In this article we will consider the question of what advantages a gable roof with windows has, why we need windows on the roof, what types of roof windows exist, and is it necessary to disturb the integrity at all? roofing, performing the installation of the described element.
Is it necessary to install roof windows? If the house has large area, if the space under the roof is being developed for housing, yes. The described element helps to arrange attic ventilation; if done correctly, it easily becomes an effective design move that allows you to complete the overall stylistic concept. Simple dormer windows- these are doors to the roof, they allow, if something happens, to repair the roof and help evacuate in case of fire.
The roof window can be different shapes, of different designs. The next section of the article will help you understand how one type differs from another.
Types of dormer windows
A roof window is a glazed frame built into the roof plane. The shape of this frame may vary. Experts distinguish four main types of structures. They are clearly shown in the published photo.
Frame in gable wall
A window in a gable wall is the simplest option for installing a glazing frame. Located between two slopes, it can be of any shape: triangular, round, oval, trapezoidal.
The most popular option is the rectangular dormer window. It is easy to assemble and install such a frame with your own hands, without the help of specialists. Semicircular frames have unusual name. People called them "bull's eye". A frame of this shape looks very impressive on tiled roofs. This type of dormer windows has one advantage - the absence of sharp corners prevents the accumulation of snow; rainwater drains from such a frame immediately, without lingering on its protrusions.
Triangular dormer windows often decorate the roofs of country mansions. The side walls of this design are replaced by slopes located at an angle of 60 degrees to each other. The triangular design of the frame has certain features: their main purpose is to ensure inflow fresh air into the attic. The triangular design does not facilitate the penetration of sunlight, so such structures are not used to illuminate the attic. The side walls of a triangular window do not need to be carefully sealed. And all because they are connected to the roof using a valley or valley irregular shape. The front part of the triangular frame is not recessed into the roof; it is flush with the rest of the walls. For special effect, a dormer window triangular shape must be located closer to the lower tier of the roof.
Installing such a design is quite simple. There is no need to construct additional roofing elements for this. Most often, those who are going to make an auditory opening on their own choose this particular option for its installation.
Dormer
Dormer is a frame design that is located above the roof slope. It is quite difficult for non-professionals to do it themselves. And all because before installation it is necessary to carry out complex calculations. The main condition for installation is the need to strengthen the supporting structure on the gable roof and to waterproof the frame well before glazing. The photo shows all types of dormer, you can make it gable, arched, built-in, panoramic, triangular.
Note! The chosen version of the dormer window must be combined with the architectural style of the house.
Antidormer
Antidormer, its design is directly opposite to the design of the dormer. It also settles on the slope of the roof, but does not come out of the roof, but, on the contrary, goes deep into the roof of the roof. Designing this type of frame is easier than drawing up a drawing of a dormer, but despite this, the anti-dormer has taken root poorly in Russia. And all because the described design reduces the usable area of the attic space.
Dormer windows
A slanted window (also known as a dormer window) is in line with the slope of the roof. The use of metal-plastic allows you to perform attic option any configuration. Such an element does little to help decorate the roof, but without it it can be arranged daylight an attic space is not possible. Choice this option justified when the attic is converted into living space.
Installation of dormer windows is carried out between two rafters located adjacent to each other. Such window frames can only be installed where the roof slope is at least 20 degrees. Otherwise, the attic window will become an obstacle to water flows. In this case, no amount of waterproofing will save the roof from leaking.
There is no point in making frames for skylights yourself. It is better to buy ready-made glass units produced in a factory. Its design is carefully designed and developed in such a way as to eliminate the very possibility of flooding of the roof space. Installing a ready-made window is not particularly difficult. The support frames are attached directly to the roof. The attic double-glazed window can be opened for ventilation even during rain.
Design Features
Many years of experience in installing frames in roofs allowed us to formulate basic rules for their placement. You should definitely familiarize yourself with them in advance.
- Firstly, any dormer window should not be located close to the ridge of the roof, or to the eaves of the roof. Window frames should not be installed close to the front parts of the roof.
- Secondly, when installing two elements located adjacent to each other, the distance between the two elements should not be less than 80 cm. If the location is closer, it will be impossible to lay the roofing. The closer location of the dormer windows provokes some difficulties during the operation of the roof. For example, this will certainly make it difficult to carry out preventive measures, the close location of dormer windows will provoke the accumulation of snow on the roof in winter. And this is also not good from an operational point of view.
- Thirdly, dormer windows can be installed only on those roofs whose slope angle is at least 35 degrees.
Note! Cuttings and tie-ins into the overall roof frame system cannot be made.
Installation features
We will describe the features of installing a dormer frame using the example of installing a dormer.
It is necessary to install dormer windows on the roof immediately after installing the general rafter system. To do this, it is necessary to assemble the fronts, rafters and ridge beams. Then a drawing of the dormer is drawn up in advance. It should look something like the one shown in the photo.
As you can see in the photo, the frame of the dormer is assembled from beams. The walls of the dormer window rest on the roof guides, and the beams are attached to them at right angles. If the window width exceeds the standard dimensions, the load on the rafters will be increased. To prevent the roof from collapsing, where the dormer will be installed on the rafters, another one is placed next to one beam, increasing the stability of the rafters.
Note! It is better to fasten the dormer wall posts to the double rafters with special fasteners metal corners. Jumpers should not be used for these purposes. They will help weaken the entire structure of the dormer.
