For many Russians, paying utility bills is associated with constant stress, especially in winter. After all, often residents of houses, in most cases old building, complain about the cold in the apartment, but at the same time they have to pay for the missing heat completely.
Insufficient heating of the premises is caused by the fact that the coolant for some reason does not warm up as needed. To control this issue, a temperature norm was introduced in the apartment in heating season... She helps to prove with the help of state regulatory documents that these are not tenants who are too heat-loving, and the utilities are not able to fix problems in time.
Factors affecting temperature
The final temperature in an apartment can depend on many factors. The following can be distinguished as the main and most significant:
- The climate in the region;
- Season;
- Human factor: the number of residents, their age and subjective preferences;
- The location of the apartment, its technical features and the state of the heat carriers.
Since each parameter affects the final result in its own way, we will study them in more detail.
Climatic conditions
Depending on the region in which the consumer's dwelling is located, the temperature level inside is also set. So, in remote regions in the north it is rather cold, and in the southern latitudes, the home temperature will be significantly higher. In addition, it is important to take into account the humidity of the outside air, atmospheric pressure and the amount of precipitation outside the window.
Season
The season has the most direct effect on the climate in the apartment: in summer the temperature will be high, and in winter it will drop significantly. In the spring, utilities stop the heating season, which also affects the thermometer readings. If the fall is cold, it can be almost as cold in the apartment as it is in winter.
According to GOST R 51617-2000 “Housing and communal services. General technical conditions "the temperature in the apartment should be within 18-25 degrees Celsius
In most Russian regions optimum temperature in a dwelling is in the following range:
- from 19 to 23 o - in the winter months;
- from 24 to 27 o - in the summer months.
Despite the fact that the difference of 3-4 degrees seems insignificant at first glance, in reality these changes are very noticeable. In winter, due to the lack of ventilation, the air becomes drier, and the temperature seems colder than it actually is.
Housing features
A few more components of a comfortable atmosphere in a house are the area of the premises, the height of the ceilings, the location of the dwelling, and even the presence of furniture. An apartment with high ceilings will heat up worse due to large area... And in corner apartment it will be slightly colder than in the central one - the latter is protected from the wind by neighboring apartments.
Also influenced by specifications housing. Among them:
- Battery size. The larger the radiator, the higher the room temperature will be. However, experts do not recommend residents to independently change the number of battery sections. Due to such manipulations, the pressure in the heating system may drop, and the radiators will not completely warm up.
- Energy saving double-glazed windows. The room where such a glass unit is installed is much warmer than in the rest. This design reliably protects from cold and wind, but at the same time easily lets the sun's rays inside.
- Wall insulation. Walls finished inside or outside thermal insulation material, will help reduce heat loss in the room.
- Additional elements. If you install a heat-reflecting screen next to the battery, the generated heat will be directed into the apartment better, warming up the room. Carpet on the walls or insulated linoleum on the floor will also help preserve comfortable temperature.
Human factor
Temperature renders various influences to people of different sex and age. For example, men will feel comfortable in colder temperatures than women.
Pets feel warm and in case of cold weather they look for the warmest place
In an apartment where children live, it is very important to regularly check the rate, because the body of babies is not yet able to independently increase or decrease heat transfer. Children tend to freeze or overheat faster than adults, so the average temperature in the children's room should be kept at around +22 degrees. The same goes for the elderly: they are very sensitive to temperature changes.
Temperature standards in the apartment
The standards for the temperature in residential premises during the heating season are legalized, and administrative or criminal penalties may follow for their violation. They are determined by sanitary and building codes and regulations, and are absolute law for utilities.
At what temperature the heating is turned on
The nuances of the beginning of the heating season are stipulated by the Decree of the Russian Government No. 354 of May 6, 2011. According to him, the batteries in apartments are turned on when the average daily temperature drops below +8 C o. Moreover, this indicator should not change within 5 days.
According to the rules, the heating season begins with an average daily temperature below 8 ° С for 5 consecutive days
For example, if for two days in a row the temperature was kept at +6, and then rose to +9, and in the next two days dropped to +7 again, then the heating will not be turned on. The batteries are disconnected according to the same scheme: on the street for 5 days in a row, the temperature should keep above +8 C o.
It is important! As a rule, the heating season in most Russian regions starts in mid-October and ends in April.
