If it’s cold and uncomfortable in a house or apartment in cold weather, and you continue to pay huge sums for heating, then you should think about whether there is a reason why heat is not kept indoors. The simplest assumption is that heat escapes through the walls.
But internal insulation usually carried out only in extreme cases, for example, when the authorities impose a ban on changing the facade. If there is a seam between buildings behind the wall, then external thermal insulation will also be impossible. Sometimes this approach cannot be implemented when there is an elevator shaft behind the wall or unheated room, which is not accessible.
Features of insulation from the inside
If you are faced with the question of how to insulate the walls brick house from the inside, then you must remember that the main problem in carrying out such work is the fact that the wall can begin to freeze even more. This results in a dew point shift as moisture begins to condense onto the surface of the wall. Condensation causes dampness, which destroys the materials and the finishing layer. All this contributes to the deterioration thermal insulation properties insulation, and heat loss at the same time is even higher, high humidity is also added to this problem.
Brick walls are exposed to greater destruction. In order to avoid this, you should choose heaters, the vapor permeability of which is minimal, and there is no moisture absorption. During installation, there should be no joints and seams between the canvases through which condensed moisture could penetrate into the premises. These criteria do not fit:
- liquid ceramics;
- mineral wool;
- drywall;
- cork coating;
- warm plaster.
The last option can only be used at the final stage. Moisture-absorbing fibrous and vapor-permeable materials are not suitable for thermal insulation of walls from the inside. It is better to refuse from expanded polystyrene, because it is rather difficult to achieve proper joining of the material with the walls without using a solution. The joints between the canvases will play an important role in reducing tightness.
What to consider before starting insulation
Before you insulate the wall from the inside with your own hands, you must make sure that it is as dry as possible. The insulation must have a minimum vapor permeability and high moisture resistance. The wall from must be protected by hydro and vapor barrier. The insulation layer should not have cracks, joints and gaps.
If you want to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside in panel house, then as one of good decisions stands the construction of another wall inside the room. It should fit snugly with the outer one or be separated from it by an air gap. Sometimes a layer of thermal insulation is placed between these surfaces, which acts as a buffer. But such measures reduce the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room to 7 m 3.
Material selection
Before starting work, you should ask yourself how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside. For example, polyurethane foam allows you to create a moisture-resistant barrier with high thermal insulation properties. The problem can only be expressed in the method of application. Initially, the material is a foamed liquid that quickly hardens. To form an even base and sufficient thickness, formwork should be installed, filling the internal space in parts. Using wireframes will not work. Elements of such a system made of metal or wood can also become sources of dampness.
After forming the surface of the insulating layer, it is necessary to install hydro- and vapor protection. For this, a plastic film is used, which is fixed to adjacent walls, floors and ceilings with the help of rails. Gluing is carried out with mastic or sealant.
Polyurethane foam is characterized by low strength and density. This indicates that subsequent finishing cladding and plastering will not be possible. To do this, it is necessary to erect drywall walls, which are erected on a frame and fixed on an adjacent wall, floor and ceiling. in this case, it will be located at the junction of polyurethane foam and the wall or in the thickness of the thermal insulation.
Insulation with a double wall
If you want to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then you can use the "Double Wall" technology. A warm floor will act as a thermal barrier. Heating elements are installed on the surface of the wall. Heating can only be turned on in severe frosts in order to warm the inner surface of the wall and shift the dew point.
For normal finishing of the room, a second wall of drywall or brick is installed. The insulation is mounted on a false wall from the side of the opening. This option will save in severe frosts and eliminate destruction, as well as the formation of dampness. But you will spend a lot of money on electricity. This is due to the fact that you will heat not only the volume of air in the room, but also the street.
The use of penoplex
If you still have not decided how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, then you can use polystyrene foam or foam plastic. For the reason that it does not meet the characteristics for carrying out such work, it is necessary to pay Special attention installation work. The material is smooth sheets of dense material. Joints will certainly form between them during the installation process. It will not be possible to completely get rid of them, so a layer of sealant will have to be applied to the ends.
The technology of applying the solution with separate cakes should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that air chambers are formed as a result, where condensate accumulates. Water in this case finds cracks to enter the room. The only option would be to apply glue to the entire sheet and tightly adhere the material to the wall over the entire area. Before applying the solution, it is necessary to use a needle roller, which processes the surface of the material. This will ensure the best penetration of the solution. This is especially true for the option with penoplex.
This mounting method will require wall alignment. It is impossible to use ordinary cement-sand mortar. It is better to use a mixture that forms a waterproof layer. The use of anchor fasteners should also be abandoned. This is due to the fact that leaky transitions will form in the places of their installation.
If you plan to use the mesh reinforcement method and will apply plaster over the foam, then the structure should be reinforced with profiles that are located between the insulation sheets and are fixed from above and below to the floor and ceiling.
Work procedure
If you decide to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then after choosing a specific method of work, you must bring the surface into ideal condition. To do this, the old coating is removed from the base in the form of lining, decorative elements, paint and wallpaper. The plaster is also removed. You should see concrete slab or brickwork.
The surface should be cleaned of dust and dirt with a broom and a vacuum cleaner. Particular attention should be paid to places where the walls were especially damp. Before insulating the wall from the inside, it should be treated with an antiseptic and coated with a primer. After each operation, the base is left until dry.