The next stage is the construction of the window frame frame. In essence, it is a miniature roof, which is why it is so important to carry out preliminary correct calculations the structure being described. First, the window openings are fencing using durable wooden beams, which roofers call legs. The photo shows this stage. They will take on the load of the entire frame.
The cross beams are laid in such a way that the lower one lies parallel to the wall of the house, the upper one - where the height of the future window ends. Longitudinal bars are installed. They help secure the frame to the top beam of the rafter guide. On at this stage you need to arm yourself building level and check their location assembled frame vertically and horizontally. It is important to “cut out” all the elements of the dormer in advance, according to the drawing made; the assembly of the dormer frame is carried out according to the photo, which shows the schematic structure of the dormer window.
Note! The roofing on a gable roof is installed simultaneously with the roofing of the dormer window. Only in this case is it possible to construct a solid coating that is durable and of high quality, capable of withstanding the effects of precipitation.
The front sides of the dormer are pre-sheathed with either moisture-resistant plywood or sheets of OSB boards. Roofing material is laid on top of them. In order for the slopes of the dormer windows to be connected to the slope of the roof, valleys are used.
Generalization on the topic
If you want to install a dormer window on your roof, you must contact specialists. Their help will help you choose the right frame design that will best fit into your stylistic decision Houses. It is important to begin installation work by drawing up a drawing of the frame structure. Usually, modern manufacturers windows produce ready-made double-glazed windows standard sizes. The easiest way is to take them as a basis and, starting from such decisions, make calculations of the structure of the dormer window frame. If you study the topic in advance, watch a training video, you can try to install it yourself decorative element on the roof. The main thing in this matter is not to rush, carefully think through all stages of work in advance and strictly follow the planned plan. When working on a roof, you must follow safety rules, always wear insurance, and never work on top alone.
Windows are not only the “eyes” of our home, but also a source of natural light and ventilation. The latter is very important for the attic or attic. There are different types of skylights. To install them correctly, you can hire a specialist, but you can also do it yourself a good option. We will tell you further about what windows are like and how to install them yourself.
Types of roof windows
Windows for both walls and roofs come in different shapes and sizes. Some of them are considered more decorative to give the roof a beautiful and unusual design– such windows are more often used for the attic. Other types are more focused on ventilation, providing high-quality ventilation premises, as well as for good lighting if there is no other light source in the attic or attic.
Also, when installing a skylight, you should focus on which roof you will need to install it in. The roof can be flat, pitched or gable. It happens that the roof has semicircular elements. All these nuances must be taken into account when purchasing a roof window in order to ensure not only correct installation, but also the necessary functionality. This is the ability to open the window, the correct drainage, and water does not flow into the structure, and moisture also accumulates so that the right amount of light gets through the window.
Choosing a window for different types of roofing
There are two options for obtaining a window - make it yourself or buy a ready-made one. The first option is cheaper, but the second is preferable, although it will cost more. But it was done taking into account all the nuances that a non-professional may not even be aware of, in order to implement them in his window.
What to look for:
- Triangular windows - this type is also installed on a roof with slopes. These windows do not have side walls; instead, the roof slopes themselves protrude. It turns out that there are fewer joints between the roof and the window, therefore, there is not as much waterproofing material and overall there is less installation work. Typically, triangular windows are used for those attic spaces that have other types of lighting, since the shape of the window does not allow much light from outside to enter. In addition, providing them with convenient opening is quite problematic. But such windows look unusual and tasteful.
Roof with semicircular shapes - this type of roof is quite original in itself. But frames for them are made only to order. It is necessary to take into account all sizes and shapes so that the frame fits snugly - this should be done by a specialist. Windows inserted into the openings of such roofs look like a glove, which gives the entire structure an image of fluidity. This type of roof window is also considered decorative - they have an interesting design and are often used for residential attics, as a source of soft and subdued lighting. In a room, as in the case of triangular windows, it is desirable to have some other light source.
Important: quadrangular windows can be installed on a roof with a slope of 15°.
How to choose the right window
To make it easier to understand what window will do specifically for your roof, you must clearly determine for yourself its further purpose. If the window is planned as an interior decoration inside and outside the attic, creating a play of light and shadow, then you can take windows of various non-standard forms. They are perfect for any type of roof. But at the same time, do not forget to take care of another method of ventilation and lighting in the room, and you can also install a “blind” window that will not open.
Well, if you are thinking of installing a window for a practical purpose in the roof - that is, to be able to ventilate the room, create high-quality ventilation and good lighting, then it’s better to take a standard quadrangular window. It should open and close conveniently, including a ventilation mode. Of course, you need to take care of high-quality waterproofing. If you approach the matter creatively, then such windows can also look stylish and beautiful in the roof and create interesting lighting.
Important: windows come in two versions - inclined and vertical. Experts recommend installing the first one for two reasons - more light and ease of installation.
Installation of a skylight
If speak about vertical version installation of a window, it’s worth saying that many people don’t really like it, because such installation of a window into the roof requires a separate rafter system. Then, due to the resulting slopes, almost half less light enters the room than in the case of an inclined installation option. In addition, the inclined window from the side looks like a single structure with blood. Next, we will talk about how to install it in the roof.
What you will need:
Tools - level, tape measure, chisel, pliers, saw, nails, as well as
Drywall;
Window frame – area for glass 0.7 m2
Material for waterproofing, insulation, and interior decoration;
Window flashing for sealing;
screw cutting machine and angles for fastening.
Installation process:
First you need to prepare the roof and opening. At the same level as the sheathing, the roof should be fitted with battens where the installation will take place.
