Erecting own house, every owner wants it to be reliable, comfortable and at the same time inexpensive. There are many ways to construct residential buildings today, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are also metal frame houses on the market, and some choose this type of structure. But what advantages does it have, what should you think about before deciding on this acquisition, and how do the owners of such mansions respond?
What does the term "frame house" mean?
The frame structure has several layers, like a pie. Externally, the building may look different. It is sheathed with siding, clapboard or other materials that can withstand bad weather and temperature changes. But the main thing in such a structure is the house, which is made of durable Between the inner and outer cladding Insulation must be laid, therefore such buildings are used as shops, baths, summer cottages and, of course, for housing.
House project: price and design
Even before starting construction, it is important to decide on the project. There are two options here: you can order an individual drawing for your future home, or you can choose a ready-made one from the catalog. The second option will be much cheaper, since you will not have to pay for the work of engineers. In addition, the construction itself will begin faster, because you do not have to wait until the personal project of the house is completed and adjusted. Price for finished drawing depends on the size of the structure and its complexity. So, for example, the project small cottage with two floors will cost about 1000 euros.
Assembling the structure
Immediately you need to make a reservation that it is very difficult to build a house from a metal frame with your own hands. This is impossible without skills and experience. Since the entire structure is rather thin-walled, it requires reliable fastening of all. Reliably fixing the cladding is also possible. The profile is also the basis of the walls in the building itself, and it is necessary for the installation of windows and doors. It can also be noted here that the cost of the metal frame together with the fasteners is about 160 thousand rubles of the Russian Federation per set. After the installation of the frame, the facade cladding is carried out; for this, a professional sheet is used. To save comfortable temperature in the building, insulation is laid on the walls and ceilings layer by layer. In such a design, waterproofing elements are necessarily present. From above, this structure is covered with external panels.
Advantages of metal frame structures
Of course, these houses have many advantages. These include:
- fast frame as well as the entire building. It takes only a couple of months from the moment of ordering to putting it into operation;
- the exterior of the building is dignified and modern;
- a house can be built by a team of four, and this saves money on attracting work force;
- it is very simple to perform due to the smooth and thoughtful frame of the entire building;
- the lightness of the design means that it will not be necessary to prepare a powerful foundation, and the shrinkage will be insignificant;
- in operation, this structure is economical, since it is not difficult to heat it;
- metal frame houses are durable;
- usually, environmentally friendly construction and decoration Materialstherefore the building does not "emit" harmful chemicals;
- such a structure can withstand seismically unstable zones. Due to the "elasticity" of the frame, the house can withstand shocks up to 9 points;
- according to rough estimates, a building can stand for more than a hundred years;
- this construction method allows you to embody various design ideas;
- metal frame houses are easy to repair, and at the same time a lot of money will not be spent;
- due to good noise insulation, extraneous noises from the yard do not penetrate into the house;
- construction work can be carried out during the cold season.
Does this technology have disadvantages?
It is known that each building has its own shortcomings. What can alert a person who is thinking about such a dwelling? Since we are talking about the entire system of such construction, you can pay attention to the material of the frame. It is made of galvanized steel, which itself has good thermal conductivity and tendency to corrosion, which is very dangerous for fine structure... But the manufacturers claim that they were able to compensate for these shortcomings with various compositions with which the metal is processed. It is also worth noting that metal frame houses must be erected by professionals. If mistakes are made during assembly, the entire structure will soon collapse. Therefore, it is important to note that it will not be possible to save money on the construction of a building by entrusting the work to amateurs.
A residential building made of metal frames is a solid and reliable structure that is being built in as soon as possible with minimal effort. The construction of such a building is carried out using steel lightweight thin-walled structures (LSTK), which are perforated profiles in the form of Latin letters Z, S, C. They give the building high level rigidity, guaranteeing the durability of its trouble-free operation.
Features of steel dwellings, their pros and cons
This technology has many advantages. It involves the use of ready-made metal parts, which are made for a specific project with high precision. This makes the construction process really simple. It is only necessary to correctly assemble all the elements in order to obtain a durable structure.
