Many people, at least once in their lives, have tried to stick a mandarin seed or other fruit into the ground, in the hope that a fruit-bearing tree will soon grow in a flower pot. The task is difficult and unbearable, and mainly due to a lack of knowledge on growing, and then there is no need to talk about proper care.

But it turns out that if you approach the matter correctly, without hoping for "maybe", then, for example, everyone can grow a tangerine tree in an apartment, even those who are not a skilled gardener. The main thing is patience, the ability to look after and the desire to achieve what you want!

As in the case of other citrus crops, there are two ways to grow a tangerine tree - by purchasing a seedling in a specialized store, or growing a tree yourself from a stone. The second way is more interesting and exciting (if you are in the habit of caring for the plantings), and if everything works out, then in a couple of years you will be overwhelmed with pride that the homemade tangerine not only smells sweet, but also bears fruit!

It is worth starting the growing process at home with the extraction of seed.

The procedure is supposed to be as follows:

• Extraction and preparation of seed material
• Preparing the container
• Preparing the land for planting
• Waiting for shoots
• Preventive measures against diseases and pests

So, let's start moving down the list from the very beginning. It is worth starting the growing process at home with the extraction of seed - a few tangerine seeds, preferably 5-6, since not all of them can sprout. To do this, in the nearest store, purchase ripe tangerines that are stored in appropriate conditions (not in the refrigerator, not in direct sunlight) from which you need to this stage bones. Thoroughly rinse the "extracted" seed and put it on a flat, open surface to dry. After the seeds dry out, you need to start preparing them for planting.

To do this, the seed for better germination must be soaked: it is better to take a clean, damp cotton cloth, wrap it in tangerine seeds and leave them for a couple of days. It is not necessary to fill the fabric with seeds with water, but you need to make sure that the canvas is constantly wet - its complete drying is unacceptable, since this will ruin the whole business in the bud. For those who do not want to deal with the fabric and constantly monitor the state of its moisture, experienced gardeners advise you to purchase a hydrogel (possibly the name aqua soil, eco-soil), which will allow you to carry out the desired process without hassle. The hydrogel will replace damp cloth / gauze: by mixing the powder in the right proportion with water and placing the seeds inside the formed jelly, you will not need to worry that the seed will dry out at home for several days.

Video about how to grow a tangerine from a bone

While the bones are swelling and hatching, they do not need care in excess of the above, and therefore it is time to start preparing the container and soil. Let's start with the containers: at the first stage, you can take a container of any volume, up to a plastic cup. In the future, the grown seedling will need to be grown in a pot with a volume of about 4 liters. Before filling with earth, drainage must be placed on the bottom of the pot (or any other container you have prepared). Let it be small pebbles, crushed walnut shells.

Now let's decide on the land. Like the "wild", home tangerine does not like acidic soils, so if you buy a substrate at a specialized point of sale, you need to watch that the soil is peat-free. If you will be preparing the soil for planting yourself, then some light mixture that allows air to pass through is best, such as a mixture of turf, leafy soil and sand.

After everything is prepared, and the bones have hatched and sprouts have already appeared, then you can proceed directly to planting. Selected grains must be placed in grooves 3-4 cm deep and sprinkled with earth. Water the soil well, but try not to overflow. After that, we remove the pots with plantings in a dark, warm place. As a rule, tangerines, even in natural conditions, sprout for a long time, so do not be alarmed and do not despair due to the fact that there are no sprouts for a long time, as a rule, they appear 3-4 weeks after planting. All at this time it is necessary to ensure that the soil in the container is moist, but not waterlogged.

Water the soil well, but try not to overflow

After the sprouts have appeared, it is necessary to transfer the pot to a bright, but again to a warm place. Mandarin is a thermophilic plant, and for its good growth and development, the temperature environment should be at least 200C.

First of all, as noted above, mandarin grows only in suitable temperature conditions... If the pot with sprouts is placed in a cool place (below 20 -22 0С), then the plant will stop growing and may soon die completely.

After each watering, it is strictly imperative to take care of the tangerine: loosen the earth

Secondly, it is imperative to remember that the citrus tree is moisture-loving. In the summer, the care includes mandatory watering, which must be done several times a day (depending on the temperature and humidity indicators). In winter, watering is carried out less often - about 3 times a week, as the soil in the pot dries out. In addition, the leaves of the tree must be sprayed abundantly daily, and a container with water should be placed next to the pot. All these measures are necessary to ensure sufficient moisture, which is vital for the tangerine tree, since in natural conditions it, as a rule, does not experience a lack of moisture. Water must be necessarily filtered and separated, room temperature... However, the plant cannot be poured either. After each watering, it is strictly imperative to care for the tangerine: loosen the earth, if necessary, apply fertilizer.

Thirdly, some gardeners whose citrus tree grows in artificial conditions not the first year, it is advised to transplant the plant every spring. Moreover, this must be done with extreme caution, trying not to touch the ground around the roots. After the tree survives to eight years of age, transplanting can be done once two years. Such home care will not only allow the tree to grow better, but from a certain point will also affect the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the tangerine yield.

Fourth, mandatory when growing citrus houses, are tree dressing with mineral and organic fertilizers. Balanced fertilizers are best purchased from a specialist supply store. The most frequent feeding should be done when the plant has the first leaves. The frequency of feeding in summer period- once every 14 days, with the onset of autumn, once a month.

Tangerine tree video

Pest and disease control.

Home-grown citrus trees can be severely damaged by flies, aphids, and red mites. Therefore, mandatory maintenance should include a weekly visual inspection of all parts of the plant, from the trunk and root part to leaves and shoots.