Using a saw, cut out the opening - its dimensions should be 45 mm larger than the window frame.
Then screw the mounting brackets into the grooves in the corners of the box using self-tapping screws.
Before fixing the window frame in the roof opening, you need to lay a waterproofing layer and insulation on the sides. In this case, some part of the material should protrude out; you will then remove all excess with a knife.
Insert the window frame into the opening, lightly fasten it there on the sides, but not tightly.
After that, fix it well and check all the gaps. If everything is adjusted correctly, fully tighten all fasteners.
Attach the side strip and cut off the excess waterproofing.
Secure the vertical slats.
Press the strips tightly against the frame and close them with the lid.
The corrugation is attached to the outer part of the roof, and the vertical parts of the edges need to be brought inward.
Depending on what your roof is made of, you need to remove the excess seal along its line - just carefully cut it off with a knife.
The box is ready - insert the frame. Make sure that all seals are made correctly.
Important: be very careful and attentive when cutting the opening for the window. Its size should be about 45 mm, and this must be clearly measured. If you end up with an opening that is too large, it won't be easy to fix. In addition, it will spoil appearance roofs.
Triangular and semicircular windows are placed in the roof a little differently, but in general the system is the same. You can easily cope with this if you study the recommendations well. The differences depend on the shape of the roof, as well as the type of window. But in any case, you can contact a specialist.
In conclusion, I would like to say that skylights are installed not only to provide ventilation and lighting in the attic space, but also as a beautiful design solution for the attic. It is often used as a living room, and tastefully installed windows can greatly decorate the interior. The unusual penetration of sunlight will create a pleasant atmosphere. Skylights are not only practical, but also stylish, so their selection and installation should be approached carefully.
VIDEO
There are many options for building roof designs. Most often, both in civil engineering and in the private sector, sloping roofs are installed for administrative and residential buildings. They have a number of advantages and are often equipped with dormer windows, which are quite possible to make with your own hands. Their shape and location may differ from each other, but they all perform the same functions.
Purpose
- Lighting of the under-roof space (attic or attic space).
- Its high-quality ventilation.
- In some cases, there is direct access to the roof for routine inspection and repair work.
- They often play the role of an integral part of the entire architectural composition, and sometimes as an emergency exit.
Modern dormers are not only small houses with their own walls and ceiling, but also have many other design options.
According to execution they are divided:
- with a flat, single or gable, hip roof;
- panoramic;
- attic (built-in);
- all-glass (“rooflight”).
The window itself may be various shapes: round, square, rectangular, triangular, oval. But, regardless of its design, during construction it is necessary to adhere to certain generally accepted standards. If it is planned to install a dormer window, then this should be taken into account at the stage of construction of the building.
What to consider
The steepness of the slope
To prevent moisture from penetrating into the attic (attic) in the window area, it is necessary to ensure its natural drainage from the roof. Therefore, the slope must be at least 5 0 for flat roofs and 15 0 and above for pitched roofs.
When determining the steepness, it is necessary to focus on the climate in the place of residence (precipitation intensity, prevailing winds, location of the house). Therefore, you need to select the most compromise option.
Form
The most “profitable” is triangular. This configuration of the window opening is attractive because the “contact line” of the frame of the dormer window house with the roof is much smaller than that of a square or rectangular profile. This is where moisture is most likely to penetrate into the under-roof space. Choosing a triangular window significantly reduces the volume compulsory work for waterproofing this problem area.
At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that this form of window opening will somewhat reduce the illumination inside the attic space. Therefore, it is advisable to place the façade of the window in line with the wall of the building.
Window location
Depending on the size of the roof, its configuration and the overall architectural design, window openings can be located either on one line (horizontally) or in 2 rows (in a checkerboard pattern). When determining their number, you need to take into account that experts advise observing the following condition: the total width of all openings should be more than half the length of the edge of the roof slope.
The distance from the attic floor to the bottom row of windows is taken to be 1 m. Let us consider the technology for constructing a dormer window using the example of a triangular profile.
Operating procedure
By analogy with the arrangement of the roof of the entire house, all necessary materials(steam and waterproofing, insulation). The line of contact between the frame of the dormer window house and the roof is additionally sealed with special corners, clamping bars etc. Self-expanding tapes, mastic compounds and various sealants are excellent.
Knowing all these installation features, you can build a dormer window of any profile. However, everything has its own nuances.
Became in Lately popular windows provide significantly more light. To install them, you do not need to build a separate frame, since they lie in the same plane with the roof of the house and are attached to its rafter system using special plates. But it is recommended to install them provided that the slope of the roof ensures good drainage of water from its surface (about 15 0 - 20 0).
However self-production is inappropriate, since errors in calculations are quite possible. It's better to buy ready-made plastic window and install in place. This design is rotary, its axis of rotation lies in horizontal plane and is located in the middle.
About 15% of all heat loss in any building occurs through windows. Therefore, when determining their sizes, it is necessary to make an “adjustment” for the climate and location of the building.
If a viewing window is installed on the roof of an already built house, then its frame is attached to the rafters. But YOU CAN'T MAKE INSERTS!!! Only staples, nails, overhead elements (metal strips, corners). Otherwise, the strength of the entire supporting structure will decrease.
Daylight attic room The higher the dormer window is mounted, the better it will be.
We should not forget about the need for high-quality preparation of wood - drying it and impregnating it with special compounds.