A metal-frame house is being built by 2-4 people in 3-8 weeks. Works are allowed to be carried out at any time of the year. Other advantages of private residential buildings made of specialized products include:
- environmental friendliness of the materials used;
- low weight of the frame and at the same time its high strength;
- no need to use heavy special equipment for the transportation and installation of steel elements;
- minimum costs for the arrangement of the foundation;
The iron house does not sit down during the construction phase and in the process of operation. It is easy to repair it if necessary, make reconstruction, change the external and internal finishes without affecting the metal frame itself.
The galvanized profile, from which the walls, roof and all ceilings are made, do not need to be additionally painted or processed in a special way. Building insulation is carried out with materials of various prices. Pick up the best option heat insulator is not difficult for any financial budget.
The disadvantage of a metal-frame house is the need for accurate calculations of the potential equalization system, which protects the building from atmospheric discharges and industrial electric currents. It is advisable to be performed by professionals.
The second disadvantage of the described buildings is some limitation in the choice of finishing and roofing materials. Structures made of steel profiles must not be clad with heavy products.
Frame dwellings are not covered with ceramic tiles due to their heavy weight... It is problematic to make a fireplace out of brick or stone in them.
Where to start building a metal house?
All work is carried out in stages. The first step is drawing up a project for the future home. It indicates:
- the size of the building and its individual rooms;
- thickness and number of metal profiles;
- location household appliances, heating radiators, furniture, various suspended structures.
Designing should be done by specialists. An ordinary self-taught master will not cope with this task.
After preparing all the necessary drawings, they are transferred to the plant, where they are made on special production lines. metal elements frame house. They are numbered, packaged and delivered to the customer.
Finished parts have holes for laying engineering systems and assembling profiles into a single structure. The kit for the construction of a steel building includes hardware and fittings.
The second stage of the event is the arrangement of the foundation. Frame structures installed on a light pile or shallow tape base.
The choice of a particular option depends on the characteristics of the soil at the site. Therefore, before starting work, it is recommended to conduct geological surveys in order to determine the characteristics of the soil.
An important point! Pipes for the organization of water supply, sewerage and others engineering Communication, necessary for the comfortable operation of a metal dwelling, are laid at the stage of arranging the foundation.
Assembling iron parts couldn't be easier
The technology for erecting walls, floors and other turnkey frame elements is really simple. The metal profiles delivered from the factory, as noted, are marked. A craftsman only needs to correctly dock them with his own hands, focusing on the diagram attached to the set of building materials.
The connection of individual parts is carried out using a screwdriver technique. This means that the work is carried out without using a welding machine.
Metal elements are fixed to each other with self-tapping screws, screws, bolts. There is no need to measure, cut profiles. Everything is calculated at the factory. Each zinc coated steel section has its own place. Due to this, the time spent on assembly work is calculated literally in hours.
The outside walls of the erected frame are finished with profiled sheets, oriented strand boards (OSB), sandwich panels, and special heating blocks. The latter of these products are now especially popular. They have three layers:
- Facade - made of high-density expanded clay concrete.
- Warming - expanded polystyrene PSB 25.
- Carrier - expanded clay with pores.
Heat blocks are stacked on cement mix or on a special adhesive. They are decorated by coloring. This operation is most conveniently carried out with a spray gun.
Wall cladding is allowed to be made of wood or plastic clapboard, easy decorative brick... If you want to give the house a special extravagance, it is sheathed with materials that imitate natural stone.
After installing the enclosing structures, they begin to warm the house with expanded polystyrene, mineral or ecowool. These materials must be covered with a vapor and moisture insulating film.
Heat protection is allowed to be made using polyurethane foam, gas and foam concrete. Such compositions are blown into the space between the walls, obtaining a homogeneous layer of increased density. It effectively retains heat, providing a comfortable temperature regime even in harsh winters.
The roof of metal-frame residential buildings is equipped with any not very heavy materials - wave slate, roofing material, ondulin. Selected products are mounted on a pre-laid vapor barrier... And on top they are covered with a waterproof film.
Progressive modern technologies step by step enter daily life... Construction is no exception. In search of a middle ground between price and quality, deserves special attention private house from a metal frame.