As soon as you notice pests, you must immediately take a series of measures aimed at saving the tree. If you notice pests in time, then you will not need strong "chemistry". It will be enough to prepare a solution from onion peel or garlic, and with it rinse thoroughly the whole plant - leaves and trunk. Do not be lazy, wash everything carefully and thoroughly, as spraying will not give the desired results. Instead of homemade infusions prepared on your own, in a specialized store you can buy a biological product "green soap" that will help to cope with pests.

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What is it - indoor tangerine?

Indoor tangerine - exotic plant... And for sure, every house has flowers on the windowsill, but for lovers of the exotic, a simple aloe or violet may seem a little. In this case, think about a plant like indoor tangerine. First of all, it should be said that this plant belongs to the genus citrus and is on a par with grapefruits, lemons, oranges, limes. Indoor tangerine is an evergreen plant of the rue class. Why is it an exotic plant? The thing is that its appearance is very specific: indoor tangerine grows in the form of a shrub or tree, which can reach a height of five meters. Of course, such a feature of the development and growth of the tangerine tree will alienate many from the desire to purchase a plant, but today breeders have provided for this feature as well. Many are interested in the question of how to make a tree fruitful and whether it is possible to eat fruits grown with their own hands. Most often, there are indoor tangerines in stores, already hung with fruits. It is not difficult to achieve fetal tying at home.

Indoor tangerine grows in the form of a shrub or tree, which can reach 5 meters.

What is indoor tangerine?

If you are planning to put a tangerine tree on a windowsill or balcony at home, then pay attention to undersized or dwarf varieties that do not outgrow a height of 1 meter. Of course, it will not be a problem for the owner of greenhouses or private houses to acquire a real tangerine tree. Otherwise, for lack of space, you will have to constantly cut off excess branches and adjust the size of the plant. You don't need artificial pollination. But it is still not recommended to eat hanging fruits, because such a result is obtained through the use of all kinds of dressings and fertilizers for the plant. Although even a non-flowering mandarin without bright fruits can attract you with beautiful leathery ruffled leaves that remain green all year round... In this case, the percentage of plant survival will immediately increase several times. You need to take the stalk you like, which has at least two leaves, dip it into the rooting machine and plant it in prepared moist soil.

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About the history of indoor mandarin

Indoor tangerine is not very picky about moisture, frequent watering can lead to the development of various diseases.

If we talk about the popularity of this tree, then it is second only to indoor lemon. If you believe the assumptions, then the tangerine tree comes from China or Japan. Long years this plant grew in the gardens of China, and was brought to Europe only closer to the 19th century. After that, indoor tangerines became extremely popular, because they were distinguished by their early maturity and productivity. Moreover, unlike lemon tree mandarin fruits have sweet taste, they completely lack seeds.

So, you bought your favorite houseplant and brought it home. Now you need to choose the right place for the further growth of the mandarin and create the necessary climatic conditions for it. After that, the planted sprout must be covered from above with half a plastic bottle or film, while it is important to leave several holes for airing in a homemade greenhouse.

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What is indoor mandarin

This tree lives in an ordinary flower pot and has a very spectacular look. First of all, this houseplant owes its popularity to bright fruits which look very appetizing and adorn the tree for several months. Ornamental tangerines attract florists during the flowering period: on the branches bonsai delicate white flowers bloom, which have a wonderful aroma. There are varieties that begin to bloom in spring and continue to delight the owner all year round. Besides, experienced florists they like to experiment and grow a decorative tangerine using the bonsai technique, resulting in a whole work of art from an ordinary plant.

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Home care for decorative tangerines

The optimum temperature for the growth and development of indoor tangerine is 20-25 degrees.

There are standards that are adopted for both real and ornamental plant varieties. For example, both need good lighting and moderate amount of direct sunlight. In the case of insufficient light, the plant will begin to wither and noticeably slow down its growth and development. A sign of an incorrectly chosen place for a indoor tangerine is the absence of flowers or poor flowering. You can notice the malaise of the plant by the leaves, which change the saturated green color on faded, and new tangerine shoots have a painful appearance. The optimal place for indoor tangerine is considered to be the southern, southeastern and eastern windows, while in the summer the plant must be protected from strong direct rays. In the summer, many housewives take out a decorative tangerine to the balcony, where the plant will do just as well under moderate lighting and temperature.

As for winter time, during this period try to choose for indoor flower the most illuminated place in the apartment, while direct sunlight with a short daylight hours will not be able to harm the tangerine, but only contribute to its development. Of course, the sun does not happen every day in winter, so flower growers recommend using artificial lighting as an ordinary phyto-bulb. But it is necessary to prepare a decorative tangerine for such a procedure gradually, otherwise, if after a cloudy day you put the plant under a lamp for a long period, it can shed its leaves from a sharp change in the duration of daylight hours.

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Watering indoor tangerine

Indoor tangerine is picky about lighting. V winter period artificial lighting is required.

Another important condition the content of decorative tangerine is soil moisture. This houseplant has adopted from its wild relatives such a feature as tolerance to dry periods. If the period without watering lasts a long time, then in extreme cases the mandarin will shed some of the leaves in order to retain moisture in the roots and reduce the evaporation area. Therefore, the biggest mistake when growing indoor mandarin is over-watering. This can cause not only the loss of the beautiful appearance of the plant, but also the development of all kinds of diseases.

To determine what nominal amount of liquid will be enough for you to water the tangerine, consider the following features of the plant:

• the size of the tree or shrub;
• the size of the pot in which the tangerine is planted;
• room temperature;
• lighting intensity;
• season.