Many owners country houses They are trying to turn the attic into a full-fledged living space. One of the requirements for such premises is access to fresh air, as well as the proper level of illumination. Installing a window in the roof can solve both problems at once. This solution is very popular today and most often owners prefer to hire third-party contractors for this task, although this can be done independently. So, how to install a roof window?
Installation of roof windows
The delivery package most often includes the following components:
- awning or roller shutters for external shading;
- salary for protection from negative atmospheric influences;
- the window itself is a closed hermetically sealed system;
- waterproofing sealant;
- internal slopes.
Of course, you can also find more modest sets on sale, but it is recommended to choose the option with built-in curtains. Due to the fact that the structure itself will be located at an angle, classical means of darkening may not be effective.
Planning and calculations
Installing a roof window into a finished roof should begin with the planning stage. First of all, you will need to calculate the required dimensions. The formula for calculation is quite simple: 1 square meter of glazing for every 10 square meters premises.
It is also necessary to choose the correct height at which the windows will be installed. The location of the skylights should be selected in such a way that the lower part of the frame rises 1-1.5 meters above the floor level.
The lower part of the frame should be 1-1.5 m above the floor level The choice of installation location and size of a roof window in a metal tile or soft roof should be made in such a way that, if possible, it does not affect the rafter system during installation. The dimensions should allow the window frame to be mounted between the rafters and leave a margin of about 10 cm.
Work plan and tools
Whether it is installing a roof window in a soft roof or a metal tile, for any option, the installation instructions are as follows:
- preparing the opening;
- frame installation;
- heat and waterproofing;
- preparation of the drainage system;
- installation of flashing parts;
- installation of double-glazed windows;
- interior finishing, including installation of slopes and vapor barrier.
Installing roof windows with your own hands is quite a feasible task, but the master will not be able to do it without a suitable tool:
- screwdriver and screws;
- wooden slats and beams;
- level;
- nails;
- materials for heat and waterproofing.
Window installation
Once the location for installing the skylights has been selected, the planned work site should be marked out in advance. Following the outline, several holes are made in the material to unload the materials of the roofing pie - this will help to avoid their damage in the process. Cut the opening using a circular saw or band saw. It is important to cut diagonally, and not along the contour, then cut off the vertices of the resulting triangles and only after that form an opening.
The opening in the roof is formed using a circular saw. Separately, it should be noted the work with roofing material. Installation of roof windows in metal tiles is carried out in the same way as in the case of corrugated sheets or sheet iron. If we are talking about skylights in a seam roof or similar materials, then the casing will first need to be disassembled.
Frame installation and adjustment
Important: for safety reasons, frames are mounted without glass. It can only be established in the final stages.
It is recommended to install the frame without glass When installing a frame for roof windows, you should immediately carefully fasten the lower brackets, but you should not tighten the fastening of the upper ones to the end - this will then help you adjust the sash more easily. This is done using a level. If any deviations in the inserted window are found, they should be eliminated using plastic corners - these spare parts are often included in the delivery kit. It is also recommended to briefly insert the glass into the frame to check the quality of the installation. Once the adjustment is completed, tighten the screws.
Insulation and drainage
After the fasteners are securely wrapped, thermal and waterproofing material will need to be laid around the frame for greater tightness. The waterproofing apron is fixed using a stapler.
Waterproofing is fixed using a stapler The drainage gutter is made at the top of the frame. Two pieces are cut out of the sheathing directly above the opening to fit the size of the drainage gutter. A piece of waterproofing material is also prepared of similar sizes. The gutter is inserted under the cuttings of waterproofing and attached to the sheathing. It must be installed at an angle, otherwise the sealing will suffer - rainwater may go out the window.
Today, two main types of flashing are used for different rebates. The first is used to work with flat roofing material, the second - with wavy ones. Companies involved in the production of skylights include the frame in the delivery package. The principle of working with both types is identical.
The window frame is included in the delivery of the structure, and installation rules are described in the manufacturer’s instructions The first step is to attach the lower part of the dormer window frame. It should be installed in such a way that the waterproofing apron extends both beyond the frame itself and beyond the roofing sheets. Then you should move on to the side components. The edges of these elements must be laid on the frame itself.
The window frame is attached to the sheathing and frame The seal is laid along the outer part of the frame. Most often, it, fasteners and all other components are included in the package, but in some cases they will have to be purchased later. In any case, after these steps, you should carefully check everything for accuracy and strength, because Replacing or repairing roof windows, if necessary, will cause a lot of trouble.
Installation of double-glazed windows and interior finishing
At the next stage of installing roof windows, you will need to return the double-glazed window to the frame. This is done quite simply, but the technology depends on the manufacturer, so the process itself is comprehensively described in the manual.
The glass unit is installed at the very last stage, the finish is chosen to match the interior Also, the interior decoration of the skylights should not cause problems - it all depends on personal preferences. In addition, many manufacturers also add special cladding solutions to the set of roof windows. Most often, the kit includes sealant, a miter box and a template. Such templates are equally good at installing and removing, if necessary.
As an alternative, you can use regular drywall, but from mechanical installation structures in this case you should refuse.
Features of attic window insulation
Separate mention should be made about working with insulation on the roof. Very often, improper insulation of roof windows results in many problems with its operation. Many inexperienced builders prefer to use conventional insulation. polyurethane foam. This should not be done: expansion of the material can lead to distortions and problems with insulation. The right technology During installation, we recommend using materials in the form of stone wool mats with a long service life.