Priming should be done with a deep penetrating compound. If you plan to use foam or heating elements, then the wall is plastered and leveled. In the process, you can use water repellents, ready-made mixtures for finishing pools and bathrooms. In this case, the method of plastering with the help of beacons is suitable. The technology is relevant if the magnitude of the differences is more than 10 mm.
The plaster layer should dry for several days. Only in this way will the material gain normal strength. This process should not be accelerated by heaters. The surface of the plaster is primed again. This step should be omitted for concrete walls that are level. In the case of them, you can seal the joints with a moisture-resistant mortar, mastic or sealant.
Warming process
Quite often, home craftsmen are faced with the question of how to insulate a wall from the inside. In each case, the technology will be different. Some of the details have been described above. After the installation of the thermal insulation layer, a drying period follows. Only then can you proceed with the installation of the second wall, where the finishing finishing layer will be applied like tiles, wallpaper, paint or cork.
For the installation of drywall boards, you must form a frame. Plates will be attached to the ceiling, floor and walls. A gap of 5 cm should be left between the thermal insulation and the wall. If you want to use high-density polystyrene foam, then you can limit yourself to applying reinforcing mesh and plastering. But the durability and the result will depend on the quality of the installation of the foam. The joints between the sheets must be coated with sealant, and the canvases are fixed on a uniformly thin layer of mortar.
Insulation of a corner apartment with mineral wool
If you were among those who wondered how to insulate a corner wall from the inside, then you can use mineral wool as a material for work. It consists of natural fibers, is environmentally friendly and is made from rocks by melting them. Cloths of this thermal insulation have low weight, excellent sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Mineral wool is ready to serve for quite a long time, and is installed on the wall between the guides made of metal profile or bars of wood.
How to insulate a wall from the inside? This question is quite relevant for residents of corner apartments. When installing mineral wool on the walls you have to take care of waterproofing. This is important, because the moistened heat insulator loses its properties. Before installation, the walls are covered with a moisture-proof film. You can make a frame from wooden slats, the distance between which will be equal to the width of the insulation plate. From this value it is necessary to subtract about 2 cm.
After laying the mineral wool, a layer of vapor barrier or a superdiffusion membrane is then covered. Rails are stuffed onto the guides, which will create an air gap, which is necessary for moisture to evaporate from the superdiffusion membrane. Plasterboard or plywood is stuffed onto the rails. With mineral wool it is better to work with glasses and gloves, as well as a respirator.
Insulation of a corner apartment with foam
If you are concerned about the question of how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside, then for this you can also use foam. It is more common for the reason that it is easy to mount, and its cost is affordable. For an apartment, you can purchase polystyrene foam, which contains substances that prevent ignition. Before laying the slabs on a leveled wall, apply liquid waterproofing. Tile adhesive should be applied to the sheets of insulation. A comb spatula acts as a tool for this.
After filling the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe wall, a mounting grid is glued on top, which is covered with putty. Once dry, the surface can be wallpapered or painted. Before insulating a wall from the inside, you should consider what material to use. If foam or foam plastic is used, then fungus and mold can form between the moisture-proof layer and the wall. This also applies to foil penofol. This is due to the fact that the wall in the panel or brick house stops breathing, and in conditions of a cold circuit and access to moisture, it begins to become covered with condensate.
Insulation with drywall
If you want to solve the problem of how to insulate brick wall from the inside, you can use the technology that involves the use of drywall. This method is fast and simple. A distance of 3 cm must be maintained from the draft surface to the front base. With an increase in this space, more insulation will fit into the voids of the structure. This method is great for large rooms, because the wall thickens during the installation of thermal insulation.
The process begins with the installation of a frame made of metal profiles. They are removed from the wall by 2 cm. The frame must be made of a galvanized profile. A tape is glued to the sole of the elements to isolate the surface from the plaster. This will protect the drywall from the cold that is transmitted through the metal profile. Mineral wool is placed in the cavity of the frame, and the layer between the wall and drywall will also become a heater.
The next step is the installation of drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity you should not save - it is better to purchase moisture-resistant material. At the final stage, the tiles are finished with wallpaper.
Thermal insulation in a panel house
How to insulate a panel wall from the inside is an urgent issue that interests many apartment owners. For work, you can use plaster. If we are talking about brickwork, then you can cope with the work in a short time. The material is laid in three layers, each of which dries well.
At the first stage, the composition is applied by spraying. This will fill in all the bumps and gaps. The thickness does not exceed 10 mm. The main stage is the application of a primer layer 5 cm thick. The effectiveness of thermal insulation will depend on the quality of this stage.
If you want to know how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside, you can use foam. Even a beginner can handle its installation. But mineral wool, although it is an excellent option, takes up more space. It has one important advantage, which is expressed in the fact that in the process of fixing the material does not need a prepared layer of plaster.
Currently, much attention is paid to energy conservation and energy efficiency. In our country, fuel consumption for heating is several times higher than in European countries. At the state level, the task is to reduce fuel consumption for heating. To solve this problem, new standards have been introduced that regulate the requirements for effective wall insulation, state institutions are required to issue energy passports for buildings, and increased attention is paid to energy efficiency in the examination of project documentation. These measures allow new construction to be carried out at a level close to European requirements.
In our country, the housing stock is mainly made up of houses put into operation at a time when the energy efficiency of technologies and materials was not given due attention. Is it possible for the owner of the "Khrushchev" to insulate the walls of his apartment? To answer this question, you need to understand that the owner of the apartment has no right to change the architectural appearance of the building. Therefore, there can be no talk of increasing the thickness of the walls with the help of a heater attached to the outside of the building. The only option for insulating the apartment is to insulate the walls from the inside. How to perform wall insulation from the inside is described in this article.
