all this is material for a new bush.

There is a little subtlety here. It is undesirable to leave plants in one place for a long time. We have already said that they do not like to be disturbed during the flowering period. This is true. But once every two years they need to be planted in good fertile soil. Otherwise, it loses its attractiveness, the branches become woody. However, if the bush has already lost its charm, it can become a parent for an entire flower bed.

Growing technology in the Urals

The climate here is not so much harsh as it is unpredictable. Heavy snowfalls and frosts, winds and prolonged droughts - all this makes growing chrysanthemums outdoors in the Urals a little more difficult. To make life easier for the gardener, the following option can be advised. After flowering, the stems from the uterine bushes are cut with shears. Hemp 10-15 cm should remain. Bushes for the winter must be covered with peat crumb, along with manure. The height of the layer should be 10-15 cm. On top, for insulation, lay what is left after cleaning the garden. These are tops and branches. Snow will accumulate on them in winter.

Spring works

With the onset of spring, it is imperative to remove the tops and branches. But sweeping the peat is not at all necessary. This is mulch and fertilizer, without which it will be difficult to wait for good flowering. After the root growth has appeared, it is removed with a pruner. Cuttings 6-7 cm long are obtained. They need to be dipped in Kornevin's solution and planted on a bed with well-fertilized soil, on top of which there is a layer of sand (about 2 cm).

It is imperative to spray and water the cuttings daily. From above, you need to stretch the film and be sure to organize shading from bright, sun rays. Do not forget to ventilate, and after 2 weeks your plantings will give good roots.

Young plants are planted permanently in May, when the threat of frost has passed. Remember to water and mulch the soil well. As soon as the height of your plants reaches 15 cm, the most painstaking work begins. To get a tall stem with a lush flower, it is imperative to pinch all the side shoots and buds, leaving one. Moreover, the choice is not always obvious, the central one may turn out to be underdeveloped or ugly, so you need to carefully monitor your plant.

Gardening in Siberia

It is both complex and very fascinating process... Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in Siberia is quite possible, but additional tasks fall on the gardener. First of all, you need to choose winter hardy varieties... It can be Cream or Raspberry early chrysanthemum, Pink Perlinka or Gift. They need to be planted on a high dry bed, but even this does not guarantee a successful wintering.

We have already talked a lot about the outdoors. Preparation for winter must be done very carefully. In the fall, the plants are cut, covered with humus and covered with spruce branches. But even in this case, there is no guarantee that the flowers will successfully overwinter. It happens that the cold season is extremely mild. Then there is a risk that the plants will wake up very early and may die from excess moisture under the covering material. Another time, on the contrary, the ground freezes by 2 meters, which means that the chances of survival for chrysanthemums are even less. Therefore, the only option is to pick up the mother bushes in a cool place. It could be a basement or a garage.

In late autumn, when the first frost hits, the chrysanthemum is carefully dug up and placed in a 5-liter bucket. In this case, it is recommended to cut off the entire above-ground part. You can leave only lignified stumps with a height of 10-15 cm. The excavated mother liquors must be removed to the cellar and kept at a temperature not higher than +2 degrees. Somewhere at +4 chrysanthemums will begin to sprout, which is highly undesirable.

We grow a new variety

If you are lucky enough to get good seeds, you can plant amazing plants on the site, for which all the neighbors will come to you. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors from seeds is not at all too difficult. In this way, you can grow both an annual and a perennial, which will decorate your garden for a long time.

Both the first and the second should be planted in early spring. In early March, you should already have shallow boxes filled with earthen mixture on the windows. It is advisable to take ready-made, but you can cook it yourself. To do this, take greenhouse soil, humus and peat. All this must be calcined or steamed.

Now we start sowing. fall asleep to a depth of 0.5 cm, and perennials are simply left on the surface. Now crops need to be watered, covered with glass and placed in a warm place. The crops are periodically checked and sprayed with water.

Planting in open ground

The gardener will have to tinker with his seedlings for a long time before they become beautiful flowering bushes. When the seedlings have sprouted, they are often very densely arranged. Therefore, as soon as the second pair of leaves appears, you need to make a pick into separate cups. When doing this, try not to crush the stem. Now caring for young seedlings is about timely watering. It is advisable to harden, that is, to take the boxes out to the balcony.