For thermal insulation of a roof window, it is best to use stone wool As additional measure It is highly recommended to install heating devices under the attic window. The flow of warm air will equally warm up the window slopes and protect from condensation. Metal elements should not be used for installing insulation - they can form cold bridges.
This is all you need to know about installing a roof window in a soft roof or tile. Despite the apparent complexity, the process itself is quite simple and requires not so much skill as time.
For many centuries, the attic of a residential building has served its owners as an indispensable storage facility for all necessary and unnecessary things. In addition to its main purpose, the attic provides wonderful libraries, living rooms and comfortable dressing rooms. But if you leave such rooms under a roof without sunlight and natural ventilation, all things stored here will simply deteriorate from mold and the smell of dampness.
After all, three factors are needed for mold to attack everything it can - warmth, darkness and lack of fresh air. Why, in any attic, regardless of its purpose and insulation, it is mandatory, according to building codes and regulations, to have an attic window - in all its diversity. And now we will tell you how to choose the desired form, understand the main functions and install the window yourself.
Attic windows have been around for a very long time, and they have a rich history. In Rus', all house owners tried to decorate such an element, paying no less attention to it than to a standard window frame on the ground floor.
You will also be interested to know why an attic window is sometimes called a dormer window. It’s just that “hearing” has long in Rus' meant “hole”, “wiretapping”, “vent”, an opening for hearing; that is, a dormer window is a “hearing” in the roof. Such windows were always needed in order to properly dry the hay in the attic and prevent the wind from tearing off the roof. How? Now we will reveal all the secrets.
Here is a short overview of dormer attic windows:
And a little about attics:
First, let's figure out what functions modern attic windows already have and which of them are important, first of all, for you.
Types of attic spaces and their requirements for windows
So, there are two main types of attics: cold and warm. And they are quite different from each other in matters such as ventilation, internal temperature and insulation.
In a cold attic there is usually natural ventilation, which allows you to maintain a temperature at which condensation and frost do not form, and free movement air, in turn, relatively reduces heat loss from the lower rooms of the house. Those. cold attic- This is a thermal cushion between the living rooms of the house and the roof. Such an attic is great for storing household and household items, and two windows for ventilation and a threshold amount of light are sufficient.
But in a warm attic, inclined walls are usually insulated. The residential attic is heated through an uninsulated ceiling warm air from the bottom living rooms, and only occasionally are the attic floors specially insulated - if there is a bathhouse or sauna underneath it, and at night it is impossible to live in such an under-roof dwelling due to the heat.
Also, in addition to the windows themselves, special ventilation units are usually installed here. And therefore, there are much more requirements for an attic window: light, design, ease of opening and closing. And all these efforts make sense: it is quite difficult to do without a warm attic when there is not enough space in a residential building. And it’s already a matter of time.
Therefore, let's figure out which specific type of attic requires which windows.
Functions and purposes of attic windows
The main and primary function of an attic window is ventilation. It doesn’t matter whether the attic is residential, like an attic, or whether we are talking about a technical room. In principle, in this all types of attic windows are very similar, the only difference is how convenient it is to open them and whether they will close at all.
Let us immediately highlight another important purpose of windows for a cold attic: not so much ventilation, but equalizing the pressure inside with the street during periods of strong winds.
After all, when the wind flows around the roof, the air pressure in the attic will always be lower than outside, and according to the law of physics, the wind will have a lifting force. It is she who tears the roofs off houses during hurricanes. But properly organized dormer windows prevent the formation of such a nuisance.
The next purpose is attic lighting. Moreover, it is important not only the fact that valuable sunlight penetrates under the roof, but also that it is not gloomy in such a room. For a residential attic this is important from an aesthetic point of view, and for a cold attic - from a practical point of view, because the same mold feels quite good in semi-darkness, not only in darkness.
There is already a huge difference in what shape of window you install: some give a little light, others are rich in direct sunlight, from which you have to protect yourself, and still others, like a panorama or skylight, are indispensable for creating a cozy bright attic without a single dark corner.
An attic window sometimes also serves as a way to access the roof if it is additionally installed as an inspection or technical window. But a stylish roof window has more than once saved someone’s life in the event of a fire. Therefore, it is always better to make an opening through which you can get out yourself.
So what should you choose?
Our verdict: if you are now faced with the question of whether it is worth installing small windows in the attic, or whether it is better to give preference to beautiful attic products, choose the second option. The fact is that, as shown modern life, more and more often simple attics in residential buildings converted into residential premises.
It’s just that sooner or later the owners of the house come to the idea that it would be nice to arrange Personal Area, put exercise equipment there or make a creative mini-library. Or even place a billiard room there or convert the attic into a guest room with a home theater.
Finally, under the roof you get a wonderful children’s playroom, where you can throw toys around to your heart’s content, play noisily with the neighbors’ kids, and not bother anyone at home. This is when the problem arises: there seems to be a window, but there is very little light under the roof. And no one wants to climb to break walls and dismantle the rafter system, and this is often fraught with new roofing problems. Therefore, if you are currently building a house, but expect that for another five to ten years there will be only old things in the attic, let them gather dust in good light.
Shapes and types of attic windows
Have you decided on the functions? Now is the time to choose the right shape and design.
Attic windows can be of various shapes, and even perform important decorative functions for the exterior of the house. In total they are divided into the following types:
- auditory, or technical window on a flat roof;
- attic window. A standard attic window gives in a little less light than a dormer window due to its more compact size.
- semicircular window. The semicircular shape looks quite attractive on absolutely any home and serves as a designer decoration in itself.