Most of all, an adult plant needs moisture, which has a large number of leaves, grows in large capacity, and the temperature is constantly kept above twenty degrees. It is recommended to water the indoor tangerine in the morning: it is at this time that it becomes active. If the room temperature has dropped significantly, it is recommended to stop watering for several days until the soil is completely dry and the moisture evaporates.

But not only the roots of the plant must receive moisture, it is necessary to regularly spray the leaves: in dry air, the decorative tangerine can wither and wither, and the risk of infection of the plant also greatly increases spider mite... But during the flowering period when watering, make sure that the water does not fall directly on the flowers.

Who will refuse their favorite citrus fruits, especially those grown by their own hands? This perennial evergreen is gaining popularity as an indoor crop. When favorable conditions are created, it blooms and even bears fruit. At home, it reaches up to 110 cm. One is capable of bringing up to 60 pieces of tangerine, which ripen by September and stay on the branches until October.

Tangerine tree prefers a lot of light, on hot days it needs abundant watering and spraying.

Another useful property is the ability to purify the air and protect wearers from various viral diseases. Unlike its "congeners" lemon and orange, this exotic feels great in an ordinary city apartment. He tirelessly pleases their inhabitants with a beautiful crown, dark green leaves and snow-white flowers with a pleasant aroma.

Growing and care

Location, lighting and temperature

The right space is the key to the future harvest. Green handsome prefers a lot of light... The window sill of the south, south-east or south-west window will suit him. But in hot summer days it should be protected from direct sunlight by shading it with a curtain or paper. In winter, additional artificial lighting is required. For this, a phyto lamp is used. Holidays can be arranged from June to the end of August. A glazed balcony or a place protected from precipitation in the garden, where the pot can be deepened into the ground, is quite suitable.

The ideal temperature range is +15 to +19. Higher values ​​negatively affect the flowers, the pet can discard them. During the rest period, it is better if the thermometer drops to 11-14 degrees. A significant danger is fraught with a sharp change in temperature. It is better to prepare it in advance for any changes.

Humidity and watering

In hot weather, the leaves evaporate a lot of moisture. This can be prevented by maintaining optimal performance humidity. Will help with this regular irrigation twice a day... If this is not possible, an electric humidifier is suitable for this purpose. A pallet with expanded clay will help to increase the percentage of moisture and reduce the temperature, a container is installed on it. Experienced gardeners advise little trick: In the heat, place ice cubes around the edges of the pot.

Moisture-loving creature in warm weather "drinks" abundantly and often... The appropriate amount of liquid is determined individually. The earthen ball must be completely soaked. Beware of stagnation, this is fraught with root rot. Because of this, in winter, watering is significantly reduced, especially if the air in the room is cool. It is carried out as the topsoil dries up.

V warm room from December to March, the schedule remains practically unchanged. For this purpose, only settled water at room temperature is suitable.

Choosing the right pot

Give preference medium-sized flowerpot gradually increasing the diameter of the container. For older representatives, containers are selected 2 times the length of the root system. The presence of through drainage holes is mandatory.

Soil and fertilizers

They choose it for sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings, taking into account the age of the plant. Categorically does not fit acidic soil... The needs of young representatives differ. It is better for inexperienced growers to buy ready mix in the market. Bio-humus or earth for roses will be suitable. Fertile, nutritious and permeable - it is great for full growth and development.

But you can cook it yourself from the following components:

• turf (2 parts) and leaf (1 part) land;
• one share of fine river sand, humus.

Lightweight substrate helps to actively grow the root system. It is poured onto a drainage layer of brick chips and expanded clay. A different composition is more suitable for an adult exotic: sod soil (40%), sand (20%), leafy soil (20%), humus (15%), oily clay (5%). The denser composition allows you to hold required amount moisture. Thanks to this property, citrus fully utilizes all nutrients, forming buds and fruits.

They begin to be introduced from April to November. This is done every 2 weeks. The most suitable are complexes containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. In any flower outlet, a wide range is presented: Uniflor-growth (promotes the ripening of mandarin), Uniflor-bud (has a beneficial effect on flowering) and Kemira-lux (supports and nourishes). It is important to regularly alternate minerals with organic ones. If the choice fell on a natural nutrient solution, then bird droppings or cow dung... The dry substance is dissolved in water, then infused and then added. The plant is preliminarily watered.

Working with chemical fertilizers you should strictly follow the instructions indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging. An excess of nutrients causes burns. Avoid contact with fruits.

Plant pruning

Occurs in the spring, before the buds open. Get rid of thin and dry twigs, yellowed foliage. Use sharp and disinfected gardening Tools... So that the infection does not pass through the slices, they are sprinkled with crushed activated carbon. It also contributes to the rapid healing of damage. To form an oval-shaped crown, excess shoots that are unable to bear fruit are cut off.

You can't do without pinching the tops of the stems. After the first flowering, only 12-13 buds are left, the rest are cut off. Otherwise, they drain the culture.

Diseases and pests, methods of dealing with them

and

The leaves began to turn yellow, fall off, and a thin web is visible on the surface? Action should be taken soon. First aid is to wipe the green mass with a solution of tobacco or soap. Garlic infusion shows good results. But, if the number of the colony is large, then only chemical agents - Aktellik and Fitoverm can cope with it. Insecticides are treated once a week, avoiding the ingress of the substance into the soil.

Reproduction and transplantation of a tangerine tree

Until the tree is 4 years old, the pot is changed frequently. This happens as soon as the lower part of the plant fills the entire container. The diameter of the new one is 10 cm larger than the previous one. The first layer is drainage (about 7 cm). A layer of soil (5 cm) is poured onto it. They are transplanted by the transshipment method. The tree is carefully removed from the container and placed on the prepared substrate. The missing amount of earth is poured on the side, but not to the very edge. Its level should be 2 cm lower.