Wall insulation from the inside has a number of inevitable disadvantages.
These disadvantages are as follows:
- Mounting a sufficiently thick layer of insulation on the walls reduces the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises;
- Commonly used heaters are not environmentally friendly. Almost all emit substances harmful to humans, albeit within the limits of sanitary standards. Some heaters are flammable or release dangerous gases when exposed to fire;
- Walls insulated from the inside lose their heat-accumulating properties. The sun through the window, an open window, a change in the temperature of the heater, turning off the air conditioner - all this will lead to a faster change in the temperature in the room than it was before the insulation;
- Placement of insulation on the inner surface outer wall creates conditions for the appearance of condensate under the insulation. After laying the insulation, the wall begins to freeze more, the wall temperature drops below the dew point temperature. As a result, water vapor contained in the warm air of the room, penetrating through the insulation, condenses on the cold surface of the wall. The humidity of the wall and insulation increases, their heat-insulating properties decrease, fungus and mold appear on the wall decoration. Freezing, water gradually destroys the material of the wall and insulation.
the only positive property insulation option from the inside is its low cost and the ability to do it yourself. 
Practical techniques for insulating walls from the inside
The first step is to level the walls. If the building is built of brick, then the walls are plastered. After they are completely dry, the surfaces are coated with a primer. The last leveling step is putty.
For insulation, foam boards are used, better than increased density PSB-S-25 (35), or extruded XPS expanded polystyrene.
Extruded polystyrene foam and has several advantages over polystyrene:
- new insulation material is stronger and more durable;
- penoplex has a fairly low level of water absorption.
Before you insulate the wall with foam from the inside, you need to make a substrate for waterproofing.
When all preparatory processes completed, you can proceed directly to the very installation of foam sheets to the walls.
Styrofoam sheets must be clean. Also, the presence of gaps between the sheets of insulation is not allowed. Any gap is a source for the penetration of cold into the room.
After attaching the expanded polystyrene (styrofoam) to wall structures, lay the material for vapor barrier, which will protect the insulation from moisture in the air of the premises. This will prevent the accumulation of condensate during temperature changes, which is incompatible with the foam. If you ignore this procedure, then after a few years the insulation will rot. After that, the surface of the insulation is covered with glue and a reinforcing fiberglass mesh with cells of 3-6 mm is pressed into the glue layer. The mesh panels are laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm. A leveling layer of glue 2 mm thick is applied over the mesh. The corners are reinforced with a metal profile. To seal the joints of insulation boards and joints, sealants are used that form an elastic seam after hardening. Large defects in the insulation are sealed with mounting foam. After the glue has dried, you can stick it on the wall ceramic tiles, or you can simply plaster with a thin layer for painting or wallpapering.
An alternative to using styrofoam or XPS extruded polystyrene foam is the use of foam glass or mineral wool insulation as a heater.
Just like foam plastic, foam glass is not afraid of water - it does not get wet, foam glass plates are vapor-tight, the material is sawn well. Unlike foam plastic, foam glass plates are denser and more durable, the material does not burn, it is well compatible with the most common mortars, perfectly plastered and glued, environmentally friendly, rodents do not damage it. 
Another alternative is insulation from the inside of the walls. mineral wool boards. For this, a wall frame is used. The frame can be made of wooden bars or metal U - shaped profiles. The design of the wall frame is similar to the frame for the device drywall partitions. The insulation is placed in two layers - between the wall and the frame and between the racks of the frame. Or in one layer - only between the racks of the frame.
After carrying out work on the insulation of the walls of the apartment, the size of the room will decrease from the inside. In order to legitimize such a reduction, you should contact the Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI) and order a new technical passport for the apartment.
www.proterem.ru
Internal wall insulation in the apartment
One of the main problems of apartments in prefabricated multi-storey buildings is the low level of thermal insulation and sound insulation of load-bearing walls. Not only can street cries and vehicle signals be heard in the apartment, but also cold comes from the walls in winter. The way out of this situation is to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside with materials that increase sound and heat insulation.
Load-bearing walls in prefabricated multi-storey buildings are made of reinforced concrete. The thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete is 1.3 - 1.75 watts per 1 sq. m. For this reason, concrete panel walls cool down quickly, and let the cold temperature pass in the winter, and quickly warm up in the summer.
The solution to the problem is to increase the thickness of the wall, due to the installation of materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity on its plane. Basically, the internal insulation of wall surfaces in the apartment is produced by the following materials:
- Expanded polystyrene sheets PS-1 (polystyrene) - thermal conductivity coefficient 0.04;
- Polyurethane foam panels (penoplex) - coefficient 0.025 - 0.035;
- Slabs of basalt mineral wool - coefficient 0.045 - 0.055 watts per 1 sq.
As you can see, all three materials have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and are well suited for thermal insulation of internal walls. Consider step by step the technology of wall insulation inside the apartment with each material separately
Thermal insulation with expanded polystyrene
Materials required for work:
- Styrofoam sheets 100x50 cm 30-50 mm thick;
- Glue for polystyrene foam;
- plastic anchors;
- Fiberglass mesh with a cell of 5-7 mm;
- Starting and finishing putty.
The sequence of work is as follows:
1. Old wallpaper is removed from the surface of the walls, and if a background of water-based paint is applied on the walls, then such a surface is either cleaned or treated with a betokontakt or betogrunt primer.