- quadrangular window with pitched roof;
- window with hip roof;
- attic window with flat roof. The attic window with a flat roof has a special design: it has additional gutters, thanks to which water does not linger on the top cover.
- with trapezoidal roof or panoramic;
- oval window;
- window rectangular shape. A rectangular attic window is similar to a regular window complex with a flat roof. The only point: this roof needs to have a slope of 15 degrees.
- triangular window. A triangular dormer window for an attic is most often built in country houses and dachas. This design does not have walls or a canopy - these functions are performed by the roof slopes themselves. As a result, such a window has much fewer joints, which is valuable in itself: there are fewer problems with waterproofing. But if top part such a window is the vertex of the triangle, then the lighting functions will be slightly lower. But the most popular today is the design of an attic window with a semicircular shape, which is also funny called “bat” or “frog”.
- window with panoramic view;
- clerestory. If the attic window is designed to provide more lighting, then a so-called skylight is installed.
Look how simple an arched attic window is to make and how beautiful it is in practice:
And now a little about the pros and cons of each type.
Standard windows: simple and unpretentious
One of the most simple options- install the most ordinary windows in gable walls. But this option is possible only if the roof itself is pitched or gable. But if it has many facets and is of complex architecture, then nothing will work out. In addition, just one window may not be enough for a residential attic, especially if the view from this window is not so great.
See how simple it is in practice:
Panoramic windows: a lot of light and a beautiful view
Today, panoramic skylights are especially popular, providing uniform illumination throughout the attic. The intensity of their lighting directly depends on the angle of the roof and the cardinal directions - south or north. Generally in modern houses In Russia, it is fashionable to install larger attic windows so that more light enters the attic.
Dormer windows: a universal option
A dormer window also differs from many other types in that it has a simpler design and can be placed directly on the slope of the roof - and at the same angle as the roof itself. Installation is so simple that there is no need to redo the entire roof structure, and this type of window is most often preferred when an attic space is being reconstructed.
Lucarnes: for a special aesthetic effect
Separately, we note this type of attic windows, such as lucarnes. Lucarnes are dormers that are decorated in a Renaissance or Gothic style. Lucarnes are especially popular in Poland, and thanks to the famous construction magazine of this country, there is a certain fashion for lucarnes in Russia.
The lucarne itself is one of the most important architectural elements houses, the shape and design of which influences the style of the entire building (decorating it or making it tasteless). Whereas a roof window is less noticeable on the roof, and its style decisions are not so important.
Lucarne is also distinguished by the fact that it forms in attic such a niche, and most of the light is right next to it. And the further away from such a window, the darker it gets. And already at a distance of 4-5 meters the light is not enough. What can we say about the slopes of the roof, under which there is even partial shade. Therefore, the uniformity of lighting in the attic when using this type of window directly depends on the width of the hatch and the method of constructing the side walls. Of course, such a room, on the other hand, seems more comfortable, and some modern interior designers prefer this type of lighting rather than the bright light of an operating room.
At its core, a lucarne is an additional extension on the roof with vertical window. Thus, a narrow hatch is often installed when restoring old houses, or when purposefully stylizing them as antique. But it is worth remembering that such an attic window has a specific shape, which entails some changes in the roof structure.
The simplest type of lucarne-type attic windows is the “beaver tail”, which is covered with flat tiles. A little more complicated is the “bull’s eye”, but it looks so impressive that it is difficult not to notice it when passing by such a house. And you will be surprised to learn that this type of window itself still has great functionality. Although at the same time, their implementation is a very difficult task, even for an experienced roofer:
So, for a beavertail window, more flat tiles are used. A roof with a “bull’s eye” will, of course, cost you more, although it will stand out favorably among all other typical buildings. In addition, you will have to hire a roofer with the appropriate qualifications, and the window itself will be made of laminated wood - this material is expensive, not to mention the fact that you will have to make a special order.
According to the rules, the “bull’s eye” must be designed at the development stage of the architectural project. First, a project is made, then the rafter frame is modified, the base is made and waterproofing is laid. After this, the roofing covering is laid and the aprons are installed. L
Any mistakes at this stage will result in the doors locking incorrectly or getting stuck. Result: freezing of the walls along the entire perimeter of the window. Therefore, in the case of such a window, it makes sense to trust only a professional. Therefore, in most cases it is better to equip the attic window in a simpler manner, but with a clearer geometry. And the choice today is huge.
Criteria for choosing an attic window
Now you should pay attention to the narrower parameters of attic windows: how much light they let in, whether it will be convenient to open them and what are the advantages of individual market offers.
Practicality parameter
When it comes to choosing the material for making attic windows, there are many nuances. Thus, wood is a wonderful material that absorbs noise well, retains heat and gives irreplaceable comfort to the entire interior. But wood is also sensitive to precipitation, and therefore it is better to give preference to plastic structures.
For the rest, focus on whether additional elements and insulation will be supplied with the window itself. This determines how easily you can solve waterproofing and repair problems in the future.
Lighting parameter
A dormer window illuminates the attic more evenly than a dormer window, although here too much depends on the angle of inclination. Standard roof windows are good because, unlike skylights, they are located at an angle, so more light comes through them.
Their surface area may be smaller than that of standard conventional attic gable windows. Therefore, their area most often ranges from 1/8 of the floor surface, and at the same time, the lower edge of the window should still be at a distance of 90-110 centimeters, and the top - 185-205 above the floor.