If necessary, the earthen lump can be raised by filling in the soil. The process ends with a light crushing of the soil and watering.

The culture is bred in two ways.

Seeds

Before deepening, they are soaked in water for 2 days. Once they are swollen, they can be transferred to the soil. The first shoots will appear in 18-20 days. But pets grown in this way cannot boast of a harvest and play the role of an ornamental culture. But with the help of vaccination, this situation can be corrected.

Graft

Occurs during the period when active sap flow begins (April-May). The rootstock and scion are prepared in advance. The first term refers to a young tangerine grown from a seed at home. The second is a bud, which was taken from a citrus that has already yielded a crop. The peephole must have a leaf petiole. Select an area (about 7 cm from the ground) on the bark. Carefully, without touching it, an incision is made on the branch, 1 cm long and 2 cm wide. A kidney is inserted into it, carefully bending the sides of the incision with a knife. This place is covered with garden pitch.

The peephole takes root for about 25 days, during which it is necessary to create favorable conditions, similar to greenhouses.

How to choose a healthy plant in the store

If you do not have the time or desire to grow a fragrant representative of the flora on your own, then you can easily purchase an adult and already fruiting tree in the nursery. Of course, such a pleasure will cost a tidy sum, then in the future the gardener is only required to maintain favorable conditions of detention.

To protect yourself from deception, it is better not to risk making a purchase in the market or from spontaneous traders. The specialized sales center is obliged to provide the relevant documents confirming the quality. Before buying, decide which variety is more suitable for your conditions. For growing on a windowsill, it is better to choose a dwarf one, and for a winter garden - a large bush.

In any case, it should be healthy plant, without damage and yellowed falling leaves. Look closely for insects.

Mandarin- an evergreen plant that belongs to the Rutov family. The specific Latin name for mandarin is Citrus reticulate. Like orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, it belongs to the genus Citrus. The life form of this plant is interesting - it can be a shrub and a tree, reaching a height of 5 meters.

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Indoor mandarin
Like other representatives of the genus Citrus, mandarin has long been grown in greenhouses, greenhouses, and winter gardens. Despite its size, tangerines at home can be grown on a balcony or on a windowsill. Currently, breeders have bred many varieties of dwarf and undersized tangerines for home cultivation, maximum height which is 0.6-1.1 m. Indoor tangerine may not belong to dwarf varieties, then the plant needs to be heavily pruned and shaped.

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Indoor tangerine very showy pot plant... And not only because of the bright, aromatic and mouth-watering orange fruits that can last for several months. Sometimes the plant delights only in its flowering, because the delicate white mandarin flowers exude an amazing aroma. In some varieties, flowering begins in the spring and can last all year round. Indoor mandarin grown as a bonsai is a real work of art.

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Indoor tangerine fruits set without artificial pollination, usually ripen at the end of the year. Often, a potted indoor tangerine is bought in a store with fruits already hanging on it. Despite the fact that they are very appetizing, they are not worth eating. After all, to achieve such a high decorative effect plants receive high doses of fertilizers. The tangerine has beautiful leathery and corrugated leaves.

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Popular tangerine varieties for growing at home
Unshiu is a Japanese variety, the most unpretentious, begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years, in room conditions it grows to 0.8-1.5 m. Branches well. Blooms profusely in spring, forms fruits in late October-November. Pear-shaped fruits lack seeds.
Kovano-Vasa, Miha-Vasa, Miyagawa-Vasa - dwarf tangerines Vasya groups - suitable for growing on a windowsill, height 40-80 cm. Orange-yellow fruits ripen for the first time in the second year of cultivation, abundant flowering. Like all dwarf varieties, they do not need crown formation.
Shiva Mikan is an early compact fast growing variety. Small fruits, no more than 30 g
Murcott- the fruits of this compact tangerine variety are very sweet, ripen in summer, taste very sweet, therefore the name of the variety is translated as "honey".
Clementine- a hybrid of mandarin and orange, bears fruit at home in the second year. One adult domestic tree per year produces up to 50 medium flattened orange-red fruits, very fragrant, with a shiny skin. Plants of this variety with numerous seeds are called montreal.

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Mandarin home care
Lighting tangerine at home
The first step in successful cultivation indoor tangerine - choosing a place for a plant and its correct lighting.
Indoor tangerine, as well as grown in open ground good lighting with some direct sunlight is needed. In low light, the plant slows down growth, throws out a small amount of flowers or does not bloom at all. With a strong lack of light, the leaves of indoor tangerine become faded, new shoots are elongated, thin and painful in appearance. Therefore, it is better to grow a plant in the eastern, southeastern and southern windows, shading from midday direct rays. In summer, the plant can be taken out onto the balcony, gradually accustoming it to the street.
In winter, with a short daylight hours, the indoor tangerine should be exposed in the most illuminated place with direct sunlight. But sometimes even this is not enough: artificial lighting is needed. For this purpose, an ordinary phyto-light bulb is suitable, which can be screwed into a chandelier or table lamp. It is necessary to transfer the plant to supplementary lighting gradually. With a sharp change in the length of daylight hours, it can shed its leaves.

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Content temperature
The optimum temperature for indoor tangerine in the summer is + 20-25 ° C. During the period of budding and flowering, so that the flowers do not fall off, it is better to keep the plant at a temperature slightly below + 20 ° C. In winter, to ensure a relative dormant period, mandarin is kept at + 5 -10 ° C. A plant that is rested during the winter will bloom and bear fruit better.