2. Using construction mixer make a thick working adhesive mass.
3. Expanded polystyrene sheets are glued with glue on the inner planes of the bearing walls. To glue a sheet of foam on its plane, 5-6 small slides are formed with a small spatula. Next, the sheet is applied to the wall and leveled with a spirit level.
4. Having pasted over the entire inner surface of the walls with foam plastic and, after waiting for the glue under the sheets to harden a little, each sheet of expanded polystyrene is additionally mounted to bearing wall using two drilled plastic anchors.
5. Over the walls pasted over with foam, fiberglass mesh sheets are stretched vertically. To temporarily stretch the mesh over the foam, ordinary nails are stuck into the foam at the corners of the fiberglass web.
6. The entire surface of the insulated walls along the grid is putty first with facade putty, on top of which gypsum putty is applied to the second layers. Further interior finishing is reduced to applying finishing putty, on top of which the background is applied water-based paint or wallpaper is glued.
Insulation with polyurethane foam panels
Materials required for work:
- PPU panels;
- Metal expansion anchors with wide caps;
- Polyurethane foam without toluene;
- Fiberglass mesh;
- Putty for interior work.
Warming is carried out in the following sequence:
1. If the walls are even, then the PPU panel is mounted on their surface using 4 drilled metal anchors. Only the joints between adjacent panels are processed with mounting foam.
2. If the walls have small difference, then 4 holes are pre-drilled in the PPU sheet, stepping back from each corner to the center of 15 cm. Next, mounting foam is applied to the sheet in a serpentine fashion, after which the sheet is applied to the concrete wall and drilled through the holes made in it and mounted with metal anchors.
3. Having mounted polyurethane foam panels along the entire plane of the walls, a fiberglass mesh is fixed over the insulation. Further, the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe internal walls is puttied over the grid with gypsum putty, after which the interior decoration is performed.
Insulation of internal walls with mineral wool slabs
You will need the following materials:
- Slabs of basalt mineral wool;
- Starting metal profile;
- Bearing metal profile;
- Perforated holders for metal profile;
- Self-tapping screws for metal and metal expansion anchors;
- Plastic expansion anchors;
- damper tape;
- Drywall sheets;
- Self-adhesive fiberglass tape;
- Gypsum putty.
Performing wall insulation from the inside with your own hands this method, several simultaneous technological works are carried out at once: thermal insulation, sound insulation and alignment of the planes of the walls with a strong difference in the vertical level.
Thermal insulation is carried out in the following order:
1. Using a plumb line or a long spirit level, a blockage of load-bearing walls is determined, while a line is drawn on the screed parallel to the insulated wall. This is the future "zero" without the thickness of drywall.
2. damper tape paste over the back side of the starting metal profile. Further, in the starting profile, with a step of 40-50 cm, holes with a diameter of 8-10 mm are drilled with a drill for metal.
3. Prepared start profile placed on the screed along the edge of the drawn line parallel to the bearing wall. Through the holes in the profile, they are drilled into the screed with a Pobedite drill and the starting profile is mounted with metal anchors.
4. Retreating from inner corner indoors 5-8 cm, draw a straight vertical line on the wall using a marker and a long spirit level. With the help of a tape measure vertical line make marks in increments of 40 cm. At the point of each mark made, perforated holders bent in the form of the letter “P” are mounted with anchors to the wall.
5. Between the horizontally protruding blades of the holders, a vertical carrier profile is placed, the lower end of which is inserted into the starting profile. Using the spirit level, the carrier profile is set to a horizontal, even position, after which it is mounted to the holders using metal screws.
6. Stepping back from the edge of the mounted first carrier profile 55 cm, the second and all subsequent carrier profiles are mounted similarly to the wall. The distance between the inner ribs of the vertical profiles must be the same everywhere.
7. Having finished with the installation of the frame from the profiles, the entire space between them is laid with mineral wool slabs. Mineral wool slabs are fixed to a concrete wall with plastic expansion anchors.
8. Over metal frame with a mounted insulation, sheathing is made with sheets of gypsum plasterboard. Plasterboard sheets are placed vertically so that two edges of adjacent GKL sheets are superimposed on 1 carrier profile. Drywall fastening is carried out with metal screws, while, during their tightening, their hats are sunk into the thickness of the plasterboard by 1.5 - 2 mm.
9. All seams between sheets of drywall are pasted over with self-adhesive fiberglass tape. Next, gypsum putty putty all glued seams and all points of location of self-tapping screws. After the putty has dried, a general layer of gypsum putty 2-3 mm thick is applied to the entire surface and subsequent finishing is carried out.
Above, three main methods were considered in detail, allowing to perform insulation panel wall inside the apartment. Each method takes precedence over the other methods. For example, if you need to insulate too uneven walls, then ideally choose 3 way. If a room with small area and the walls are even, then method 2 is ideal. If, however, the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment is large enough, then you can save money and use thicker sheets of polystyrene foam instead of PPU panels and perform insulation according to method 1.
actualremont.ru
How to insulate an apartment from the inside inexpensively
In what cases is the insulation of the apartment from the inside done? If you definitely need to insulate the apartment cheaper, then you can insulate from the inside. Internal thermal insulation can be done with your own hands, and outside it can only be done by high-altitude specialists. For independent work, it remains to buy and deliver materials, and then deal with cold walls without any problems while inside the dwelling ... But how to do this? So that there really are no problems .... The technology described below avoids several key problems that accompany internal insulation. To warm the apartment from the inside you will need:- Extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 7 cm.