Temperature standards
To make it pleasant for residents to be in their apartment, each room and room should have their own temperature indicators. According to GOST and SNiP, the most comfortable temperature for a person ranges from 19 to 25 degrees.
The standards for residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building can be found in the table below.
| Season | Premises | Air temperature, C o | |
| minimal | optimal | ||
| Winter / cold spring | from 18 | 20-22 | |
| Bedroom | from 16 | 18-20 | |
| Living room in regions where the temperature remains below -31C o for 5 days | from 20 | 21-23 | |
| Children's room | from 21 | 22-24 | |
| Kitchen, toilet | from 18 | 19-22 | |
| Bathroom / WC | from 18 | 24-26 | |
| Staircase | from 14 | 16-18 | |
| Pantry | from 12 | 16-18 | |
| Summer | Living room or any living room | from 20 | 20-25 |
According to SanPin standards, the minimum run-off between temperatures in different premises should not be more than 3 degrees.
It is important! At night, the air temperature outside the windows drops sharply, regardless of the season, therefore small temperature fluctuations are permissible at night.
The minimum temperature in a corner apartment is 20 ° С
Medical component
We found that the optimum temperature for a living room is 22 ° C. However, medical standards introduce another very important indicator - air humidity. If it does not exceed 40%, and the temperature standards are also observed, then the person in the room will be comfortable. Otherwise, health problems may begin:
- Irritation of the nasal mucosa;
- Production of mucus in the nasopharynx;
- Decreased immunity to acute respiratory viral infections;
- Violation of the psycho-emotional state.
More high humidity only allowed in the bathroom. The bathroom must be protected from mold and excessive moisture, so a higher temperature is permissible here. It neutralizes the harmful effects of water vapor, therefore, a threat to health is excluded.
The cool temperature in the bedroom promotes rapid relaxation and deep sleep, helping the body to fully rest overnight. It should not be too hot in the kitchen, because the stove and other heating elements the temperature will rise anyway.
The increased temperature in the nursery creates optimal level to regulate heat exchange in small residents. So, in the apartment where the child is at the moment, the temperature should be increased by at least 1 degree. When bathing, the temperature in the bathroom should be 28 C o.
How to correctly measure the temperature in an apartment
In order to track the deviation from the norms, it is recommended to regularly measure the temperature in the living rooms. Moreover, it is important to do it correctly, taking into account all the technical requirements. They look like this:
- Measurement is made at a level of 1 m from outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor covering;
- The presence of factors that can affect the temperature is not allowed in the room: cracks, heaters, open windows / doors, direct sunlight;
- The readings are recorded hourly during the day, after which the average is calculated;
- The weather on the day of the inspection should be neutral, extreme heat or abnormal cold should not be allowed.
When measuring, a deviation is considered a temperature below the standard. In cases where an independent measurement showed a deviation from the norm, it is necessary to contact the dispatch service. After a call, an emergency team is sent to the resident's address, which draws up an official inspection report. The document contains the following data:
- Technical description of the apartment, including its location (corner, central), area and other data;
- List of persons who measured the temperature;
- Description of the instrument used for the measurements;
- Fixed temperature readings;
- Signatures of all participants.
The act is filled out in two copies: one of them remains in the hands of the apartment owners.
It is important! If measurements showed that the temperature of the water in the radiator was lower by 3 C o during the day and by 5 C o at night, the management company must recalculate the cost of utilities. The amount by which the cost of housing and communal services will be reduced depends on the area of the premises. The more spacious the apartment, the less you will have to pay.
Air exchange rate in residential premises
In addition to temperature and humidity, another important factor affects the comfortable state of a person in an apartment - air exchange. This is a process during which the already exhausted air in the room is replaced by fresh air in part or completely. To start air exchange, ventilation is regularly carried out.
This indicator indicates how many times per hour the air in the room is completely replaced with clean air. This value depends on the characteristics of the room and its area. So, if in an hour a volume of air equal to the volume of the room was replaced in the room, this is called a single air exchange. And if the volume of air has been renewed, similar to only half of the volume of the room, this is considered a 0.5-fold air exchange.
Air exchange rate
This parameter, like the others, is controlled by the SanPiN norms. According to the document, the standards for the types of premises are distributed as follows:
- Living quarters up to 25 m 2 - air exchange at least 3 m 3 / h per m 2;
- Kitchen with gas stove- 9 m 3 / h per m 2, with electric - 9 m 3 / h per m 2;
- The rest of the premises up to 20 m 2 - 1 m 3 / h per m 2.