Lightweight steel thin-walled structures, LSTK, developed in Canada in the mid 50s of the last century. The technology was conceived as an alternative to frame houses.
Almost the same principle of the lung fast construction of a warm, durable building was complemented by the properties of metal. Unlike wood, metal not treated with antiseptics, the frame is durable, does not react to changes in humidity. In addition, on-site rework was kept to a minimum.
LSTK technology is distinguished by:
- increased energy saving measures;
- fast assembly without the use of construction machines;
- construction in winter;
- small staff of workers;
- lack of construction waste;
- the possibility of complete dismantling of the building.
TO disadvantages technologies include one of its positive qualities - low weight. In areas with heaving soils during prolonged frosts, the freezing soil expands, pushes out a structure that does not have sufficient mass. Foundation operated in difficult conditions, calculated especially carefully.
The next negative aspect is the absence in Russia of a regulatory framework regulating the construction of houses in this way.
At the moment, there is no single set of rules for the construction of LSTK buildings in Russia.
If, in the pursuit of profit, manufacturers reduce the thickness of the profile, the amount of zinc for processing - this does not meet the standard that should be regulated by certain buildings.
Important! It is necessary to choose a production that fully complies with the technology. The quality indicator is written guarantee for components and work.
There are also architectural restrictions - the wall of the second floor can only rest on the wall of the first floor. It is forbidden to support the structure on the floor.
What is a metal frame house made of?
The main element of LSTK is thin-walled galvanized profile, solid or perforated. A frame made of thin metal profiles, with proper calculation, becomes a reliable supporting structure. Galvanized profile does not oxidize, does not deform, does not rot.
The floor of any of the floors can withstand a load of up to 1000 kg. This indicator is comparable to the bearing capacity of the reinforced reinforced concrete slab... Insulation layers dampen sound waves and vibration.
Some of the profiles are perforated to reduce heat transfer and avoid "Cold bridges", do not let the heat go outside. The thickness of the profile offered by the market ranges from 0.75 to 3 mm.
The frame of the profiles is insulated, the outside is laid with two layers of gypsum fiber, after which the outer cladding is attached.
The outside of the building is finished with metal frame:
- siding, metal or vinyl;
- oSB, DSP, with subsequent plaster finishing;
- metal profiled sheet;
- brickwork.
From the side of the room is laid vapor barrier film, covered with material interior decoration... Between the film and the fence leave an air gap.
Typically for inner surface walls use gVL sheetsfinishing drywall sheets optional.
For insulation, materials are used only of a non-combustible group - mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam.
Wall and frame elements are assembled on mechanized assembly tables, delivered to construction site large-sized parts or individual racks, calibrated to the millimeter.
The thickness of the walls depends on the climatic region, varies within 150-300 mm, the number of storeys is limited to six.
Development of a project for a house from a metal frame
Typical projects based on the LSTK technology are standardized, it remains to choose the best option with the required climatic characteristics.
Individual house project performed by the manufacturer... The first stage will be the creation of technical specifications for the project. The terms of reference determines the desired size of the building in the axes, number of storeys, layout features, basic and finishing materials of the building.
In the places where wall furniture, hanging cabinets are attached, it is foreseen to strengthen the wall stiffness with additional profiles.
Average calculation of a private house project takes 2-5 business days... Miscalculations, errors, disparities, inconsistencies of parts must be eliminated in the factory. Sometimes the forums discuss the characteristic snapping of the frame when heated.
note
The crackle of a profile in the sun is possible only in case of errors in installation, profile trimming, and additional holes.
Correctly mounted, unmodified profiles do not make sounds.
The foundation for a house from a metal profile
The constructive type of foundation for a house made of LSTK should be taken according to the local conditions of the geological composition, the depth of winter freezing of the soil. Metal foundation frame house do not enhance, are often erected on their own. The weight square meter frame 30-45 kg, square meter of finished panel about 70 kg.
The following are optimal constructive decisions foundation:
- tape monolithic. Reinforced concrete tape is poured around the perimeter, under the internal load-bearing walls building;
- columnar. The load is taken by evenly distributed pillars, connected to each other by a beam at the tops;
- pile bored. The house rests on piles embedded in the drilled holes, also tied along the protruding heads;
- pile screw. Metal piles are screwed into the ground, scalded around the perimeter with a metal beam;
- slab monolithic foundation... The pit is torn off under the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building, a single reinforced slab is poured onto a sand cushion.