- Glue for polystyrene foam.
- Reinforcing fiberglass mesh 5 mm cell.
- Sealant for interior work.
- Primer.
When insulating from the inside, it is necessary to remove free surfaces inside the wall on which water could condense. The layers of the wall should contain only materials that either do not allow steam to pass through or prevent water from condensing. If you want to ensure that the insulation from the inside does not entail negative consequences use the indicated materials. You will have to fork out for more expensive extruded polystyrene foam compared to polystyrene foam. Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene foam) passes water through itself and accumulates it inside (it is moistened). Extruded polystyrene foam no.
More with properties various heaters can be found here.
For internal insulation, only a water-resistant vapor barrier is needed - this is extruded polystyrene foam. It is also possible to use high-density polyurethane foam. It is sprayed behind the mounted fence into the holes, and is firmly connected to the prepared wall. But this option will turn out to be more expensive. And what thickness of the insulation should be? Can be calculated from known rules, the calculation is not complicated. But we can recommend extruded polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam with a thickness of 7 cm and above. Insulation should not be enough. 
dowel for additional fastening insulation to the surface in this case is not needed and even harmful. Expanded polystyrene keeps perfectly from the inside of the apartment and on one adhesive basis. Outside, on the street, at a height, it is necessary to secure the insulation sheet with dowels. There are wind loads, atmospheric effects, as well as the inadmissibility of falling panels from a height .... Inside the apartment, there is none of this. And fastening on one glue is sufficient, super-sufficient, if only it was done correctly.
Disrupting the continuity of the layer of extruded polystyrene foam is unacceptable. The insulation must be laid in such a way that it forms an airtight wall. Slits are not allowed. They are sealed with small particles of material, chips on a waterproof sealant. The insulation panels inside the apartment are joined together by a groove-comb on the sealant. The main emphasis, when performing work on the insulation of the apartment from the inside, must be done on sealing the wall with insulation, preventing air from the apartment from entering it so that it does not form (less formed) condensate. Strong gluing of the insulation with the wall must be performed over the entire area of the sheet, as well as with the side surfaces.
By the way, you can get acquainted with the special properties of polyurethane foam and methods of insulation.
Then there is a complex process of fitting and sticking sheets all over the wall. First better leaf- another to try on the position. Then apply a little sealant along the grooves, apply glue to the sidewall and insert the sheet into place. Any gaps along the edges, between, are carefully sealed with pieces of polystyrene foam on the sealant. There should not be any mounting foam in this case! It is saturated with water like a sponge, after which it collapses. After gluing all the sheets, rub the surface with a grater from above, level it. 
Check out possible technologies insulation of the facade from the outside. It is desirable to hermetically close the layer of expanded polystyrene with plaster on steel mesh at least 3 cm thick. Or a double sheet (3.5 cm) of drywall. Such a wall will also be self-supporting. But most importantly, it will resist fire for at least 30 minutes before the polystyrene foam begins to melt and release poison. Those. people will have time to evacuate from the burning room before that. - 1. We are preparing all the same glue,
- 2. Cut off a strip of mesh-reinforcement of such a length that it wraps around side surfaces 3 cm.
- 3. We apply the glue in a strip on the polystyrene foam with a notched trowel. Level the layer of glue with a regular spatula. We apply reinforcement on top of the glue and press it in, remove the excess.
- 4. Lean a metal mesh. We fix it to the ceiling, floor, walls with dowels. We plaster on a metal mesh 2.5 cm thick with a cement-sand mortar.
- 5. After the reinforcing layer dries, we apply a plaster layer with curly rollers, spatulas, we show miracles of skill in plastering and finishing. The easiest way is to apply a layer of cement plaster for exterior finish figured roller, making any relief surface. And then paint it. But you can level the wall and putty under the wallpaper.
All work is carried out in the summer when the wall is dry.
If your house is cold in winter, you should seriously think about warming your home. There are quite a few ways to make an apartment warmer. Consider the most popular of them.
How to insulate an apartment from the inside with windows?
Start by replacing windows first. They are responsible for the presence or absence of drafts. If the frames are not properly adjusted to the size of the window itself, then during a strong wind the glass rattles. by the most optimal way to get rid of such problems - to put double-glazed windows. They serve reliable protection from the cold and provide sound and thermal insulation. If there is no financial opportunity to change the windows, then you can insulate them in a cheaper way using an adhesive sealant, which is glued after filling all the cracks with special heaters.
How to insulate an apartment from the inside with the help of front doors
If your door allows air to pass through the gaps between the frame and door leaf, then it is advisable to call the master and restore their tight fit to each other. If the air passes under the door, then you will have to install a threshold. For more better thermal insulation it is recommended to install another door. In addition to keeping warm, you will be able to achieve increased sound insulation.
: walls
Often the apartment is prone to drafts also because during brickwork or installation of plates formed cracks. To get rid of them, the walls from the inside are insulated only with multilayer frames and special solutions so that dampness and mold do not form on them.