As soon as the threat of frost has passed, you need to plant seedlings in open ground. Remember that chrysanthemum is very fond of light and warmth. Leave the dark corners to other plants, and give her a place in the middle of the site. It is in such conditions that she will reveal all her beauty. And one more thing: right after the transplant, you need to pinch all the tops. This is not the last procedure this season. As soon as the lateral shoots grow 15-20 cm, they also need to "remove their head". Then you get compact bushes with many inflorescences. They will delight you with long and very abundant flowering.

For newbies

If you are gardening for the first year, then growing small-flowered chrysanthemums in the open field will be an excellent option for you. These vibrant chamomile-like flowers will be the perfect fall decoration for your garden. It should be noted that they are unpretentious and do not need warm winter houses in temperate climates. But in Siberia, there is no 100% guarantee that your plants will survive the winter. If the ground gets too cold, then most likely they will not wake up.

To do this, you can leave 2-3 mother plants that can be taken to the cellar. And even easier - to sow annuals. They will delight you until the coldest days and even after the first snow they will remain bright and fresh. And then you can simply remove them and make room for new landings. In this case, you are not limited in your imagination. Flowerbeds may differ in shape and content every year.

Their bitter, wormwood scent evokes slight sadness and thoughts of the approaching cold weather. And if you want to please your loved ones, then present them with cut chrysanthemums, on which an admiring glance will dwell for a long time. An equally luxurious gift is potted chrysanthemums. One of the more readily available varieties is the Korean chrysanthemum.

Biological characteristics and features of the "fluffy beauty"

There are two varieties of perennial chrysanthemums - large-flowered and small-flowered. We will talk about small-flowered hybrids, which are called Korean. Winter-hardy Korean perennial chrysanthemums are very popular today. Many varieties are known, their distant ancestor was discovered in Korea, China, Japan.

This is a sprawling or compact bush, which is covered with flowers. A beautiful and hardy plant belongs to the Astrov family. Inflorescence is a basket formed by numerous petals. Inflorescences can be of different sizes (from 2 to 9 cm.) And different colors - from white to burgundy. And it is simply impossible to count the shades. Chances are, you won't be able to find just the blue chrysanthemum.

Korean chrysanthemums at New York's Central Park's Conservatory Garden. They are in the title photo.

There are three types of inflorescences:

• non-double form rad petals around the circumference of the basket,
• semi-double- several rows,
• terry consist of an abundance of petals, they are the most beautiful and fluffy.

Branched rhizomes give half-meter shoots and abundant root growth. Stems are erect, with fragile lateral shoots. Stem leaves are simple, shaped like an oak leaf in a reduced size. Therefore, another name for the Korean chrysanthemum stuck - oak.

The leaves and flowers are fragrant. Moreover, the aroma depends on the variety. For some, it is delicate and pleasant, for others it resembles the smell of wormwood. Many people love this plant for its bitter, pungent aroma.

The Korean chrysanthemum has a number of features:

1. medium-sized, but bright flowers;
2. a long summer day is not a hindrance to flowering;
3. feels good outdoors;
4. blooms for a long time - up to 4 months;
5. able to withstand temperatures up to 0 degrees and cold winters in open ground (requires shelter);
6. does not need annual transplants.

If you cover the "autumn flowers" with acrylic during short-term frosts, then after they pass, the plants will continue to bloom. These are autumn flowers, which are covered with bright inflorescences when there are no flowers in the garden. Only late asters can compete with them.

Interesting: The Korean chrysanthemum has been known for over 100 years. But its origin remains a mystery. According to one version, an American gardener created this variety by crossing siberian variety with the cultural Ruth Hatton. The term "Korean" is not entirely correct. This chrysanthemum is not a separate species.

Growing from seeds

Chrysanthemum Emperor of China

Propagation of the "Japanese miracle" is possible in two ways: vegetatively and by seeds. Seed flowers tolerate better low temperatures, but may partially lose their varietal qualities.

You can plant seeds directly into the ground, you can use the seedling method.

The easiest way is to plant seeds in the ground. You will see the fruits of your labor late: only at the end of summer. And you need to act as follows:

1. We dig small holes every 25 cm, pour with warm water,
2. We place 3 seeds in each hole, sprinkle with soil on top.
3. If it's cool, then cover with agrofibre on top. At the first shoots, we remove the shelter.
4. Traditional care: thinning, weeding, loosening.
5. Leave one sturdy plant in each hole. The rest can be removed or transplanted.
6. In the process of growth, we feed it with complex fertilizer.