The most costly and time-consuming of the listed structures is slab. With the overall cost-effectiveness of the LSTK building project, slab foundation only being built on difficult mobile, peaty soilswhere, according to these conditions, another construction is impossible.
Strip foundation the most common for individual construction, combined with the device of basements, basements.
Trenching soil is physically easier for self-constructionthan drilling holes.
At the bottom of the trench, a sand cushion is lined, compacted, a formwork and a reinforcing cage are installed.
The formwork is concreted at a time. The concrete mix is \u200b\u200bcured until hardened.
For installation screw piles construction equipment required, but this is the only way effective in winter period... By pressing and screwing in, the metal pile, covered with a corrosion-protective paint, is deepened to the design point.
The choice of pile or columnar foundation excludes the use of space under the house for basements, cellars, basements.
The order of assembly of the steel frame, features
By finished foundation fits on the mastic roll waterproofing in two layers. Installation of the LSTK frame house takes place in the following sequence:
- laying the lower strapping profile;
- installation of wall racks, from the corner, controlling the verticality of the elements;
- installation of intermediate racks;
- overlapping fastening of the upper guide profiles;
- construction of a rafter system;
- laying of electrical wiring, engineering networks;
- installation facing materials with parallel insulation.
The strapping profile is attached to the foundation with anchors, the rest of the joints are connected with self-tapping screws.
Special requirements apply to the electrical safety of the building... Wiring and parsing points are carried out in strict accordance with the project. The rules for making connections, the ground loop, the power of the automatic fuses and their number are strictly observed.
Important! The roof contour must be grounded, a lightning rod is installed.
Self-construction of a metal-frame house
Installation of the frame of a one-story house made of LSTC with an area of \u200b\u200babout 100 squares takes 2-4 days when working together. Necessary tools just two: screwdriver and riveter.
The work is carried out strictly according to the instructions. The details are marked according to the assembly drawing and packaged separately.
Parts can be supplied in large assemblies with high factory readiness, while the complexity of the work is reduced, and the cost of the kit increases. The weight of the finished part does not exceed 100 kg, this is provided for ease of assembly.
If the profiles are disassembled, at the first stage the profiles that form one panel should be laid out in stacks. Racks can be mounted either individually or assembled in a plane. After the horizontal assembly, the panel is lifted and screwed onto the lower strapping profile.
Installation of window and doorways is carried out after the frame is sewn on the outside, before the insulation is laid. The insulation must remain dry.
Important! When wet, mineral wool insulation loses energy-saving and sound insulation properties... Wet mineral wool gives off an unpleasant odor when dry.
TO fine finish start immediately after the construction of the house box, without interrupting the construction for the shrinkage of the building.
Useful videos
Watch a video on how to avoid mistakes when erecting a metal frame for a house from LSTK:
An illustrative small video demonstrating the stages of building a cottage based on a metal frame, see:
The video below shows the advantages and disadvantages frame houses from LSTK, video from free course "What to build a house from":
Do not agree? Let's argue! Leave your comments, we will weigh all the pros and cons.
Do you dream to build a house with minimal labor, time and financial costs, so that all surfaces are perfectly flat and you do not need to install additional thermal insulation? In this article we will tell you how to build a house from a metal frame with your own hands, about its advantages over other methods of building buildings.
It will take no more than a month to construct a building of any shape and size from a metal frame and light or prefabricated sandwich panels.
- All parts are manufactured at one plant according to a pre-developed project.
- When designing, an accurate calculation of the weight of the entire structure is immediately made, which makes it possible to accurately calculate the foundation and the amount necessary materials for his device.
- Compact lightweight elements of the building do not need to rent a large amount of transport for transportation and significantly reduce the construction time.
- No need to use heavy machinery when assembling the frame.
- Lack of debris and waste at the construction site.
- Metal frame construction can be carried out at any time, since no walls are used for mortarstaking time to solidify.