Internal insulation of the apartment: floors
If you have a strictly limited budget for floor insulation, then try to get by with buying thick linoleum. More effective, but expensive ideas include a floor heating system. Before starting work, everything superfluous is removed: old linoleum, slat boards, etc. Then a screed is poured from a special solution. It should be left on average for two weeks until completely dry. After that, you can start warming. Here everyone chooses what they like best. Underfloor heating can be water, electric, film or cable.
general principle installation is the production of an intermediate layer of the selected type of underfloor heating between the screed and the floor covering, each of which performs general function- heating. The difference will be only in the price and locations. But there is one major drawback here. If the apartment is located on the third and higher floors, then the screed should be no more than 5 cm thick. Otherwise, there will be a very large load on the connecting plates between the floors.
Internal insulation of the apartment: batteries
Also in Soviet times developers in all new apartments installed the same type of sectional batteries. Then the climate was not taken into account and weather each individual region. Therefore, many complained that there was no sense in installed batteries. Now you can replace them with steel or bimetal radiators. They generate heat much better and look very compact, modern and aesthetically pleasing.
Internal insulation of the apartment: balcony
For even more effective insulation of your home, it is recommended not to forget about the balcony. When there are good double-glazed windows on the windows, then you can save money on the glazing of the balcony and put the usual wooden frames. If choose modern options Well, they look very nice. In places where the wind still blows, buy a regular construction foam and close all gaps.
External insulation of the apartment
External insulation will keep the size of the living space, protect the walls from freezing. Moreover, such work will not take you much time. With all this, you can safely stay in the apartment and not think where to move until the process of warming is over. It is recommended to insulate the walls with mineral wool or foam plastic. But here it is worth noting that mineral wool is much more expensive, but retains heat better. Styrofoam also has no worse thermal insulation property. It not only retains heat well in winter, but also does not allow the walls to heat up much in summer. Five days after the completion of the work, the wall can be painted in any color. It all depends on individual desire.
In conclusion, I would like to add that the choice of home insulation will always be yours. It is very important to choose exactly the option that all family members will approve. Do not forget that not only warm walls warm in winter, but also truly loving hearts!
Both builders and manufacturers argue about whether it is possible to insulate houses from the inside insulation materials, but everyone agrees that in most cases, wall insulation from the inside will not be the best solution - if possible, it is better to do external thermal insulation Houses. However, if there is no choice, you should carefully study the features and rules for choosing and installing insulation so that the internal thermal insulation is effective, safe and durable. How to insulate the walls of the house from the inside and how to do it?
Indoors, walls can be insulated only in cases where it is impossible to change the facade of the building or there is no access to the outer surface of the wall. It is recommended to avoid wall insulation from the inside of the house because it has a number of significant drawbacks:
- The dew point moves inward. The wall begins to freeze through its entire thickness, the cold meets with warm air at the junction of the wall and insulation, and condensation forms on its surface. This has many negative consequences: a fungus can develop on a wet wall, the effectiveness of the heat-insulating material decreases, it lags behind the wall, collapses; in addition, the decorative finish is spoiled.
- A frozen wall loses its heat storage properties. It becomes difficult to control the temperature of the air in the room - it starts to warm up faster due to work heating appliances or a direct hit sunlight out the window and cool faster when airing.
- It is impossible to provide 100% thermal insulation, since it will not be possible to insulate the walls from the inside over their entire surface - cold bridges will remain at the intersection outer wall with internal partitions.
- The humidity in the room increases. This, again, contributes to the formation of mold and is generally unhealthy. To ensure good air exchange, you will have to constantly ventilate the apartment, which will lead to an increase in heating costs.
- The useful area of the apartment is decreasing - especially if, due to climatic conditions in the region, it is necessary to install insulation for the walls of the house in a thick layer.
- If thermal insulation work is not carried out before the start of repairs in the room, it is necessary to dismantle the entire decorative trim which complicates the work and makes it more expensive.
by the most dangerous consequence internal thermal insulation becomes condensate inside the room, which leads to accelerated destruction of walls and damage finishing materials. This can be partially avoided by accurately calculating required thickness insulation layer and choosing the right material. Thus, warming the house from the inside is expensive and unsafe, but sometimes inevitable.
How to avoid condensation
If you still had to do internal thermal insulation, then before you figure out how to insulate the house from the inside, you need to understand whether negative consequences can be avoided. The dryness of the walls inside the house can be ensured by protecting the place where the dew point is formed from moisture.
For this you need:
- Use a quality multi-layer waterproofing membrane. Polyethylene film will not work. In addition, it must be properly laid - with an overlap, with sealing of the joints.
- Choose a heater with a minimum vapor permeability. If the material from which the walls of the house are made has this indicator higher, then the moisture formed between the insulation and the surface of the wall will not condense, but will come out.
- Mount the heater close to the wall. To do this, glue must be applied to it in an even continuous layer, and not with beacons.
- Provide forced ventilation of the room, as well as install windows with air exchange valves.
- Accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation layer. You can’t focus on average parameters, since you can properly insulate walls only by taking into account all the characteristics of a particular material, room and climatic features region.
- Treat the insulated wall with antifungal and antibacterial agents. You can use a special antiseptic primer. You can start work only after the surface of the wall is completely saturated and dry.
When insulating an apartment from the inside, it is very important to get rid of all possible cold bridges. They are formed at the joints of the insulation boards and in those places where the wall is connected to the ceilings and internal partitions. To improve the efficiency of insulation, it is necessary to lay the heat-insulating material with a call to the internal walls, floor and ceiling.
The choice of heat-insulating material and the technology of installation of insulation
Mineral wool
It is not recommended to choose this material, since it will not work effectively enough to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside. However, cotton wool is the easiest to use and cheaper than other options, so it is often resorted to.