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How to water and spray tangerines at home
The indoor mandarin, like its wild ancestors, is adapted to withstand dry periods. As a last resort, the plant will shed its leaves to reduce the amount of liquid that evaporates. A common problem when growing tangerines at home is over-watering, which leads to the development of fungal diseases.
The amount of water for irrigation of indoor tangerine depends on several factors:
- the size of the plant;
- the size of the container in which the tangerine grows;
- ambient temperature;
- the duration of daylight hours and the intensity of illumination.
The larger the surface of the leaves of the indoor mandarin, the stronger the evaporation, and the more it needs watering. The temperature also affects the rate of evaporation: the higher it is, the more the plant loses moisture. The length of daylight hours directly affects the amount of moisture that evaporates. Stomata - formations on the underside of terrestrial plants, serving for gas exchange, open in daylight days.
Watering indoor tangerine should be carried out in the first half of the day, when the plant has activated life processes. When the temperature drops, watering is reduced, until it stops for several days during a period when the temperature in the room is only + 12-15 ° C. In this case, the tangerine is watered with a small amount of water, only to maintain life.
Mandarin at home needs regular leaf spraying.... Strongly dry air has a negative effect on the plant and is often a prerequisite for its infestation with spider mites. If the indoor tangerine blooms, then you need to make sure that water does not get on its flowers.

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How to feed tangerine at home
Full-fledged tangerine care at home is not possible without additional mineral and organic feeding. The soil in the pot is quickly depleted and washed out during watering, and recreational processes practically do not occur in it, unlike soil in nature.
For feeding, you can use soluble or dry fertilizers. In the spring, with an increase in daylight hours, the feeding for indoor tangerine is increased. It is in the early spring period that vegetative and generative buds begin to develop intensively, at which time the plant requires additional nutrients.
At home, mandarin is fertilized, like all other indoor plants, that is, in the morning. The ambient temperature should be at least + 18-19 degrees.
For feeding, soluble fertilizers are often used. They can be used to water the plant, and in a weaker concentration, spray its leaves. For feeding indoor tangerine, any complex mineral fertilizer containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium is suitable - the main elements necessary for plants.
Dissolve fertilizers in soft or settled water at room temperature. The main thing is not to increase the dose. If the instructions say: 1 cap of the product per 1 liter of water, do not think that 2 caps will make the solution more useful. This will lead to the opposite effect - chemical burns or toxic poisoning of the plant.
You need to feed the tangerine at home during the period of intensive growth (from March to September) 2 times a week. Less often, but not more often.
Dry fertilizers that are applied to the soil and gradually dissolve, giving the soil trace elements, must be applied even more carefully. Their advantage is that by introducing them in the spring, you can forget about feeding for a long time. However, they can be quickly used by the plant, and it will be difficult to guess about it. The introduction of an additional dose of fertilizer will lead to the above-mentioned overdose.
Organic fertilizers are also needed to grow tangerines. To do this, you can dilute infused cow dung in a ratio of 1/10. The best option would be to use organic fertilizer in combination with mineral soil for top dressing.

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Additional care for tangerine at home
To form a lush tangerine tree, pinch the tops of its branches.
Caring for a tangerine at home also involves removing dried leaves or stretched twigs.
On young flowering plants, flowers are partially removed so as not to deplete them and to allow several fruits to ripen. One ovary can be left for 15-20 leaves of an adult plant. The less fruit remains on the tangerine, the larger they will be.
Fruit-bearing branches of indoor tangerine are tied, tied to a support, otherwise they may break from the severity of the fruit, and the plant will not have an attractive appearance.

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Diseases and pests
Mandarin at home can be affected by the scabbard, red spider mite and mealybug. Spraying the plant with soapy water (2 tbsp. L liquid soap, you can "Fairy", for 3 liters of water). It is better to clean off the pests by hand beforehand. After keeping the solution on the leaves for half an hour, it is washed off with warm water. When a spider mite is damaged, the pest is harvested by hand, after the leaves and twigs are wiped with a cotton swab moistened cold water or alcohol, then sprayed with a two-day infusion of garlic or onions (crush 200 g and pour warm boiled water). Against mealybugs, removing the pest with a cotton swab and spraying it with garlic infusion 3 times (once every 7 days), or rubbing it with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol (can be replaced with calendula tincture) will also help. With a persistent defeat by any pest, they resort to potent chemicals, which are used according to the instructions.
If watering is incorrect, the mandarin leaves become stained and fall off. To prevent or eliminate the problem, follow the rules for watering citrus plants.

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Tangerine transplant at home
Correct care for tangerine at home involves a plant transplant. Usually, the transplant is carried out if the plant, in our case, indoor tangerine, is cramped in a pot. As a rule, young indoor tangerine plants are transplanted annually, plants over 7 years old - every 2 years. For transplant, use a special potting soil for citrus fruits or make it themselves from sod land (50%) and leaf, humus and sand, taken in equal parts.
For transplanting an indoor tangerine, choose a pot with diameters 5 - 8 cm larger than the previous one. It is forbidden small plant plant immediately in a large pot: often this leads to root rot. Moreover, it is neither aesthetically pleasing nor practical.
Mandarin at home, as in nature, prefers a light substrate with weak acidity. It is imperative to put drainage at the bottom of the transplant tank - this is the prevention of water stagnation and root rot. As drainage, you can use: expanded clay, small stones, fragments of ceramic dishes, pieces of foam.
A transplant of indoor tangerine cannot be carried out during the flowering of the plant. It is better to do this in the spring at the beginning of the awakening of the plant from a relative dormant period.
You cannot feed the plant 2-3 days before transplanting, as well as use fertilizers within 12-14 days after transplanting.
After transplanting, the indoor tangerine is lightly watered so that the soil settles. After 30-40 minutes, if necessary, add a substrate to the pot and water it again.