Growing through seedlings should begin no later than February, since the Korean chrysanthemum will bloom only after 6 months. Therefore in February

1. We fill up the soil in a container 6-8 cm high.
2. We distribute the seeds over the surface and cover them with river sand with a layer of 1 cm.
3. Gently moisten so that the seeds do not "go" deep into the soil and cover with glass. We remove the glass from time to time for airing.
4. Seedlings should appear in 2 weeks at a temperature of +18.
5. We water and feed regularly. To prevent the seedlings from stretching, we highlight them.
6. We dive into peat pots (you can use any containers) in the presence of three real leaves.
7. We plant the place chosen for flowering in May (+15 degrees), maintaining a gap between plants -20 cm, between rows - 30 cm.

You need to know: the Korean chrysanthemum is the only one among its “relatives” that can tolerate low temperatures. In the southern territories, it hibernates without shelter, in the middle lane and northern regions it needs to be sheltered in winter period... Flowering begins in early August and ends in late October. Therefore, it is called the "flower of autumn".

The most common varieties

Korean chrysanthemum, the varieties of which are very diverse, loves warm and lighted places. Does not tolerate shade and an abundance of moisture (the presence of near groundwater). It is better to plant in high flower beds, then the flowering of any varieties will delight you with its abundance.

Variety names and characteristics:

Bayram : bush 60cm in height. It begins to bloom early - at the end of July. The entire flowering period is 80 days. Lilac inflorescences of medium size have a specific aroma, for an amateur.

Anastasia: bush less than half a meter with an average (6cm) diameter of a semi-double flower. It is interesting in that it can change the shade from terracotta to crimson. The color saturation is also different.

Korean : half-meter bush sprinkled small flowers unusual color - terracotta orange. Does not tolerate shaded areas, but is unpretentious to the weather and can bloom in winter in the southern regions.

Chamomile : chrysanthemum for lazy gardeners. It blooms early and is characterized by rapid growth, unpretentious care. Her color is not "chamomile", but red-orange.

Korean chrysanthemum chamomile

Umka : tall bush with large flowers. With prolonged flowering, the color of the flower changes from white to lilac. The center is always creamy. Refers to pompom varieties.

Purple Haze : It has standard height and average flower sizes. Differs in rapid growth and reproduction. Terry, lilac flowers fit tightly to each other. One of the most frost-resistant varieties.

Purple Haze

This is interesting: Chrysanthemum is deservedly considered the main flower of autumn. The Japanese who revere this plant. A chrysanthemum festival is held, where you need to admire flowers and reflect on the meaning of life. If a flower is given, then red symbolizes love, white - truth, and yellow - rejected love.

Chrysanthemum mix

Great Chrysanthemum Festival in Humpyeong, South Korea.

It is more profitable to buy chrysanthemums in a mixture, since you will immediately acquire different colors: a motley, multi-colored carpet. You may be offered:

Chrysanthemum korean mix: grows in greenhouses and outdoors. Erect plant of medium height. Inflorescences of different colors and different types inflorescences: from simple to terry. Well worth the cut. Combines with conifers and ornamental grasses. They are also used as a pot culture. Blooms throughout August-September.

Chrysanthemum Korean Velvet Autumn: The crop is good bush, forming numerous root suckers. A variety of colors and large double flowers are visible from afar and attract attention. In group plantings, it goes well with coniferous shrubs. It stands for a very long time. Winter-hardy, but needs to be covered with spruce branches.

Mixture Stars of the galaxy: Bushes of compact shape can be planted in containers or outdoor flowerpots... A spectacular and long-lasting flowering can be observed until late autumn. Large, double inflorescences will delight their owners until the end of October. Flowering until frost resistant. They stand in the cut for a long time.

Descriptions of Korean chrysanthemum varieties with accurate photos and names. The fact is that the range of greenhouse farms differs significantly, there are many varieties of Korean chrysanthemums, many amateurs collect collections, and then give their own names to unidentified varieties and send them for sale under that name. Photo titles in this article are as accurate as possible.

Chrysanthemum korean vatan