- The ability to install large spans without the use of special support structures.
- Installation of building elements is carried out only using bolted connections.
Project development
You will have to make a choice between developing an individual project and already ready-made options standard projects of metal frame houses. In order for the house to turn out to be strong and reliable, highly qualified specialists with experience in carrying out engineering calculations of metal frame structures must work on the project. The services of such specialists will cost you a decent amount. The cost of typical projects and small changes in them is much lower.
Foundation
Easy metal structure the building does not need a high-strength foundation. Shallow tape concrete foundation - the best option for building a house from a metal frame and sandwich panels. Regular simple construction made of reinforced concrete is capable of withstanding even a two-story structure. You can install a pile-strip foundation.
The choice of the type of foundation is influenced primarily by the result of geological research. Communications are laid during the laying of the foundation.
House frame
The metal profiles used for the assembly of the frame undergo a special hot-dip galvanizing process in factories and are coated with anti-corrosion enamels or mixtures. For the construction of cottages, a thin-walled or standard metal profile is used. All structural elements are perfect for interior and exterior cladding and installation of windows, doors and partitions.
Special knowledge and extensive experience are not required to work with metal structures. All parts and holes are made with extreme precision. Structural elements are delivered to the construction site with special markings applied at the factory, which greatly facilitates their installation.
The assembly of the frame of the house is carried out using the so-called screwdriver technology. This became possible thanks to the use of a new method of manufacturing parts at the factory. You will not need to measure anything or cut unnecessary lengths. All elements are strictly calculated and made according to your home project. Each detail has its own place and purpose.
Walling
When the work on the construction of the metal frame is over, it is the turn of the installation of the enclosing elements, of which the walls will consist.
The house will turn out to be especially warm if you use prefabricated structures. Sheathe the outer side of the wall with a profiled sheet and lay insulation. Using mineral wool it is necessary to install a waterproofing layer. Next, you should sheathe the house with inside boards and start finishing.
Sandwich panels consist of polymer coated profiled galvanized sheets, polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam. The size of the panels is made according to the project of the house. The finished sandwich panels can be painted immediately at the factory. Working with such enclosing structures is quick and easy. Sandwich panels are characterized by high resistance to impact external environment, good fire resistance, environmental friendliness and excellent thermal insulation properties.
For frame buildings, a new one is often used modern material - heat blocks.
The unique composition of the heat block includes insulation, and this is a direct guarantee of savings throughout the entire operational period. House built from heating blocks in cold winter will delight you with warmth and comfort, and in hot summers with light coolness and fresh air.
The unusual surface of heat blocks does not need additional processing, which saves money and time for decorative finishing... From the outside, it is enough to paint the hay in any color using a spray gun. Metal frame houses using heat blocks can be built at any height.
It is necessary to perform horizontal reinforcement of the masonry every four rows.
For masonry of heat blocks, special glue is used or cement mortar... The seam should be no more than 5 mm.
Outdoor decoration
For internal and exterior decoration metal frame buildings can be used with almost all finishing materials on the construction market. You must make the choice yourself according to your personal preferences. The most economical option would be to use heat blocks or sandwich panels for fencing metal structures. There is a desire to give your home some extravagance - make the wall decoration material that imitates natural stone.
Using modular blocks, you can make an extension to an existing building at any time. A metal frame house does not shrink and is able to withstand even a 9-point earthquake. This is one of the best modern designs residential buildings that bring excellent cost savings even after construction.
Video
We invite you to learn more about this construction technology from this video.
Low-rise metal frame houses are popular all over the world. According to statistics, housing construction on a frame made of metal profiles occupies 80% of all buildings. The main regions-consumers of this technology are Scandinavia, USA, Canada.
Such houses have many advantages compared to capital buildings and houses built on a timber frame.
Distinctive features of metal frame houses:
- strength;
- durability;
- short construction time of buildings;
- inertness to weather and climatic conditions;
- low cost;
- resistance to heat loss;
- high fire safety;
- seismic resistance;
- environmental friendliness;
- freedom in the choice of architectural solutions;
- non-shrinking technology.