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Reproduction of indoor tangerine
At home, tangerines can be propagated in two ways:
- vegetative (rooting of branches);
- generative (growing from a bone).
For rooting cuttings, it is better to use a rooting agent - the survival rate will be 3-4 times higher. To do this, cuttings with 2-3 leaves are dipped in a rooting agent and planted in moist soil, covering from above with a film or cut plastic bottle, be sure to leave holes in them for ventilation. The cuttings take root within a few months.
Growing a tangerine at home from a bone is the most long way reproduction, especially since some varieties almost do not form seeds. In addition, an indoor tangerine grown in this way will need to be grafted, otherwise it will not bloom. For the stock it is better suited indoor lemon or home-grown grapefruit from the seed.
Since both methods of breeding indoor tangerines take too long, more often amateur flower growers buy already grafted indoor tangerine in the shops.

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The tangerine tree has gained particular popularity among amateur gardeners in recent years. For its cultivation, not only greenhouses, greenhouses, winter gardens but also the most ordinary balconies and window sills in the apartment.

Peculiarities

Indoor tangerine attracts with its luscious greenery, beautiful flowers and bright sunny fruits. It does not shed its leaves, so it will remain green even in winter. The light scent of the plant helps to relieve headaches, irritability and uplifts the mood. And when a tree is in bloom, an even more unusual smell comes from it. The flowering period can last from spring to autumn. At the same time, growing a tangerine tree at home does not require special efforts and skills - even a beginner will be able to properly care for him.

A common tangerine variety grows up to 5 meters high. But modern breeders have bred a huge number of special dwarf and low-growing plant varieties in the form small trees or bushes.

The height of an adult plant is no more than one and a half meters, and to maintain beautiful shape less strength is required. With the right approach, a tangerine tree in an apartment grows rather quickly and begins to bear fruit.

Varieties for growing at home

Breeders have bred a large number of different varieties of tangerine trees. They differ among themselves in the appearance of the crown, foliage, flowers and fruits, as well as in size, fertility and taste... Not all of them are suitable for home growing. Among the many indoor tangerines, the most popular types are worth highlighting.

• "Forged-Vasya" is an ideal option for an apartment. This is a dwarf variety, up to 50 cm high, so it can be grown even on a windowsill. Leaves dark green have the shape of an arrow. Distinctive feature is that the bush does not have to be pruned to maintain its shape. "Kovano-Vasya" begins to bloom actively in spring, and bright orange fruits ripen in autumn. The fruits appear within a year and do not fall off for a long time.
• "Unshiu" is an unpretentious variety, it will not be difficult to grow it. This variety tolerates low temperatures and lack of sunlight well. In apartment conditions, the height is usually about 80 cm, sometimes up to one and a half meters. The first fruits appear in the third - fourth year. Unshiu has lush greenery, flowers beautifully and bears fruit well. Flowering begins in spring, lasts for several months, and by the end of autumn the fruits ripen. They are slightly elongated pear-shaped, sweet and almost pitted.

"Forged-Vasya"

"Unshiu"

• "Pavlovsky" Mandarin also works well for home breeding. The growth of an adult tree does not exceed one meter. Its leaves are like regular tangerine- large, shiny, dense. There are many fruits, they are round in shape with a diameter of up to 7 cm, sweetish-tart in taste. The skin is bright orange in color, thin, easily peeled off. Flowers of "Pavlovsky" tangerine are large, about 3 cm, and collected in whole inflorescences. They are white in color, but pinkish in buds. The flowering period begins in April-May, and the first fruits can form in September.
• "Clementin" Is the tastiest and sweetest hybrid. A plant with dense, elongated leaves, fragrant flowers and bright flattened fruits. The first tangerines ripen in 1.5-2 years. In an apartment, the harvest is small, about 40-50 fruits per season.
• "Shiva-Mikan" refers to early varieties... At home, it is more likely ornamental plant- this variety grows quickly, has compact size and small fruits weighing no more than 30 grams.
• "Marcott"- translated as "honey". This variety has surprisingly sweet fruits. Plant small size, with a neat crown of elongated leaves and yellow-orange fruits. The skin is smooth and tight, there are many seeds in the pulp.

"Pavlovsky"

How to plant?

If you decide to grow a tangerine tree at home, then you can either buy ready-made seedlings in plant growing stores, or germinate from the seed yourself.

The first way is simpler and faster. Plant seedlings are sold immediately in a pot or in a packaged earthen coma. After purchase, they must be transplanted into a suitable container.

The second way is more economical and interesting. Indoor tangerine can be grown from a common ripe fruit seed. It is recommended to germinate several pieces at once, in which case the probability of obtaining the desired result will be higher. The seeds must first be soaked for several days until they swell and sprouts. To do this, they are placed in 3-4 layers of wet gauze. It is imperative to ensure that the gauze does not dry out, periodically add water.

If you do not want to wait for germination for a long time, then you can use "Epin" - a growth stimulator. It is added to water and left for a couple of hours. After the first sprouts appear, the tangerine can be planted in the ground.

You can buy the mix at a grower shop. It is important that the soil for the seedlings is not acidic - mandarin does not grow in such an environment. Therefore, the soil should not contain peat.

You can prepare the soil yourself, suitable option is the mixture:

• 2/5 of cow humus;
• 2/5 parts of turf and leafy land;
• 1/5 of the sand.