And that's what it's all about main drawback modern roof windows: a lot of direct sunlight gets into the attic, and the things in it simply burn out and overheat. Therefore, it is customary to install special Roman blinds and awnings on roof windows, which means a slightly different design and other costs.
That is why skylights are most often placed on the north side, where more soft, diffused light enters. Again, there is a minus here: on the northern slopes the snow lies longer, and therefore such leaks are more likely, not to mention the seasonal lack of opportunity to properly ventilate the room. But this does not mean that everything is bad on any side, just weigh the pros and cons.
Therefore, in terms of illumination, the shape of the attic window is of great importance: if it is horizontal, there will be more light, if vertical, a little less. But most of all, of course, light enters the attic through panoramas, especially direct sunlight, which can lead to overheating of objects.
There are certain studies that show that sloping attic windows allow sunlight 30-40% more than vertical ones. Therefore, if you are going to make a relaxation room, SPA corner or bathroom out of the attic, then it is better to install more windows.
Constructability parameter
There is also a difference in at what stage of construction it is possible to install attic windows from different materials. So, metal-plastic ones are allowed to be installed even before they were produced Finishing work, especially wet ones. After all, plastic is resistant to moisture, but wooden ones can dry out after this.
Moreover, with wooden windows, if you already had to install them before such work, you will have to constantly tinker: ventilate, close and open, make sure that condensation does not fall on the inside. And all this is a waste of valuable working time.
Comfort parameter
Now let's come close to the issue of opening attic windows. So, the most popular option is a design with a middle rotary opening. Such windows are good because they can be left slightly open or the sash can be rotated around its axis. This is very convenient when you need to clean windows. Also make sure that the handle is placed on top of the frame, then you can also put something under the window.
If you are planning to install attic windows and someday make an attic there, then choose ones that are installed high enough and controlled using a remote control: they open and close. For example, attic windows are popular today, which close themselves at the first drop of rain - all thanks to a special sensor. Amazing, isn't it? And they are easy to install:
Staffing parameter
Modern manufacturers are also working hard on the many disadvantages of attic windows. For example, roof windows are always at an angle and look directly at the sky, and therefore in hot weather the sun's rays penetrate in large quantities. Therefore, manufacturers produce a whole set of sun protection accessories, such as blinds and interior curtains, and also create new glass that partially reflects the sun's rays.
The finished attic window kit usually includes an external insulating flashing, which will protect the window from rainwater and snow, forming an airtight connection with any roof covering. This should also include mounting elements: corners, plates and brackets. In addition, each of us has the opportunity to purchase an additional kit for high-quality installation, which will help installation without damaging the waterproofing layer of the roofing pie:
- Often the kit may include corner aluminum profiles, inner corners and a special moisture-resistant adhesive tape for the membrane.
- Other manufacturers also offer an insulating belt made of sheep wool, which is characterized by special elasticity and thermal insulation qualities. And some modern windows are equipped special film for connection with vapor barrier.
- The largest manufacturers also offer an additional contour made of foamed polyethylene and a special waterproofing apron made of polypropylene to insulate their product. It also includes sealant and special tape.
As a result, when using all these additional kits, you can increase the lifespan of such windows by 5-10 years more. Here good example how all this goodness is used in practice:
Subtleties of installing attic windows
And now we come close to the question of how to properly install this roofing element. All attic windows do not have to be placed on the same line - this can be done in a semicircle, in a checkerboard pattern or in any other arbitrary shape. Just keep in mind: the higher you install them, the lighter it will be in the attic, which, of course, is only a plus.
According to all the rules, it is necessary to equip an attic window in the process of creating the roof rafter system itself, because it itself is the same roof, only in miniature. Although, after the completion of construction work, the window is also installed, albeit with many difficulties. But we will tell you how to cope with all these difficulties. Note that some construction works you will need to do this on the ground before installing the window in the rafter system. For example, you can’t do without this in the case of a dormer window:
Stage I. Calculation and design
The first thing you need to know when installing attic windows is the distance between the rafters that is already there. Moreover, this parameter does not depend on the opinion or whim of the developer, but is determined during the design process depending on future loads and the shape of the roof itself.
For example, the smaller the roof slope, the more often rafters will have to be installed. And in my own way at will It is impossible to change the pitch of the rafters, so initially count on the fact that it is better to select windows according to the existing distance between the structural elements.
The calculation criteria for roof and attic windows are the same:
- The surface of the window itself should be in the area of 1/6 to 1/8 of the floor surface, and if the roof slope is very small, then 1/5.
- The window sill should be above the floor level at a height of 85-90 centimeters, and optimal height window opening - 120-150 centimeters.
- The width of the hatch or roof window should be more than half the width of the room - this is the only way to properly illuminate all the rooms, without dark corners. This is how the volume of the room visually increases. The important thing is that you can get to the window without hitting the roof.
The rule here is simple: the smaller the angle of inclination of the roof, the higher the attic window should be located.
Now let’s figure out how to calculate the number of attic windows. If we are talking about a residential attic, then all the windows together should make up a little more than half the wall. If you leave the attic cold, then have at least one window at opposite ends of the roof, for natural ventilation and to reduce the lifting force of the outside wind.
Sometimes it makes sense to install two windows side by side or one above the other for more lighting. But keep in mind that heat escapes through any window. And be careful when designing a future attic with a continuous row of windows.
Very often in practice it turns out that upon completion of the work the roof structure is slightly shifted, there are certain errors, and it will be impossible to make an even row of windows in such a roof. Therefore, in this case, it is easier to install vertical groups by placing additional windows in one line and using special elements along the entire length of the slope.