The iron frame, its elements - light steel thin-walled structures, consists of galvanized profiles and thermal profiles, fastening bands and plates for assembling the frame, different kind corners. They are not subject to decay, withstand temperature extremes, precipitation, and are resistant to the elements. The steel profile can serve as the basis of the structure without damage for over 100 years.
It is possible to construct a building on a LSTC frame within a month. The parts of the base of the building are lightweight, which makes it possible to exclude the use of hoists and cranes. Fastening of frame parts is carried out using threaded connections. These include: self-drilling or tapping screws, bolted connections.
Features of houses on a metal frame
Frame house building is not tied to the climate in the region. The metal frame for the house can be assembled in any climatic zone, the main condition for weather conditions - comfort for workers performing installation.
The emergence and development of the technology for the construction of residential buildings on metal frames is caused by the need to quickly erect low-rise buildings from materials cheaper than wood and the ability to establish industrial production of frame parts.
The final cost of a frame house from metal profile and sandwich panels are significantly lower than the construction of bricks, aerated blocks, wood and ceramic blocks.
High thermal insulation characteristics of structures are provided by high-quality insulation. It is much easier and more economical to heat such buildings. Heat transfer resistance frame wall 25 cm thick is equal to 1.5 m masonry.
Sandwich panels used in frame construction use mineral wool insulation. Its temperature range is -60 ... + 400ᵒС. Characteristics wall panels make the house resistant to acids and other aggressive environments, temperature differences, fire. The material from which they are made does not accumulate moisture, is resistant to damage by rodents and microorganisms.
Mineral wool insulation is natural and environmentally friendly. LSTK frame elements can be reused. This property is highly prized by mining companies that are building rotational camps. So the ecology of the regions is less damaged.
Due to the low weight of the base and sandwich panels, the buildings do not shrink. In buildings constructed using this technology, it is possible to use different architectural possibilities, since the spans without installing intermediate supports can reach 14-24 m.
Disadvantages of a metal profile frame
The metal base has several disadvantages.
- In a fire, the base of galvanized iron loses its rigidity, the building turns in a spiral, it collapses, warps. This feature reduces the time to evacuate residents. Wooden beams, as opposed to iron, is charred under the influence of fire, but it keeps its shape.
- The complexity of the installation of built-in furniture and household appliances. To solve the problem at the design stage, the houses are determined with the places of their installation, which are reinforced with additional profiles and wooden panels.
- Limited number of storeys of the house and the impossibility of using heavy building materials.
- High conductivity electric current metal frame. The protection against this problem is the potential balancing system.
Manufacturing and installation of a frame made of LSTC
The skeleton of a house is made from C- and U-profiles. They are connected with self-tapping screws. The spacing between the posts is 600-1000 mm. It takes into account the dimensions of the insulation panels and allows you to conveniently attach other finishing materials.
If the house is being built according to an individual project, then after its development and approval of all the nuances of the placement of furniture and household appliances in the premises of the future building, a 3D model of the house is made. This allows customers to see the final result in miniature. At the end of the design process, the drawings are transferred to the plant that produces metal frame parts.
On the production line, each part is made separately, numbered, packaged. Finished parts are equipped with holes for fasteners and utilities. To mount the skeleton of a house, the kit includes connecting elements for the base parts.
Buildings by individual projects are much more expensive than houses made according to standard designs. To reduce the cost of housing construction, you can use a standard project with a frame made of thermoprofile or light steel thin-walled structures using Canadian technology. It differs from other technologies for fast construction of buildings - a frame made of LSTC and special SIP panels with special thermal insulation characteristics.
In the case of construction of housing on typical project the customer receives a finished frame of a certain size and shape. Base parts are marked and packaged according to house drawings.
As a heater, in addition to mineral wool, you can use:
- basalt slabs;
- expanded polystyrene;
- ecowool.
Brick and porcelain stoneware are used to decorate the exterior walls of the house. Often, hinged ventilated facades are used as finishing the facades of frame buildings. different types... Such finishing materials as siding and block house are becoming more and more popular. Plastering and painting of facade walls have not lost their relevance.
Complete with details of the frame and connecting elements, the customer receives a description of the project, recommendations and instructions for assembling the frame, a specification of all elements.