Vata exists in two versions:
- rolls;
- basalt slabs.
If there is no other choice, it is better to use wool in the form of plates - this insulation is denser, has better thermal resistance, and does not settle over time. Roll variety cotton wool has a too high rate of vapor permeability, absorbs moisture well, so that the walls insulated with it will probably get wet. However, there is also a possibility of moisture penetration under the insulation when using plates with a density of 75 kg / m3 or more. You can reduce the risk of condensation by using good vapor barrier material and properly installing thermal insulation.
Insulation from the inside with mineral wool is carried out as follows:
- At a distance from the wall surface, a frame is constructed from wooden slats or an aluminum profile.
- The first layer of mineral wool is laid under the frame. It is necessary to glue it to the wall as tightly as possible.
- The second layer of basalt wool slabs is laid between the frame laths with the joints offset relative to the first layer.
- A layer of vapor barrier membrane is laid.
- Drywall is mounted on the frame.
Due to the characteristics of mineral wool vapor barrier, special attention must be paid when the internal insulation of the walls of the house is carried out. Can not use polyethylene film, a more efficient vapor barrier multilayer membrane is needed. TO wooden frame it can be attached with a stapler, be sure to overlap; it is glued to the profile with double-sided tape.
The overlap when laying the membrane should be at least 100 mm, the joints should fall on the frame elements and be glued securely. The vapor barrier must extend to the surfaces adjacent to the wall. Places of contact of the membrane with the surfaces should be additionally sealed. Liquid sealant is applied to a wall, pipe or other structure, then the membrane is pressed against the junction; after the sealant dries, the membrane is fixed with adhesive tape.
High-quality installation will reduce, but not completely eliminate the risk of condensation when using mineral wool. It is better to consider other, polymeric, types of insulation for walls from the inside.
Styrofoam and XPS
Expanded polystyrene, or polystyrene, is much better suited for insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside. This is facilitated by its following characteristics:
- low thermal conductivity due to the presence of air in the cells of the material;
- low vapor permeability and almost no hygroscopicity;
- high strength, including compressive and tensile strength;
- small mass;
- ease of processing with your own hands - you can cut the material with an ordinary knife.
Ordinary or extruded polystyrene foam of sufficient density, even with a relatively small thickness, will provide quite effective thermal insulation of the room. It is recommended to choose it not only because of the ease of installation, but also because it can be most effectively insulated from the inside of the apartment: it does not allow moisture to pass through, so condensation will not appear. The main thing is to correctly glue the foam plates, sealing the joints and ensuring a snug fit to the wall.
Using expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation living quarters, it is important to take into account some of its disadvantages. So, it practically does not protect against noise. In addition, when burned, it releases toxic compounds into the air. Another disadvantage lies in high cost EPPS, but it is compensated by the fact that it is not necessary to lay a vapor barrier membrane, and it is definitely not necessary to redo the thermal insulation due to the destruction of the insulation, as is the case with improper installation of stone wool.
Polystyrene insulation for walls inside the apartment should have a high density - 25–30 kg / m3. You can determine the density by marking, which looks like "PSB-S-25", where 25 means the desired parameter.
Installation of expanded polystyrene plates on the inner wall is carried out as follows:
- The surface of the wall is cleaned, primed and dried.
- Insulation plates are glued in rows with offset joints. It is advisable to use polyurethane adhesive, which is applied to the entire surface of the expanded polystyrene plate.
- Additionally, the plates are fixed with special plastic dowels.
- Joints are sealed silicone sealant, large gaps are filled with mounting foam.
- Reinforcing fiberglass fabric is overlapped over the insulation. On top of it, you can lay the plaster under the decorative finish. Another option is to immediately glue drywall instead of reinforcement.
There is another installation method. At the long ends of the PPS plates, grooves in the form of corners are selected. Two plates are joined, the seam is sealed. Then it is inserted into the groove wooden plank. The resulting structure is fixed on the wall with self-tapping screws. This method is more convenient, since in this case it is possible to insulate the room faster and more economically. In addition, the boards can be used as a frame for attaching drywall.
Should other options be considered?
There are more modern heaters for walls from the inside - polyurethane foam, heat-insulating plaster, polyethylene foam and even ceramic-based thermal paint. Among them, only the first material is worthy of attention; other options are actually of little use for insulating an apartment from the inside. Polyurethane foam is a regular foam, similar to mounting, which is applied to the surface to be insulated using a special sprayer.
The material is good in that it reliably adheres to any surface, penetrates into all cracks, is monolithic and vapor-tight. It hardens quickly and does not form any cold bridges. However, polyurethane foam is quite expensive, and working with it on your own will not work.
Thus, if it is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside, it is best to use polystyrene foam. This heat insulator has the most suitable characteristics, and it is not difficult to install it yourself. Subject to the insulation technology, it will effectively protect the house from the cold.
Every year, utility bills are growing, especially for heating and electricity, and the rooms are still cold, even when the batteries are hot. Best and effective solution problems of heat conservation is the insulation of the walls of apartments from the outside or from the inside of the room.
Insulation from the outside in practice can be difficult to implement if:
- the facade of the building has an expensive finish;
- the apartment is adjacent to unheated technical rooms;
- the building you live in is a listed building and there is no way to obtain a work permit;
- the house is multi-storey, the insulation of the wall of one apartment spoils the design of the facade of the entire building;
- insulation must be carried out by the entire riser, but this is not always realistic due to the financial capabilities of individual residents;
- attracting construction organizations requires significant cash injections.