As the first container, you can use ordinary cups, pots up to 10 cm in diameter or seedling boxes.

At the bottom of a clean and dry container, it is imperative to lay a drainage layer of small stones or expanded clay. This will prevent moisture stagnation and root rot.

Prepared soil is poured from above. Sprouted seeds are carefully placed in holes 4-6 cm deep and covered with earth. The soil should be moist throughout the entire time; watering should not be forgotten. The seed container must be placed in a well-lit place, but not in direct sunlight. The optimum room temperature for the germination period should be +20.25 degrees. The first shoots appear in about 2-4 weeks. If several shoots have sprouted from one bone at once, then the weakest of them then need to be carefully cut off.

Care

In order for the tangerine tree to please with its healthy appearance, shape, beautiful flowering and tasty fruits, it is necessary to provide it comfortable conditions... The most elementary care and care will help to extend and facilitate the life of a plant in an apartment.

Location and lighting

It is recommended to place a tangerine tree in a well-lit place with diffused light. It is best suited for windows facing south, southwest or southeast. Direct ultraviolet rays should be avoided in hot weather - the plant can get burned, and the soil in the pot will dry out quickly. You need to accustom the plant to ultraviolet in stages: first, adhere to partial shade, and only then gradually increase the time spent in direct rays. Mandarin gets used to one-sided lighting, so it is often not recommended to rotate it around its own axis. In warmer months, the tree can be taken out onto the balcony, terrace or outside.

The optimal daylight hours for a mandarin should be 8-12 hours. With a lack of natural sunlight, the plant will weaken, the leaves will begin to turn yellow and fall off. You can extend the daylight hours with the help of special phytolamps.

Temperature regime

Recommended temperature for citrus trees in the warm season (spring and summer) it is considered +18.20 degrees. During this period, there is an active flowering phase, and higher temperatures will lead to the fall of flowers and leaves. And more low temperatures will slow down growth and prevent fruit formation.

In winter, you need to give the plant a rest and gain strength for the next season. To do this, the temperature in the room must be kept at +10.12 degrees. Otherwise, the subsequent flowering and fruiting can not wait. You can start raising the temperature by spring already at the end of January. The tangerine tree does not tolerate harsh temperature differences, therefore, any change in conditions must be gradual. But at the same time, the tree must be accustomed to natural changes. To do this, it is recommended to take it out for a very short time during the day. closed terrace or a balcony - this way the plant hardens and becomes stronger.

Humidity

The room where the tangerine tree is located should always have a high level of humidity. For this, the plant is often sprayed with a spray bottle. In hot weather or during the period heating season it is advisable to do this twice a day. The water should be at room temperature.

Irrigation is advisable in the morning and in the evening to avoid the midday sun hitting wet leaves.

If the plant already has flowers, then irrigation must be done very carefully, without falling on the buds. And it is better during this period to just wipe the leaves with a damp cloth.

If the room has a heating radiator, it is recommended to cover it with a wet towel. A container with water can be placed next to the tree. Ideal option there will be a humidifier.

Watering

During the period of rapid growth and flowering, it is especially important to properly water your homemade citrus tree. At this time, the soil should not dry out; it is recommended to do the procedure daily. Even a short drought can negatively affect the plant - to save moisture consumption, it will shed its leaves and they will not grow again in this place.

When the plant "hibernates", you can water it only twice a week. The amount of water should be moderate - excessive soil moisture should not be allowed, this will lead to rotting of the roots, and mold may appear on the soil surface. It is recommended to use only separated clean water room temperature. Tap water contains chlorine, so it is not suitable for irrigation.

Whether the soil needs moisture can be checked with your finger - if the soil is dry and loose, then the plant needs to be "watered".

You can pour water only on the rhizome - the trunk of the tree, the leaves, and even more so the flowers do not tolerate excess moisture.

The most suitable time of day is morning. It is during this period that the maximum activity of the tangerine tree occurs.

Priming

The composition of the soil for a young and an adult plant is different.

For a young plant, you need to mix one part of sand with leafy soil, two parts of turf and cow humus.

For an adult plant, a part of leafy land is taken, three parts of turf and one each of sand and cow humus. And most importantly, oily clay must be added to the soil for adult citrus trees.

Ready-made mixtures can also be purchased in plant growing stores, but it is worth paying attention to quality products a trusted manufacturer.

Top dressing

Due to frequent watering, all nutrients from the soil are quickly washed out, therefore, the first feeding of a citrus tree is done immediately after the sprouts appear. And what mature plant, the more it needs to be fertilized. In a specialized store, you can buy a ready-made fertilizer mixture. As organic matter, you can also use mullein manure in proportions of 1/10 with water.

It is especially important to feed the tangerine in the spring, when the plant begins to develop intensively. This period lasts until September, fertilizer can be applied once every two weeks. Such a regime will promote the appearance of buds, flowers and ovaries, and the ripe fruits will not taste bitter. In the cold season, feeding should be stopped. Like most of everyone indoor plants, tangerine is recommended to be fertilized in the morning. The tree must first be watered with warm water. The temperature of the nutrient solution should also be at a comfortable room temperature. The composition of the mixtures are different, but the content of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is mandatory for a citrus tree.

The proportions and recipes must be observed, this information is indicated on the packaging. Inappropriate use of fertilizers can cause burns to the stem, roots and leaves, or, in general, lead to the death of the tree. From folk remedies, gardeners recommend using "fish soup". For cooking, take 100 grams of fish per liter of water. Boil it for 30 minutes, strain, cool and add to the store-bought mineral mixture.