As a rule, tenants apartment buildings do not undertake to independently measure the frequency of air exchange, since this is a complex procedure that requires additional equipment. Most often, measurements are carried out by professional bureaus and laboratories.
However, if there is no trust in experts or there is a great desire to fix the indicators on their own, then this can be done in two ways:
- Purchase of the "Aerodver" device. The structure is installed in a door or window opening. The fan in its structure draws air into the room, then the multiplicity indicator is measured.
- Thermoanemometer and balometer. The first device shows the speed with which the air moves in the room, and the second - its volume.
Determination of the temperature of the coolant in the batteries
The temperature in the room also largely depends on how hot the batteries are in the apartment. For the temperature of the coolant, there are also standards and ways to fix the indicators.
Infrared thermometer is designed for non-contact temperature measurement of various objects, including heating radiators
You can measure the temperature of the coolant in several ways:
- An ordinary thermometer. Hot water that flows from the tap in the bathroom is the heat carrier from the radiator. Therefore, the easiest way is to put hot water into a glass and measure its temperature by lowering it with a regular thermometer.
- Infrared / alcohol thermometer. In this way, the indicator is measured directly on the heating battery. If the procedure is performed with an alcohol thermometer, it is necessary to tie it tightly to the radiator and cover it with thermal insulation on top.
- Electrothermometer. More complex, but most accurate measuring instrument. The thermocouples are attached to the battery, after which the "temperature measurement" function is activated and the measurement is carried out.
Each equipment has tolerances: for an alcohol thermometer, a deviation of 2 C o is considered normal, for an infrared thermometer - 0.5 C o.
Central heating
In some situations, after turning on the heating, nothing changes. The apartment is still as cold as before due to the fact that the radiators are not warmed up enough. There may be several reasons for this, and the most common is the ingress of a large volume of air into the system.
For most heating systems installed in apartment buildings, there is no minimum temperature norm... The air temperature in the room serves as a guideline: if it meets the standards, then everything is in order with the degree of heating of the radiators.
Some heating systems can still be controlled. So, the norms existing in the regulatory acts can be applied to structures in which the pipe has a lower central connection to the radiator. These norms depend on the climatic conditions outside the apartment.
You need to focus on the following indicators:
- Outside temperature from +6 C o: water inlet - min. +55 C o, exit - no more than +40 C o;
- Temperature 0 ... +6 C o: at the inlet - +66 C o, return - up to +50 C o;
- The temperature outside the window is from -5 C o: the beginning is +77 C o, the end is not higher than 55 C o.
In addition, sanitary standards provide for permissible temperature indicators for two-pipe and single pipe systems heating. The following maximum temperatures are allowed by the regulation:
- For two-pipe system- 95 C about;
- For one-pipe - 105 C о.
It is important! If, with daytime measurements, the average is below the norm by 4 C o, and with night measurements - by 5 C o, you need to contact the utilities for recalculating the cost of services.
Hot water supply
IN winter time the main indicator of malfunctions in the heating system is temperature hot water from the tap. It should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o. To find out the water temperature, the following sequence of actions is performed:
- A deep bowl is placed in the tub or sink.
- You must immediately put an alcohol thermometer in the container, then it is filled with hot water.
- The thermometer remains in the water for about 10 minutes, after which you can pour out the liquid and record the temperature.
If the result is 3 degrees less or more than the norm, then everything is in order with the temperature.
In the winter season, the hot water temperature should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o
And if the temperature during the heating season is below normal
If the central heating does not cope with the tasks, and it is not much warmer in the apartments than outside in the cool season, then the service is not of high quality. The procedure for resolving the situation is regulated by the Rules for the provision of utilities.
According to federal documents, both the owner of the apartment and the tenant can apply to the management company. The tariff will be recalculated by 0.15% for each hour when the specified standards are not met. The treatment algorithm will be as follows:
- The person living in the apartment notifies the utility service by phone call or in writing about the violation of the temperature regime.
- The dispatcher records the owner's appeal and informs the applicant his full name, the time of registration of the appeal and its number.
- By agreement with the applicant, a check date is set. UK specialists come to the place and measure the temperature on their own.
It is important! If the applicant has not appointed a convenient date for the inspection, utilities are obliged to start measurements before the expiration of two hours from the date of registration of the application.