To preserve heat, it is necessary to take care of the tightness of the doorway and. A simple way to create a comfortable microclimate in the apartment: in summer heat the desired coolness, and in the winter cold it is warm - this is the insulation of the walls of the apartment rooms from the inside. Find out how to choose the right insulation in a large range of products offered.
The work of thermal insulation of apartments from the inside is complex and time-consuming. Experts do not have a common opinion and recommendations on wall insulation, although there are many developments and proposals, but in one they are the same - for good result it is necessary to purchase high-quality material and properly prepare the surface of the wall.
When choosing a heater, it is necessary to take into account the following properties:
- low thermal conductivity;
- minimal hygroscopicity (moisture absorption);
- good sound insulation;
- mechanical strength and durability;
- does not support combustion and prevents the spread of fire;
- light weight and easy to install.
Having come to the market or to a building materials store, it is difficult to choose the necessary insulation in a huge variety of products. Let's take a look at some of the most used thermal insulation materials. Producers: and others.
Inorganic type insulation
The material for the production of this type of heat insulators are mineral substances: sand, glass, asbestos, various rocks.
- Wall surface preparation. The walls need to be level. If the new building and the wall are brick, it is necessary; if it is concrete, it is enough to level with putty. If we decide to insulate the walls of the apartment in which we live, it is necessary to clean them of wallpaper, paint, remove nails, dowels from the surface, and cover the chips and recesses with alabaster, if there are protruding irregularities, beat them off. In the presence of fungus or mold, we clean with an emery cloth, and wash and dry the walls, putty the surface, if there are significant irregularities, we plaster.
- Preparing the work site. When preparing the wall, remove the plinth and flooring, baguette, so that nothing prevents the installation of foam boards. We prime a dry wall with a brush or spray, you can use an antifungal primer. Experts recommend laying waterproofing material between the PPS plates and the wall, then moisture will not get on the insulation.
- Foam padding. After complete leveling and drying of the wall surface, we begin to lay the foam, starting from the corner, from the floor. We press the insulation tightly to the surface and drill a hole exactly in the center with a 5 cm recess into the wall, drive in the fasteners - an umbrella, and then a dowel so that the cap does not protrude on the surface of the sheet. Carefully fix the foam plate in 5-6 places. And so each sheet is carefully pressed against the wall and against each other, we provide a tight and monolithic fastening. If gaps have formed, they can be removed with mounting foam.
Now more and more often glue is used to fix the foam, which is applied to the wall with a comb. - We seal the seams between the foam sheets. We apply glue to all the seams, and put a reinforced tape on top, so that it becomes one with the surface of the foam and does not appear in the form of bumps and folds. To obtain the desired effect, we stretch it and press it against the foam with a spatula and press it into the adhesive mixture. We also coat the caps of the fastening elements with glue. It is impossible for gaps to remain, they become “cold bridges” and nullify all the work.
- We lay the vapor barrier material. After the surface at the seams becomes dry, it is necessary to cover the insulation with a special material. To do this, we apply a mesh (film) over the foam plastic, which protects it from moisture coming from inside the room. On top of the seams covered with a reinforced mesh, we apply glue along its width and apply a vapor barrier material, with a spatula we sink it into the glue, and so on, each row with a slight overlap. After the wall is covered with a grid, we smooth out the bumps with sandpaper or a special grinding tool.
- Outcome. Before us flat wall which can be decorated as you wish.
Warming the walls of the apartment with underfloor heating mats
This method of insulation is used extremely rarely and can easily be called experimental. If the walls are very cold, this is a great option to keep and increase the heat in the room, although the cost of electricity increases.
The work is carried out in several stages:
- we attach a ready-to-use mat to the wall
Modern construction is developing at lightning speed. It is difficult to follow the new creative innovations in the technology of interior insulation from the inside. What was progressive yesterday seems time-consuming, complex and of lesser quality today. This applies to the insulation of apartments by the method of warm plaster, relatively recently this method was very popular. It is worth mentioning this option, maybe someone, due to certain circumstances, will be interested in it. The whole point is a layer of 100 mm, so that it holds, we do the work in three stages:
- Liquid plaster is "sprayed" on the wall with a layer of 10 mm thick, filling all the cracks, recesses, surface cracks.
- After the first layer has dried, apply the main 60 mm and also dry thoroughly.
- Finishing layer - 5 mm thick grout.
The process is laborious, it takes a lot of effort and time to dry each layer, professional skills are needed in order to get the job done.
We provide effective ventilation of the room insulated from the inside
Proper ventilation is essential for the health of both the home and the occupants. Insulation of an apartment often leads to a violation of certain ventilation conditions of the apartment. That is, it is important to ensure the temperature, humidity, speed of air flow. If the balance is disturbed, then on the walls, and due to lack of oxygen, the tenants will suffer from headaches and weakness.
Natural ventilation has a number of disadvantages: heat loss in winter time, in summer it is impossible to carry out normal air conditioning, noise, dust. To create an optimal microclimate, it is necessary forced ventilation using duct fans. Their start can be blocked with the inclusion of lighting. It is necessary to open all ventilation grilles for better air exchange.
Do not interfere with the daily ventilation of the rooms.
Insulation of apartments is carried out in combination with insulation of the floor (especially the first floor), ceiling or roof (important if the room is located on top floor), doors, windows.