Pruning and pinching

Prune frequently homemade tangerine not necessary, since the formation of the crown in this culture occurs by itself. But pruning and pinching the upper young shoots every 3-4 months will not only contribute to the better development of branches and leaves, but also accelerate fruiting. The upper shoots should be pinched only after the formation of five leaves.

You can also get rid of all the weak and unnecessary twigs. If dried leaves and branches appear on the tree, then they must also be carefully cut off. Cutting is recommended with special sharp scissors.

At the first flowering, some of the buds should be removed. Such a procedure will retain its strength. young tree and will increase the yield not only this, but also in the following years.

Possible problems

Improper care of indoor tangerine becomes the cause of its diseases. If the microclimate in the apartment is disturbed, irregular moisture, lack or excess of fertilizers, the plant begins to hurt. Consider the most frequent problems and the reasons for their occurrence.

Leaves turn yellow and fall

If this happens rarely and in small quantities, then it is a natural process, especially in older trees. If the leaf fall is intense, then this may indicate insufficient lighting, improper watering, or a lack of nitrogen in the soil. The reason for this may be a sharp change in the regime (temperature, light). If the plant begins to turn yellow after transplanting, then the reason is most likely a violation of technology. Pay attention that the root collar is not too deep. A pot that is too large will also cause yellowing.

All these processes must be revised, conditions favorable for the tree must be created, and the plant will begin to recover.

• Brown leaves most often indicate improper feeding. It is necessary to reduce the amount of fertilizers and strictly adhere to the recipe.
• Leaves dry due to dry indoor air. It is necessary to spray the tree more often from a spray bottle, wipe the leaves with a sponge, cover heating devices and use a humidifier.
• Leaves curl due to excess ultraviolet rays. To solve the problem, the tree needs to be shaded.
• Rust spots on the leaves also indicate improper watering. This process needs to be adjusted.
• Red spots on the trunk of a tree indicate insufficient drainage, damage to the trunk, or excess fertilizer. For the treatment of already damaged areas, a light solution of vitriol is suitable. After that, the cracks are rubbed with a special garden varnish.
• If the bush began to shrink and dry, then the reason for this lies in insufficient feeding. Mandarin must be provided useful vitamins and minerals.

But even good quality care is not enough to avoid certain diseases.

Some diseases can also affect the tangerine tree.

• Anthracnose causes bark deformation, yellowing and leaf fall. The affected parts of the tree must be carefully cut and destroyed, and it is recommended to use "Fitosporin" for the treatment of the whole plant.
• The scab begins to appear with small transparent spots. In the future, gray "warts" are formed from them. Bordeaux liquid is used for treatment. She needs to spray the entire bush three times.

Do not exclude such a threat as all kinds of pests.

They are almost invisible, but they can cause irreparable harm to the plant.

• Spider mite. It manifests itself as a cobweb on the leaves and red dots on the stems. This pest feels good in a dry, hot microclimate. To combat it, you first need to brush the wood, and then pour it with a contrast shower. The soil must be sprinkled with ash and the whole procedure must be repeated after 10 days. A mixture of tobacco dust and laundry soap is suitable for spraying. A spoonful of dust and a spoonful of grated soap dissolve in water and infuse for 5-6 hours. Spray with a solution 2-3 times a week.

• Aphid. With a large amount, you must first thoroughly rinse the plant with a solution of laundry soap. For the treatment of damaged leaves, a decoction of wormwood or nettle is suitable. It is recommended to spray the leaves with garlic water. For its preparation, one clove is infused in a glass of water for two days. The tree needs to be treated with a solution several times a week.
• Shield. Signs of infection are brown bumps and a withered yellowed bush. First, using a brush, you need to clean the plant from insects. Wash the tree and its location with soapy water. To spray in water, you need to dissolve a little soap, two tablespoons of washing powder and a teaspoon of machine oil. After 3-4 hours after treatment, the plant must be rinsed with water. Repeat the procedures three times a month.
• Mealybug. With its appearance, white sticky spots are formed on the leaves. At the same time, the leaves fall asleep and fall off. The best folk remedy the fight is a soapy solution. Wipe the tree with it and spray it once a week.

To deal with uninvited "guests", you can also use special means (for example, "Fitoverm", "Karbofos" or "Aktellik"). The solution must be wiped off the leaves and trunk. To improve the effect, the bush can be wrapped in polyethylene for a couple of hours. It is important to note that the fruits after such a procedure should not be eaten for at least a week.

As preventive measures processing of leaves can be considered soap suds... At the same time, it should not get into the soil, so it is recommended to cover the pot first.

How to transplant and how often to do it?

As the tangerine tree grows and its root system grows, a pot transplant is required bigger size. Young plant need to be replanted every year in early spring before flowering. After reaching 4 years of age, a transplant is needed every 3-4 years.

This culture does not like large containers, therefore new pot you only need to choose one size larger than the previous one.

The tangerine is transplanted by the method of transshipment of the entire earthen coma. To make the tree easier to remove, the soil needs to be watered - this will reduce the adhesion of the soil and the walls of the pot. Next, you can lightly tap the pot with your palms so that the clod of earth falls behind it. After that, the plant is carefully removed and transferred to another place. First, you need to lay a layer of clean drainage on the bottom of the new pot. The tree is set up and covered with earth. It is not necessary to compact the soil too much. It is important to make sure that the root collar (a small seal between the root and the trunk) is only partially covered with earth. Otherwise, the tree will take root for a long time and will start to hurt.

It is not difficult to learn how to properly care for a tangerine tree at home. You just need to follow the recommendations, and then the plant will delight for a long time with a lush crown, beautiful fragrant flowers and fruits.

For information on how to grow a tangerine tree from a seed at home, see the next video.