As a result, an act is filled in, where, if any, all the violations found are indicated. It should also be recorded with which device the temperature was measured and at what time. All those present are required to sign the document. If the representatives of the Criminal Code refuse to confirm the low quality of the services provided, a second check begins under the supervision of representatives of the housing inspection.
Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature regime
If the utilities did not carry out the check within the agreed time frame, the apartment owner can independently draw up an inspection report with the participation of a representative of the HOA and two neighbors. Witnesses will have to monitor the correctness of the verification and the reliability of the data entered into the report.
After drawing up the act, the victim has the right to send a claim to the management company with the attachment of a document and demand a recalculation of the cost of the services provided.
It is important! On the basis of the claim, representatives of the managing organization must eliminate all violations found, after which it is imperative to make sure that the situation is improving. After the work carried out, the utilities again check the premises and draw up an act, where new data are recorded.
How to make a complaint
In the event that the utilities were unable to completely eliminate the problems or completely ignored the claim, the homeowner has the right to send a complaint to higher authorities. Such cases are considered by representatives of:
- Housing inspection;
- The prosecutor's office;
- Consumer Protection Societies.
It is necessary to send an act with the recorded temperature indicators and a letter describing the problem.
To achieve a solution to the problem through the court, you need to prepare:
- Completed certificate of passed inspection;
- An application issued by the dispatch service;
- Copies of all statements;
- Confirmation of the operability of the device with which the temperature was measured (copies of compliance).
By a court decision, a representative of the management company is obliged to eliminate all violations within the time period specified in the court order.
Recalculation of heating bills
Recalculation is regulated by the appendix to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of May 23, 2006. Representatives of the management company have the right to reduce the amount of the invoice if:
- During the day, in the rooms in the apartment, the temperature remains below 17 C o, in the corner room - up to 21 C o;
- In one calendar month, the total duration of the heating shutdown reached 24 hours;
- At an outside temperature of less than -30 C, the heating standards did not reach +20 C o for a normal living room and +22 C o for a corner room.
- There were one-time shutdowns of the radiators for at least 15 hours at an outdoor air temperature below 11 C о.
If the temperature in the apartment is below 14 C o for several days, citizens have the right not to pay for the service at all. In addition, an application for recalculation is submitted in the event of a breakdown. heating battery.
According to the law, citizens have the right to demand a recalculation of payments for heat by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the temperature standard.
At the same time, they may refuse to reduce the cost of the services provided if:
- Heat loss occurs in the room through cracks or open vents;
- Walls, windows or doors are not insulated;
- An increased air content was recorded in the risers.
During the year, a one-time recalculation of the cost of utilities is possible. Experts warn that recalculation is a lengthy procedure that requires the collection of a large number of documents. Therefore, before starting to engage in the registration process, you must carefully prepare.
A public utility is an organization that has a responsibility to monitor the level of customer service and respond to the slightest temperature mismatch. A home owner who knows exactly what the temperature in each room should be will be able to quickly respond to problems and regain their rights to receive quality services.
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72APPROVED BY
by decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor Russian Federation
dated "10" 06 2010 No. _64_
Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Living Conditions in Residential Buildings and Premises
Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
General provisions and scope
1.1. Sanitary rules and regulations (hereinafter - sanitary rules) are developed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which should be observed during the placement, design, reconstruction, construction and operation of residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.
1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, shift camps.
1.4 Sanitary rules are intended for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to exercise state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.5. Control over compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings during their placement
2.1. Residential buildings should be located in a residential area in accordance with the master plan of the territory, functional zoning of the city, village and other settlements.
2.2. The site allocated for the placement of residential buildings must:
- be outside the territory of industrial and communal, sanitary protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first belt of the zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;
- meet the requirements for the content of potentially hazardous to humans chemical and biological substances, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, quality atmospheric air, the level of ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation.
2.3. The land plot allocated for the construction of a residential building should provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports, utility sites, guest parking lots, green spaces.
2.4. When landscaping the adjacent territory of residential buildings, it is necessary to take into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown of up to 5 m in diameter must be at least 5 m. bigger size the distance should be more than 5 m, for bushes - 1.5 m. The height of the bushes should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening in the premises of the first floor.
2.5. There should be no transit traffic on the inner-yard passages of the adjacent territory. It is necessary to provide access to the sites of garbage collectors for special vehicles.