If skylights are too close together, snow and ice will accumulate between them. And this is another additional burden on bearing structures roofs, and it is important to take it into account. In addition, the walls of such windows must be additionally protected from moisture penetration, because snow and ice suspended on them will always thaw a little.
And lastly: when insulating roof windows, many people easily make mistakes, which result in the formation of cold bridges - and all because complex design. Look how many different moments there are:
Stage II. Preparation of the rafter system
So, during the construction of the rafter system, gaps between the rafters are deliberately left in place of future attic windows. Taking into account the fact that around the attic windows the rafters themselves must be reinforced, because they will be subject to additional load.
The main thing when installing an attic window is the waterproofing between the roof itself and the window, namely the need to protect the window from drips. Please note that only one type of attic window is mounted directly in the plane roofing material These are skylights. And in terms of waterproofing, you will have to tinker with them the most.
In modern houses, the standard distance between the rafters usually ranges from 60 centimeters to 1 meter, and therefore windows are now most often produced from 55 to 134 centimeters wide. And the easiest installation is when the window itself fits perfectly with the distance between the rafters. If the sizes of the windows and the distance between the rafters differ too much, special connecting structures will help you.
Therefore, we will call the ideal situation when the distance between the rafters exceeds the width of the window frame by only 2-5 centimeters. Thanks to this, you can leave a gap of 1 to 2 centimeters wide between the rafters of the window frame, which you will then fill with heat-insulating material. If the window fits too tightly to the rafters, insulation will be difficult to install.
But most of all, developers do not like to face the situation when the attic window turns out to be wider than the opening. After all, for correct installation you will have to cut out parts of the rafters and insert auxiliary beams. They are attached at a distance of 3-5 centimeters from the top and bottom of the window. The vertical beam must be secured to window frame at a distance of 2-5 centimeters for the same insulation.
So, what to do if the attic window is smaller in width than the distance between the rafters? In this case, no preparation is needed for the window itself, but between the rafters you will have to build additional side walls and the roof of the future window. After this, lay down the roof covering with insulation.
Most often, attic windows, which are less than the distance between the rafters, are inserted onto the finished roof, and sometimes not alone. But what to do if the width of the attic window is much greater than the distance between the building legs? This is not uncommon when building new homes. And therefore, it is better to design such windows even before the construction of the rafter system, specifically for a specific niche. Otherwise, you will have to risk the strength of the future roof, because you cannot do without cutting out part of the rafter legs.
True, for this purpose you can use crossbars and additional attachments, which will take on all the necessary load that should have gone to the cut off parts of the rafters. But there is one thing: such work should only be carried out by an experienced builder.
Stage III. Selection of fasteners
If you are installing attic windows yourself, know that there is a required fastening for each type of window and you cannot select it by eye. Thus, anchor bolts are most often used, anchor plates and frame dowels with metal wheels. But usually all this fastening is supplied complete with the window itself and is calculated by the manufacturer.
After all, the same colored PVC windows cannot be installed with too rigid a fixation, as a result they will quickly deform and very soon the sashes will no longer fit tightly enough to each other.
But dowels are not used for installing wooden windows, since they cause unnecessary stress in the frames, which is why modern manufacturers do not replace the window if it is deformed, if the mounting method has been changed by the owner.
Stage IV. Window frame installation
Next, after you have secured the window, fill the shutter with sealing tape around the entire perimeter of the frame. This is the only way you can achieve the required level of sound insulation and wind protection. Be sure to cover your wooden windows with self-adhesive tape during the process to keep them clean. And remember that ordinary tape is not suitable here - the tape must be stable, with acrylic varnish.
Two more important rules: PVC attic windows are not sealed with materials with bitumen components (heated in the sun), and they are not sealed with construction foam, which can greatly increase in volume and thus deform the profile. Also remember that when installing PVC windows, the fastening is required to be more rigid, and more mounting plates will be required.
As for cutting out a window on inclined slopes, you can easily cope with this task yourself:
In fact, you only have to tinker with the attic window located directly under the ridge:
If you are working with frame dowels, be aware that there are strict guidelines regarding their diameter and hole depth. So, you need to make a hole even before placing the window formwork, and for this you will need an elongated drill so as not to damage the surface of the frame.
Problems can arise primarily with PVC windows that have been reinforced with special steel profiles. The dowel head cannot rest on these - only on the wall PVC profile. Otherwise the window will crack. The correct thing to do is to recess the mount completely into the window frame and close the hole above it with a plug.
Stage V. Finishing work
After removing the dried foam, you need to close all the fittings so that it is clean. Last but not least, remove the protective film from the windows.
Most often, attic windows, which have a smaller width than the distance between the rafters, are inserted into the finished roof, and sometimes not in any quantity. But what to do if the width of the attic window is much greater than the distance between the rafters? But this is not uncommon when building new houses. That is why it is better to design such windows before constructing the rafter system, planning to leave special niches for them.
Otherwise, you will have to risk the strength of the future roof, because it will no longer be possible to do without cutting out part of the rafter legs. True, for this purpose you can use crossbars and additional attachments, which will take on all the necessary load that should have gone to the cut off parts of the rafters. But there is one thing: such work can only be done by an experienced builder.
The main advantage of modern attic windows is that they are able to withstand fairly heavy rainfalls, gusts of wind and snow pressure no worse than the roofing itself. Plus their proper installation, and your attic will be truly bright, dry and cozy.