2.6. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories.
2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is envisaged to provide them with engineering networks (electric lighting, household and drinking and hot water supply, heating and ventilation, and in gasified areas - gas supply).
2.8. On the land plots entrances and passages to each building should be provided. Places for parking lots or garages for cars must comply with the hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities.
On the adjoining territories it is prohibited to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.
2.9. Areas in front of house entrances, driveways and pedestrian paths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard coverings, the possibility of free flow of melt and storm water should be provided.
2.10. On the territory of the courtyards of residential buildings, it is prohibited to place any trade and Catering, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, production facilities, small car repair companies, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots of public organizations.
2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, in winter - anti-ice measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, anti-ice reagents, etc.).
2.12. The territory of the courtyards of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Illumination standards are given in Appendix 1 to these sanitary rules.
Hygienic requirements for residential premises and public premises located in residential buildings
3.1. Accommodation of living quarters of apartments in the basement and basement floors is not allowed.
3.2. In residential buildings, it is allowed to place public premises, engineering equipment and communications, provided that hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields are observed.
In the basements and basement floors In such residential buildings, it is allowed to build built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceiling ceilings are tight and equipped with a device for removing exhaust gases from vehicles.
3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings should have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.
3.4. Accommodation in residential premises of industrial production is not allowed.
3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placement of premises for working with children, premises for medical and prophylactic purposes above garages is not allowed.
3.6. In residential buildings of any number of storeys on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry should be provided for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink. It is allowed to arrange pantries with an area of at least 3 m2 / person for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel... In this case, the exit from the floor where the storerooms are located must be isolated from the residential part. The laying of sewerage networks in utility storerooms is prohibited.
3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings should have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while areas for parking personnel vehicles should be located outside the adjacent territory.
Loading materials, products for public premises from the side of the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings without windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the side of the highways.
Loading rooms may not be arranged with built-in public premises up to 150m².
3.8. Apartments are not allowed:
- location of bathrooms and toilets directly above living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of duplex apartments, which allow the placement of a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above the kitchen;
- fixing devices and pipelines of sanitary units directly to the enclosing structures of the living room, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as to their extensions outside the living rooms.
3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet bowl directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that there is a second room in the apartment equipped with a toilet bowl, with the entrance to it from the corridor or hallway.
3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors should be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins must provide the ability to transport a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.
3.11. Above living rooms, under them, as well as adjacent to them, it is not allowed to place an engine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for cleaning and washing it, an electrical panel.
What kind external factors affect employee performance? A similar question, of course, should be asked by any manager seeking to take care of their subordinates and increase monthly revenue. Unfortunately, features that are obvious at first glance often go unnoticed. So, for example, in enterprises, both small and large, temperature standards at the workplace are often ignored. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that not every employee will be able to work fully, freezing or suffering from the unbearable heat.
Who regulates the weather at work?
Are there any official documents regulating such indicators? Yes, there are. These are the SanPin standards for temperature at the workplace. The regulations given in them apply to absolutely all companies and all employees (regardless of the size of the company and its nationality).
All information in the standards can be divided into two main blocks: temperature recommendations for various categories of employees and the employer's responsibility for their violation. Among other things, the air temperature at the workplace is regulated by Article 212. Labor Code of our country, which states that the employer is obliged to provide favorable conditions and the regime for work, as well as rest of their workers.
How to protect yourself in the workplace?
What can an employee do if the temperature at the workplace is above normal? If a person realizes the real risks to his health in such a situation, then it is quite possible to temporarily refuse to fulfill his job responsibilities... To do this, it is necessary to draw up a formal written statement and pass it on to the higher management.
The document must contain information that the execution of the prisoners' labor contract work threatens to health with certain risks. It will not be superfluous to refer to the 379th article of the Labor Code, which contains information about the legality of such intentions. If the paper is drawn up in accordance with all the rules, then the employee will not only not lose, but will also retain all existing rights. However, do not overdo it in your desire to take a break from work, it is likely that your boss will offer you alternative options.
How to get around the law without breaking it?
The management also has its own loopholes and detours. The thing is that SanPin in its documentation indicates such a concept as "time of stay", and not "length of the working day." Simply put, the employer is not always obliged to let the employee go home early when they are uncomfortable in order to comply with the law. He can take the following measures:
- Arrange an extra break in the middle of the working day in a room with more relaxing conditions.
- Transfer workers to another room that meets the requirements.
workplace temperature in summer
Of course, office workers are most worried about temperature standards in the workplace, but it is difficult to say with what this trend is connected. It should be noted that managers, secretaries and other intellectual workers belong to the category of workers with little physical exertion. It is generally accepted that the temperature normal for them should range from 22.2 to 26.4 (20-28) degrees Celsius. Any deviation from the established figures should lead to a reduction in the working day. The reduction scheme looks like this:
- 28 degrees - 8 hours;
- 28.5 degrees - 7 hours;
- 29 degrees - 6 hours and so on.
According to a similar algorithm, the term for performing work duties in the office is reduced to a temperature of 32.5 degrees above zero. With such initial data, it is allowed to work no more than one hour. With the above work, it is completely required to cancel or move to another room.
winter temperature
It should be noted that employees in the workplace can suffer not only from stuffiness and heat, but also from cold (such situations are even more dangerous, but they are much less common). What is the minimum allowable rate temperature in the workplace? To begin with, let's discuss the algorithm of the day in cool conditions for office workers. The number of working hours for them begins to decrease from 20 degrees according to the following scheme:
- 19 degrees - 7 hours;
- 18 degrees - 6 hours;
- 17 degrees - 5 hours and so on.
The final mark of 13 degrees Celsius implies labor office worker in unheated room within one hour, with lower performance indicators, it is required to cancel altogether.
It should be noted that the above standards apply exclusively to production and office rooms, for social objects, the requirements also exist, but are slightly different. For example, the recommended temperature for clinics is about 20-22 degrees.
Classification of all professions
SanPin standards for temperature at the workplace differ for each category of employees. In total, there are three main categories, of which two are also subdivided into additional subgroups:
- 1a. Power consumption up to 139 watts. Insignificant exercise stress, performing work duties in a sitting position.
- 1b. Power consumption from 140 to 174 W. Slight physical stress when performing duties, which can be carried out both sitting and standing.
- 2a. Power consumption from 175 W to 232 W. Moderate physical stress, the need for regular walking, moving loads weighing up to 1 kg while sitting.
- 2b. Power consumption 233-290 watts. Active, but moderate physical activity, consisting in constant walking and moving loads weighing up to 10 kilograms.
- 3. Power consumption from 290 watts. Intense load that requires significant strength and impact. It consists in walking, carrying large loads.
It should not be assumed that the higher the category of the employee, the more scrupulous the temperature standards should be observed at the workplace in summer and winter. In fact, the law requires everyone to be protected very carefully. Moreover, people who are engaged in active physical labor can tolerate the cool much easier, since they have the opportunity to keep warm from their efforts.
Where can you go for help?
What to do if the temperature standards in the workplace are violated, and the management continues to force employees to work? In this situation, the time that goes beyond the limits given in the laws can be considered processing. And processing, as you know, should be paid in double the amount.
Where can you complain that temperature standards at the workplace are occasionally or regularly violated? Unfortunately, there is no institution officially dealing with this issue. However, if necessary, employees can direct all their complaints regarding the unsatisfactory organization of conditions at the workplace to the local labor inspectorate, which will be able to record the complaint and initiate proceedings on it.
In addition to your wishes for organizing a comfortable temperature at the workplace in your company, it is possible to send to Rospotrebnadzor, they will also help you resolve a disputable situation with the employer.
The amount of punishment and its types
What punishment can an unlucky employer face? The simplest is the usual fine, the amount of which can range from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. Much worse for any organization is the temporary suspension of its activities, which can last up to 90 days. To avoid punishment, it is necessary either to improve the existing conditions, or the employee to the required norm in this case.
How can violations be eliminated?
How can you reach the required temperature at the workplace in summer? Perhaps the only one effective way the solution to this issue is the installation of modern air conditioners, as well as the maintenance of the existing ventilation system at high level... No open windows and drafts will help create comfortable conditions in the heat, but only provide the distillation of heated air from room to room. Another disadvantage of this method is the high risk of colds among people in the room.
As for the need to increase the air temperature, the most appropriate is the use of a central heating system.
Utility bills are growing every year, especially in times of economic crisis. Unfortunately, nothing of the kind can be said about their quality. When citizens give a significant part of their hard-earned money to ensure comfortable living conditions, utilities tend to show bad faith on all fronts of their work.
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If during self-measurement you have established that the temperature is lowered, you should report this to the Emergency Dispatch Service. If the disruption of heat supply is not caused by natural factors (for example, an accident on the heating main), the dispatcher calls the emergency brigade to the house, which constitutes the official measurement report.
The measurement must be carried out by a registered device with all the necessary technical documents. The act specifies the following information:
- date of its compilation,
- apartment characteristics,
- composition of the commission,
- device data,
- temperature values,
- signatures of all members of the commission.
The act is drawn up in two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment, and the other - with the housing and communal services employees who are measuring.
Air exchange rate
The air temperature is not the only parameter directly affecting the comfort and safety of people living in the house. Air exchange is important for the body: the presence fresh air, ventilation of residential and non-residential premises.
This parameter is also adjustable regulatory documents SanPiN. So, the required rate of the frequency of air exchange for a dwelling with an area of 18 m² is 3 m³ / h per one square meter, for the kitchen - three times more.
The air exchange rate is a characteristic determined by the ratio of air removed or supplied from a room per hour to the volume of this room.
How to measure the coolant?
Heat carrier in the system central heating hot water flowing from the tap.
You can measure its temperature different ways but the simplest is thermometer measurement of temperature tap water poured into a glass.
It is also possible to measure the temperature of the pipes. The value of this parameter should be equal to 50-70 ° С.
Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature standard
If the temperature in the room is below normal in winter, what should I do?
By law, citizens have the right to demand reduction of heat bills by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance by utilities with your temperature standard. Having carried out simple calculations, it can be established that for 4 weeks of providing the service of low-quality heating of the house, the payment for it is reduced by more than 90%. Of course, utilities will not voluntarily agree to such a recalculation, and therefore we must go to court.
The application for the recalculation of heating charges to the Management Company can be downloaded.
History knows examples when citizens managed to defend their rights. So, in 2014, a resident Perm Territory collected from utilities 136 thousand rubles for non-compliance by utilities with their obligations to provide her home with heat.
Temperature norms in the apartment. Watching the video:
All in winter period interested in the issue of heating. To a cozy and comfortable atmosphere the climate of the dwelling is more influenced. To maintain a favorable background, the air temperature norm is set. You can create optimal conditions yourself. What are the temperature standards for living quarters in the autumn-winter period?
At the request of the Federal Legislation, all regions launched local programs for the normal functioning of multi-storey buildings. The basic principles of work, terms, financing mechanisms are indicated by the Housing Code. The rest of the issues are resolved by regional, district and city administrations.
In Russia, the regions are located in different belts and extend to Antarctica. There is no single set of rules. Each region solves housing and communal issues in accordance with the approved regional development plan. The length of the heating season also depends on the decision of local officials.
There is only one requirement for starting the heating season. average temperature per day for five days should drop less than + 8 ° C. The season ends in spring, when the thermometer shows above + 8 ° C. The temperature standard in the apartment during the heating season is regulated by the current regulatory requirements GOST 30494-2011.
- A thermometer is applied to the surface of the battery, the surface or temperature of the pipe is measured. The error is within 1-2 ° С;
- A more accurate value (up to 0.5 ° C) will be shown by an infrared thermometer-pyrometer;
- An old way is to measure radiators with a regular alcohol thermometer. First, attach it to the radiator with tape, wrap it with foam rubber or any heat-insulating material. So you can constantly hold the thermometer in order to know the temperature regime in the battery;
- Purchase an electrical measuring device with the "measure temperature" option. Following the instructions, the thermocouple wire is connected to the battery. Then the temperature of the water in the radiator is measured.
Where to go in case of deviations from the norm
If all measures have been taken to save heat, and the apartment is still cold in winter, the air temperature does not meet the specified standards, then with a written statement you should contact the house management at your place of residence or your management company (HOA). The statement indicates a request to take a temperature measurement with the preparation of an appropriate act and the adoption of further measures.
The current legislation establishes that the manager must accept the application within two hours, notify the applicant that they have begun to identify the violation. Within 24 hours notify the violation occurred and what measures will be taken.
By law, there are no hourly or daily rates for troubleshooting. It all depends on the nature of the damage. If there is a breakdown inside the house and riser is not completely heated, the management company is obliged to immediately begin to eliminate it.
If damage is on engineering networks, the repair depends on the resource supplying organizations. The management company must report the incident to the organization, notify the applicant and monitor the progress of the repair work.
When the management of the Criminal Code does not take into account the appeal of the tenants, no action is taken to troubleshoot and does not react in any way, it makes sense to go to higher authorities.
Homeowners can notify supervisors:
- Rospotrebnadzor;
- Local government bodies;
- State Housing Inspection;
- Main Control Department of the Regional Government
- Other organizations that have leverage to take administrative sanctions.
As a rule, conflicts between housing and communal services rarely reach the prosecutor's office and court proceedings. Recalculation of utilities in case of deviation from the standards is carried out by the management companies. When the fact is established that the service is not provided in full, the lower amount should be indicated on the receipt.
Employees of the managing organization make a check with control and measuring devices and draw up an appropriate act. The owner of the premises writes an application for recalculation, applies an act. Within 30 working days, a recalculation is made for a poorly provided service.
Factors that have a significant impact on the indoor climate
There are three most important factor that influence the climate of the room: temperature, atmospheric pressure and air humidity. As soon as the heating season begins, the air becomes dry, which negatively affects the health of people and pets. Temperature and humidity, unlike atmospheric pressure, can be adjusted independently and maintain a comfortable indoor climate.
In the autumn-winter season, it becomes cool in apartments not only through the fault of the utilities, but also through the fault of the residents themselves. For many, the warmth goes out into the street through the old window frames and non-insulated balconies. First of all, you should pay attention to the insulation of window and door openings.
The living room is where human health and lifestyle begin. The air should be clean and fresh, with a minimum amount of dust sources, especially while sleeping. Dust collectors such as carpets, soft furniture, stuffed animals and other dust absorbers are a thing of the past.
Self-regulating temperature methods
A healthy climate in an urban area can be made by yourself without expensive devices. With a household air humidifier, an optimal effect is created with a humidity of 50-60% and a minimum amount of dust. Room temperature is within the normal range: + 20 ° С.
Climatic technology is the most suitable remedy to create a favorable climate in the room. The consumer is offered a huge selection of automatic temperature control systems. Both excess heat and lack of it lead to discomfort. Modern technology helps maintain balance at any time of the year.
How to distribute the required temperature in each zone of the living space and ensure thermal comfort in the room
To supply the required temperature of the coolant to the radiators, special devices and devices are used, with the help of which a pleasant microclimate is created in heated houses. This significantly reduces waste. Savings are of interest to many, especially homeowners with autonomous heating.
All devices for controlling water heating can be conditionally divided into groups. They will differ in functional features.
- Stopcock
A shut-off valve shutting off taps is one of the easiest options to set the required temperature regime in the heating system. Installed in the radiator at the inlet, as a result of which it is possible to regulate the volumes of hot water that is centrally supplied to the system.
Basically, two standard positions "open" and "close" are used. The function is performed by ball valves. IN open position passes the most more quantity coolant. In the closed position, the liquid circulation ends, the temperature in the radiator gradually drops.
- Manual valve
Valves for the heating battery are available in straight and angle. When replacing a heating radiator in central systems, I often use manual valves. If the valve is open, the volume of liquid entering the battery gradually changes over a certain period of time. The device works by changing the cross-sectional diameter at the valve passage channel.
The required temperature of the radiator is set by turning the adjusting knob according to the corresponding marks on the scale. It has simple design, reliable in work, low cost. Sometimes it is necessary to control and manually adjust the valve operation.
When the temperature in the apartment changes, the radiator heater automatically changes to a greater or lesser extent. The process takes place by dosing water with a gradual transformation of the flowing section of the valve, when a signal from a built-in or an external temperature sensor is applied.
Advantages:
- Aesthetic design;
- Ease of use;
- No need to ventilate the room;
- No special knowledge required;
- Durability, long service life;
- No preventive maintenance required.
It is most convenient to use automatic thermostats with a temperature sensor. When the required room temperature is set, the sensor immediately gives a signal to the thermal head.
In addition to standard methods, there are many original ways independent temperature control from craftsmen. For example, you can enhance the heat transfer from an incandescent lamp by putting on a foil lamp shade. In this way, it is quite possible to increase the temperature in a small room.
The temperature norm in the house is a relative value. With all existing GOST and SNiP, if residents have the opportunity to choose a temperature regime, they will set their own - the most favorable for the body.
Feb 12, 2018 T C